Yapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of ''Biruta''-(

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

) of the

1350 Year 1350 ( MCCCL) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 9 – Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa. * May 23 (possible date) ...

- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter

corpus Corpus is Latin for "body". It may refer to: Linguistics * Text corpus, in linguistics, a large and structured set of texts * Speech corpus, in linguistics, a large set of speech audio files * Corpus linguistics, a branch of linguistics Music * ...

, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-(

Byblos Byblos ( ; gr, Βύβλος), also known as Jbeil or Jubayl ( ar, جُبَيْل, Jubayl, locally ; phn, 𐤂𐤁𐤋, , probably ), is a city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. It is believed to have been first occupied between 8 ...

), ruled by

Rib-Hadda Rib-Hadda (also rendered Rib-Addi, Rib-Addu, Rib-Adda) was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten. His name is Akkadian in form and may invoke the Northwest Semi ...

, (who was the most prolific writer of the Amarna letters, (68)). Yapa-Hadda is sometimes the subject of letters, typically involved with his ships, and a collusion of cities, all against Gubla and Rib-Haddi. Yapa-Hadda is the author of two letters, both sent to the pharaoh, one by way of Šumu-Haddi, (EA 97), the other to the pharaoh by way of an Egyptian commissioner (EA 98), ( EA is for 'el Amarna').

The intrigued letters of Yapah-Hadda

EA 113, title: ''"War and peace"''

This letter is tablet-II of a two-tablet letter. Letter no. 42 of 68, authored by

of Gubla: (Tablet 113–I is nonexistent.) :"Moreover, ... -

lacuna Lacuna (plural lacunas or lacunae) may refer to: Related to the meaning "gap" * Lacuna (manuscripts), a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work ** Great Lacuna, a lacuna of eight leaves where there was heroic Old Norse p ...

of 3 lines-(a 2nd letter(two-tablet letter)) :... ''Inquire from'' another may r Is he not lwaysc mmittingor plotting a crime? Look, ''Yapah-Hadda'' has commit eda crime. Be informed! 'What''has the king-(i.e.

pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: '' pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the ...

), done to hi Moreover, what have I done t ''Yapah-Hadda'' that he plo sevil upon evil against m As he has plundered two of my

ship A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished ...

s and my

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated ...

and

goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the a ...

s so that the amount of my property in his possession is very large, may the king ed his commissioner o deide between the two of us. verythingthat s taen from him 'may he'' (the king) ''take'' Concerning yproperty

hat A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mecha ...

is in ispossession 'he should inquire of''my '' n'' ... .. frm

, 'and''for the

'Apiru Habiru (sometimes written as Hapiru, and more accurately as ʿApiru, meaning "dusty, dirty"; Sumerian: 𒊓𒄤, ''sagaz''; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ''ḫabiru'' or ''ʿaperu'') is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile ...

, has ll of it''be n acquired'' but there is no one that 'can tae'' anything belonging to him from my 'hand'' Why am not able like my associates to send a man to the palace? Their cities are theirs, ndthey are at peace. May the Sun establish yhonor in your presence so that you bring peace to 'your servant'' and then he will never leave your side. Tell Amanmašša to sta with me so he can brin my tablet to yo . Foronce he goes off, there will be no one to bring y tabletto you. So may the ng be con ernedabout Amanmašša ohe sta s with me... and ''Yapah-Hadda'' ... 'So send''provisions for the cities ''t at'' have ''not''turned ''again t you'." -EA 113–II, lines 4-48 (complete, but with lacunae)

EA 97, title: ''"A bad reputation"''

Letter of Yapa-Hadda sent to the

Egyptian Egyptian describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of years of ...

pharaoh by way of Sumu Haddi: :"To Šumu-Hadd (...): Mesage of ''Yap'' ''pa -Hadda'' May (your personal) god show concern for you. knw that your reputation with the king-(i.e. pharaoh) is d, and so you cannot leave Egypt-('Mizri', see:

Mizraim Mizraim (; cf. Arabic مصر, ''Miṣr'') is the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt, with the dual suffix ''-āyim'', perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Mizraim is the dual form of matzor, meaning a "moun ...

). You did t cause the loss of 'Abdi-Aširta''_c.html" ;"title="Abdi-Ashirta.html" ;"title="'the king's lands; Abdi-Ashirta">'Abdi-Aširta'' c">Abdi-Ashirta.html" ;"title="'the king's lands; Abdi-Ashirta">'Abdi-Aširta'' cused the loss. .... :... ..." -EA 97 (complete lines 1-11; 12-21(end) is a

)

EA 98, title: ''"Losses from Byblos to Ugarit"''

Letter sent to Egypt, and commissioner, Yanhamu: :"[S]ay [t]o Yanhamu: Message of ''Yapah-Hadda''. Why have you been neglectful of Zemar, Sumur-(Zemar), so that all lands from Byblos, Gubla to Ugarit have become enemies in the service of

Aziru Aziru was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten. The dealings of Aziru are well-known from the Amarn ...

? Šigata and Ampi-(

Enfeh Enfeh ( ar, انفه), or Enfe, Anfeh, Anfe, is a town in the Koura district of the North Governorate of Lebanon at Latitude 34°21'0"N and Longitude 35°44'0"E. Enfeh borders the towns of Chekka, Al-Qalamoun, Barghoun and Zakroun. It ...

) are enemies. He has now ttioned ships of Arw d Ampi and in Šigata so grain cannot be brought into Sumur. Not are we able to enter Sumur, and so what can we ourselves do? Write to the palace about this ater. It is good ha you are inf(or)med." -EA 98, lines 1-26 (complete)

References

* Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, {{ISBN, 0-8018-6715-0) Amarna letters writers 14th-century BC Phoenician people Mizraim Phoenicians in the Amarna letters

The intrigued letters of Yapah-Hadda

EA 113, title: ''"War and peace"''

EA 97, title: ''"A bad reputation"''

EA 98, title: ''"Losses from Byblos to Ugarit"''

See also

References