By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the

House of Commons of Canada The House of Commons of Canada (french: Chambre des communes du Canada) is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada. The House of Common ...

between the

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

and the

2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...

federal elections. The

42nd Canadian Parliament The 42nd Canadian Parliament was in session from December 3, 2015, to September 11, 2019, with the membership of its lower chamber, the House of Commons of Canada, having been determined by the results of the 2015 federal election held on Octob ...

existed from 2015 to 2019 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the

Canadian federal election This article provides a summary of results for Canadian general elections (where all seats are contested) to the House of Commons, the elected lower half of Canada's federal bicameral legislative body, the Parliament of Canada. The number of s ...

held on October 19, 2015. The

Liberal Party of Canada The Liberal Party of Canada (french: Parti libéral du Canada, region=CA) is a federal political party in Canada. The party espouses the principles of liberalism,McCall, Christina; Stephen Clarkson"Liberal Party". ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' ...

had a

majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats. ...

during this

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

. A by-election was held on October 24, 2016, following the death of Jim Hillyer (Conservative,

Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner (formerly Medicine Hat) is a federal electoral district in southern Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1908. Following the 2012 federal electoral redistribution, ...

) on March 23, 2016. Five by-elections were held on April 3, 2017: One following the death of

Mauril Bélanger Mauril Adrien Jules Bélanger (June 15, 1955 – August 15, 2016) was a Canadian politician. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he represented Ottawa—Vanier in the House of Commons through a by-election victory in 1995 until his death ...

(Liberal,

Ottawa—Vanier Ottawa—Vanier (formerly known as Ottawa East) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Previous to that date, it was part of the Ottawa electoral district ...

) on August 16, 2016. A second was held due to the former prime minister

Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. Harper is the first and only prime minister to come from the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada, ...

's (Conservative,

Calgary Heritage Calgary Heritage is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. Calgary Heritage was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legall ...

) resignation from parliament on August 26, A third was held due to the resignation of

Jason Kenney Jason Thomas Kenney (born May 30, 1968) is a Canadian former politician who served as the 18th premier of Alberta from 2019 until 2022 and the leader of the United Conservative Party (UCP) from 2017 until 2022. He also served as the member of ...

(Conservative,

Calgary Midnapore Calgary Midnapore is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It has been represented by Stephanie Kusie since she won the 2017 by-election. Calgary Midnapore was ...

), on September 23, to enter provincial politics and pursue the

leadership Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets view ...

of the Alberta PCs. Two others were called for

Markham—Thornhill Markham—Thornhill is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Markham—Unio ...

and Saint-Laurent, respectively following the appointments of

John McCallum John McCallum (born 9 April 1950) is a Canadian politician, economist, diplomat and former university professor. A former Liberal Member of Parliament ( MP), McCallum was the Canadian Ambassador to China from 2017 to 2019. He was asked for h ...

and

Stéphane Dion Stéphane Maurice Dion (born 28 September 1955) is a Canadian diplomat, academic and former politician who has been the Canadian ambassador to France and Monaco since 2022 and special envoy to the European Union since 2017. Dion was Leader of ...

(both Liberal) as Ambassadors to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

and

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, respectively. They officially resigned their seats in the House of Commons on January 31, 2017. Two further by-elections were held on October 23, 2017, in

Sturgeon River—Parkland Sturgeon River—Parkland is a federal electoral district in the Edmonton Capital Region of northern Alberta, Canada, and has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It was created in 2012 from the electoral districts of ...

and

Lac-Saint-Jean Lac-Saint-Jean () is a federal electoral district in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, northeast Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2004, and has been represented since 2015. Demographics :' ...

, following the resignations of former interim Conservative leader

Rona Ambrose Ronalee Ambrose Veitch ( , née Chapchuk; born March 15, 1969) is a Canadian former politician who was interim leader of the Conservative Party and the leader of the Opposition between 2015 and 2017. She was the Conservative Party member of ...

on July 4, 2017, and former Conservative deputy leader

Denis Lebel Denis Lebel (born May 26, 1954) is a Canadian politician and who served as mayor of Roberval, Quebec and deputy leader of the Official Opposition. Lebel was born in Roberval, Quebec. Political career Lebel was elected to the House of Commons ...

on August 9. Four by-elections were held on December 11, 2017, due to the death on September 14, 2017, of

Arnold Chan Arnold Chan (June 10, 1967 – September 14, 2017) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Scarborough—Agincourt in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2014 by-election. Chan was a member of the Li ...

(Liberal,

Scarborough—Agincourt Scarborough—Agincourt is a federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. It covers the area of the City of Toronto bounded by Steeles Avenue East to the nort ...

), the resignations effective September 30, of former cabinet minister

Judy Foote Judy May Foote ( Crowley; born June 23, 1952) is a Canadian former politician, 14th and current lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. She is the first woman to hold the position. Prior to her appointment as viceregal representative ...

(Liberal,

Bonavista—Burin—Trinity Bonavista—Burin—Trinity is a federal electoral district on Newfoundland Island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. Bonavista—Burin—Trinity was created by the 20 ...

), and

Dianne Watts Dianne Lynn Watts (born October 30, 1959) is a former politician in British Columbia, Canada. She won her first federal election campaign in October 2015 to become a federal Member of Parliament for South Surrey—White Rock. In 2017 she resigned ...

(Conservative,

South Surrey—White Rock South Surrey—White Rock (french: Surrey-Sud—White Rock) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It encompass a portion of British Columbia previously ...

) to enter provincial politics and pursue the

of the

British Columbia Liberal Party The British Columbia Liberal Party, often shortened to the BC Liberals, is a Centre-right politics, centre-right provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. The party currently forms the Official Opposition. Subsequent to the 2020 Br ...

, and in

Battlefords—Lloydminster Battlefords—Lloydminster is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. Geography The district is in Central-Western Saskatchewan. It includes the communities o ...

due to the resignation of Conservative MP

Gerry Ritz Gerry Ritz (born August 19, 1951) is a former Canadian politician. He served as member of the House of Commons of Canada for Battlefords—Lloydminster from 1997 until his resignation in 2017. He served as Canada's Agriculture minister from 2007 ...

on October 2. One by-election was held on June 18, 2018 following the resignation of

Denis Lemieux Denis Lemieux (born 1964) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 Canadian federal election The 2015 Canadian federal election held on October ...

(Liberal,

Chicoutimi—Le Fjord Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (formerly known as Chicoutimi) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925. The riding consists of the northern part of the Chicoutimi borough o ...

) on December 1, 2017. One by-election was held on December 3, 2018 following the death of

Gord Brown Gordon Keith Brown (August 31, 1960 – May 2, 2018) was a Canadian politician who represented the Ontario riding of Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party ...

(Conservative,

Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes (french: Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands et Rideau Lakes) is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Com ...

) on May 2, 2018. Three additional by-elections were held on February 25, 2019 due to the announcement by former New Democratic Party leader

Tom Mulcair Tom or TOM may refer to: * Tom (given name), a diminutive of Thomas or Tomás or an independent Aramaic given name (and a list of people with the name) Characters * Tom Anderson, a character in '' Beavis and Butt-Head'' * Tom Beck, a character ...

of his resignation of the seat of

Outremont Outremont is an affluent residential borough (''arrondissement'') of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It consists entirely of the former city on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec. The neighbourhood is inhabited largely by franc ...

on August 3, 2018 to accept an academic position, the announcement by NDP MP Kennedy Stewart of his resignation of the seat of

Burnaby South Burnaby South (french: Burnaby-Sud) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. It encompasses a portion of British Columbia previously included in the electoral districts of Burnaby—Douglas and Burnaby—New Westminster. Burnaby ...

on September 17 to run for

Mayor of Vancouver The mayor of Vancouver is the head and chief executive officer of Vancouver, British Columbia, who is elected for a four-year term. The 41st and current officeholder is Ken Sim, who has held office since November 7, 2022. List indicat ...

, and the announcement by Conservative MP

Peter Van Loan Peter Van Loan (born April 18, 1963) is a former Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament for the electoral district of York—Simcoe from 2004 to 2018. He was the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons from 2007 to 2 ...

of his resignation of the seat of

York—Simcoe York—Simcoe is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979, from 1988 to 1997 and since 2004. It covers part of the region north of Toronto by Lake Simcoe. ...

on September 30, 2018. A further vacancy occurred due to the resignation on January 2, 2019, of

Sheila Malcolmson Sheila Malcolmson (born March 26, 1966) is a Canadian politician who has served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia for the electoral district of Nanaimo since January 30, 2019. She was previously the federal Member of ...

(NDP,

Nanaimo—Ladysmith Nanaimo—Ladysmith is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. Nanaimo—Ladysmith was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It has come into effect ...

) to enter provincial politics. However, the government announced that no federal by-election would be called in the riding before the provincial by-election held on January 30, 2019, in order to avoid an "overlap". The writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** I ...

. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day. Due to the passage of Bill C-76 which made an amendment to the

Parliament of Canada Act The Parliament of Canada (french: Parlement du Canada) is the Canadian federalism, federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the Charles III, King, the Senate of Canada, Senate, and the H ...

that took effect January 19, 2019Per and the notice of coming into force published by the Chief Electoral Officer in the January 19, 2019 issue of the See also no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under the ''Canada Elections Act'' for the next general election. As a result, the cut-off date for a vacancy to cause a by-election for the 42nd Parliament was January 21, 2019. Any vacancies that occurred after that date were not filled until the next federal election on October 21, 2019.

Nicola Di Iorio Nicola Di Iorio (born March 13, 1958) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he sat as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel from his victory in the 2015 federal electio ...

(Liberal,

Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel (formerly Saint-Léonard) is a federal electoral district within the City of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population during the 2011 elect ...

) resigned on January 29, 2019, eight days after the deadline for a vacancy to occur and cause a by-election.

Raj Grewal Rajvinder Grewal (born September 11, 1985) is a former Canadian politician who represented the riding of Brampton East in the House of Commons of Canada from 2015 to 2019. Elected as a Liberal in the 2015 Canadian federal election, he resigned f ...

(

Brampton East Brampton East (french: Brampton-Est) is a federal electoral district in Ontario. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Bramalea—Gore—Malton and Brampton—Springdale. Brampton East was crea ...

) had announced on November 23, 2018 that he intended to resign his seat due to a gambling addiction but later announced, on November 30, that he was resigning from the Liberal caucus but would keep his seat as an Independent for the time being. On January 25, 2019, he announced that he would keep his seat in parliament until the next federal election in October.

Overview

October 24, 2016 by-election

Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner

A by-election was held on October 24, 2016, in the riding of

, which had been vacant since March 23, 2016, when

Conservative Party of Canada The Conservative Party of Canada (french: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Con ...

MP Jim Hillyer died in his office following a

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may tr ...

. The riding has been held by centre-right parties since Bert Hargrave defeated

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

incumbent

Bud Olson Horace Andrew "Bud" Olson (October 6, 1925 – February 14, 2002) was a Canadian businessman, politician, and the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta from 1996 to 2000. He also served as a Member of Parliament, Senator, Minister of Agricul ...

, himself a former

Social Credit Social credit is a distributive philosophy of political economy developed by C. H. Douglas. Douglas attributed economic downturns to discrepancies between the cost of goods and the compensation of the workers who made them. To combat what he ...

MP, in

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...

. This was the first by-election in the 108-year history of the Medicine Hat constituency. The

's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on March 24, 2016. Retired Medicine Hat Police inspector

Glen Motz Glen Motz (born 1958) is a Canadian politician who was re-elected for his second term to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2019 Canadian federal election on October 21, 2019. Motz was first elected in a by-election on October 24, 2016 after ...

defeated businessman Brian Benoit, former

Cardston-Taber-Warner Cardston-Taber-Warner was a provinces and territories of Canada, provincial electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-pos ...

and

Calgary-Glenmore Calgary-Glenmore, formally styled Calgary Glenmore from 1957 to 1971, is a provincial electoral district in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The district is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The electoral r ...

MLA

Paul Hinman Paul Hinman (born 1959) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He is the former leader of the Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta since 2020 and was formerly the leader of the Wildrose Alliance (2008–2009) and Alberta Alliance Party (20 ...

, lawyer Michael W. Jones, and party worker Joe Schow for the

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

nomination, which was held in late June.

Cypress-Medicine Hat Cypress-Medicine Hat is a provincial electoral district in the southeast corner of Alberta. Under the Alberta electoral boundary re-distribution of 2004, the constituency covers the portion of Medicine Hat south of the South Saskatchewan River, ...

MLA

Drew Barnes Drew Barnes (born May 21, 1961) is a Canadian politician who was elected in the 2012, 2015 and 2019 Alberta general elections to represent the electoral district of Cypress-Medicine Hat in the 28th, 29th and 30th Alberta Legislatures, respect ...

, former

Medicine Hat Medicine Hat is a city in Southern Alberta, southeast Alberta, Canada. It is located along the South Saskatchewan River. It is approximately east of Lethbridge and southeast of Calgary. This city and the adjacent Town of Redcliff, Alberta, ...

MLA

Blake Pedersen Blake James Pedersen (born February 9, 1965) is a Canadian politician who was an elected member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, previously representing the electoral district of Medicine Hat. He was born at Gull Lake, Saskatchewan. He wa ...

, and Dan Hein, Hillyer's closest competitor for the nomination in

, all declined to run for the Conservative nomination despite speculation to the contrary. Well-known

businessman Stan Sakamoto was the

candidate. The

Libertarian Party of Canada The Libertarian Party of Canada (french: Parti libertarien du Canada) is a federal political party in Canada founded in 1973. The party subscribes to classical liberal tenets, and its mission is to reduce the size, scope, and cost of government ...

nominated Sheldon Johnston as its candidate. The Libertarians and the

Rhinoceros Party The Rhinoceros Party (sometimes referred to in English as the Second Rhinoceros Party), officially the Parti Rhinocéros Party, is a Canadian federal-level political party. It was known as neorhino.ca until 2010, when the party changed its na ...

nominated candidates for the first time in Medicine Hat.

April 3, 2017 by-elections

Ottawa—Vanier

A by-election was held on April 3, 2017, in the riding of

, which had been vacant since the death of

on August 16, 2016, from

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive loss of motor neurons that control voluntary muscles. ALS is the most comm ...

(also known as Lou Gehrig's disease). The riding was one of the most solidly Liberal in the country, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since its creation in

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...

."Trudeau calls five by-elections for April 3"
''

The Globe and Mail ''The Globe and Mail'' is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of approximately 2 million in 2015, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it ...

'', February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 23, 2016. After several prominent potential candidates, including Bélanger's widow Catherine Bélanger, Ottawa councillors

Tobi Nussbaum Tobias "Tobi" Nussbaum (born c. 1969) is a Canadian diplomat and politician, best known as being the city councillor for Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward in Ottawa, Ontario from 2014 to 2019. He became the chief executive officer of the National Capital Com ...

and

Tim Tierney Timothy A. Tierney (born October 16, 1974) is the Ottawa city councillor of Beacon Hill-Cyrville Ward. He won the ward in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election, defeating the incumbent Michel Bellemare in a narrow contest. In the 2014 Ottawa municipal ...

, and 2014 council candidate Catherine Fortin LeFaivre declined to run, eight candidates sought the

nomination:

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

staffer Khatera Akbari, lawyer Jean Claude Dubuisson, communications consultant

Mona Fortier Mona N. Fortier is a Canadian politician who has served as the president of the Treasury Board since October 26, 2021. A member of the Liberal Party, Fortier has represented the electoral district of Ottawa—Vanier since winning the 3 April 20 ...

, Liberal staffer Eric Khaiat, former

Cape Breton Highlands—Canso Cape Breton Highlands—Canso was a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in the provinces and territories of Canada, province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1997. Hi ...

MP Francis LeBlanc, public servant Ainsley Malhotra, former executive director of The Humanitarian Coalition Nicolas Moyer, and Unique FM executive director Véronique Soucy. Up to 6,500 party members were eligible to vote in the nomination contest. Mona Fortier won the nomination on February 5, 2017. Unsuccessful 2015 candidate Emilie Taman, a

University of Ottawa The University of Ottawa (french: Université d'Ottawa), often referred to as uOttawa or U of O, is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on directly to the northeast of Downtown Ottawa ...

law professor and daughter of former

Supreme Court Justice The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight Associate Justice of the Supreme ...

Louise Arbour Louise Bernice Arbour (born February 10, 1947) is a Canadian lawyer, prosecutor and jurist. Arbour was the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Court of Appeal for Ontario and a former C ...

, ran again for the

NDP NDP may stand for: Computing * Neighbor Discovery Protocol, an Internet protocol * Nortel Discovery Protocol, a layer two Internet protocol, also called SONMP * Nondeterministic programming, a type of computer language Government * National Deve ...

Parliament Hill Parliament Hill (french: Colline du Parlement, colloquially known as The Hill, is an area of Crown land on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Its Gothic revival suite of buildings, and their architectu ...

staffer Adrian Papara defeated former New Brunswick MLA

Joel Bernard Joel Bernard (born December 8, 1963) is a Canadian conservative politician. Political career Provincial He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, representing Nepisiguit, in the general election of 1999 and became deputy sp ...

for the

Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...

nomination, decided on February 16. Educator and community activist Nira Dookeran was the

Green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 Nanometre, nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by ...

candidate.

Calgary Heritage

The riding of

became vacant when former

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ...

resigned his seat on August 26, 2016, to return to private life, including accepting directorships on corporate boards and establishing a consultancy firm. The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Harper as its only MP; however, it is largely composed of the former riding of

Calgary Southwest Calgary Southwest was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2015. The district was in the southwest part of the City of Calgary, south of Glenmore Trail and west of th ...

which was held by conservative parties throughout its existence.

Bob Benzen Bob Benzen (born March 3, 1959) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on April 3, 2017.

, a small business owner and member of the Calgary Heritage

Conservative Association A Conservative Association (CA) is a local organisation composed of Conservative Party members in the United Kingdom. Every association varies in membership size but all correspond to a parliamentary constituency in England, Wales, Scotland and No ...

defeated Rick Billington, a lawyer and the former president of the Calgary Heritage Conservative Association, and city prosecutor Paul Frank for the

nomination, which was decided on October 23. Former

Calgary Centre Calgary Centre (french: Calgary-Centre; formerly known as Calgary South Centre) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. The riding consists of many young adul ...

Joan Crockatt Joan Crockatt (born December 5, 1955) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on November 26, 2012. A member of the Conservative Party of Canada, she represented the electoral district of Calga ...

, party insider Alan Hallman, former

Monte Solberg Monte Kenton Solberg, (born September 17, 1958) is a Canadian businessman and politician. Solberg is a former Member of Parliament, representing the riding of Medicine Hat in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party o ...

, and Dan Williams, a former staffer to

, all declined to run for the nomination despite speculation to the contrary.

Ric McIver Richard William McIver (born August 28, 1958) is a Canadian politician who has represented Calgary-Hays in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta since 2012. A member of the United Conservative Party (UCP), McIver is the current minister of munic ...

, leader of the

Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta (often referred to colloquially as Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta) was a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta that existed from 1905 to 2020. The party f ...

and MLA for

Calgary-Hays Calgary-Hays is a provincial electoral district mandated to return one member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada using the first past the post method of voting. The riding was formed in 2004, carved out of the Calgary-Shaw electoral ...

, stated that he would not run. Rumoured candidates for the

nomination included physician Brendan Miles, the 2015 candidate in this riding, Chima Nkemdirim, the chief of staff to Calgary Mayor

Naheed Nenshi Naheed Kurban Nenshi (born February 2, 1972) is a Canadian politician who was the 36th mayor of Calgary, Alberta. He was elected in the 2010 municipal election with 39% of the vote, and is the first Muslim mayor of a large North American city. ...

, and former Conservative MP Lee Richardson. On February 8, 2017, the Liberal nomination was won by physician Scott Forsyth, defeating Steven Turner and Kanwar Gill. Khalis Ahmed won the uncontested

nomination. Taryn Knorren defeated Brennan Wauters for the

Green Party of Canada The Green Party of Canada (french: Parti vert du Canada) is a federal political party in Canada, founded in 1983 with a focus on green politics. The Green Party is currently the fifth largest party in the House of Commons by seat count. It el ...

nomination. The

Libertarian Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's e ...

candidate was Darcy Gerow. Businesswoman and former ''

Dragons' Den ''Dragons' Den'' is a reality television program format in which entrepreneurs pitch their business ideas to a panel of venture capitalists in the hope of securing investment finance from them. The program originated in 2001 in Japan, where it is k ...

'' star

Arlene Dickinson Arlene Dickinson (born October 8, 1956) is a South African Canadian businesswoman, investor, author, and television personality. She is the general partner of District Ventures Capital and CEO of Venturepark. Dickinson joined the cast of the C ...

was considered a potential candidate until she declined interest on January 22. Dickinson stated she had supported parts of both Conservative and Liberal platforms in the past, but considers herself non-partisan. The by-election was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 29, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was February 25, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days after being announced.

Calgary Midnapore

The riding of

was vacated by Conservative MP

who resigned his seat effective September 23, 2016, to seek the

of the

. The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Kenney as its only MP, however predecessor ridings from which Calgary Midnapore was created had, since the 1993 federal election, successively elected

Reform Reform ( lat, reformo) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill#The Yorkshire Associati ...

Canadian Alliance The Canadian Alliance (french: Alliance canadienne), formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (french: Alliance réformiste-conservatrice canadienne), was a centre-right to right-wing federal political party in Canada that existed u ...

and

MPs. Former diplomat Stephanie Kusie defeated entrepreneur Myles McDougall and local federal

riding association An electoral district association (french: association de circonscription enregistrée), commonly known as a riding association (french: association de comté) or constituency association, is the basic unit of a political party at the level of the ...

president Jack Redekop for the

nomination, held on January 14, 2017. Haley Brown was acclaimed as the

candidate on January 22. Holly Heffernan was acclaimed as the

candidate on February 6. Ryan Zedic was acclaimed as the

candidate on December 8, 2016. The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 23, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was March 22, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days afterwards.

Markham—Thornhill

The riding of

was vacated on February 1, 2017, following the appointment of Liberal MP and

Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship The minister of immigration, refugees and citizenship (french: Ministre de l'immigration, des réfugiés et de la citoyenneté) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The minister is responsible for Immigration, Refugees and Citi ...

as Ambassador to China. The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had McCallum as its only MP, however McCallum had represented predecessor ridings from which Markham—Thornhill was created since the 2000 federal election.

Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since 2 ...

's director of appointments and former senior Queen's Park staffer

Mary Ng Mary Ng (born December 16, 1969) is a Canadian politician serving as Minister of International Trade, Export Promotion, Small Business and Economic Development since 2018. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, she has been the member of Parl ...

, defeated small business owner Nadeem Quereshi and technology entrepreneur Afraj Gill for the

nomination on March 4, 2017. Ontario cabinet minister and

Markham—Unionville Markham—Unionville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Boundaries Markham—Unionville is located in the City of Markham within an area bordered by a ...

MPP Michael Chan, 2015

Liberal candidate Bang-Gu Jiang, businesswoman Sofia Sun, and former city councillor Khalid Usman were rumoured to be possible candidates but all of them ultimately endorsed Ng. Other speculated candidates for the Liberal nomination who did not run included Markham Regional councillor Jack Heath and

Markham Markham may refer to: It may also refer to brand of of clothing which originates from South Africa which saw it's establishment in 1873. Biology * Markham's storm-petrel (''Oceanodroma markhami''), a seabird species found in Chile and Colombia * ...

Mayor

Frank Scarpitti Frank Scarpitti is the mayor of the city of Markham, Ontario, Canada. Early life Scarpitti was born in Ontario in 1960. He is the son of Italian immigrants, Lucia and Antonio. He is married to Nancy Scarpitti, and has three children. He ran f ...

. Liberal nomination contestant and school trustee Juanita Nathan initially ran for her party's nomination but withdrew in protest of the Liberal Party's handling of the nomination process. Radio host and newspaper columnist Gavan Paranchothy defeated

CIBC The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC; french: Banque canadienne impériale de commerce) is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered at CIBC Square in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario. T ...

economist Theodore Antony, former senior Queen's Park staffer Lara Coombs, former

Don Valley East Don Valley East (french: Don Valley-Est) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada that covers the northeast section of the North York part of Toronto. The federal riding was created in 1976 from parts of Willowdale, York East, Yor ...

Joe Daniel Joe Daniel (born December 5, 1954) is a former Canadian politician. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2011 to 2015 who represented the Toronto riding of Don Valley East. He was the first Canadian MP of Malayali ...

, and parental rights advocate John Himanen for the

nomination on March 8. Paranchothy previously ran for the party in

2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

Scarborough Southwest Scarborough Southwest is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. Geography It covers the southwestern part of the Scarboro ...

. Small business owner Gregory Hines defeated insurance broker Marco Coletta for the

nomination. Hines previously ran for the party in

Markham—Stouffville Markham—Stouffville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Markham—Unionville and Oak Ridges—Markham.; ; see also Statistics CanadaNational ...

. Independent candidate Above Znoneofthe is a resident of

Oshawa Oshawa ( , also ; 2021 population 175,383; CMA 415,311) is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario, approximately east of Downtown Toronto. It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of the G ...

, formerly named Sheldon Bergson, who legally changed his name in 2015 so that he could register as a "

none of the above "None of the above" (NOTA), or none for short, also known as "against all" or a "scratch" vote, is a ballot option in some jurisdictions or organizations, designed to allow the voter to indicate disapproval of the candidates in a voting system. ...

" protest candidate in the 2015 federal election; although he did not complete the process in time to register for that election, he first ran in the provincial

Whitby—Oshawa Whitby—Oshawa was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Following the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution, the bulk of the district became part ...

by-election of 2016. He has since registered as a candidate in several other provincial and federal by-elections. The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 6, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 17, 2017, and no later than August 5, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.

Saint-Laurent

The riding of Saint-Laurent was vacated on February 6, 2017, following the appointment of Liberal MP and former

Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

as Canada's Ambassador to the European Union and

. The riding (previously called Saint-Laurent—Cartierville) has been represented by Dion since

1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...

, and has been held by the Liberals since its creation in

1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...

. Candidates for the

nomination included former Nelligan MNA and provincial cabinet minister

Yolande James Yolande James (born November 21, 1977 in Montreal, Quebec) is a former Quebec provincial politician. She was the first black female MNA and the youngest, as well as the first black cabinet minister in Quebec history. A member of the Quebec Lib ...

, and tax law professor

Marwah Rizqy Marwah Rizqy is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election.2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

Liberal candidate in Hochelaga. Saint-Laurent Borough Mayor and

Montreal City Council The Montreal City Council (french: Conseil municipal de Montréal) is the governing body in the mayor–council government in the city of Montreal, Quebec. The head of the city government in Montreal is the mayor, who is first among equals in the ...

lor

Alan DeSousa Alan DeSousa (born 1959) is a city councillor from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is also the borough mayor of Saint-Laurent, and the former chairman of the Montreal Executive Committee. He is currently vice-chairman in charge of sustainable dev ...

intended to run for the nomination but was rejected by the party's nomination committee. In what was seen as a surprising result, both James and Rizqy were defeated for the Liberal nomination by local educator

Emmanuella Lambropoulos Emmanuella Lambropoulos (born September 12, 1990) is a Canadian politician serving as the Member of Parliament (Canada), Member of Parliament (MP) for Saint-Laurent (electoral district), Saint-Laurent since 2017.Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...

national councillor, was named the Conservative candidate on March 8. Yu previously ran for the party in the same riding in 2015. Conservative leadership candidate and venture capitalist Rick Peterson had expressed interest in running for the nomination, but declined on March 7. Mathieu Auclair was named the

New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; french: Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * t ...

's candidate. William Fayad was named the

Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (BQ; , "Québécois people, Quebecer Voting bloc, Bloc") is a list of federal political parties in Canada, federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty movement, Que ...

candidate. Deputy Leader Daniel Green was named the

Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...

candidate. The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 8, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 19, 2017, and no later than August 7, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.

October 23, 2017 by-elections

Sturgeon River—Parkland

The riding of

was vacated on July 4, 2017, due to the resignation of

whose term as interim

leader ended with the election of her successor on May 27, 2017."'It's been an amazing experience': Rona Ambrose set to leave federal politics"

CBC News CBC News is a division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca. ...

, May 15, 2017. Ambrose announced her decision to resign to the Conservative Party caucus on May 12, 2017, and her decision was made public on May 15. The suburban Edmonton riding was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Ambrose as its sole MP. It was created predominantly out of the former electoral district of

Edmonton—Spruce Grove Edmonton—Spruce Grove was a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. It was a suburban riding in Edmonton. The electoral district was c ...

– for which Ambrose was the MP since its inception at the 2004 federal election – as well as

Westlock—St. Paul Westlock—St. Paul (briefly known as Battle River) was a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. It included Westlock County, Sturgeon C ...

which was held only by Conservatives from its creation in 2004 until it was abolished in 2015, as well as a small portion from the Yellowhead constituency which has been Conservative since 2003, and was previously held successively by the Progressive Conservatives, Reform Party and

. Former parliamentary staffer

Dane Lloyd Dane Lloyd (born February 16, 1991) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on October 23, 2017, following the resignation of Rona Ambrose.2017 Conservative leadership contestant Rick Peterson, Ambrose constituency staffer Luke Inberg and former Prime Minister's Office staffer Jamie Mozeson for the

nomination. A rumoured candidate for the nomination was Garry Keller, who served as Ambrose's chief of staff. On August 25, Keller declared he would not run for the nomination. The nomination to choose a Conservative candidate was held over two days, September 23 and 24.

University of Alberta The University of Alberta, also known as U of A or UAlberta, is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford,"A Gentleman of Strathcona – Alexander Cameron Rutherfor ...

professor Brian Gold was acclaimed the

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

candidate. Gold previously ran for the party in

Edmonton Griesbach Edmonton Griesbach is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Alberta. Edmonton Griesbach was created by the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012, 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally d ...

. Medical laboratory technologist Shawna Gawreluck was selected as the

candidate. Educator Ernest Chauvet defeated businessman Kevin Schulthies for the Christian Heritage Party nomination on September 14. The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on July 4, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no sooner than August 21, 2017, and no later than December 31, 2017 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date). On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.

Lac-Saint-Jean

The riding of

was vacated on August 9, 2017, due to the resignation of former Conservative cabinet minister and deputy leader of the Conservative Party,

. Lebel announced his decision to resign on June 19, 2017, saying that his resignation would take effect prior to the beginning of the fall session of parliament. He had been an MP for 10 years, representing Lac-Saint-Jean since its creation in 2015 and the former riding of

Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean (formerly known as Roberval) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 until 2015. The riding was created in 1947 from parts of Lake St-John—Ro ...

from 2007 until 2015. What is now Lac-Saint-Jean was previously represented by the

from 1993 to 2007 and, provincially, three of the area's five seats are held by the

Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishin ...

, while the

was the runner-up in the riding in the past two elections. Former Roberval city councillor Rémy Leclerc was acclaimed as the

candidate on September 5. Saguenay Mayor

Jean Tremblay Jean Tremblay (born November 29, 1948) is a Canadian businessman and politician who was mayor of Saguenay, Quebec, Canada from 2002 to 2017. Before that he was mayor of Chicoutimi since 1996. Tremblay received international attention from his f ...

was speculated to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination, but did not run as the nomination took place before his term as mayor was completed in November 2017. Psychologist Gisèle Dallaire, the

's candidate in this riding in the 2015 election, was acclaimed as her party's candidate on September 25.

Dolbeau-Mistassini Dolbeau-Mistassini is a town in northern Quebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Mistassibi River, Riviere aux Rats and the Mistassini River, on Lac Saint-Jean. Dolbeau-Mistassini is in the Maria-Chapdelaine Regional County Municipality and is ...

Mayor

Richard Hébert Richard Hébert is a Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Lac-Saint-Jean in the House of Commons of Canada from his election in a 2017 by-election until his defeat in the 2019 federal election. He served ...

defeated former

Mashteuiatsh Mashteuiatsh is a First Nations reserve in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada, about north from the centre of Roberval. It is the home to the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation. It is located on a headland jutting out on the w ...

vice-chief Marjolaine Étienne for the

nomination on September 7. Desbiens Mayor Nicolas Martel toyed with seeking the Liberal nomination, but ended up declining. Union official Marc Maltais was named the

candidate on September 26. Bloc leader

Martine Ouellet Martine Ouellet (born April 8, 1969) is a Canadian politician who served as leader of the Bloc Québécois from 2017 to 2018. She was the Minister of Natural Resources in the Quebec government from 2012 to 2014. Ouellet was first elected to the ...

, who does not have a seat in the House of Commons, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election as she is not from the

Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (, ) is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching through much of the region. It is also known as Sagamie in French, from the first part of "Saguenay" and th ...

region. Pianist Yves Laporte was named the

candidate on September 28. The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on August 9, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no sooner than August 20, 2017, and no later than February 5, 2018 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date). On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.

December 11, 2017 by-elections

Writs were dropped on November 5, 2017, for four by-elections that were subsequently held on December 11, 2017:

Scarborough—Agincourt

A by-election was held in

as a result of the death of Liberal MP

from

nasopharyngeal cancer Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess ( fossa of Rosenmüller), accounting for 50% of cases. NPC occurs ...

on September 14, 2017. Chan was first elected in a 2014 by-election and was re-elected in the 2015 general election with 51.9% of the vote. The riding of Scarborough—Agincourt has been held by the Liberals since it was first created for the 1988 federal election with

Jim Karygiannis James Karygiannis ( ; el, Δημήτρης Καρύγιαννης, Dimítris Karýgiannis, ; born May 2, 1955) is a Canadian former politician. He formerly served in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal MP from 1988 to 2014, and as memb ...

serving as its MP until his retirement in 2014.

Jean Yip Jean Lee Yip (born 1968) is a Chinese Canadian politician born in Scarborough, Ontario, who was elected to the House of Commons in a by-election on December 11, 2017. She represents the electoral district of Scarborough—Agincourt as a membe ...

, Chan's widow, defeated Gordon Lam for the

nomination on November 12. Ward 39 ( Scarborough Agincourt – North) city councillor and former Scarborough—Agincourt MP

declined to run for the nomination, but threw his support to Yip. Investment banker Dasong Zou defeated the riding's

candidate in the 2008 federal election, physician Benson Lau for the Conservative nomination.

York Region District School Board The York Region District School Board (YRDSB) is the English-language public school board for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. The York Region District School Board is the province's third-largest school board after Toronto' ...

Trustee Allan Tam as well as former teacher and immigration officer Sarah Chung were both rejected by the party. Tam did not apply before the deadline and Chung was disqualified on two different occasions.

Scarborough Scarborough or Scarboro may refer to: People * Scarborough (surname) * Earl of Scarbrough Places Australia * Scarborough, Western Australia, suburb of Perth * Scarborough, New South Wales, suburb of Wollongong * Scarborough, Queensland, su ...

-born federal

leader and former GTA MPP

Jagmeet Singh Jagmeet Singh Jimmy Dhaliwal ( ; born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician who has served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) since 2017. Singh has sat as the member of Parliament (MP) for Burnaby South since 2019.House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election. On November 19, reporter Brian Chang was acclaimed the NDP candidate. Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run included

Scarborough Centre MPP

Brad Duguid Brad Duguid (born July 9, 1962) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2018 who represented the riding of Scarborough Centre in Toronto. He served as a cabinet min ...

Toronto City Council Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022. Structure The cur ...

staffer Nick Mantas, Ontario Progressive Conservative staffer Hratch Aynedijan, Ward 36 (

– South) city councillor and former provincial Progressive Conservative candidate Gary Crawford, and Liberal

MPP

Soo Wong Soo M. Wong (born ) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2018 who represented the riding of Scarborough—Agincourt in Toronto. Background Wong was born in Ho ...

. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 19, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than March 18, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

Bonavista—Burin—Trinity

The riding of

was vacated effective September 30, 2017, following the resignation of

Minister of Public Services and Procurement The minister of public services and procurement (french: ministre des services publics et de l’approvisionnement) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the Government of Canada's "common service ...

, from cabinet on August 24, 2017, and her resignation from parliament due to an illness in her family on September 30. Centreville-Wareham-Trinity Mayor and former president of the Federation of Municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador

Churence Rogers Churence Rogers (born June 3, 1953) is a Canadian politician from Newfoundland and Labrador, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on December 11, 2017. He represents the electoral district of Bonavista—Burin— ...

defeated comedian Pete Soucy, provincial and federal Liberal party organizer Larry Guinchard,

RCMP The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; french: Gendarmerie royale du Canada; french: GRC, label=none), commonly known in English as the Mounties (and colloquially in French as ) is the federal and national police service of Canada. As poli ...

officer Dale Foote, and North Harbour farmer, former search and rescue coordinator, and 2008 Conservative Party candidate in

St. John's South—Mount Pearl St. John's South—Mount Pearl (french: St. John's-Sud—Mount Pearl; formerly St. John's South) is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons ...

Merv Wiseman for the

nomination. Teacher and

guidance counselor A school counselor is a professional who works in primary (elementary and middle) schools or secondary schools to provide academic, career, college access/affordability/admission, and social-emotional competencies to all students through a school ...

Mike Windsor was named the

candidate. Windsor previously ran for the party in

in the riding. Tyler James Downey was named the

candidate. Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run included former Progressive Conservative MHA

Darin King Darin King (born August 17, 1966) is a former Canadian politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He served as the Minister of Business, Tourism, Culture and Rural Development as well as the Minister of Justice and Public Safety in the p ...

and current

MHAs

Steve Crocker Stephen D. Crocker (born October 15, 1944) is the inventor of the Request for Comments series, authoring the first RFC and many more. He attended Van Nuys High School, as did Vint Cerf and Jon Postel. Crocker received his bachelor's degree (196 ...

Carol Anne Haley Carol Anne Haley (born 27 January 1972) is a Canadian politician, who represented the district of Burin-Grand Bank in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2015 until 2021. Haley was elected in the 2015 provincial election.

, and

Dale Kirby Dale Kirby (born May 19, 1971) is a politician who served in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2011 to 2019. He served as Minister of Education and Early Childhood Development in the Ball government from 2015 to 2018. Early l ...

. On September 22, 2017, MHA Mark Browne announced he would not be seeking the nomination. Lawyer Stacy MacDonald initially sought the Liberal nomination but withdrew on September 28. In the 2015 federal election, Foote won the newly created riding with 81% of the vote, the highest percentage of vote taken by a candidate nationally in that election. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

South Surrey—White Rock

The riding of

was vacated on September 30, 2017, after Conservative MP

announced on September 24, 2017, that she would be resigning her seat to enter provincial politics and seek the

of the

. Former federal cabinet minister and

Delta—Richmond East Delta—Richmond East was a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2013. Geography It was located in the Metro Vancouver, and consisted of: * ...

Kerry-Lynne Findlay Kerry-Lynne D. Findlay (born 12 January 1955) is a Canadian politician, who was elected as the MP for South Surrey—White Rock in the 2019 federal election. She previously sat in the House of Commons of Canada from the 2011 Canadian federal el ...

defeated

Fraser Institute The Fraser Institute is a libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity. The institute describes itself as independent and non-partisan. It is headquartered in Vancouver, with additional offices in Calgary, Tor ...

policy analyst and former

BC Liberal The British Columbia Liberal Party, often shortened to the BC Liberals, is a centre-right provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. The party currently forms the Official Opposition. Subsequent to the 2020 British Columbia general ...

staffer David Hunt and police officer Bryan Tepper for the

nomination. Former White Rock Mayor and

Surrey-White Rock Surrey-White Rock is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. During the 2008 re-distribution of riding boundaries, Surrey-White Rock kept the majority of its existing region. Demographics ...

MLA

Gordie Hogg Gordon "Gordie" Hogg (born August 24, 1946) is a Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament for South Surrey—White Rock in the House of Commons of Canada from December 11, 2017 until October 21, 2019, as a member of the Liber ...

was acclaimed as the

candidate. A rumoured candidate for the nomination was Judith Higginbotham, a former Surrey city councillor and the riding's Liberal candidate in the 2015 federal election. Mortgage broker Jonathan Silveira was acclaimed the

candidate on November 19. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

Battlefords—Lloydminster

On August 30, 2017, it was reported that

had asked not to be included in the reshuffled Conservative shadow cabinet. Ritz confirmed the next day that he would resign from parliament. The seat was vacated on October 2, 2017. Ritz had been Battlefords—Lloydminster's only Member of Parliament, holding the riding since its creation for the 1997 election, first as a

Reform Party of Canada The Reform Party of Canada (french: Parti réformiste du Canada) was a right-wing populist and conservative federal political party in Canada that existed under that name from 1987 to 2000. Reform was founded as a Western Canada-based protes ...

MP, then on behalf of the

and since 2003 as a Conservative. He served as

Agriculture Minister An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...

's cabinet from 2007 to 2015. Former parliamentary staffer

Rosemarie Falk Rosemarie Ashley Falk is a Canadians, Canadian politician from Saskatchewan, who has represented the riding of Battlefords—Lloydminster in the House of Commons of Canada since a 2017 Battlefords—Lloydminster federal by-election, by-election v ...

defeated Langham Mayor John Hildebrand, small business owner Aron Klassen,

Kindersley Kindersley is a town surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Kindersley No. 290 in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located along Highway 7, a primary highway linking Calgary, Alberta and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. At a population of 4,597 ...

CAO Cao or CAO may refer to: Mythology *Cao (bull), a legendary bull in Meitei mythology Companies or organizations * Air China Cargo, ICAO airline designator CAO *CA Oradea, Romanian football club *CA Osasuna, Spanish football club *Canadian Assoc ...

Bernie Morton, and farmer Richard Nelson to win the

nomination. Meadow Lake MLA and former

Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River (french: Desnethé—Missinippi—Rivière Churchill; formerly known as Churchill River) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canad ...

Jeremy Harrison Jeremy Harrison (born January 29, 1978) is a Canadian provincial politician who is currently a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, representing the riding of Meadow Lake. Harrison is also the former Canadian Member of Parliamen ...

was rumoured to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination, but did not make his intentions known before the cut-off date to join the race.

Rodeo Rodeo () is a competitive equestrian sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain and Mexico, expanding throughout the Americas and to other nations. It was originally based on the skills required of the working va ...

cowboy and rancher Ken Finlayson's bid for the Conservative nomination was rejected by the party over concern that he was not a "team player". Finlayson ran as an independent. Professional

MMA Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on strike (attack), striking, grappling and ground f ...

fighter and athlete Matt Fedler was named the

candidate.

Contractor A contractor is a person or company that performs work on a contract basis. The term may refer to: Business roles * Defense contractor, arms industry which provides weapons or military goods to a government * General contractor, an individual o ...

and former RM of Mervin councillor Larry Ingram was acclaimed as the

candidate. Ingram previously ran for the party in Battlefords—Lloydminster in

. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

June 18, 2018 by-election

Chicoutimi—Le Fjord

A by-election was held in

following the announcement by Liberal MP

on November 6, 2017, that he would be resigning his seat for family reasons; his resignation took effect on December 1, 2017. Lemieux was first elected in the 2015 federal election with 31.1% of the vote, narrowly defeating NDP incumbent

Dany Morin Dany Morin (born December 19, 1985) is a Canadian businessman and former politician, who served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2011 to 2015. He represented the electoral district of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord as a member of the New Democrat ...

. Port Saguenay board member Lina Boivin, who was endorsed by Lemieux, defeated former Saint-Charles de Bourget mayor Michel Ringuette for the

nomination, held in May 2018. A rumoured candidate for the Liberal nomination was former

Paralympic The Paralympic Games or Paralympics, also known as the ''Games of the Paralympiad'', is a periodic series of international multisport events involving athletes with a range of physical disabilities, including impaired muscle power and impaire ...

athlete and head of university sport at UQAC, Philippe Gagnon. Former municipal councillor and former Quebec Liberal MNA candidate Joan Simard, local businessman Simon-Pierre Murdock, who later endorsed Boivin, and Chicoutimi-Nord Municipal Councillor Marc Pettersen declined to run for the nomination. "Promotion Saguenay" Director of Industrial Development and Corporate Affairs Claude Bouchard had his candidacy rejected by the federal Liberal party. Éric Dubois, a union advisor at the

CSN ''CSN'' may refer to: Companies * CSN Stores, former name of Wayfair, American e-commerce company * CSN International (Christian Satellite Network), religious radio broadcaster based on radio station KAWZ in Twin Falls, Idaho * ''Centrala Studies ...

and former federal

candidate, was acclaimed as the NDP candidate on January 22, 2018. Dany Morin and former Ontario MPP and federal NDP leader

Jagmeet Singh Jagmeet Singh Jimmy Dhaliwal ( ; born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician who has served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) since 2017. Singh has sat as the member of Parliament (MP) for Burnaby South since 2019.Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (BQ; , "Québécois people, Quebecer Voting bloc, Bloc") is a list of federal political parties in Canada, federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty movement, Que ...

on May 18, 2018. Former Dubuc PQ MNA

Jean-Marie Claveau Jean-Marie Claveau was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Dubuc, first elected in the 2012 election This national electoral calendar for 2012 lists the national/ federal elections hel ...

and teacher Valérie Tremblay were rumoured to be interested in running for the Bloc Québécois nomination. Former Chicoutimi—Le Fjord BQ MP

Robert Bouchard Robert Bouchard (born March 30, 1943) is a Canadian politician. Born in Saint-Émond, Quebec, Bouchard represented the riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (formerly known as Chicoutimi) is a federal electoral district in Q ...

, Saguenay firefighter Mario Gagnon, and UQAC political science professor Michel Roche declined to run for the nomination. Two-time

Ron Lapointe Trophy The Ron Lapointe Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (french: Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec; abbreviated ''QMJHL'' in English, ''LHJMQ'' in French) is one of the thr ...

winning

QMJHL The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (french: Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec; abbreviated ''QMJHL'' in English, ''LHJMQ'' in French) is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues that constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The l ...

coach

Richard Martel Richard Martel (born March 23, 1961) is a Canadian politician and former ice hockey coach. He last coached the Grenoble Brûleurs de Loups in the French Ligue Magnus. Martel was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on ...

was named the

candidate on December 20, 2017. Lynda Youde was acclaimed as the candidate for the

on May 22, 2018. The short-lived « Groupe parlementaire québécois » / « Québec debout », formed by seven Members of Parliament after they left the Bloc Québécois, considered nominating a candidate but failed to do so. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on December 4, 2017; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than June 2, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

. On May 13, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for June 18, 2018.

December 3, 2018 by-election

Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes

The seat for the electoral district of

has been vacant since May 2, 2018 when Conservative MP

died of a

in his

office in

Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...

. Colin Brown, Brown's nephew, announced his candidacy for the

nomination and was quickly endorsed by

Doug Ford Douglas Robert Ford Jr. (born November 20, 1964) is a Canadian politician and businessman who has served as the 26th and current premier of Ontario since June 2018 and leader of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party since March 2018. He ...

. In addition,

Edwardsburgh/Cardinal Edwardsburgh/Cardinal is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville of eastern Ontario, Canada. Edwardsburgh township was first surveyed in 1783, and incorporated in 1850. The township was part of the historical Grenville County be ...

town councillor and federal

president Michael Barrett, government-relations specialist Stephanie Mitton, and Anne Johnston, a former aide to

MPP

Steve Clark ''yes'Steve is a masculine given name, usually a short form (hypocorism) of Steven or Stephen Notable people with the name include: steve jops * Steve Abbott (disambiguation), several people * Steve Adams (disambiguation), several people * Steve ...

also ran for the Conservative nomination. Former

Canadian Senator The Senate of Canada (french: region=CA, Sénat du Canada) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the House of Commons, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada. The Senate is modelled after the Bri ...

and interim

Leader of the Opposition The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically se ...

in the

Ontario Legislature The Legislative Assembly of Ontario (OLA, french: Assemblée législative de l'Ontario) is the legislative chamber of the Canadian province of Ontario. Its elected members are known as Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Bills passed by ...

Bob Runciman Robert William "Bob" Runciman (born August 10, 1942) is a veteran Canadian politician and former provincial Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature. First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1981, he held the seat cont ...

was rumoured to be interested in seeking the Conservative nomination for the by-election but decided against it after his wife encountered some health issues. Barrett won the nomination at a local party convention at the Brockville Memorial Centre on August 11 in a contest that ran to a fourth ballot.

Liberal candidate Mary Jean McFall – a lawyer, former

Brockville Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, it is politically Independent city, independent of the county. It i ...

city councillor and immediate former Chief of Staff to Agriculture Minister

Lawrence MacAulay Lawrence A. MacAulay (born September 9, 1946) is a Canadian politician, who has represented the riding of Cardigan, Prince Edward Island in the House of Commons since 1988. On June 11, 1997, he joined the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean Chrét ...

– won the

nomination for this by-election unopposed. Michelle Taylor is the

candidate; Taylor ran for the

Ontario NDP The Ontario New Democratic Party (french: link=no, Nouveau Parti démocratique de l'Ontario; abbr. ONDP or NDP) is a social-democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. The party currently forms the Official Opposition in Ontario following th ...

in the 2018 provincial election. Lorraine Rekmans, the Green candidate for this riding in

, will again run for the party. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on May 3, 2018; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than October 30, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

. On October 28, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for December 3, 2018.

February 25, 2019 by-elections

Outremont

Burnaby South

NDP MP Kennedy Stewart announced at a press conference at Vancouver's

Harbour Centre __NOTOC__ Harbour Centre is a skyscraper in the central business district of Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada which opened in 1977. The "Lookout" tower atop the office building makes it one of the tallest structures in Vancouver an ...

on May 10, 2018, that he would be resigning his seat of

during parliament's summer recess to run as an

independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independ ...

candidate for

in the 2018 municipal election (since the incumbent mayor, Gregor Robertson, is not seeking another term). On August 2, Stewart publicly released his letter to the Speaker of House,

Geoff Regan Geoffrey Paul Regan (born 22 November 1959) is a former Canadian politician who served as the 36th Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from 2015 to 2019. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for H ...

, confirming his resignation, effective September 14, 2018. At the May 10 press conference, Stewart expressed support for former Ontario MPP and federal

leader

Jagmeet Singh Jagmeet Singh Jimmy Dhaliwal ( ; born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician who has served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) since 2017. Singh has sat as the member of Parliament (MP) for Burnaby South since 2019.2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

candidate Adam Pankratz, a commercial banker with a local

credit union A credit union, a type of financial institution similar to a commercial bank, is a member-owned nonprofit organization, nonprofit financial cooperative. Credit unions generally provide services to members similar to retail banks, including depo ...

, stated that he was undecided, but ultimately decided against running again. Biotechnology scientist Cyrus Eduljee and multiple daycare centre owner and operator Karen Wang both sought the Liberal nomination. On December 29, 2018, Wang won the Liberal Party nomination. Wang resigned as the Liberal candidate on January 16, 2019 after it was reported that she had posted racist comments on the Chinese-language social media platform

WeChat WeChat () is a Chinese instant messaging, social media, and mobile payment app developed by Tencent. First released in 2011, it became the world's largest standalone mobile app in 2018, with over 1 billion monthly active users. WeChat has bee ...

encouraging voters to vote for her as the "only Chinese candidate" while singling out Singh as being of "Indian descent." Former

Burnaby North Burnaby North is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. History MLAs Election results , - , - , - , NDP , Pietro Calendino , align="right", 5,992 , align="right", 29. ...

MLA Richard Lee was named by the Liberals as their candidate on January 19.

Corporate lawyer A corporate lawyer or corporate counsel is a type of lawyer who specializes in corporate law. Corporate lawyers working inside and for corporations are called in-house counsel. Roles and responsibilities The role of a corporate lawyer is to ...

Jay Shin is the

candidate. On August 16, the

announced that they would not run a candidate in the by-election as a courtesy to Singh. The People's Party announced Laura-Lynn Tyler Thompson as their candidate. Rex Brocki was announced as the candidate of the

Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...

, but he did not register. Valentine Wu has announced his intention of running as an independent candidate. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 17, 2018; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than March 18, 2019, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

. The by-election was called on January 9, 2019 to be held on February 25, 2019.

York—Simcoe

May 6, 2019 by-election

Nanaimo—Ladysmith

NDP MP

, first elected in

, resigned her seat of

, effective January 2, 2019, to enter provincial politics as a by-election candidate for the

British Columbia New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) is a social-democratic provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. As of 2017, it governs the province. It is the British Columbia provincial arm of the federal New Democrati ...

in the riding of

Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "H ...

following the resignation of MLA

Leonard Krog Leonard Eugene Krog is a Canadian politician and lawyer in British Columbia, who currently serves as Mayor of Nanaimo. Prior to his tenure as mayor, Krog served in the provincial legislature, and was first elected in the 1991 general election r ...

. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on January 7, 2019; under the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' the writ for a by-election has to be dropped no later than July 6, 2019, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the

. On March 24, 2019 the Prime Minister announced the by-election for May 6, 2019. The

candidate was selected at a nomination meeting on March 30, 2019. Candidates for the nomination were Kwikwasutʼinuxw Haxwaʼmis First Nation chief and

Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs The Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs (UBCIC) is a First Nations political organization founded in 1969 in response to Jean Chrétien's White Paper proposal to assimilate Status Indians and disband the Department of Indian Affairs. Sin ...

vice-president Bob Chamberlin, consultant Maeve O'Byrne, activist Lauren Semple, and outreach worker Fred Statham. Bob Chamberlin won the nomination. The

announced Michelle Corfield as their candidate on March 16, 2019. John Hirst won the

nomination on November 17, 2018. Hirst defeated Jennifer Clarke, who subsequently won the nomination for the

People's Party of Canada The People's Party of Canada (french: Parti populaire du Canada, PPC) is a right-wing populist federal political party in Canada. The party was formed by Maxime Bernier in September 2018, shortly after his resignation from the Conservative Pa ...

. Paul Manly was acclaimed as the candidate of the

in January 2019. Manly was the Green candidate in this riding in the 2015 election, winning almost 20% of the vote in one of the party's best performances nationally. The

National Citizens Alliance The National Citizens Alliance (french: Alliance National des Citoyens) is a minor federal political party in Canada. It is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, and led by perennial candidate Stephen Garvey, a proponent of far-right conspiracy ...

ran Jakob Letkemann in the by-election. The

Progressive Canadian Party The Progressive Canadian Party (PC Party) (french: Parti progressiste canadien) was a minor centre-right federal political party in Canada. It was registered with Elections Canada, the government's election agency, on March 29, 2004. Under prov ...

ran Brian Marlatt in the by-election.

Other vacancies

Under an amendment to the ''Parliament of Canada Act'' which came into force on January 19, 2019, no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under the ''Canada Elections Act'' for the holding of a general election. This amendment means that any seats becoming vacant after January 21, 2019, would remain vacant until the general election of October 21, 2019.

Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel

, Liberal MP for

, announced his plan to leave politics for unspecified family reasons on April 25, 2018. His stated intent was to resign during the summer of 2018, but he rescinded his resignation after the Liberal Party denied his request to personally appoint the party's candidate for the ensuing by-election. After facing criticism for his absence from parliament, he again announced his intention to resign, this time effective January 22, 2019. However, Di Iorio missed the deadline he set for himself and did not submit his resignation for another week, on January 29. As Di Iorio's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.

Kings—Hants

Liberal MP

Scott Brison Scott A. Brison (born May 10, 1967) is a Canadian former politician from Nova Scotia. Brison served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Kings-Hants from the 1997 federal election until July 2000, then from November 2000 to Febru ...

resigned from cabinet in January 2019 and as MP for

Kings—Hants Kings—Hants (formerly Annapolis Valley—Hants and Annapolis Valley) is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. Demographics :''According to the Canada 2 ...

effective February 10, 2019. As Brison's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.

Langley—Aldergrove

Conservative MP

Mark Warawa Mark Warawa (May 7, 1950 – June 20, 2019) was a Canadian politician. Formerly a businessman and loss prevention officer as well as a city councillor in Abbotsford, British Columbia from 1990 to 2004, Warawa was the Member of Parliament for La ...

(

Langley—Aldergrove Langley—Aldergrove is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. It encompasses a portion of British Columbia previously included in the electoral districts of Langley and Abbotsford. Langley—Aldergrove was created by the 2012 fed ...

) died of cancer on June 20, 2019. As Warawa's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

Calgary Forest Lawn

Conservative MP

Deepak Obhrai Deepak Obhrai (July 5, 1950 – August 2, 2019) was a Tanzania-born Canadian politician, representing the riding of Calgary East (until 2015) and Forest Lawn (from 2015) for the Reform Party of Canada and then the Conservative Party of Canada ...

(

Calgary Forest Lawn Calgary Forest Lawn is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. Calgary Forest Lawn was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was de ...

) died of liver cancer on August 2, 2019. As Obhrai's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:By-Elections To The 42nd Canadian Parliament 2016 elections in Canada 2017 elections in Canada 2018 elections in Canada 2019 elections in Canada 42n 42nd Canadian Parliament