The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

. It met in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

, from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the

administration Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal ** Administrative Assistant, traditionally known as a Secretary, or also known as an administrative officer, admini ...

U.S. President The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...

Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833March 13, 1901) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia–a grandson of the ninth pr ...

. The apportionment of seats in this

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...

was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. The Republicans maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as President on March 4, 1889, This gave the Republicans an overall federal government

trifecta file:Trifecta.svg, Trifecta A trifecta is a parimutuel betting, parimutuel bet placed on a horse race in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third, in the exact order. Known as a trifecta in the US and Austra ...

for the first time since the

43rd Congress The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, ...

in 1873-1875.

Major events

* March 4, 1889:

became

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...

* December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre

Major legislation

It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government. Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...

veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans.

Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American ...

had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892. Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the

McKinley tariff The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress, framed by then Representative William McKinley, that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fift ...

, authored by Representative, and future President,

William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...

; the

Sherman Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (, ) is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce. It was passed by Congress and is named for Senator John Sherman, its principal author. ...

, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the

Sherman Silver Purchase Act The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a United States federal law enacted on July 14, 1890.Charles Ramsdell Lingley, ''Since the Civil War'', first edition: New York, The Century Co., 1920, ix–635 p., . Re-issued: Plain Label Books, unknown date, ...

, which required the U.S. government to mint

silver Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical ...

. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator

John Sherman John Sherman (May 10, 1823October 22, 1900) was an American politician from Ohio throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He also served as ...

. The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the

Land Revision Act of 1891 The General Revision Act (sometimes Land Revision Act) of 1891, also known as the Forest Reserve Act of 1891, was a federal law signed in 1891 by President Benjamin Harrison. The Act reversed previous policy initiatives, such as the Timber Culture ...

, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in

Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowston ...

Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the s ...

, the same year. Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote.

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 November 9, 1924) was an American Republican politician, historian, and statesman from Massachusetts. He served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 and is best known for his positions on foreign policy. ...

States admitted and territories organized

* November 2, 1889:

North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, So ...

and

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who comprise a large porti ...

were admitted as the 39th and 40th states. * November 8, 1889:

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

was admitted as the 41st state. * November 11, 1889:

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

was admitted as the 42nd state. * May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized. * July 3, 1890:

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyomi ...

was admitted as the 43rd state. * July 10, 1890:

was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Levi Morton - Brady-Handy portrait - standard crop

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

: Levi P. Morton (R) * President pro tempore:

John J. Ingalls John James Ingalls (December 29, 1833August 16, 1900) was an American Republican politician who served as a United States senator from Kansas. Ingalls is credited with suggesting the state motto and designing the state seal. Life and career John ...

(R), elected March 7, 1889 ** Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891 * Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds * Democratic Caucus Chairman:

James B. Beck James Burnie Beck (February 13, 1822May 3, 1890) was a Scottish-American slave owner, white supremacist, and United States Representative and Senator from Kentucky. Life Born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Beck immigrated to the United States in ...

, until May 3, 1890 ** Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards

House of Representatives

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** I ...

: Thomas B. Reed (R) * Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...

: 2. John T. Morgan (D) : 3. James L. Pugh (D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: 2. James H. Berry (D) : 3. James K. Jones (D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

: 1.

George Hearst George Hearst (September 3, 1820 – February 28, 1891) was an American businessman, miner, and politician. After growing up on a small farm in Missouri, he founded many mining operations, and is known for developing and expanding the Hom ...

(D), until February 28, 1891 : 3. Leland Stanford (R)

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...

: 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R) : 3. Henry M. Teller (R)

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...

: 1.

Joseph R. Hawley Joseph Roswell Hawley (October 31, 1826March 18, 1905) was the 42nd Governor of Connecticut, a U.S. politician in the Republican and Free Soil parties, a Civil War general, and a journalist and newspaper editor. He served two terms in the U ...

(R) : 3. Orville H. Platt (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

: 1. George Gray (D) : 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

: 1.

Samuel Pasco Samuel Pasco (June 28, 1834March 13, 1917) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from Florida. Biography Pasco was born in London, England, to a family of Cornish ancestry. His family moved to Prince Edward Island in 1841 befo ...

(D) : 3. Wilkinson Call (D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

: 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D) : 3.

Joseph E. Brown Joseph Emerson Brown (April 15, 1821 – November 30, 1894), often referred to as Joe Brown, was an American attorney and politician, serving as the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, the only governor to serve four terms. He also se ...

(D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyomi ...

: 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890 : 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...

: 2.

Shelby M. Cullom Shelby Moore Cullom (November 22, 1829 – January 28, 1914) was a U.S. political figure, serving in various offices, including the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate and the 17th Governor of Illinois. Life and ca ...

(R) : 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

: 1.

David Turpie David Battle Turpie (July 8, 1828 – April 21, 1909) was an American politician who served as a Senator from Indiana from 1887 until 1899; he also served as Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1898 to 1899 during the last year of his ...

(D) : 3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...

: 2. James F. Wilson (R) : 3.

William B. Allison William Boyd Allison (March 2, 1829 – August 4, 1908) was an American politician. An early leader of the Iowa Republican Party, he represented northeastern Iowa in the United States House of Representatives before representing his state in th ...

(R)

Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...

: 2.

Preston B. Plumb Preston Bierce Plumb (October 12, 1837December 20, 1891) was a United States senator from Kansas, as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Biography Born in Delaware County, Ohio, at 9 his family removed to Marysv ...

(R) : 3.

(R)

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: 2.

(D), until May 3, 1890 :: John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890 : 3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

: 2. Randall L. Gibson (D) : 3. James B. Eustis (D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

: 1.

Eugene Hale Eugene Hale (June 9, 1836October 27, 1918) was a Republican United States Senator from Maine. Biography Born in Turner, Maine, he was educated in local schools and at Maine's Hebron Academy. He was admitted to the bar in 1857 and served for n ...

(R) : 2.

William P. Frye William Pierce Frye (September 2, 1830 – August 8, 1911) was an American politician from Maine. A member of the Republican Party, Frye spent most of his political career as a legislator, serving in the Maine House of Representatives and the ...

(R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

: 1.

Arthur Pue Gorman Arthur Pue Gorman (March 11, 1839June 4, 1906) was an American politician. He was leader of the Gorman-Rasin organization with Isaac Freeman Rasin that controlled the Maryland Democratic Party from the late 1870s until his death in 1906. Gorman ...

(D) : 3. Ephraim K. Wilson (D), until February 24, 1891

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: 1. Henry L. Dawes (R) : 2.

George F. Hoar George Frisbie Hoar (August 29, 1826 – September 30, 1904) was an American attorney and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1877 to 1904. He belonged to an extended family that became politically prominen ...

(R)

Michigan Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...

: 1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R) : 2.

James McMillan James (or Jim or Jimmy) McMillan or MacMillan may refer to: Sportspeople * James McMillan (footballer, born c. 1866) (c. 1866–?), played for Sunderland * James McMillan (footballer, born 1869) (1869–1937), played for Scotland,Everton and St ...

(R)

Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...

: 1.

Cushman K. Davis Cushman Kellogg Davis (June 16, 1838November 27, 1900) was an American Republican politician who served as the seventh Governor of Minnesota and as a U.S. Senator from Minnesota. Early life and American Civil War Davis was born in Henderson, Ne ...

(R) : 2. William D. Washburn (R)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: 1.

James Z. George James Zachariah George (October 20, 1826August 14, 1897) was an American lawyer, writer, U.S. politician, Confederate politician, and military officer. He was known as Mississippi's "Great Commoner". He was also a slave owner. Biography James ...

(D) : 2.

Edward C. Walthall Edward Cary Walthall (April 4, 1831April 21, 1898) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Mississippi. Early life Edward C. Walthall was born in Richmond, Virgi ...

(D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: 1. Francis M. Cockrell (D) : 3. George G. Vest (D)

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

: 1.

Wilbur F. Sanders Wilbur Fisk Sanders (May 2, 1834 – July 7, 1905) was a United States senator from Montana. A leading pioneer and a skilled lawyer, Sanders played a prominent role in the development of Montana Territory and the state's early political hi ...

(R), from January 1, 1890 : 2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890

Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...

: 1.

Algernon S. Paddock Algernon Sidney Paddock (November 9, 1830October 17, 1897) was an American politician who was a Republican secretary of Nebraska Territory and U.S. Senator from Nebraska after statehood. Biography Paddock was born in Glens Falls, New York. His f ...

(R) : 2. Charles F. Manderson (R)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...

: 1.

William M. Stewart William Morris Stewart (August 9, 1827April 23, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Personal Stewart was born in Wayne Count ...

(R) : 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...

: 2.

Gilman Marston Gilman Marston (August 20, 1811July 3, 1890) was a United States representative, Senator, and United States Army general from New Hampshire. Early life Marston was born in Orford, New Hampshire. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1837 and fr ...

(R), until June 18, 1889 :: William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889 : 3.

(R)

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

: 1. Rufus Blodgett (D) : 2. John R. McPherson (D)

New York

: 1.

Frank Hiscock Frank Hiscock (September 6, 1834June 18, 1914) was a U.S. Representative and Senator from New York. He served in the United States Congress from 1877 to 1893. Hiscock was a native of Pompey, New York, and graduated from Pompey Academy. Af ...

(R) : 3.

William M. Evarts William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman from New York who served as U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator from New York. He was renowned for his skills as a li ...

(R)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

: 2. Matt W. Ransom (D) : 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, So ...

: 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889 : 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

: 1.

(R) : 3.

Henry B. Payne Henry B. Payne (November 30, 1810September 9, 1896) was an American politician from Ohio. Moving to Ohio from his native New York in 1833, he quickly established himself in law and business while becoming a local leader in Democratic politics. ...

(D)

Oregon Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. T ...

: 2. Joseph N. Dolph (R) : 3.

John H. Mitchell John Hipple Mitchell, also known as John Mitchell Hipple, John H. Mitchell, or J. H. Mitchell (June 22, 1835December 8, 1905) was an American lawyer, politician, and convicted criminal. He served as a Republican United States Senator from Oregon ...

(R)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: 1.

Matthew S. Quay Matthew Stanley "Matt" Quay (September 30, 1833May 28, 1904) was an American politician of the Republican Party who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1887 until 1899 and from 1901 until his death in 1904. Quay's control o ...

(R) : 3.

J. Donald Cameron James Donald Cameron (May 14, 1833 – August 30, 1918) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant and in the United States Senate for nearly twenty years. In May, 1876 Cameron was ...

(R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

: 1.

Nelson W. Aldrich Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (/ ˈɑldɹɪt͡ʃ/; November 6, 1841 – April 16, 1915) was a prominent American politician and a leader of the Republican Party in the United States Senate, where he represented Rhode Island from 1881 to 1911. By the 1 ...

(R) : 2.

Jonathan Chace Jonathan Chace (July 22, 1829June 30, 1917) was a United States representative and Senator from Rhode Island. Biography Born at Fall River, Massachusetts, the son of Harvey Chace and the grandson of Oliver Chace. In 1854, he married Jane C. Moo ...

(R), until April 9, 1889 :: Nathan F. Dixon III (R), from April 10, 1889

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: 2. Matthew C. Butler (D) : 3.

Wade Hampton III Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818April 11, 1902) was an American military officer who served the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and later a politician from South Carolina. He came from a wealthy planter family, and ...

(D)

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who comprise a large porti ...

: 2.

Richard F. Pettigrew Richard Franklin Pettigrew (July 23, 1848October 5, 1926) was an American lawyer, surveyor, and land developer. He represented the Dakota Territory in the U.S. Congress and, after the Dakotas were admitted as States, he was the first U.S. Senato ...

(R), from November 2, 1889 : 3.

Gideon C. Moody Gideon Curtis Moody (October 16, 1832March 17, 1904) was an attorney and politician, elected in 1889 as a Republican United States Senator from South Dakota. He served two years. He also had served five years as an associate justice of the Dakota ...

(R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

: 1. William B. Bate (D) : 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: 1. John H. Reagan (D) : 2.

Richard Coke Richard Coke (March 18, 1829May 14, 1897) was an American lawyer and statesman from Waco, Texas. He was the 15th governor of Texas from 1874 to 1876 and was a US Senator from 1877 to 1895. His governorship is notable for reestablishing local ...

(D)

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

: 1. George F. Edmunds (R) : 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

: 1. John W. Daniel (D) : 2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States A metonym for the federal government of the United States Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

: 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889 : 3.

Watson C. Squire Watson Carvosso Squire (May 18, 1838June 7, 1926) was an American Civil War veteran, twelfth governor of Washington Territory, and United States Senator from the state of Washington. Biography Born in Cape Vincent, New York, Squire attended the p ...

(R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the B ...

: 1. Charles J. Faulkner (D) : 2. John E. Kenna (D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: 1.

Philetus Sawyer Philetus Sawyer (September 22, 1816March 29, 1900) was a United States senator from Wisconsin for twelve years (1881–1893). He also represented Wisconsin for ten years in the United States House of Representatives (1865–1875), and he ...

(R) : 3. John C. Spooner (R)

Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the s ...

: 1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 24, 1890 : 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890 51st United States Congress Senators

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...

: . Richard H. Clarke (D) : . Hilary A. Herbert (D) : . William C. Oates (D) : . Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890 :: John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890 : . James E. Cobb (D) : . John H. Bankhead (D) : . William H. Forney (D) : .

Joseph Wheeler Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in ...

(D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: .

William H. Cate William Henderson Cate (November 11, 1839 – August 23, 1899) was an American politician, a judge, and a U.S. Representative from Arkansas. Biography Cate was born near Murfreesboro, Tennessee, the son of Noah Cate, who was a Baptist minister, ...

(D), until March 5, 1890 :: Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890 : . Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890 :: Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890 : . Thomas C. McRae (D) : .

John H. Rogers John H. Rogers is a Democratic Party (United States), Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, representing the 12th Norfolk District since 1992, which includes all of Norwood, Massachusetts, Norwood and parts of Walpole, ...

(D) : . Samuel W. Peel (D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

: . John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890 :: Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890 : . Marion Biggs (D) : .

Joseph McKenna Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843 – November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate J ...

(R) : . William W. Morrow (R) : . Thomas J. Clunie (D) : .

William Vandever William Vandever (March 31, 1817 – July 23, 1893) was a United States representative from Iowa and later from California, and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Biography Early life Vandever was born in Baltimore, ...

(R)

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...

: . Hosea Townsend (R)

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...

: . William E. Simonds (R) : . Washington F. Willcox (D) : . Charles A. Russell (R) : . Frederick Miles (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

: .

John B. Penington John Brown Penington (December 20, 1825 – June 1, 1902) was an American lawyer and politician, from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as Attorney General of Delaware and two terms as U. S. ...

(D)

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

: . Robert H. M. Davidson (D) : .

Robert Bullock Robert Bullock (December 8, 1828 – July 27, 1905) was an American state legislator and a United States representative from Florida. He was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Early life and caree ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

: . Rufus E. Lester (D) : . Henry G. Turner (D) : .

Charles F. Crisp Charles Frederick Crisp (January 29, 1845 – October 23, 1896) was a United States political figure. A Democrat, he was elected as a congressman from Georgia in 1882, and served until his death in 1896. From 1890 until his death, he led the De ...

(D) : . Thomas W. Grimes (D) : . John D. Stewart (D) : . James H. Blount (D) : .

Judson C. Clements Judson Claudius Clements (February 12, 1846 – June 18, 1917) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. For a quarter century a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Clements ...

(D) : . Henry H. Carlton (D) : . Allen D. Candler (D) : . George T. Barnes (D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyomi ...

: . Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...

: .

Abner Taylor Abner Taylor (January 19, 1829 – April 13, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Bangor, Maine, Taylor moved with his parents to Champaign County, Ohio, in 1832, thence to Fort Dodge, Iowa, and subsequently to Chicago, Illi ...

(R) : .

Frank Lawler Frank Lawler (June 25, 1842 – January 17, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Rochester, New York, Lawler attended the public schools. He moved with his parents to Chicago, Illinois in 1854. He was a news agent on a rail ...

(D) : . William E. Mason (R) : . George E. Adams (R) : . Albert J. Hopkins (R) : .

Robert R. Hitt Robert Roberts Hitt (January 16, 1834 – September 20, 1906) was an American diplomat and Republican politician from Illinois. He served briefly as assistant secretary of state in the short-lived administration of James A. Garfield but r ...

(R) : . Thomas J. Henderson (R) : . Charles A. Hill (R) : . Lewis E. Payson (R) : . Philip S. Post (R) : . William H. Gest (R) : .

Scott Wike Scott Wike (April 6, 1834 – January 15, 1901) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, Wike moved with his parents to Quincy, Illinois, in 1838 and to Pike County in 1844. He graduated from Lombard Univers ...

(D) : . William M. Springer (D) : . Jonathan H. Rowell (R) : . Joseph G. Cannon (R) : . George W. Fithian (D) : . Edward Lane (D) : . William S. Forman (D) : . Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889 :: James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889 : . George Washington Smith (R)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

: . William F. Parrett (D) : . John H. O'Neall (D) : . Jason B. Brown (D) : . William S. Holman (D) : . George W. Cooper (D) : . Thomas M. Browne (R) : . William D. Bynum (D) : . Elijah V. Brookshire (D) : . Joseph B. Cheadle (R) : . William D. Owen (R) : . Augustus N. Martin (D) : . Charles A. O. McClellan (D) : . Benjamin F. Shively (D)

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...

: . John H. Gear (R) : . Walter I. Hayes (D) : .

David B. Henderson David Bremner Henderson (March 14, 1840 – February 25, 1906), a ten-term United States Republican Party, Republican United States House of Representatives, congressman from Dubuque, Iowa, was the speaker of the United States House of Repre ...

(R) : . Joseph H. Sweney (R) : .

Daniel Kerr Daniel Alan Kerr (born 16 May 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played 220 games for the club between 2001 and 2013, as a hard-running inside midfie ...

(R) : . John F. Lacey (R) : . Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890 :: Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James P. Flick (R) : . Joseph R. Reed (R) : . Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) : .

Isaac S. Struble Isaac Sterling "Ike" Struble (November 3, 1843 – February 17, 1913) was an American politician who was a four-term Republican Representative of Iowa's 11th congressional district. Serving from 1883 to 1891, the Plymouth County resident ...

(R)

Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...

: .

Edmund N. Morrill Edmund Needham Morrill (February 12, 1834 – March 14, 1909) was a U.S. Congressman from Kansas and the 13th Governor of Kansas. Biography Edmund Needham Morrill was born in Westbrook, Maine, to Rufus and Mary (Webb) Morrill. He attended the ...

(R) : . Edward H. Funston (R) : .

Bishop W. Perkins Bishop Walden Perkins (October 18, 1841June 20, 1894) was a United States representative and United States Senate, Senator from Kansas. Born in Rochester, Ohio, he attended the common schools and Knox College (Illinois), Knox College (Galesburg, ...

(R) : . Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889 :: Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889 : . John A. Anderson (R) : . Erastus J. Turner (R) : . Samuel R. Peters (R)

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: . William J. Stone (D) : . William T. Ellis (D) : . Isaac H. Goodnight (D) : .

Alexander B. Montgomery Alexander Brooks Montgomery (December 11, 1837 – December 27, 1910) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Born near Tip Top, Kentucky, Montgomery attended the common and private schools. He was graduated from Georgetown (Kentucky) Colle ...

(D) : .

Asher G. Caruth Asher Graham Caruth (February 7, 1844 – November 25, 1907) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Early life and family Asher G. Caruth was born in Scottsville, Kentucky, on February 7, 1844."Caruth, Asher Graham". ''Biographical Directory o ...

(D) : . John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890 :: William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890 : . William C. P. Breckinridge (D) : . James B. McCreary (D) : . Thomas H. Paynter (D) : . John H. Wilson (R) : . Hugh F. Finley (R)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

: . Theodore S. Wilkinson (D) : . Hamilton D. Coleman (R) : . Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889 :: Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889 : .

Newton C. Blanchard Newton Crain Blanchard (January 29, 1849 – June 22, 1922) was a United States representative, U.S. senator, and the 33rd governor of Louisiana. Personal life Born in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana, he completed academic studies, ...

(D) : . Charles J. Boatner (D) : .

Samuel M. Robertson Samuel Matthews Robertson (January 1, 1852 – December 24, 1911) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana, son of Edward White Robertson. Born in Plaquemine, Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Robertson attended Magruder's Collegiate Institute ...

(D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

: . Thomas B. Reed (R) : .

Nelson Dingley Jr. Nelson Dingley Jr. (February 15, 1832 – January 13, 1899) was a journalist and politician from the U.S. state of Maine. Dingley was born in Durham, Maine and attended the common schools at Unity, Maine and Waterville College (now Colby Co ...

(R) : .

Seth L. Milliken Seth Llewellyn Milliken (December 12, 1831 – April 18, 1897) was a U.S. Representative from Maine. Early life Born in Montville, Maine, the son of William Milliken and Lucy P. Perrigo. Milliken attended the common schools and Waterville Col ...

(R) : .

Charles A. Boutelle Charles Addison Boutelle (February 9, 1839 – May 21, 1901) was an American seaman, shipmaster, naval officer, Civil War veteran, newspaper editor, publisher, conservative Republican politician, and nine-term Representative to the U.S. Congress f ...

(R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

: . Charles H. Gibson (D) : . Herman Stump (D) : . Henry W. Rusk (D) : . Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R) : .

Barnes Compton Barnes Compton (November 16, 1830 – December 2, 1898) was a Representative of the fifth congressional district of Maryland and a Treasurer of Maryland. Early life Barnes Compton was born on November 16, 1830 in Port Tobacco, Charles Count ...

(D), until March 20, 1890 :: Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890 : . Louis E. McComas (R)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: . Charles S. Randall (R) : . Elijah A. Morse (R) : . John F. Andrew (D) : .

Joseph H. O'Neil Joseph Henry O'Neil (March 23, 1853 – February 19, 1935) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Fall River, Massachusetts, O'Neil moved with his parents to Boston in 1854. He attended the common schools. He graduated fr ...

(D) : .

Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...

(R) : .

(R) : . William Cogswell (R) : . Frederic T. Greenhalge (R) : . John W. Candler (R) : . Joseph H. Walker (R) : . Rodney Wallace (R) : . Francis W. Rockwell (R)

Michigan Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...

: . J. Logan Chipman (D) : . Edward P. Allen (R) : . James O'Donnell (R) : . Julius C. Burrows (R) : . Charles E. Belknap (R) : . Mark S. Brewer (R) : . Justin R. Whiting (D) : .

Aaron T. Bliss Aaron Thomas Bliss (May 22, 1837 – September 16, 1906) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative and the 25th governor of Michigan, and was from Saginaw. Bliss Township was named after him. Early life in New York Bliss ...

(R) : . Byron M. Cutcheon (R) : . Frank W. Wheeler (R) : . Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...

: . Mark H. Dunnell (R) : .

John Lind John Lind is the name of: * John Lind (barrister) (1737–1781), English lawyer and political writer * John Lind (politician) (1854–1930), US politician * John Lind (female impersonator) (1877–1940), female impersonator See also

*Jon Lind, ...

(R) : . Darwin S. Hall (R) : . Samuel P. Snider (R) : . Solomon G. Comstock (R)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: . John M. Allen (D) : . James B. Morgan (D) : . Thomas C. Catchings (D) : . Clarke Lewis (D) : . Chapman L. Anderson (D) : . Thomas R. Stockdale (D) : . Charles E. Hooker (D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: . William H. Hatch (D) : . Charles H. Mansur (D) : . Alexander M. Dockery (D) : . Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889 : . John C. Tarsney (D) : . John T. Heard (D) : . Richard H. Norton (D) : .

Frederick G. Niedringhaus Frederick Gottlieb Niedringhaus (October 21, 1837 – November 25, 1922) was a German-born American businessman and politician. He served as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Missouri. Early life Frederick Gottl ...

(R) : . Nathan Frank (R) : . William M. Kinsey (R) : . Richard P. Bland (D) : . William J. Stone (D) : .

William H. Wade William Henry Wade (November 3, 1835 – January 13, 1911) was an American politician. He was a soldier in the Union Army and a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Early life Wade was born near Springfield, in Clark County, Ohio on November 3, ...

(R) : . James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890 ::

Robert H. Whitelaw Robert Henry Whitelaw (January 30, 1854 – July 27, 1937) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Born on a farm near Lloyds, Virginia, Whitelaw moved with his father to Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, in 1856. He returned to Essex County ...

(D), from November 4, 1890

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

: . Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...

: . William J. Connell (R) : . James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889 :: Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889 : . George W. E. Dorsey (R)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...

: . Horace F. Bartine (R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...

: . Alonzo Nute (R) : . Orren C. Moore (R)

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

: . Christopher A. Bergen (R) : . James Buchanan (R) : . Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D) : . Samuel Fowler (D) : . Charles D. Beckwith (R) : .

Herman Lehlbach Herman Lehlbach (July 3, 1845January 11, 1904) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for three terms from 1885 to 1891. He was the unc ...

(R) : . William McAdoo (D)

New York

: . James W. Covert (D) : .

Felix Campbell Felix Campbell (February 28, 1829 – November 8, 1902) was an American businessman and politician who served four terms as a United States representative from New York from 1883 to 1891. Biography Born in Brooklyn, he attended the common sch ...

(D) : . William C. Wallace (R) : . John M. Clancy (D) : . Thomas F. Magner (D) : . Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889 :: Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889 : . Edward J. Dunphy (D) : . John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter : . Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889 ::

Amos J. Cummings Amos Jay Cummings (May 15, 1841 – May 2, 1902) was an American newspaperman, American Civil War, Civil War veteran, and politician who served as a United States House of Representatives, United States Representative from New York (state), New ...

(D), from November 5, 1889 : . Francis B. Spinola (D) : . John Quinn (D) : . Roswell P. Flower (D) : . Ashbel P. Fitch (D) : . William G. Stahlnecker (D) : . Moses D. Stivers (R) : . John H. Ketcham (R) : . Charles J. Knapp (R) : . John A. Quackenbush (R) : . Charles Tracey (D) : . John Sanford (R) : . John H. Moffitt (R) : . Frederick Lansing (R) : . James S. Sherman (R) : .

David Wilber David Wilber (October 5, 1820 – April 1, 1890) was a United States representative from New York. Early life Born near Quaker Street, a hamlet in Duanesburg, New York, he moved with his parents to Milford, Otsego County, N.Y.; attended th ...

(R), until April 1, 1890 :: John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890 : . James J. Belden (R) : . Milton De Lano (R) : . Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889 :: Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889 : . Thomas S. Flood (R) : . John Raines (R) : . Charles S. Baker (R) : . John G. Sawyer (R) : . John M. Farquhar (R) : . John McClure Wiley (D) : . William G. Laidlaw (R)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

: . Thomas G. Skinner (D) : . Henry P. Cheatham (R) : . Charles W. McClammy (D) : . Benjamin H. Bunn (D) : .

John M. Brower John Morehead Brower (July 19, 1845August 5, 1913) was an American farmer and agriculture merchant who served two terms as a Representative from North Carolina from 1887 to 1891. Early life and education Brower was born in Greensboro, Guilford ...

(R) : . Alfred Rowland (D) : . John S. Henderson (D) : . William H. H. Cowles (D) : . Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, So ...

: . Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

: . Benjamin Butterworth (R) : .

John A. Caldwell John Alexander Caldwell (April 21, 1852 – May 24, 1927) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1889 to 1894. He also served as the 25th lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1900 to 1902. Biography Born in ...

(R) : . Elihu S. Williams (R) : . Samuel S. Yoder (D) : . George E. Seney (D) : . Melvin M. Boothman (R) : . Henry L. Morey (R) : .

Robert P. Kennedy Robert Patterson Kennedy (January 23, 1840 – May 6, 1918) was a U.S. representative from Ohio, as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Biography Born in Bellefontaine, Ohio, Kennedy attended the public schools a ...

(R) : . William C. Cooper (R) : . William E. Haynes (D) : . Albert C. Thompson (R) : . Jacob J. Pugsley (R) : . Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) : . Charles P. Wickham (R) : . Charles H. Grosvenor (R) : . James W. Owens (D) : . Joseph D. Taylor (R) : .

(R) : . Ezra B. Taylor (R) : . Martin L. Smyser (R) : . Theodore E. Burton (R)

Oregon Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. T ...

: .

Binger Hermann Binger Hermann (February 19, 1843 – April 15, 1926) was an American attorney and politician in Oregon. A native of Maryland, he immigrated to the Oregon Territory with his parents as part of the Baltimore Colony. Hermann would serve in both ...

(R)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: .

Henry H. Bingham Henry Harrison Bingham (December 4, 1841 – March 22, 1912) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district from 1879 to 1912. He w ...

(R) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890 ::

Richard Vaux Richard Vaux (December 19, 1816 – March 22, 1895) was an American politician. He was mayor of Philadelphia and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Early life and education Richard Vaux was born in Philadelphia, P ...

(D), from May 20, 1890 : . William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890 :: John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890 : . Alfred C. Harmer (R) : . Smedley Darlington (R) : . Robert M. Yardley (R) : . William Mutchler (D) : . David B. Brunner (D) : . Marriott Brosius (R) : .

Joseph A. Scranton Joseph Augustine Scranton (July 26, 1838 – October 12, 1908) was a Republican politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives from 1881 to 1883, 1885 to 1887, 1889 to 1891, and 1893 to 1897. Life and ...

(R) : . Edwin S. Osborne (R) : . James B. Reilly (D) : . John W. Rife (R) : . Myron B. Wright (R) : . Henry C. McCormick (R) : . Charles R. Buckalew (D) : . Louis E. Atkinson (R) : . Levi Maish (D) : .

Edward Scull Edward Scull (February 5, 1818 – July 10, 1900) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district from 1887 to 1889 and 20th cong ...

(R) : . Samuel A. Craig (R) : .

John Dalzell John Dalzell (April 19, 1845 – October 2, 1927) was an American attorney and Republican politician who represented his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1887–1913. During the presidency of The ...

(R) : . Thomas M. Bayne (R) : . Joseph W. Ray (R) : . Charles C. Townsend (R) : . William C. Culbertson (R) : . Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890 :: Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James Kerr (D)

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

: .

Henry J. Spooner Henry Joshua Spooner (August 6, 1839 – February 9, 1918), was a United States representative from Rhode Island. Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Spooner attended the common schools and graduated from Brown University in 1860. During his ...

(R) : . Warren O. Arnold (R)

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: . Samuel Dibble (D) : . George D. Tillman (D) : .

James S. Cothran James Sproull Cothran (August 8, 1830 – December 5, 1897) was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. He served for two terms from 1887 to 1891. Biography James Sproull Cothran was born ...

(D) : . William H. Perry (D) : . John J. Hemphill (D) : . George W. Dargan (D) : . William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890 :: Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who comprise a large porti ...

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Republicans) : . Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889 : . John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

: . Alfred A. Taylor (R) : . Leonidas C. Houk (R) : . Henry Clay Evans (R) : .

Benton McMillin Benton McMillin (September 11, 1845 – January 8, 1933) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as the 27th governor of Tennessee from 1899 to 1903, and represented Tennessee's 4th district in the United States House of Representativ ...

(D) : . James D. Richardson (D) : . Joseph E. Washington (D) : . Washington C. Whitthorne (D) : . Benjamin A. Enloe (D) : . Rice A. Pierce (D) : . James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: . Charles Stewart (D) : . William H. Martin (D) : . Constantine B. Kilgore (D) : .

David B. Culberson David Browning Culberson (September 29, 1830 – May 7, 1900) was a Confederate soldier, a Democratic U.S. Representative from Texas and Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. Early years Culberson was born in Troup County, Georgia, on Se ...

(D) : . Silas Hare (D) : . Joseph Abbott (D) : .

William H. Crain William Henry Crain (November 25, 1848 – February 10, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Texas. Born in Galveston, Texas, Crain attended the Christian Brothers' School, New York City, until the age of fourteen, and graduated from St. F ...

(D) : . Littleton W. Moore (D) : . Roger Q. Mills (D) : . Joseph D. Sayers (D) : . Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

: . John W. Stewart (R) : .

William W. Grout William Wallace Grout (May 24, 1836October 7, 1902) was an American politician and lawyer. He served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont. Biography Grout was born in Compton in Lower Canada (now Quebec), the son of Josiah and Sophronia (Aye ...

(R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

: . Thomas H. B. Browne (R) : . George E. Bowden (R) : . George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890 :: Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890 : . Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890 :: John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890 : . Posey G. Lester (D) : . Paul C. Edmunds (D) : . Charles T. O'Ferrall (D) : . William H. F. Lee (D) : .

John A. Buchanan John Alexander Buchanan (October 7, 1843 – September 2, 1921) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia and a judge of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Biography Buchanan was born in Smyth County, Virginia. He re ...

(D) : .

Henry St. George Tucker III Henry St. George Tucker III (April 5, 1853 – July 23, 1932) was a representative from the Commonwealth of Virginia to the United States House of Representatives, professor of law, and president of the American Bar Association. Early and fami ...

(D)

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States A metonym for the federal government of the United States Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

: . John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the B ...

: .

John O. Pendleton John Overton Pendleton (July 4, 1851 – December 24, 1916) was a U.S. Representative from West Virginia. Biography Pendleton was born in Wellsburg, West Virginia (then part of Virginia), the son of Confederate veteran Joseph H. Pendleton and Mar ...

(D), until February 26, 1890 ::

George W. Atkinson George Wesley Atkinson (June 29, 1845 – April 4, 1925), a cavalryman, lawyer, politician, judge and scholar, became the 10th Governor of West Virginia after running as the candidate of the Republican Party. He also served in the West Virgini ...

(R), from February 26, 1890 : . William L. Wilson (D) : . John D. Alderson (D) : . James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890 :: Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: .

Lucien B. Caswell Lucien Bonaparte Caswell (November 27, 1827April 26, 1919) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served 14 years in the United States House of Representatives between 1875 and 1891, representing parts of southeast Wisconsin. Biog ...

(R) : .

Charles Barwig Charles Barwig (March 19, 1837February 15, 1912) was a German American immigrant, businessman, and Democratic politician. He served three terms in the United States House of Representatives, representing the east-central part of Wisconsin. B ...

(D) : .

Robert M. La Follette Robert Marion "Fighting Bob" La Follette Sr. (June 14, 1855June 18, 1925), was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the 20th Governor of Wisconsin. A Republican for most of his ...

(R) : . Isaac W. Van Schaick (R) : . George H. Brickner (D) : .

Charles B. Clark Charles Benjamin Clark (August 24, 1844 – September 10, 1891) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Wisconsin and one of the founders of the Kimberly-Clark Corporation in Neenah, Wisconsin, Neenah with John A. K ...

(R) : .

Ormsby B. Thomas Ormsby Brunson Thomas (August 21, 1832October 24, 1904) was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for three terms (1885–1891), representing Wisconsi ...

(R) : .

Nils P. Haugen Nils Pederson Haugen (March 9, 1849April 23, 1931) was a Norwegian American immigrant, lawyer, and politician. He served four terms in the United States House of Representatives, representing western Wisconsin. He was a leading member of the Pr ...

(R) : . Myron H. McCord (R)

Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the s ...

: . Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

: . Marcus A. Smith (D) : . George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889 : .

Fred Dubois Fred Thomas Dubois (May 29, 1851February 14, 1930) was a controversial American politician from Idaho who served two terms in the United States Senate. He was best known for his opposition to the gold standard and his efforts to disenfranchise ...

(R), until July 3, 1890 : . Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889 : . Antonio Joseph (D) : . David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890 : . John T. Caine (D) : . John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889 : . Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890 51 us house membership

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

* Replacements: 3 ** Democratic: no net change **

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

: no net change ** Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss * Deaths: 3 * Resignations: 2 * Interim appointments: 1 * Seats of newly admitted states: 12 *Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 16 ** Democratic: 2-seat net gain **

: 2-seat net loss * Deaths: 11 * Resignations: 6 * Contested election:8 * Seats of newly admitted states: 7 *Total seats with changes: 33

Committees

Senate

* Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member:

) * Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Appropriations (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh) *

Census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses in ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James H. Berry) * Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member:

) *

Claims Claim may refer to: * Claim (legal) * Claim of Right Act 1689 * Claims-based identity * Claim (philosophy) * Land claim * A ''main contention'', see conclusion of law * Patent claim * The assertion of a proposition; see Douglas N. Walton * A righ ...

(Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones) * Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) *

Commerce Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, nation ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) *

District of Columbia ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Education and Labor (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member:

) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member:

) * Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member:

) * Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray) * Executive Departments Methods (Select) * Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees) * Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member:

) * Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member:

) *

Foreign Relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) *

Immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, a ...

(Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) *

Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and Al ...

(Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) *

Interstate Commerce The Commerce Clause describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution ( Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and amo ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) *

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

(Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh) *

Library A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees) *

Manufactures Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a rang ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt) *

Military Affairs ''The Journal of Military History'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places. It is the official journal of the Society for Military History. The journal was established in 1937 and the ed ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Mines and Mining (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William B. Bate) * Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member:

) * Naval Affairs (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman:

John Tyler Morgan John Tyler Morgan (June 20, 1824 – June 11, 1907) was an American politician was served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later was elected for six terms as the U.S. Senator (1877–1907) ...

; Ranking Member:

) * Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray) * Pensions (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon) * Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson) *

Printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

(Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member:

) * Privileges and Elections (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest) *

Public Lands In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Australia, and Canada). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countrie ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis) *

Railroads Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prep ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill) *

Rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Education * Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule pert ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Senate Administrative Services (Select) * Tariff Regulation (Select) *

Territories A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...

(Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson) * Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson) * Whole *

Woman Suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...

(Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)

House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) *

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...

(Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch) * Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select) * Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Mark S. Brewer) * Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) *

(Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan) * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland) *

(Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.) * Disposition of Executive Papers *

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill) *

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...

(Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham) *

Elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative ...

(Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore) * Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Edward Lane) * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member:

) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member:

) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman) *

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) *

(Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) *

Labor Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the la ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith) *

(Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum) * Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * Mileage (Chairman:

*Jon Lind, ...

; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie) *

(Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider) *

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord) * Naval Affairs (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman) * Pacific Railroads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James P. Flick) * Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans) * Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne) *

(Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * Private Land Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford) *

(Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman) * Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) * Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge) * Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member:

) *

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * Standards of Official Conduct *

(Chairman:

; Ranking Member: George W. Smith) * War Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver) * Ways and Means (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * Whole

Joint committees

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers * The Library *

Caucuses

* Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#Legislative branch, Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark (architect), Edward Clark * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford * Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889 ** Francis W. Palmer, from 1889

Senate

* Chaplain of the United States Senate, Chaplain: John George Butler, John G. Butler (Lutheranism, Lutheran) * Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary: Anson G. McCook * United States Senate Librarian, Librarian: Alonzo M. Church * Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate, Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890 ** Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

* Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodism, Methodist) * Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889 ** Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889 * Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams * Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives, Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890 ** James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield ** Edward F. Goodwin * Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R) * Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889 ** Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889

Notes

References

* *

External links

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
* * * * * {{USCongresses 51st United States Congress,