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Yanhamu
Yanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter ''"Rib-Hadda of Gubla"''-(Byblos) sub-corpus, and also 12 additional letters. Letters referencing commissioner ''Yanhamu'' Milkilu's EA 270, ''"Extortion"'' Letter no. 4 of 5 to Pharaoh, from "Milkilu of Gazru"-(modern Gezer): Milkilu's EA 271, ''"The Power of the 'Apiru"'' Milkilu letter no. 5 of 5 to Pharaoh: Referenced Amarna letters to ''Yanhamu'' The largest sub-corpus of Amarna letters is from the Rib-Haddi corpus: namely "Rib-Hadda of Gubla"-(Byblos). 16 of Rib-Haddi's letters reference Yanhamu, ( EA for 'el Amarna'). ''Letters EA 82-132(16)the Rib-Hadda/Byblos letters-(w/out-EA 98)'' *EA 82— *EA 85— * EA 86— *EA 98— *EA 102— *EA 105— *EA 106— *EA 109— *EA 116— *EA 117— *EA 118— *EA 127— *EA 131— *EA 132—See: Pahura O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pawura
Pawura, and also: Pauru, Piwure, Puuru/Puwuru was an Egyptian official of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. As mentioned in letter no. 171, he was also an Egyptian "archer–commander". In letter no. 289 he is called an ''"irpi''–official". In Egyptian his name means 'the Great One', (''Pa-wr''/''Pa-ur'')(letter EA 287:45-"1.-Pa-Ú-Ru") Pawura's name is referenced in the following letters: ( EA for 'el Amarna') :#Rib-Haddi–The Rib-Hadda sub-corpus of 68 letters: EA 117, 124, 129, 131, 132, and EA 362. :#Aziru–EA 171, by Aziru of Ammuru, Title: ''"Eager to Serve"''. :#EA 263–EA 263, a short letter. Title: ''"Robbed of Everything."'' (author unknown) :#Abdi-Heba– EA 287 and EA 289, letters by Abdi-Heba to pharaoh.(see EA 287 herePhoto, EA 287: Reverse Pawura's death is mentioned in the Rib-Hadda letters except EA 117, and 124, along with the demise of others, or the warring with the Habiru, or the leaders of Ammuru: (Abdi-As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 256
Amarna letter EA 256, in short EA 256, catalogued under the title ''Oaths and Denials'', is one of a total of about 350 so-called Amarna letters, belonging to an official correspondence dating to the mid-14th century BC (about 1350 BC till 20–25 years later). The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, on the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. Description EA 256 is a square, mostly flat clay tablet letter written on both sides; it is also written on the bottom, top (=bottom of ''reverse'' side), and the last 3 lines are written on the left edge (obverse), where the start of lines on the obverse form a 'straight' margin. The reverse of the letter (see Rohl), has a list of towns in, or associated with the Golan Heights. The surface of the letter is rough (partially eroded?), or photos of the reverse especially, do not easily highlight the cuneiform characters. The topic of the let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yapa-Hadda
Yapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of ''Biruta''-(Beirut) of the 1350- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-(Byblos), ruled by Rib-Hadda, (who was the most prolific writer of the Amarna letters, (68)). Yapa-Hadda is sometimes the subject of letters, typically involved with his ships, and a collusion of cities, all against Gubla and Rib-Haddi. Yapa-Hadda is the author of two letters, both sent to the pharaoh, one by way of Å umu-Haddi, (EA 97), the other to the pharaoh by way of an Egyptian commissioner (EA 98), ( EA is for 'el Amarna'). The intrigued letters of Yapah-Hadda EA 113, title: ''"War and peace"'' This letter is tablet-II of a two-tablet letter. Letter no. 42 of 68, authored by Rib-Hadda of Gubla: (Tablet 113–I is nonexistent.) :"Moreover, ... -lacuna of 3 lines-(a 2nd letter(two-tablet letter)) :... ''Inquire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Ancient Egypt, Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru kingdom, Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years between c. 1360–1332 BC (see Amarna letters#Chronology, here for dates).Moran, p.xxxiv The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of ''Akhetaten'', founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are written not in the language of ancient Egypt, but in cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. Most are in a variety of Akkadian language, Akkadian sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Å uwardata
Šuwardata, also Šuardatu, (''Shuwardata'') is understood by most scholars to be the king of the Canaanite city of Gath (Tell es-Safi), although some have suggested that he was the 'mayor' of ''Qiltu'', (Keilah?, or Qi'iltu) during the 1350- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Šuwardata was the author of 8 letters to the Egyptian pharaoh. Sample of Šuwardata's letters Besides letters EA 283, and EA 366, ( EA for 'el Amarna'), only letter 280 tells of intrigues: See Labaya, or Abdi-Heba, as EA 280 claims: ''"Moreover, Lab'ayu who used to take our town, is dead, but now nther Lab'ayu is 'Abdi-Heba, and he seizes our town."'' The other 5 letters do refer to the following: Qeltu-(Qiltu, Keilah:); silver (as mercenary pay); the Sun, (as Rê); the archer-forces; and the only reference to Rahmanu, an Egyptian official, (letter EA 284, ''"The powerful hand of the king"''). EA 283: "Oh to see the king"--(no. 6 of 8) All Šuwardata's letters are addressed to the pharaoh. Šu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 289
Amarna letter EA 289, titled: ''"A Reckoning Demanded,"'' Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 289, ''A Reckoning Demanded'', p. 332-333. is a moderately tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 6.5 in tall, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 289 is a moderately long, and involved letter, mentioning ten named individuals, some more that three times. A total of nine locations are referenced, as well as men of the "Hapiru"-("LÚ- MEŠ-Hapiru- ki"),EA 289: Reverse, line 24. , CDLI no. 271091 (''Chicago Digital Library Initiative'') and men of "Qilyi- [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 286
Amarna letter EA 286, titled: ''"A Throne Granted, Not Inherited,"'' Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 286, ''A Throne Granted, Not Inherited'', pp. 326-327. is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 8 in tall, and 3.5 in wide, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 286 is a moderately long, and involved letter. Unlike similar length letters by the Jerusalem scribe, namely EA 287, EA 288, and shorter EA 289, EA 286 is damaged over the entire surface by erosion, probably from moisture. Other small sections of the clay tablet letter are missing entirely, with text supplied by the story's context. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 86
Amarna letter EA 86 (see her, titled: ''Complaint to an Official,'' is a somewhat moderate length clay tablet letter from Rib-Hadda of city-state Byblos (named ''Gubla'' in the letter) to Amanappa, an official at the court of the Pharaoh. The letter has a degraded surface of the clay; it also has missing corners and part of a side. The tablet's obverse fails to yield an easy translation for the last lines of the front and bottom, lines 18-22 (ten percent of the 50-line text). And other lacunae are found throughout the translation. EA 86 is an extremely ovate, pillow-shaped (thick) clay tablet. It is located in the British Museum, no. 29804. EA 86 Moran's non-linear letter English language translation (translated from the French language): Obverse: :(Lines 1-5)--'' ay to' Amaappa Message of Rib-Had a I fall t your feet May Aman, he god of the king your lord, establish yo rhonor n the presenceof the king, your lord-( ŠÀR. RI- EN- ia). :(5)--Listen to m !1 :(5-12)--The wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahura
Pahura, and also spelled Pihur/Pihuru, Pihura, and Pihuru/Pihure was a commissioner of the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Pahura's name means in Egyptian, '' ' the Syrian ' '', and he was commissioner to the Egyptian pharaoh. Pahura is referenced in 9-letters of the Amarna letters corpus. Two damaged partial letters are only topically identified by Pahura's name, with no other references: letters EA 207 and 208, (EA for 'el Amarna'). An example letter (with commissioner ''Pihura'') The largest sub-corpus of Amarna letters is from the Rib-Haddi corpus: namely Rib-Hadda of Gubla-(Byblos). EA 132, entitled: ''"The hope for peace"'' shows some of the intrigues of the 68-letter Rib-Haddi corpus of letters. EA 132, ''"The hope for peace"'' Letter no. 61 of 68 by Rib-Haddi. : y othe king, my lord, m Sun: Message of Rib-Hadda, your erant. May the Lady of Gubla grant power to the king, my lord. I fall at the feet of my lord 7 times and 7 times. Moreover, give thought to Gubla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 270
Amarna letter EA 270, titled: ''"Extortion,"'' is an ovate-shaped, medium-sized, tall letter, approximately 3 in wide x 4 in tall, from Milkilu the mayor/ruler of Gazru (Gezer), of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The Canaanite city-states were visited by the scribes, with short 'status reports' sent to the Pharaoh (King) reporting on city or regional accounts, for example the troubles with the habiru, or other external affairs. Many of the Canaanite letters are short, with some nearly identical phraseology of words, as well as the layout of the individual clay tablet letters. Milkilu authored EA 268 through EA 271. Amarna letter EA 270-(29 lines) is nearly identical in shape to EA 271-(27 lines), with the beginning lines of the obverse, nearly identical in wording, and spacing. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 271
Amarna letter EA 271, titled: ''"The Power of the 'Apiru,"'' is a moderately short, tallish, rectangular clay tablet letter, approximately 3 in wide x 4 in tall, from Milkilu the mayor/ruler of Gazru (Gezer), of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The Canaanite city-states were visited by the scribes, with short 'status reports' sent to the Pharaoh (King) reporting on city or regional accounts, for example the troubles with the habiru, or other external affairs. Many of the Canaanite letters are short, with some nearly identical phraseology of words, as well as the layout of the individual clay tablet letters. Milkilu authored EA 268 through EA 271. Amarna letter EA 270-(29 lines) is nearly identical in shape to EA 271-(27 lines), with the beginning lines of the obverse, nearly identical in wording, and spacing. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milkilu
Milkilu, and more properly Milk-ilu, or Milku-ilu, with an alternate version of Ili-Milku (letter 286, by Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem), was the mayor/ruler of ''Gazru'' (Gezer) of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Adda-danu, and Yapahu were also mayors of ''Gazru''. Milk-ilu is the author of 5 Amarna letters to the pharaoh of Egypt, EA 267–271, ( EA for 'el Amarna'). One letter ( EA 369) from the pharaoh to Milk-ilu is known. EA 369, to Milkilu: "From the Pharaoh to a vassal" :"To ''Milkilu'', the ruler of Gazru: Thus the king. He herewith dispatches to you this tablet (i.e., tablet-letter), saying to you, He herewith sends to you Hanya, the stable (overseer) of the archers, along with everything for the acquisition of beautiful female cupbearers: silver, gold, linen garments: ''ma-al-ba-ši'', carnelian, all sorts of (precious) stones, an ebony chair; all alike, fine things. Total (value): 160 ''diban''. Total: 40 female cupbearers, 40 (shekels of) silver being the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
