West side of Manhattan from Hudson Commons (95103p)

A central business district (CBD) is the commercial and business centre of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a financial district. Geographically, it often coincides with the "

city centre A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...

" or "

downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business distric ...

". However, these concepts are not necessarily synonymous: many cities have a central ''business'' district located away from its commercial and or cultural centre and or downtown/city centre, and there may be multiple CBDs within a single urban area. The CBD will often be characterised by a high degree of accessibility as well as a large variety and concentration of specialised goods and services compared to other parts of the city. For instance,

Midtown Manhattan Midtown Manhattan is the central portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan and serves as the city's primary central business district. Midtown is home to some of the city's most prominent buildings, including the Empire State Buildin ...

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

, is the largest central business district in the city and in the United States.

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

's city centre is usually regarded as encompassing the historic

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London fr ...

and the medieval

City of Westminster The City of Westminster is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and London boroughs, borough in Inner London. It is the site of the United Kingdom's Houses of Parliament and much of the British government. It occupies a large area of cent ...

, while the

and the transformed Docklands area containing

Canary Wharf Canary Wharf is an area of London, England, located near the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Canary Wharf is defined by the Greater London Authority as being part of London's central business district, alongside Central Lo ...

are regarded as their two respective CBDs. In

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

, the Chicago Loop is the second-largest central business district in the United States. It is also referred to as the core of the city's downtown.

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...

also has its own historic city centre, the colonial-era "Centro Histórico," along with two CBDs: the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma – Polanco, and the new Santa Fe, respectively.

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

's largest central business district is the

Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center (MIBC), also known as Moscow-City, is an under-construction commercial development in Moscow, the capital of Russia. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares, and is located just east of the Third ...

. The shape and type of a CBD almost always closely reflect the city's history. Cities with strong

preservation Preservation may refer to: Heritage and conservation * Preservation (library and archival science), activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record while making as few changes as possible * ''Preservation'' (magazine), published by the Nat ...

laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core will have a CBD quite a distance from the city centre. This practice is quite common for European cities such as

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

. In cities in the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

that grew quickly after the invention of modern transportation such as

road A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation. There are many types of ...

or rail, a single central area or downtown will often contain most of the region's tallest buildings and act both as the CBD and the commercial and cultural city centre. Increasing

urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly t ...

in the 21st century have developed

megacities A megacity is a very large city, typically with a population of more than 10 million people. Precise definitions vary: the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in its 2018 "World Urbanization Prospects" report counted urban ...

, particularly in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, that will often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area. It has been said that downtowns (as understood in North America) are therefore conceptually distinct from both CBDs and city centres. Although no two CBDs look alike in terms of their spatial shape, however, certain geometric patterns in these areas are recurring throughout many cities due to the nature of a

centralized Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, framing strategy and policies become concentrated within a particu ...

commercial and industrial activities.

Australia

Melbourne and Sydney, Australia's two most populated cities, both have large CBDs. File:Sydney City Business District.jpg,

Sydney central business district The Sydney central business district (CBD) is the historical and main Central business district, commercial centre of Sydney. The CBD is Sydney's city centre, or Sydney City, and the two terms are used interchangeably. Colloquially, the CBD or c ...

File:Melbourne skyline - cropped and contrast.jpg, Melbourne central business district File:Skylines of Brisbane CBD in June 2019 seen from Paddington, Queensland (cut).jpg, Brisbane central business district File:Perth (AU), View from Kings Park -- 2019 -- 0435-42.jpg,

Perth central business district Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is p ...

File:Adelaide city centre view.jpg,

Adelaide central business district Adelaide city centre (Kaurna: Tarndanya) is the inner city locality of Greater Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaide and from the City of Ade ...

File:City landscape of Darwin, Northern Territory.jpg,

Darwin central business district Darwin City (referred to as ''Darwin city centre'' or ''The CBD'' (Central Business District) is a suburb in Darwin, Northern Territory, metropolitan Darwin which comprises the original settlement, the central business district, parkland and ot ...

Brazil

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...

is a multipolar city, with several business districts.

Avenida Faria Lima Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima (in English: ''Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue''), most commonly known as just ''Faria Lima'', is an important avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It spans the upscale Pinheiros, Jardim Paulistano, Itaim Bibi and ...

and the neighboring districts, Itaim Bibi and

Vila Olímpia The Vila Olímpia (in English ''Olympia Village'') is an upper-class neighborhood in the city of Sao Paulo, capital of the state of Sao Paulo, in the district of Itaim Bibi. Vila Olímpia is home to the Brazilian offices of several multinational c ...

, now concentrate a large part of the financial activities in São Paulo and in Brazil. Avenida Paulista and nearby streets is a well-established financial centre that has several banking offices and corporate headquarters, as well as hospitals. The region comprising Avenidas Berrini, Doutor Chucri Zaidan, and Nações Unidas, the city's newest commercial district, has offices of multinational companies and also commercial services. In

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, Brazil's second largest city, the main business district still is in downtown, where

Petrobrás Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by the portmanteau Petrobras (), is a state-owned Brazilian multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petrole ...

and Vale headquarters are located, but there is a concentration of business in

Botafogo Botafogo (local/standard alternative Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a beachfront neighborhood (''bairro'') in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a mostly upper middle class and small commerce community, and is located between the hills of M ...

harbor and in Barra da Tijuca, a newer Rio de Janeiro suburb located in city's west region.

Colombia

The largest CBD in Colombia is Bogotá's ''Centro Internacional'', where some of the tallest buildings in South America have been repurposed as national headquarters for Scotiabank Colpatria, Davivienda and Bancolombia, among others. Over the years, Bogotá has developed minor business districts, which include ''Avenida Chile'', ''Ciudad Salitre'', with companies like

Avianca Avianca S.A. (acronym in Spanish for ''Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A.'', "Airways of the American Continent") is a Colombian airline. It has been the flag carrier of Colombia since December 5, 1919, when it was initially registered under ...

Rappi Rappi is a Colombian multivertical company headquartered in Bogotá, Colombia, and with main offices in São Paulo and Mexico City. It was founded in 2015 by Simón Borrero, Sebastian Mejía, Felipe Villamarín and Guillermo Plaza. History Ra ...

Johnson & Johnson Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is an American multinational corporation founded in 1886 that develops medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and consumer packaged goods. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the company i ...

Terpel Terpel, formerly known as Organización Terpel S.A. ( en, Terpel Organization), is a Colombian oil and gas company. Company history Terpel was founded in 1968 to help ease the shortage of gasoline in Santander. The Terpel Bucaramanga Company was ...

Hilton Hilton or Hylton may refer to: Companies * Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc., a global hospitality company based in the United States that owns several hotel chains and subsidiary companies containing the Hilton name ** Hilton Hotels & Resorts, fla ...

Hyatt Hyatt Hotels Corporation, commonly known as Hyatt Hotels & Resorts, is an American multinational hospitality company headquartered in the Riverside Plaza area of Chicago that manages and franchises luxury and business hotels, resorts, and vacat ...

Marriott Marriott may refer to: People *Marriott (surname) Corporations * Marriott Corporation, founded as Hot Shoppes, Inc. in 1927; split into Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation in 1993 * Marriott International, international hotel ...

, Sheraton,

Ramada Ramada is a large American multinational hotel chain owned by Wyndham Hotels and Resorts. As of December 31, 2018, it operates 811 hotels with 114,614 rooms across 63 countries under the Ramada brand. Name The ''Ramada'' name derives from t ...

City Express City Express (french: Cité Express), also known as Air Atonabee Ltd., was an airline based in Ontario, Canada, from 1971 to 1991, which operated passenger services in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. History City Express wa ...

Aloft This list of ship directions provides succinct definitions for terms applying to spatial orientation in a marine environment or location on a vessel, such as ''fore'', ''aft'', ''astern'', ''aboard'', or ''topside''. Terms * Abaft (preposition ...

and Novotel; or ''Complejo Santa Bárbara'', the last of which features the only W Hotel in the city. Colombia's other notable CBDs include ''Parque Berrío'' in

Medellín Medellín ( or ), officially the Municipality of Medellín ( es, Municipio de Medellín), is the second-largest city in Colombia, after Bogotá, and the capital of the department of Antioquia. It is located in the Aburrá Valley, a central re ...

, ''

Bocagrande Bocagrande is a neighbourhood in the city of Cartagena de Indias in Bolívar, Colombia. It was designed with first-world standards, such as residential areas of restricted access, and a separate plant for processing waste water. Economy and cu ...

'' in Cartagena (the largest touristic CBD in the country) and ''Paseo de Bolívar'' in

Barranquilla Barranquilla () is the capital district of Atlántico Department in Colombia. It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and third port in the Caribbean Coast region; as of 2018 it had a population of 1,206,319, making it Col ...

. File:Baluarte de Santiago CTG 11 2019 2137.jpg, ''

'' in Cartagena, the largest CBD in Colombia's Caribbean Region File:Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria.JPG, ''Parque Berrío'' in

, the second largest CBD in Colombia File:Torre de Cali (1).JPG, '' Cali's Downtown'' it is the largest CBD in Colombia's Pacific Region File:Edificio North Point Bogotá , Cund.jpeg, '' North Point'' CBD in

Bogotá Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city of Colombia, and one of the larges ...

, the third largest in the city. File:Grand Bay Club.jpg, ''Grand Bay Club'' in

, the second largest CBD in the city

France

La Défense La Défense () is a major business district in France, located west of the city limits of Paris. It is part of the Paris metropolitan area in the Île-de-France region, located in the department of Hauts-de-Seine in the communes of Courbevoie, ...

, west of

, is

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

's largest central business district. La Défense was in 2017 ranked as the leading CBD in continental Europe, and the fourth in the world. La Défense hosts 19 of the world's biggest 500 companies, whilst the

Paris region Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

as a whole hosts 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, establishing itself as the first city in Europe (and 3rd worldwide) for the number of companies classified in ''

Fortune Fortune may refer to: General * Fortuna or Fortune, the Roman goddess of luck * Luck * Wealth * Fortune, a prediction made in fortune-telling * Fortune, in a fortune cookie Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''The Fortune'' (1931 film) ...

'' Fortune Global 500. La Défense vue depuis la Tour Eiffel

Germany

Frankfurt Am Main-Stadtansicht von der Deutschherrnbruecke zu Beginn der Abenddaemmerung

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, the terms ''Innenstadt'' and ''Stadtzentrum'' may be used to describe the central business district. Both terms can be literally translated as " inner city"/"city centre". Some of the larger cities have more than one central business district. For example,

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

alone has three. Due to Berlin's history of division during the

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

, the city contains central business districts both in West ( Kurfürstendamm) and East Berlin (

Alexanderplatz () ( en, Alexander Square) is a large public square and transport hub in the central Mitte district of Berlin. The square is named after the Russian Tsar Alexander I, which also denotes the larger neighbourhood stretching from in the nort ...

), as well as a newly built business district near the

Potsdamer Platz Potsdamer Platz (, ''Potsdam Square'') is a public square and traffic intersection in the center of Berlin, Germany, lying about south of the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag (German Parliament Building), and close to the southeast corne ...

. The city's historic centre – home to the

Reichstag building The Reichstag (, ; officially: – ; en, Parliament) is a historic government building in Berlin which houses the Bundestag, the lower house of Germany's parliament. It was constructed to house the Imperial Diet (german: Reichstag) of the ...

, as well as the

Brandenburg gate The Brandenburg Gate (german: Brandenburger Tor ) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after restoring the Orangist power by suppressing the Dutch popular unrest. One ...

and most federal ministries – was largely abandoned when the

Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (german: Berliner Mauer, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and East Germany (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government ...

cut through the area. Only after the reunification with the redevelopment of

, and the construction of numerous shopping centres, government ministries, embassies, office buildings and entertainment venues, was the area revived. In

Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , "Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its na ...

's city centre, there is a business district called the " Bankenviertel." In

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in th ...

, there is a business district which is located around the famous High-Street Königsallee with banks, shops and offices.

India

File:Skyscrapers connaught place New Delhi.JPG, Connaught Place,

New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...

File:Mumbai skyline.jpg, Nariman Point,

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

File:Gomti nagar, Lucknow.jpg, Gomti Nagar,

Lucknow Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division ...

India's largest and famous CBD is The Bandra Kurla Complex in

. And in the same city

itself there is Nariman Point, which is another CBD including

andheri Andheri ( �n̪d̪ʱeɾiː is a locality in the western part of the city of Mumbai in India. Udayanagari, the name of a hill near the Mahakali caves, inspired the name Andheri. On the former islet of Versova, also known as Vasave, there was ano ...

and

Parel Parel (ISO: Paraḷ, pronunciation: əɾəɭ is a neighbourhood of Mumbai. Parel used to have a number of textile mills, but these have been replaced by commercial office space development. History Originally, Parel was a separate island, ...

. In

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

CBDs are often also referred as "City Centre" or elsewhere "Downtown". In

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

Connaught Place is the CBD of the city.

Parry's Corner George Town is a neighbourhood in Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. It is near the Fort Saint George, Chennai. It is also known as Muthialpet and Parry's corner. It is an historical area of Chennai city from where its expansion beg ...

and Nungambakkam are among the main CBDs of

Chennai Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

. Bangalore has the four famous business district which are

UB City UB City is a luxury business district in Bengaluru, India. It consists of 6 blocks, UB Tower, Kingfisher Plaza, Concorde, Canberra, Comet, and Kingfisher Towers, with a total built up area of over 16 lakh sq ft. Pioneered by the UB Group in Join ...

, Brigade Gateway, Koramangala,

Indiranagar Indiranagar is a medium-sized neighbourhood in east Bangalore, Karnataka, India. A cosmopolitan locality, Indiranagar is one of the most expensive neighbourhoods in Bangalore. History Indiranagar was formed as a BDA layout in the late 1970s, ...

and

Electronic City Electronic City is an information technology hub in Bangalore, India, located in Anekal taluk. It is one of India's largest electronic/IT industrial parks, spread over 800 acres (3.2 km²) in Konappana Agrahara and Doddathogur villages. ...

has mainly 3 business district which includes the famous Hazratganj Market, Gomti Nagar Extension (the extented area of Gomti Nagar) and Aminabad in old Lucknow. Hyderabad and

Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...

also have many central business districts.

Indonesia

The largest CBD in Indonesia is known as the

Golden Triangle Golden Triangle may refer to: Places Asia * Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia), named for its opium production * Golden Triangle (Yangtze), China, named for its rapid economic development * Golden Triangle (India), comprising the popular tourist ...

(''Segitiga Emas'' in

Indonesian language Indonesian ( ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has be ...

) in

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

. The area is located along the main avenues of Jakarta,

Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Jalan Jenderal Sudirman or Jalan Sudirman (Sudirman Road) is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. Named after Indonesian national hero Sudirman, the road runs from Patung Pemuda Membangun at the south end to the bridge of the West Flood Can ...

–

Jalan M.H. Thamrin Jalan M.H. Thamrin or Jalan Thamrin (M.H. Thamrin Road or Thamrin Road) is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road is located at the center of Jakarta, running from the north end of Jalan Jenderal Sudirman at West Flood Canal at the ...

Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said or Jalan Rasuna Said is one of the main avenues of Jakarta, Indonesia. It was constructed during the 1970s. It is located in the Golden Triangle of Jakarta. The road was named after Rasuna Said, Hajjah Rangkayo Rasuna Said, ...

–

Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio or ''Jalan Satrio'' is one of main streets of Jakarta, Indonesia. The road has many important commercial buildings and shopping centers. It is named after former Minister for Health of Indonesia, Major General (Ret.) Prof ...

–

Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto (Gatot Subroto Avenue) is one of the major road in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road starts from Dirgantara statue in South Jakarta, which crosses 14 administrative villages and ends at Slipi, Central Jakarta. The road is ...

Sudirman Central Business District Sudirman Central Business District or SCBD is a business district with an integrated mixed use development concept, located in South Jakarta, Indonesia, consisting of condominiums, office buildings, hotels, shopping and entertainment centers. The t ...

, a super block that is located within the Golden Triangle, is the first of its kind in Indonesia, and one of the largest commercial centre development in the city. Jakarta started developing the sophistication of its Business District in the early 1960s before to host the Asian Games in 1962.

Surabaya Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...

East Java East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...

, built its first central business district in the Darmo region. The construction was expected to be completed by 2018 with 150 SOHO units and 500 residences. File:Jakarta CBD.jpg, Jakarta CBD seen from south Jakarta File:Western_Surabaya_at_dusk_(late_2015).jpg, Tunjungan skyline

Japan

Fukuoka is the sixth-largest city in Japan, the second-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since ancie ...

（

Chūō-ku, Fukuoka is one of the seven Wards of Japan, wards of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka city in Japan. The ward is located in the center of the city. It includes Tenjin and Daimyō which are among the largest downtown areas in Kyūshū, Nagahama, which is known ...

） *

Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui h ...

（ Naka-ku, Hiroshima） *

Kobe Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whic ...

（

Chūō-ku, Kobe is one of 9 wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 28.46 km², and a population of 127,602 with 74,814 households as of January 31, 2012. The ward was formed from the 1980 merger of the former Fukiai-ku () and Ikuta-ku (). The Consulat ...

） *

Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...

（

Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "central capital ward." As of 2021, the ward has an estimated population of 109,629 people. Tourism, shopping, and entertainment are the primary sour ...

） *

Nagoya is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most pop ...

（

Naka-ku, Nagoya is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 90,918 and a population density of 9,693 persons per km2. The total area is 9.38 km2. Geography Naka Wa ...

Nakamura-ku, Nagoya is one of the 16 wards of Nagoya, Japan. As of October 1, 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 135,134 and a population density of 8,290 persons per km². The total area is 16.30 km². History Nakamura Ward is famous as the birth ...

） *

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...

（

Chūō-ku, Osaka is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. It has an area of 8.88 km2, and a population of 60,085. It houses Osaka's financial district, as well as the Osaka Prefecture offices and principal shopping and tourist areas. Consulates Various c ...

Kita-ku, Osaka is one of 24 wards of Osaka in Japan. Incidents and accidents 2021 Osaka building fire Notable locations Kita-ku, particularly the Umeda area surrounding Osaka Station, is one of the main commercial centers of Osaka. Kita-ku is also a fina ...

） *

Sapporo ( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city ...

（ Chūō-ku, Sapporo） *

Sendai is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Miyagi Prefecture, the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,091,407 in 525,828 households, and is one of Japan's 20 Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, desig ...

（ Aoba-ku, Sendai） *

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...

（ Special wards of Tokyo） *

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of To ...

（ Naka-ku, Yokohama） File:View from Fukuoka Tower at Blue Hour.jpg,

（ Tenjin） File:Hiroshima skyline.jpg,

（

Hondōri is a commercial area in Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan, which centers on the Hondōri street which today is a shopping arcade. Hondōri, which means "Main Street", runs from Hatchōbori to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Hondōri was also previo ...

） File:Kobe Kobe Port Tower Panoaramablick 03.jpg,

（ Sannomiya） File:Kyoto Skylines from Shōren-in03.jpg,

（

Shijō Karasuma literally means ''star'' in Japanese. It may refer to: Art * Shijō school, a Japanese school of painting Names * Emperor Shijō, the 87th Emperor of Japan, * a Japanese surname ** —a Japanese kuge family descended from the Places * ...

） File:Sakae night.jpg,

（ Sakae） File:Meieki from Heiwa Park Aqua Tower.jpg,

（

Meieki is a major railway station in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan. It is one of the world's largest train stations by floor area (410,000 m2), and houses the headquarters of the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). Much of this space is located in ...

） File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 001.JPG,

（ Hommachi） File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg,

（

Umeda is a major commercial, business, shopping and entertainment district in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, and the city's main northern railway terminus (Ōsaka Station, Umeda Station). The district's name means "plum field". History Umeda was historical ...

） File:SapporoCity CBD.jpg,

（

Susukino is a red-light district in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is one of the major red-light districts in Japan along with Kabukichō, Tokyo, and Nakasu, Fukuoka. Currently, the district is congested with many restaurants, bars, hotels, and ...

） File:DownTown of SendaiCity02.jpg,

（ Ichibanchō） File:六本木之丘天空甲板 (16017557537).jpg,

（ Chiyoda） File:Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg,

（

Shinjuku is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the northern half of the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration ...

） File:Akasaka skyline 201806.jpg,

（

Minato Minato (港 or 湊) is Japanese for 'harbor', and may refer to: Places * Minato, Tokyo or Minato City, a special ward in Tokyo, Japan * Minato-ku, Nagoya, a ward of Nagoya, Japan * Minato-ku, Osaka, a ward of Osaka, Japan * Minato (湊), a neig ...

） File:Yokohama Marine Tower (view from) 04.JPG,

（

Kannai is a district in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan, bounded by the Ōoka River, JR Negishi Line, Nakamura River, and Yokohama waterfront. "Kannai" is not an official name of the area, but the common term of reference has been in use for over a century ...

）

Pakistan

Pakistan established its first Central Business District by the name of "Lahore Central Business District" also known as Central Business District Punjab (CBD Punjab) was established by an ACT of Parliament (LCBDDA Act, 2021) in February 2021. The authority was established to create Pakistan’s first Central Business District in Lahore, Punjab. CBD Punjab is a fully autonomous body focused at wealth generation and job creation. LCBDDA is a listed authority in Government of Punjab Rules of business approved by the cabinet. LCBDDA is now known as Punjab Central Business District Development Authority (PCBDDA), after the Authority's scope was expanded to the entirety of Punjab. CBD Punjab have recently launched and successfully sold Lahore's first Planned Downton along with other premium properties such as "Lahore Prime" CBD Punjab is fast becoming a hub of investment and a magnet for big brands in Pakistan. Karachi - A Sea Port and Business hub

In Pakistan, a central business district or a large, concentrated urban setting within a settlement is called a ''shehar''.

Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former cap ...

is Pakistan's largest city and the country's economic hub; the

I. I. Chundrigar Road I. I. Chundrigar Road ( ur, ), previously known as McLeod Road, is a road located in central business district of Karachi, Pakistan, and is named after former Pakistani Prime Minister Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar. The road serves as the spine of ...

of the city, often called the "Wall Street of Pakistan," acts as Karachi's main financial district and is essentially a centre of economic and industrial activity. Shahra-e-Faisal in Karachi is also one of the most important business districts of Pakistan. Another important business district is Gulberg, Lahore. It has a large number of important office buildings as well as many high-rises and shopping malls. City Towers, The Pace Tower, M.M Alam road, Vogue Towers, Park Plaza Hotel, Tricon Tower, MM Tower, Boulevard Heights, and Ali Trade Centre, respectively, are all present in this area.

Ferozepur Road Firozpur, also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in Firozpur District, Punjab, India. After the partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan border with memorials to soldiers who died ...

is also central business district of

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is the capital of the province of Punjab where it is the largest city. ...

. It is served by

Lahore bus rapid transit The Lahore Metrobus is a bus rapid transit service operating in Lahore Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Metrobus service is integrated with Lahore Transport Company's local bus service to operate as one urban transport system, providing seamless transit ...

. Kayre International Hotel, and

Arfa Software Technology Park Arfa Software Technology Park (previously known as Software Technology Park) is a skyscraper building and information technology park in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan, built in 2009. It is home to the Information Technology Universi ...

are also present on Ferozepur Road.

Jinnah Avenue Muhammad Ali Jinnah (, ; born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the ...

Islamabad Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital T ...

is the main business district of the city. It is lined with numerous office buildings.

Blue Area Blue Area is the central business district of Islamabad, Pakistan along the Jinnah Avenue. The area is a -long corridor along Islamabad's Khayaban-e-Quaid-e-Azam (also known as Jinnah Avenue), Islamabad's primary arterial road which leads up to ...

is the central business district of

. The

Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus Service The Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus is a bus rapid transit system operating in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area of Pakistan. It consists of four routes, namely the Red, Orange, Blue, and Green Lines. The Red and Orange Lines have d ...

is bus rapid transit system that is currently under-construction and will serve these business districts which will connect them to key city areas in

Rawalpindi Rawalpindi ( or ; Urdu, ) is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad, and third largest in Punjab after Lahore and Faisalabad. Rawalpindi is next to Pakistan's ...

and

D Ground D, or d, is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''dee'' (pronounced ), plural ''dees''. History The ...

is the central business district of Faisalabad and Saddar is the main central business district of

Peru

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

the central business district is San Isidro, in

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...

, which hosts the majority of Peru's financial industry headquarters. Although still a largely residential district, the commercial and business activity located in or in the vicinity of the area defined by avenues Camino Real, Javier Prado Este, República de Panamá and Aramburú is highly regarded as Peru's financial and corporate heart. It has a permanent population of around 63,000 inhabitants and, during weekday business hours, a floating population that exceeds 700,000 daily commuters from other districts of

. San Isidro is served by three stations of

El Metropolitano Metropolitano is a bus rapid transit system serving the city of Lima, Peru. Its construction began in the year 2006. History The origins of the Metropolitano go back to the ''Lima Bus'' project, which was planned and proposed during the admin ...

, Lima's

bus rapid transit Bus rapid transit (BRT), also called a busway or transitway, is a bus-based public transport system designed to have much more capacity, reliability and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes ...

system: Estación Javier Prado, Estación Canaval y Moreyra (with over 16,000 daily passengers) and Estación Aramburú. Since the late 2000s (decade), the southeastern district of

Surco Santiago de Surco, commonly known simply as Surco, is a district of Lima, Peru. It is bordered on the north with the district of Ate Vitarte and La Molina; on the east with San Juan de Miraflores, on the west with San Borja, Surquillo, Miraflor ...

has experienced a significant increase in upscale corporate developments in the area comprised by avenues Manuel Holguín, El Derby, El Polo, and La Encalada due to lower restrictions to grant

construction permit Planning permission or developmental approval refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant renovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions. It is usually given in the form of a building perm ...

and proximity to residential middle and upper class districts and is set to become, after traditional San Isidro and Miraflores, the new

financial centre A financial centre ( BE), financial center ( AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to ta ...

Philippines

File:Clark Global City Skyline.jpg, Clark Global City File:Bonifacio Global City - skyline (view from Pioneer) (Taguig and Makati)(2018-04-24) cropped.jpg,

Bonifacio Global City Bonifacio may refer to: Places * Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud, a town in Corsica, France * Strait of Bonifacio, separating Corsica from Sardinia * Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines * Bonifacio Global City, a central bu ...

File:Makati Skyline from Skyway.jpg, Makati Central Business District File:Ortigas at Night - Flickr.jpg,

Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...

Poland

File:Panorama siekierkowski.jpg, business centre in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

File:POL Katowice - Skyscrapers in Katowice.jpg, business centre in

Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul ...

In Poland, the terms ''śródmieście'' or ''centrum'' may be used to describe the central business district.

Russia

File:Business Centre of Moscow 2.jpg, MIBC in

is one of the largest

s in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

and the world—featuring some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers. File:E-burg asv2019-05 img46 view from VysotSky.jpg, Yekaterinburg-City in

Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administra ...

is the second-largest central business district in Russia. The largest central business district in

is the

(MIBC) in

—a commercial development located just east of the Third Ring Road at the western edge of the Presnensky District in the Central Administrative Okrug of the city. As of 2021, it is still under development. The construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya Embankment of the

Moskva River The Moskva (russian: река Москва, Москва-река, ''Moskva-reka'') is a river running through western Russia. It rises about west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through centra ...

, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) west of Red Square, overlooked by the Third Ring Road. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares. The second-largest central business district is Yekaterinburg-City in

, the fourth-largest city in the country. It is located on the

Iset River The river Iset (russian: Исеть) in Russia flows from the Urals through the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Oblasts, then through Tyumen Oblast in Western Siberia into the river Tobol. The city of Yekaterinburg is on the upper part of the river. The ...

, and is under development as of 2021. The area occupies five hectares.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia's capital city is

Riyadh Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the R ...

. Riyadh has several business districts. Here business districts are: * King Abdullah Financial District * King Abdullah Economic City File:The king Abdullah Financial District..JPG File:King fahad olaya-road Riyadh.jpg

Hong Kong

Traditionally, the Central Business District "CBD" of Hong Kong is

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

, where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters in. Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters. In some cases, areas nearby Central (Sheung Wan,

Admiralty Admiralty most often refers to: *Admiralty, Hong Kong * Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964 *The rank of admiral * Admiralty law Admiralty can also refer to: Buildings *Admiralty, Tr ...

Wan Chai Wan Chai is situated at the western part of the Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong. Its other boundaries are Canal Road, Hong Kong, Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west and Bowen Road to th ...

and

Causeway Bay Causeway Bay is list of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong, an area and Victoria Park, Hong Kong, a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern District, Hong Kong, Eastern and the Wan Chai District, Wan Chai ...

) and Quarry Bay (Taikoo place) and

Tsim Sha Tsui Tsim Sha Tsui, often abbreviated as TST, is an list of areas of Hong Kong, urban area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hu ...

are also regarded as major business districts of Hong Kong, while

Kwun Tong Kwun Tong is an area in the Kwun Tong District of Hong Kong, situated at the eastern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, and its boundary stretches from Lion Rock in the north to Lei Yue Mun in the south, and from the winding paths of Kowloon ...

in Kowloon East is the CBD2 of Hong Kong. File:Hong Kong Island Skyline 2009.jpg,

and

File:Vista del Puerto de Victoria desde Sky100, Hong Kong, 2013-08-09, DD 10.JPG,

File:Wan Chai Overview 2008.jpg,

File:Kwun Tong Dusk View 201407.jpg,

Singapore

The area commonly called the "CBD" is located within the Downtown Core, one of the constituent planning areas of the Central Area, the country's

. Its densest point is centred around

Raffles Place Raffles Place is the centre of the Financial District of Singapore and is located south of the River, mouth of the Singapore River. It was first planned and developed in the 1820s as Commercial Square to serve as the hub of the commercial zone o ...

, where most of Singapore's skyscrapers are located. The "CBD" term has also been used at times to refer to the Central Area as a whole. Singapore's CBD is also the historic heart of the city-state this makes it a mix of a tourist attraction and a business centre. There are many HQs of (international) companies, but also the campus of the

Singapore Management University The Singapore Management University (SMU) is a public autonomous university in Singapore. The university is the only city campus in Singapore. It ranks third in Asia as a specialist university, behind Hong Kong University of Science and Techn ...

and numerous historical buildings and museums are located in the CBD. In the future, the Singaporean government will redevelop

Jurong East Jurong East is a planning area and residential town situated in the West Region of Singapore. It borders Jurong West and Boon Lay to the west, Clementi to the east, Tengah and Bukit Batok to the north and Selat Jurong to the south. First ...

into a secondary satellite CBD. The area has also been earmarked as the site of the rail terminus for the

Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail Kuala is a town and administrative district of Langkat Regency in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. It borders Selesai to the north, Salapian to the west, and Sei Bingai to the south and east. Most people in Kuala are Javanese people, with a signi ...

South Africa

Cape Town CBD skyline as seen from De Waterkant

South Africa's largest cities, namely

Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...

Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...

Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu and xh, eGoli ), colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, or "The City of Gold", is the largest city in South Africa, classified as a megacity, and is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world. According to Demo ...

Pretoria Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the Executive (government), executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends ...

, and

Port Elizabeth Gqeberha (), formerly Port Elizabeth and colloquially often referred to as P.E., is a major seaport and the most populous city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Sou ...

, have CBDs which house the headquarters of many of the country's largest companies as well as

convention centre A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typica ...

s and the respective cities' tallest buildings. Cape Town is renowned for having South Africa's most iconic skyline (including the famous Table Mountain) and CBD. The term CBD is used in formal contexts, such as news reports, however, the term ''town'' is used colloquially.

South Korea

Seoul is made up of three main central business district. The historical area inside the

Fortress Wall of Seoul The Fortress Wall of Seoul (Hanja: 서울 漢陽都城; Hangul: 서울 한양도성;), or literally the Seoul City Wall is a series of walls made of stone, wood and other materials, built to protect the city of Seoul against invaders. The wall w ...

in the Jongno and

Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philo ...

districts was until the 1980s Seoul's undisputed economic heart, and still retains many corporate headquarters, and is also where most political institutions are located. It is also the most popular area for tourists and is arguably Seoul's main commercial district. While the district has a high density of high rises, the tallest building only reaches a height of 160m (SK Building), due to historic preservation regulation. The second main district, in the South East part of town, is the Gangnam District. This area was mostly developed in the 1980s, and is now the most affluent neighborhood in Seoul, and has the greatest concentration of company HQs and offices in Seoul, especially along Teheran Avenue. It's also a major commercial hub, with

Gangnam Avenue Gangnam or Kangnam may refer to: Places Stations Other uses * Kangnam (singer) (born 1987), a member of the South Korean hip hop group M.I.B. * Kangnam University, a university in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea See also

* "Gangnam ...

and Yeondong Avenue (with its COEX mall) being major thoroughfares. Among the tallest building in Gangnam are the

Tower Palace One The Samsung Tower Palace is a group of seven towers, lettered A-G. They are located in Dogok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul and South Korea. They range from 42 to 72 floors, all built between 2002 and 2004, and all used as luxury residential complexes. ...

(residential complex),

Trade Tower The Trade Tower in Gangnam district, Seoul, is one of South Korea's tallest buildings. The 54-floor Trade Tower high-rise was built in 1988 and stands at 748 feet (228 m). It resembles two quadro-level towers in mirror image of each other. It i ...

, Gangnam Finance Center and

Parnas Tower Parnas Tower ( Korean: 파르나스 타워) is a 38-floor, skyscraper A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though ther ...

. While technically in Seocho District, the

Samsung Town The Samsung Town (Korean: 삼성타운) is a major office park in Seocho-gu in Seoul, South Korea. It serves as the IT and electronics hub for the multinational corporation Samsung. The building has a floor area of 110,800 m² with 20,000 reside ...

is also located in the Gangnam Business District. Seoul's third business district is the island of

Yeouido Yeouido (Hangul: 여의도, en, Yoi Island or Yeoui Island) is a large island (or eyot) on the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It is Seoul's main finance and investment banking district. Its 8.4 square kilometers are home to some 30,988 people ...

, located in the central part of the city, in the

Yeongdeungpo District Yeongdeungpo District () is an administrative district in southwest Seoul, South Korea. Although the origin of the name is uncertain, the first two syllables are thought to be from "''yeongdeung''" (靈登) or "divine ascent", a shamanic rite. T ...

. Yeouido was initially developed in the 1970s, but since the 1990s, it has become Seoul's financial centre. While smaller in size that the other business districts, it has some of Seoul's tallest skyscrapers, including

Parc1 Tower Parc 1 is a complex of buildings in Yeouido, Seoul, South Korea. It stands and contain 69 floors. Construction stopped in 2011 but resumed in early 2017. History Parc1 is a US$1.5-billion shopping/hotel/office complex realized by Skylan Proper ...

, International Finance Center Seoul and the

63 Building The 63 Building ( ko, 63빌딩), officially called 63 SQUARE (formerly Hanwha 63 City), is a skyscraper on Yeouido island, overlooking the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. At 249 meters (817 ft) high, it was the tallest building outside N ...

. Apart from finance, Yeouido is also the location for the

National Assembly of South Korea The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, often shortened to the National Assembly in domestic English-language media, is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years. T ...

, and also hosts many media companies and political institutions. Seoul being a multi-central city, there are also a few other areas which have become important business districts in the past decades, such as the Jamsil area, with its 555-meter tall Lotte World Tower, Guro Digital Complex, Gasan Digital Complex, the Magok Business District, the Sangam Digital Media City, the Munjeong Administrative Town or along

Mapo Avenue MAPO - the Moscow Aircraft Production Association (russian: Московское авиационное производственное объединение, Moskovskoye aviatsionnoye proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye) was a major Russian state-owne ...

. Lastly, the area near Yongsan Station, including the proposed Yongsan International Business District has the potential to become another major commercial district, in synergy with nearby

. In Busan, South Korea's second largest city, the central business district is located along the main Jungang Avenue axis, starting around the commercial area of Seomyeon Station, then South to the

Busan International Finance Center Busan International Finance Center(BIFC) ( ko, 부산국제금융센터) is a skyscraper in Busan, South Korea. The building's construction started in 2011 and finished in 2014. It has 63 floors. The building was developed by Busan Metropolitan ...

in Munhyeon-dong, the area near Busan Station and in Jungang-dong where many corporate offices are located. Recently, a second major business district has emerged in

Centum City Centum City () is a major multi-project urban development part of Haeundae-gu, Busan, South Korea. It is also one of CBDs in Busan Metropolitan City. This site is at the westernmost area of Haeundae-gu in U-1-dong, Jae-song-dong. The site was orig ...

, in the

Haeundae District Haeundae District ( ko, 해운대구) is a district ( ''gu'') of Busan, South Korea. Haeundae has a population of about 423,000, the most populous district of Busan with 11.6% of the city population, and covers an area of 51.44 km² (19.8 ...

. File:Yoon Dongju 19 (7869936998).jpg,

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...

（ Jongno） File:Seoul Tower View.jpg,

（ Gangnam） File:Yeouido, Seoul.jpg,

(

) File:Busan Haeundae Centum City.jpg,

Busan Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, w ...

( Haeundae) File:BusanMunHyeon-dong.jpg,

( Seomyeon)

Spain

File:AZCA.c.m.2.jpg, AZCA and CTBA business districts in Madrid File:Central business district of Barcelona (2).JPG,

22@ 22@ (read ca, vint-i-dos arrova ), also known as 22@Barcelona and Districte de la innovació (''innovation district'') is the corporative name given to an urban renewal area in Barcelona's formerly industrial area of Poblenou, in the district o ...

district in Barcelona File:Valencia XXI.jpg, business district in

Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

The biggest central business districts of Spain are located in the country's capital,

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

. The

Paseo de la Castellana Paseo de la Castellana, commonly known as La Castellana, is a major thoroughfare in Madrid, Spain. Cutting across the city from South to North, it has been described as the "true structuring axis" of the city. History and description The street ...

holds the city's main business districts: the

Gate of Europe The Gate of Europe towers ( es, Puerta de Europa, - Door of Europe-), also known as KIO Towers (''Torres KIO''), are twin office buildings near the Plaza de Castilla in Madrid, Spain. The towers have a height of and have 26 floors. They were co ...

, AZCA and CTBA. AZCA is super block near Real Madrid's stadium Santiago Bernabéu. It used to be the country's main business area during the 1980s and 1990s, when most of its skyscrapers were built. The tallest building of AZCA is the Torre Picasso, a 158-tower designed by the World Trade Center's architect, and contains the main offices in Spain of

Google Google LLC () is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics. ...

and

Deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (), commonly referred to as Deloitte, is an international professional services network headquartered in London, England. Deloitte is the largest professional services network by revenue and number of profession ...

. The Gate of Europe consists of two twin towers, which hold Spanish bank Bankia and real state company Realia. Just a few blocks north is the CTBA, a complex of four skyscrapers which are the tallest in Spain. Architects such as Norman Foster, Ieoh Ming Pei and Cesar Pelli have designed its towers, which were completed in 2008. The tallest building, the

Torre de Cristal The Torre de Cristal ( Spanish for Glass Tower) is a skyscraper in the Cuatro Torres Business Area (CTBA) in Madrid, Spain, completed in 2008. With a final height of , it surpassed Torre Emperador as the tallest building in Spain, and is the ...

, is the fourth tallest building is

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

, with a height of . The complex is home to offices from well known companies such as

KPMG KPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations. Headquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a net ...

Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. Originally marketed as a temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta ...

Volkswagen Volkswagen (),English: , . abbreviated as VW (), is a German Automotive industry, motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front under the Nazi Party and revived into a ...

, Bankia,

Cepsa Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A.U. (''Spanish Petroleum Company''), commonly known as Cepsa, is a Spanish multinational oil and gas company. It operates in several European countries as well as in Algeria, Canada, Colombia, Morocco, Brazi ...

Pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers is an international professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting ...

OHL OHL or Ohl may refer to: Initialisms *Latvian Hockey Higher League, known in Latvian as the ''Optibet hokeja līga'' *Oberste Heeresleitung, the Supreme Army Command of Germany in World War I *Obrascón Huarte Lain, a Spanish construction company * ...

and holds the embassies of the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, as well as a 5-star hotel from Eurostars. A fifth tower is currently being built and will have the campus of the

Instituto de Empresa IE Business School is a graduate and undergraduate school of business, located in Madrid, Spain, European Union, Europe. It was founded in 1973 under the name Instituto de Empresa and since 2009 is part of IE University. IE Business School runs ...

university. In

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

, the

, Gran Via, and Granvia l'Hospitalet are the main business districts. Despite the fact that the Catalan capital does not have a reputation for skyscrapers and financial hubs, in recent years it has attracted several media and technology companies such as

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...

and

Yahoo! Yahoo! (, styled yahoo''!'' in its logo) is an American web services provider. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and operated by the namesake company Yahoo Inc., which is 90% owned by investment funds managed by Apollo Global Man ...

. In 2005, the Torre Agbar, designed by French architect Jean Nouvel, became the third-tallest building in the city with a height of . The building soon became a symbol of Barcelona and was going to become a

hotel. However, the tower is still empty due to administrative problems.

Taiwan

File:Taipei Skyline 2022.06.29.jpg,

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the n ...

's CBD skyline, with Taipei 101 in the background（Xinyi Special District）. File:2019 Wugu Interchange of Freeway 1 (Taiwan).jpg, Xinzhuang Sub-city Center with Sanchong District, Sanchong and Wugu District, Wugu File:New_Taipei_Skyline_2018.jpg, Xinban Special District, Banqiao District, Banqiao, New Taipei File:Taichung skyline.png, Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone is the main CBD of Taichung. File:Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017.jpg, Kaohsiung (Asia New Bay Area) In Taiwan, even though the term "city centre" () is often used, a different commercial district outside of the historic core can actually be typically called a "CBD" (), "Financial District" (), or "Yolk area" (), all of which are frequently used terms. There are many central business districts located in the country of Taiwan. In

, the capital city of Taiwan, the area around its Taipei Station, main railway station, i.e. Zhongzheng District is regarded as its historic city centre. It is home to most of the national government buildings of the Taiwan, Republic of China (Taiwan), including the Presidential Office Building, Taipei, Presidential Office, the Executive Yuan, the Control Yuan, the Legislative Yuan, the Judicial Yuan and various government ministries. It has the first skyscraper in Taipei, The second main district, in the central part of city, is the Xinyi Special District. This area was mostly developed in the 1990s, and has emerged to become Taipei's financial, political, and commercial centre, with the greatest concentration of company HQs and offices in Taipei, and being the foremost shopping area. It is the location of Taipei's tallest skyscrapers, including the -tall Taipei 101, Taipei Nan Shan Plaza and Fubon Xinyi A25. Taipei's third business district is Nangang District, Taipei, Nangang District, which is located in the southeastern part of the city. Nangang was initially developed in the 2000s and is the seat of the Academia Sinica, Taipei World Trade Center Nangang Exhibition Hall, and Nankang Software Park (NKSP). Greater Taipei being a multi-central metropolitan area, there are also a few other areas which have become important business districts in the past decades, such as Daan District, Taipei, Daan District, Banqiao District and Neihu District. Lastly, Xinzhuang Sub-city Center has the potential to become another major commercial district, in synergy with nearby Sanchong District and Wugu District. In Taichung, Taiwan's second largest city, the central business district is located in Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone. It features broad and widely spaced boulevards, attractive apartments, department stores, and office towers, which are brightly lit at night. In Kaohsiung, Taiwan's harbor city, the central business district is located in Asia New Bay Area, which is home to the city's tallest skyscrapers - 85 Sky Tower and Farglory THE ONE and the largest sea port in Taiwan - Port of Kaohsiung.

Turkey

Ankara became the capital of Turkey in the 1920s. Istanbul has remained the main economic centre of the country up to this day. Ankara is called as "officer city". Currently, a Central Business District is planned in an area of 262 hectares in Varlık, Altındağ.colo

References

{{Authority control Central business districts, City Neighbourhoods