General elections in India on:
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1978 ,
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2006 , 2011
2005 (Feb)
2005 (Oct) , 2010
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2015 ,
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2005
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2009 ,
Mysore 1957 , Mysore 1962
Mysore 1967 , Mysore 1972
1978 ,
1954 Thiru-Kochi
1965
1982
1996 , 2001
2006 , 2011
MB 1952
MP 1952
VP 1952
1978 , 1980
2009 ,
1974 , 1980
2002
2007 ,
1978 ,
1978
2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, 2018 , Next Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, 2023 , - !Elections in Odisha, OR , 1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1961
1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1967 , 1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1995 , 2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2000
2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2004
2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2009 , 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2014
2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2019 , Next Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2024 , - !Elections in Punjab, India, PB , 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1992
1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1997 , 2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in Puducherry, PY , , 1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1964
1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2021 , - !Elections in Rajasthan, RJ , 1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1967 , 1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1993
1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1998 , 2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2003 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2008
2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2013 , 2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2018 , Next Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2023 , - !Elections in Sikkim, SK , , , 1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1979 , 1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1985
1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1994
1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1999 , 2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2004
2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2009 , 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2014 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2019 , Next Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2024 , - !Elections in Tamil Nadu, TN , 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1952
1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1957 , 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1962
1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1967 , 1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1984
1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2021 , - !Elections in Telangana, TG , 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, 1952 , colspan="5" , State didn't exist. Was part of AP. (Established in 2014) ,
1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1985
1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1993
1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in Uttarakhand, UT , colspan="5" , State didn't exist. Was part of UP. (Established in 2000) , 2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in West Bengal, WB , 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1982
1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1987 , 1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2021 By-election When an elected candidate to either the State Assembly or Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha leaves the office vacant before their term ends, a by-election is conducted to find a suitable replacement to fill the vacant position. It is often referred to in India as Bypolls. Common reasons for by-elections : * Resignation by the sitting MP or MLA * Death of the sitting MP or MLA But other reasons occur when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (criminal conviction, or failure to maintain a minimum attendance in the office or due to election irregularities found later. Also, when a candidate has won more than one seat, they have to vacate one).
Research into indelible ink was commenced by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In the 1950s, M. L. Goel worked on this research at the Chemical Division of the National Physical Laboratory of India. The ink used contains silver nitrate, which makes it photo-sensitive. It is stored in amber-colored plastic or brown-colored glass bottles. On application, the ink remains on the fingernail for at least two days. It may last up to a month depending upon the person's body temperature and the environment.
BHAVIK (EVM) were first used in the 1997 election and became the only method of voting in 2004. The EVMs save time in reporting results. A voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) was introduced on 14 August 2014 in Nagaland. In the 2014 general election, VVPAT was operational in 8 constituencies (Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency), Lucknow, Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency), Gandhinagar, Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency), Bangalore South, Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency), Chennai Central, Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency), Jadavpur, Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency), Raipur, Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency), Patna Sahib and Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency), Mizoram) as a pilot project. A slip generated by the VVPAT tells a voter to which party or candidate their vote has been given, their name, their constituency and their polling booth.
Opposition parties demanded that VVPAT be made mandatory all over India due to allegations on the government of hacking the EVM. Accordingly, Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) and EVMs were used in every assembly and the general election in India since 2019. On 9 April 2019, Supreme Court of India gave the judgement, ordering the Election Commission of India to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which means Election Commission of India has to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs in 2019 General elections. VVPAT enables voters to cross-check whether the vote they have given goes to their desired candidate as the VVPAT unit produces a paper slip, additionally called ballot slip, that contains the name, serial number, and image of the candidate selected by the voter for his vote. Post the 2019 Indian general elections, 2019 general election, ECI declared that no mismatches between EVM and VVPAT.
First Post, 2 April 2019.Maharashtra, Haryana Elections 2019: Can You Vote By Postal Ballot If You Aren't Living At Home?
Huffington Post, 26 September 2019.
Election Commission of India
Adam Carr's election archive
Election Commission of India handbook for candidates
Elections India
{{India topics Elections in India,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
has a parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of th ...
as defined by its constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princ ...
, with power distributed between the central government and the states.
The President of India
The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Mur ...
is the ceremonial head of state of the country and supreme commander-in-chief for all defence forces in India.
However, it is the Prime Minister of India, who is the leader of the party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often featur ...
or political alliance having a majority in the national elections to the Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-p ...
. The Prime Minister is the leader of the executive branch of the Government of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, ...
. The Prime Minister is the chief adviser to the President of India
The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Mur ...
and the head of the Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers Article 58 of the ''Constitution of India'' is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which is responsible for being the senior decision making body of the executive branch. It is chaired by t ...
.
India is regionally divided into States (and Union Territories) and each State has a Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
who is the state's head, but the executive authority rests with the Chief Minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union terri ...
who is the leader of the party or political alliance that has won a majority in the regional elections otherwise known as State Assembly Elections that exercises executive powers in that State. The respective State's Chief Minister has executive powers within the State and works jointly with the Prime Minister of India or their ministers on matters that require both State and Central attention. Some Union Territories also elect an Assembly and have a territorial government and other (mainly smaller) Union Territories are governed by a person appointed by the President of India.
The President of India monitors the rule of law through their appointed governors in each State and on their recommendation can take over the executive powers from the Chief Minister of the State, temporarily when the elected representatives of the State government has failed to create a peaceful environment and has deteriorated into chaos. The President of India dissolves the existing State government if necessary, and a new election is conducted.Elections
Election Commission is the federal body of India which is enacted under the provisions of the Constitution, responsible for monitoring and administering all the electoral processes of India. This body is responsible for ensuring elections are free and fair, without any bias. Election ensures the conduct of members pre-elections, during elections, and post-elections are as per the statutory legislation. All election-related disputes are handled by the Election Commission. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act as appropriate.The first election Commissioner wasSukumar Sen Sukumar Sen may refer to:
*Sukumar Sen (civil servant)
Sukumar Sen (2 January 1898 – 13 May 1963) was an Indian civil servant who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India, serving from 21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958. Under his le ...
Types of elections
Elections in the Republic of India include elections for: *President of India
The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Mur ...
,
*Vice President of India
The vice president of India (IAST: ) is the deputy to the head of state of the Republic of India, i.e. the president of India. The office of vice president is the second-highest constitutional office after the president and ranks second in the ...
,
*Members of the Parliament in Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. , it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using si ...
(upper house) and Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-p ...
(lower house),
*Members of State Legislative Councils,
*Members of State Legislative Assemblies (includes legislative assemblies of three union territories - Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
, Puducherry Puducherry or Pondicherry may refer to:
* Puducherry (union territory), a union territory of India
** Pondicherry, capital of the union territory of Puducherry
** Puducherry district, a district of the union territory of Puducherry
** Puducherry t ...
and Jammu and Kashmir),
*Members of local governance bodies ( Municipal bodies and Panchayats
The Panchayat raj is a political system, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical menti ...
),
*By-election is held when a seat-holder of a particular constituent dies, resigns, or is disqualified.
Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)
Members of Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house of India's Parliament are elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of India, from a set of candidates who stand in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the Lok Sabha elections are called 'Member of Parliament' and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi, on matters relating to the creation of new laws, removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of India. Elections take place once in 5 years to elect 543 members for the Lok Sabha (Lower house).
{, class="wikitable"
, -
, + style="text-align: left;" , General election results ''(Lok Sabha)''
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
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History of Lok Sabha elections
;Key: {, class="wikitable sortable" , + LOK SABHA ELECTIONS ! colspan="3" , ! style="width:24%;" colspan="3" class="unsortable", First ! style="width:24%;" colspan="3" class="unsortable" , Second ! style="width:24%;" colspan="3" class="unsortable" , Third , - ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Year ! style="width:12%;" class="sortable", Election ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Total seats ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Party ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Seats ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", % votes ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Party ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Seats ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", % votes ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Party ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", Seats ! style="width:8%;" class="sortable", % votes , - style="text-align:center;" , , 1951–52 , ,1st Lok Sabha
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.
...
, , 489
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 364
, , 45%
, style="background:#c20e0e;", CPI
, , 16
, , 3.29%
, style="background:#3c0;", SOC
, , 12
, , 10.59%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, , 2nd Lok Sabha
The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.
15 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 2nd Lok Sabha after ...
, , 494
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 371
, , 47.78%
, style="background:#c20e0e;", CPI
, , 27
, , 8.92%
, style="background:#390;", PSP
, , 19
, , 10.41%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
, , 3rd Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 3rd Lok Sabha, (2 April 1962 – 3 March 1967) elected February–March 1962. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian nati ...
, , 494
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 361
, , 44.72%
, style="background:#c20e0e;", CPI
, , 29
, , 9.94%
, style="background:Blue;", SWA
, , 18
, , 7.89%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, , 4th Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 4th Lok Sabha (4 March 1967 – 27 December 1970), elected February–March 1967. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India.13 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 4th ...
, , 520
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 283
, , 40.78%
, style="background:Blue;", SWA
, , 44
, , 8.67%
, style="background:#f93;", BJS
, , 35
, , 9.31%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1971
, , 5th Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 5th Lok Sabha, ( 15 March 1971 — 18 January 1977) elected February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time. However, the House was dissolved after having been in existence for a ...
, , 518
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 352
, , 43.68%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 25
, , 5.12%
, style="background:#c20e0e;", CPI
, , 23
, , 4.73%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, , 6th Lok Sabha
, , 542
, style="background:#1f75fe;", JP
, , 298
, , 43.17%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 153
, , 34.52%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 22
, , 4.29%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1980
, , 7th Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 7th Lok Sabha, (18 January 1980 – 31 December 1984) elected December 1979 – January 1980. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha were el ...
, , 529 ( 542* )
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 351
, , 42.69%
, style="background:darkBlue;", JNP(S)
, , 41
, , 9.39%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 37
, , 6.24%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
, , 8th Lok Sabha
The 8th Lok Sabha ran from 31 December 1984 to 27 November 1989. Politicians were elected in December 1984, taking office by the end of the month. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the bicameral Parliament of India. 9 s ...
, , 514
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 404
, , 49.10%
, style="background:#ff0;", TDP
, , 30
, , 4.31%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 22
, , 5.87%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, , 9th Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elec ...
, , 529
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 195
, , 39.53%
, style="background:seaGreen;", JD
, , 142
, , 17.79%
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 85
, 11.36%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
, , 10th Lok Sabha
List of Members of the 10th Lok Sabha, (20 June 1991 – 10 May 1996) elected during 1991 Indian general election held during May–June 1991. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India, four sitting membe ...
, , 521
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 244
, , 35.66%
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 120
, , 20.11%
, style="background:seaGreen;", JD
, , 59
, , 11.84%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1996
, , 11th Lok Sabha
General elections were held in India in April–May 1996 to elect the members of the 11th Lok Sabha. The result of the election was a hung parliament, which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls ...
, , 543
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 161
, , 20.29%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 140
, , 28.80%
, style="background:seaGreen;", JD
, , 46
, , 23.45%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, , 12th Lok Sabha
This is the list of members of the 12th Lok Sabha, (10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999) after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha, like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that d ...
, , 545
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 182
, , 25.59%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 141
, , 25.82%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 32
, , 5.16%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, , 13th Lok Sabha
The 13th Lok Sabha (10 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India). It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–Oc ...
, , 545
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 182
, , 23.75%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 114
, , 28.30%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 33
, , 5.40%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 2004
, , 14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (17 May 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian Nation ...
, , 543
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 145
, , 26.53%
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 138
, , 22.16%
, style="background:#f00;", CPM
, , 43
, , 5.66%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 2009
, , 15th Lok Sabha
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.
Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 44 more seats than the previou ...
, , 545
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 206
, , 28.55%
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 116
, , 18.80%
, style="background:#6f9;", SP
, , 23
, , 3.23%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
, , 16th Lok Sabha
Members of the 16th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2014 Indian general election. The elections were conducted in 9 phases from 7 April 2014 to 12 May 2014 by the Election Commission of India. The results of the election were declared on 16 M ...
, , 545
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 282
, , 31.34%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 44
, , 19.52%
, style="background:#9c0;", AIADMK
, , 37
, , 3.31%
, - style="text-align:center;"
, , 2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
, , 17th Lok Sabha
The 17th Lok Sabha was formed by the members elected in the 2019 Indian general election. Elections, all across India, were conducted in seven phases from 11 April 2019 to 19 May 2019 by the Election Commission of India. Counting started off ...
, , 543
, style="background:#fbb917;", BJP
, , 303
, , 37.4%
, style="background:#00bfff;", INC
, , 52
, , 19.50%
, style="background:#f00;", DMK
, , 24
, , 4.24%
* : 12 seats in Assam and 1 in Meghalaya did not vote.
State Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Elections
Members of State Legislative Assembly, are elected directly by voting, from a set of candidates who stands in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the State Legislative Assemblies elections are called 'Member of Legislative Assembly' (MLA) and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the Governor. The house meets in the respective state, on matters relating to the creation of new laws, removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens living in that state. The total strength of each assembly depends on each State, mostly based on size and population. Similar to the Lok Sabha elections, the leader of the majority party/alliance takes oath as Chief Minister of the State. *Some ideas to reduce election expenditure* All election at same time will favour ruling government. One general Election and 28 States 8 union territories election can be held in two stages. First stage :- General Election After two year Second Stage :- 28 states 8 union territories local and legislative election For example:- 2024 general election And Jan 2027 State and local Bodies Election The Election Commission conducts the elections and provides voluntary facility to 80 years plus aged electors to vote through ballot papers at their homes depending upon polling booth accessibility. Elections are taken up enthusiastically by major portion of the population who turn out in high numbers. For example, An 83-year-old woman, Dolma, cast her vote at Chasak Bhatori polling station in Pangi area of Chamba district after covering 14 kilometers walking on a snowy road during 2022 assembly elections in Himachal Pradesh. {, class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" , + State Assembly election results ''(Vidhan Sabha)'' ! State/UT !! 1950s !! 1960s !! 1970s !! 1980s !! 1990s !! 2000s !! 2010s !! 2020s , - ! AP , 19551957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1978 ,
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, 1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, 2004 2009 ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
, 2024
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1928 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
***''Steamboat Willie'', Walt Disney's f ...
, -
! AR
,
,
, 1978
, 1980 1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, 2004 2009 ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
, 2024
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1928 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
***''Steamboat Willie'', Walt Disney's f ...
, -
! AS
, 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1978 ,
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
, 1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
1996 , 2001
2006 , 2011
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses duri ...
, 2021
File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
, -
! BR
, 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
1969
This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon.
Events January
* January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco.
* January 5
**Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1980 1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
, 2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
2005 (Feb)
2005 (Oct) , 2010
2015 ,
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in t ...
2025
Predicted and scheduled events
*January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1929 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** The Federal Aviation Administration, ...
, -
! CT
, colspan = 5, State didn't exist. Was part of MP. (Established in 2000)
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...
, 2023
Events
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1927 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** Croatia will adopt the eu ...
, -
! DL
, 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
,
,
,
, 1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2015 ,
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in t ...
2025
Predicted and scheduled events
*January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1929 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** The Federal Aviation Administration, ...
, -
! GA
,
, 1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1980 1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, 1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, 2002 2007 ,
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
2017
File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a s ...
, 2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
, -
! GJ
,
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1975
It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe.
Events
January
* January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
, 1980 1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2002 2007 ,
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
2017
File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a s ...
, 2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
, -
! HR
,
, 1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Janu ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1982 1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
, 1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
1996 ,
2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
2005
2009 ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
, 2024
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1928 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
***''Steamboat Willie'', Walt Disney's f ...
, -
! HP
, 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
,
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
,
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2007 ,
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
2017
File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a s ...
, 2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
, -
! JK
, 1951
Events
January
* January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950).
* January 9 – The Government of the United ...
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
, 1996
, 2002 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
, -
, -
! JH
, colspan="5" , State didn't exist. Was part of Bihar. (Established in 2000)
, 2005 2009 ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
,
, -
! KA
, Mysore 1952 Mysore 1957 , Mysore 1962
Mysore 1967 , Mysore 1972
1978 ,
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, 1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, 2004 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...
, 2023
Events
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1927 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** Croatia will adopt the eu ...
, -
! KL
, 1952 Thiru-Kochi 1954 Thiru-Kochi
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1960
It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* Jan ...
1965
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1980 1982
1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
, 1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
1996 , 2001
2006 , 2011
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses duri ...
, 2021
File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
, -
! MP
, Bhopal 1952 MB 1952
MP 1952
VP 1952
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
, 1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1980 1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...
, 2023
Events
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1927 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** Croatia will adopt the eu ...
, -
! MH
,
, 1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1978 , 1980
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
, 2004 2009 ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2019
File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
, 2024
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1928 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
***''Steamboat Willie'', Walt Disney's f ...
, -
! MN
,
, 1967
Events
January
* January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair.
* January 5
** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1974 , 1980
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
, 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
, 2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
2002
2007 ,
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
2017
File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a s ...
, 2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
, -
! ML
,
,
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1978 ,
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicenten ...
, 1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...
, 2023
Events
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1927 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** Croatia will adopt the eu ...
, -
! MZ
,
,
, 1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
1978
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
, 1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, 1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...
, 2023
Events
Predicted and scheduled events
* January 1
** In the United States, books, films, and other works published in 1927 will enter the public domain, assuming there are no changes made to copyright law.
** Croatia will adopt the eu ...
, -
! NL
,
, 1964
Events January
* January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarc ...
1969
This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon.
Events January
* January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco.
* January 5
**Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
, 1974 1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
, 1982 1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
, 1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
, 2003 2008
File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, 2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, 2013 2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, 2018 , Next Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, 2023 , - !Elections in Odisha, OR , 1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1961
1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1967 , 1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 1995 , 2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2000
2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2004
2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2009 , 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2014
2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2019 , Next Odisha Legislative Assembly election, 2024 , - !Elections in Punjab, India, PB , 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1992
1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1997 , 2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in Puducherry, PY , , 1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1964
1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2021 , - !Elections in Rajasthan, RJ , 1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1967 , 1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1985 , 1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1990
1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1993
1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 1998 , 2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2003 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2008
2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2013 , 2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2018 , Next Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, 2023 , - !Elections in Sikkim, SK , , , 1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1979 , 1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1985
1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1994
1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 1999 , 2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2004
2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2009 , 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2014 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2019 , Next Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2024 , - !Elections in Tamil Nadu, TN , 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1952
1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1957 , 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1962
1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election, MS 1967 , 1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1984
1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2021 , - !Elections in Telangana, TG , 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election, 1952 , colspan="5" , State didn't exist. Was part of AP. (Established in 2014) ,
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018
, Next Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023
, -
!Elections in Tripura, TR
,
, 1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1967
, 1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1977
, 1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1983
1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1988
, 1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1993
1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 1998
, 2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2003
2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2008
, 2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2013
2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2018
, Next Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2023
, -
!Elections in Uttar Pradesh, UP
, 1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1951 1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1974
1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1980
1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1985
1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1989 , 1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1993
1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in Uttarakhand, UT , colspan="5" , State didn't exist. Was part of UP. (Established in 2000) , 2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2002
2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2007 , 2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2012
2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2017 , 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election, 2022 , - !Elections in West Bengal, WB , 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1952
1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1957 , 1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1962
1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1967
1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1969 , 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1971
1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1972
1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1977 , 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1982
1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1987 , 1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1991
1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1996 , 2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2001
2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2006 , 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2011
2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2016 , 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2021 By-election When an elected candidate to either the State Assembly or Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha leaves the office vacant before their term ends, a by-election is conducted to find a suitable replacement to fill the vacant position. It is often referred to in India as Bypolls. Common reasons for by-elections : * Resignation by the sitting MP or MLA * Death of the sitting MP or MLA But other reasons occur when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (criminal conviction, or failure to maintain a minimum attendance in the office or due to election irregularities found later. Also, when a candidate has won more than one seat, they have to vacate one).
Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Elections
TheRajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. , it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using si ...
, also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of India's Parliament. Candidates are not elected directly by the citizens, but by the State Legislative Assembly (India), Members of Legislative Assemblies and up to 12 can be nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members of the Parliament in Rajya Sabha get a tenure of six years, with one-third of the body facing re-election every two years. Rajya Sabha acts as a second-level review body before a bill becomes an act.
The Vice President of India
The vice president of India (IAST: ) is the deputy to the head of state of the Republic of India, i.e. the president of India. The office of vice president is the second-highest constitutional office after the president and ranks second in the ...
is the ''ex-officio'' Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions.
The Legislative proposals (making new laws, removing or appending new conditions to the existing law) are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament.
The Constitution of India, however, places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha which makes the Lok Sabha more powerful in certain areas. For example, it stipulates that Money bills must originate in the Lok Sabha.
Members of Rajya Sabha debate bills sent by the Lok Sabha and can approve, reject or send the bill back to the Lok Sabha for further debate and discussion on the matter, as well as to suggest better changes in the drafted bill. Members of Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations to the Lok Sabha for money bills within 14 days. Even if Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both the Houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses of Parliament of India in the form of the Lok Sabha finally passes it.
Electoral procedures
Candidates are required to file their nomination papers with the Electoral Commission. Then, a list of candidates is published. No party is allowed to use government resources for campaigning. No party is allowed to bribe the candidates before elections. The government cannot start a project during the election period. Campaigning ends by 6:00 pm two days before the polling day. The polling is held between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm. The Collector of each district is in charge of polling. Government employees are employed as poll officers at the polling stations. Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) are being used instead of ballot boxes to prevent election fraud. After the citizen votes his or her left index finger is marked with indelible ink. This practice was instituted in 1962.Indelible ink
Research into indelible ink was commenced by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In the 1950s, M. L. Goel worked on this research at the Chemical Division of the National Physical Laboratory of India. The ink used contains silver nitrate, which makes it photo-sensitive. It is stored in amber-colored plastic or brown-colored glass bottles. On application, the ink remains on the fingernail for at least two days. It may last up to a month depending upon the person's body temperature and the environment.
Electronic voting
BHAVIK (EVM) were first used in the 1997 election and became the only method of voting in 2004. The EVMs save time in reporting results. A voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) was introduced on 14 August 2014 in Nagaland. In the 2014 general election, VVPAT was operational in 8 constituencies (Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency), Lucknow, Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency), Gandhinagar, Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency), Bangalore South, Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency), Chennai Central, Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency), Jadavpur, Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency), Raipur, Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency), Patna Sahib and Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency), Mizoram) as a pilot project. A slip generated by the VVPAT tells a voter to which party or candidate their vote has been given, their name, their constituency and their polling booth.
Opposition parties demanded that VVPAT be made mandatory all over India due to allegations on the government of hacking the EVM. Accordingly, Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) and EVMs were used in every assembly and the general election in India since 2019. On 9 April 2019, Supreme Court of India gave the judgement, ordering the Election Commission of India to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which means Election Commission of India has to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs in 2019 General elections. VVPAT enables voters to cross-check whether the vote they have given goes to their desired candidate as the VVPAT unit produces a paper slip, additionally called ballot slip, that contains the name, serial number, and image of the candidate selected by the voter for his vote. Post the 2019 Indian general elections, 2019 general election, ECI declared that no mismatches between EVM and VVPAT.
NOTA
On 27 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India judged that citizens have the right to a negative vote by exercising a "None of the above" (NOTA) option. This was the result of petitioning from the Electoral Commission and the People's Union for Civil Liberties from 2009. In November 2013, NOTA was introduced in five state elections. If majority voting is for NOTA, the region comes under the presidential jurisdiction and is treated with laws similar to a national territory.Absentee voting
India does not provide general absentee ballot, absentee voting. On 24 November 2010, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2010 was gazetted to give voting rights to non-resident Indians but a physical presence at the voting booth is still required.''Postal voting''
Postal voting in India is done only through the "Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot Papers (ETPB)" system of Election Commission of India, where ballot papers are distributed to the registered eligible voters and they return the votes by post. When the counting of votes commences, these postal votes are counted before those from the Electronic voting in India, Electronic Voting Machines. Only certain categories of people are eligible to register as postal voters. People working in the Union armed forces and state police as well as their spouses, and employees working for theGovernment of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, ...
who are officially posted abroad can register for the postal vote, these are also called the "Service voters". Additionally, people in preventive detention, disabled and those above the age of 80 years old can use postal vote. Prisoners can not vote at all.Postal ballots: Who can vote through ETPB, how to get registered and how the voting is done; an explainerFirst Post, 2 April 2019.Maharashtra, Haryana Elections 2019: Can You Vote By Postal Ballot If You Aren't Living At Home?
Huffington Post, 26 September 2019.
See also
* 49-O Now replaced with 'NOTA (None of The Above)' * Booth capturing * History of democracy#Indian subcontinent, History of democracy in the Indian-subcontinent * Election Commission of India * Exercise Franchise For Good Governance * Legislative Assembly elections in India * British India - General Elections ** 1920 Indian general election ** 1923 Indian general election ** 1926 Indian general election ** 1930 Indian general election ** 1934 Indian general election ** 1945 Indian general election * British India - Provincial Elections ** 1937 Indian provincial elections ** 1946 Indian provincial electionsReferences
External links
Election Commission of India
Adam Carr's election archive
Election Commission of India handbook for candidates
Elections India
{{India topics Elections in India,