political geography Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. Conventionally, for the purposes of analysis, ...

, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves.

Enclaves that are also exclaves

Each enclave listed in this section has an administrative level equivalent to that of the one other entity that entirely surrounds it. Each enclave is also a part of a main region; hence, it is an exclave of that region.

National level

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

* In

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

: ** The larger of the two parts of the Aboriginal Shire of Doomadgee in

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

is surrounded by the

Shire of Burke The Shire of Burke is a local government area in North West Queensland, Australia. The shire lies on the south coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria and abuts the border with the Northern Territory. It covers an area of , and has existed as a local ...

. Except for the ocean, the smaller part is nearly surrounded also by the Shire of Burke. * In

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

: ** Chaoyang District has one exclave that comprises Terminals 1 and 2 of

Beijing Capital International Airport Beijing Capital International Airport is the busier of the two international airports serving Beijing, the capital city of China (the other one being Beijing Daxing International Airport). The airport is located northeast of downtown Beijing ...

and the immediately surrounding service area. It is an enclave of Shunyi that used to be Shunyi Subdistrict of Chaoyang District. The main reason for the existence of this exclave is because the financing for the building of these Terminals was largely carried by Chaoyang District and this political organisation ensures that they continue to pay taxes to Chaoyang District. Note: Terminal 3 is not a part of this exclave as it was built for the 2008 Summer Olympics and was built after the formation of Shunyi District. See a map of the exclave, not including Terminal 3, on Google Maps. * In

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

: **In

Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County (, , ) is a Counties of Croatia, county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranya (region), Baranja which is defined part of the Pannonian Plain. Its center is Osijek. Other towns include Đakovo, Našice, Val ...

, the municipality of Bilje has one exclave ( Zlatna Greda) inside the municipality of Kneževi Vinogradi. *In

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

: ** In

Ida-Viru County Ida-Viru County ( or ; ) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is the most northeastern part of the country. The county contains large deposits of oil shale the main mineral mined in Estonia. Oil shale is used in the production of shale oil ...

, the town of

Kohtla-Järve Kohtla-Järve () is a city and Municipalities of Estonia, municipality in northeastern Estonia, founded in 1924 and incorporated as a town in 1946. The city is highly industrial, and is both a processor of oil shales and is a large producer of ...

consists of five separated areas within a distance of 22 km. Of these exclaves, Kukruse and Oru districts are also enclaves, since they are surrounded by

Toila Parish Toila Parish () is an Estonian municipality located in Ida-Viru County. It has a population of 4,735 (2019) and an area of 266 km². History Toila Parish was formed in the course of the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalitie ...

. ** Kudruküla and Olgina districts of

Narva Narva is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in the Ida-Viru County, at the Extreme points of Estonia, eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva (river), Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia border, E ...

town are surrounded by the town of

Narva-Jõesuu Narva-Jõesuu is a seaside resort town in northeast Estonia. It is located by the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, on the west bank of the Narva River, which forms the Estonia–Russia international border. Narva-Jõesuu marks the northea ...

. * In

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

('' départements''): **

Meurthe-et-Moselle Meurthe-et-Moselle () is a '' département'' in the Grand Est region of France, named after the rivers Meurthe and Moselle. Its prefecture and largest city is Nancy and it borders the departments of Meuse to the west, Vosges to the south, ...

has one exclave inside

Meuse The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of . History From 1301, the upper ...

. ** Nord has one exclave in

Pas-de-Calais The Pas-de-Calais (, ' strait of Calais'; ; ) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 890, and is the ...

. **

Oise Oise ( ; ; ) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.< ...

has three exclaves in

Aisne Aisne ( , ; ; ) is a French departments of France, department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne (river), Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374. Geography The department borders No ...

: one comprises the village of Chavres, while the other two are uninhabited parcels of land in the

Forest of Retz The Forest of Retz (French ''Forêt de Retz'', ) is one of the largest :forests of France, forests of France, covering some 13,000 hectares in the Aisne about 80 km northeast of Paris. It is a National forest (France), national forest (''f ...

. * In

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

: is an exclave of

Nuremberg Nuremberg (, ; ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the Franconia#Towns and cities, largest city in Franconia, the List of cities in Bavaria by population, second-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Bav ...

Middle Franconia Middle Franconia (, ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg. Subdi ...

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

. * In

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

: ** The district of Mulyorejo in

Surabaya Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Provinces of Indonesia, province and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strai ...

has an exclave inside the neighbouring Sukolilo district. ** In

Kutai Kartanegara Regency Kutai Kartanegara Regency (abbreviated as ''Kukar'') is a regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It has a land area of 27,891.13 km2 and a water area of 4,097 km2, geographically located between 1°18′40″S and 116°31′3 ...

, the village of Sumber Sari is an enclave of Kota Bangun Darat district, located inside Kota Bangun. * In

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, the district of Kangpokpi in

Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...

state has an exclave that is an enclave within Imphal East district. * In

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

: ** In

Aosta Valley The Aosta Valley ( ; ; ; or ), officially the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley, is a mountainous Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is bordered by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Fr ...

: the municipality of

La Magdeleine La Magdeleine (; Valdôtain: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Aosta Valley region of north-west Italy. Description La Magdeleine is a small ski resort featuring easy slopes, a nordic ski touring route and a snow park for children. It is also ...

has an exclave within the municipality of

Antey-Saint-André Antey-Saint-André (; Valdôtain: ) is a ''comune'' in the Aosta Valley region of northwestern Italy. Frazioni ''Frazioni'' (locally officially called ''hameaux'', in French language, French) are: Avout, Les Ayeux, Banderet, Le Bourg, Buisson, C� ...

. ** In

Apulia Apulia ( ), also known by its Italian language, Italian name Puglia (), is a Regions of Italy, region of Italy, located in the Southern Italy, southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Ot ...

: the

Metropolitan City of Bari The Metropolitan City of Bari () is a metropolitan city in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bari. It replaced the province of Bari and includes the city of Bari and some forty other ''comuni'' (: ''comune''). It was first c ...

(the municipality of

Locorotondo Locorotondo ( Barese: ) is a town and municipality of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy, with a population of about 14,000. It is situated between Martina Franca and Alberobello in the Valle d'Itria, a green stretch of country ...

) has three exclaves inside the

Province of Taranto The province of Taranto (; Tarantino: ; Salentino: ), previously known as the province of the Ionian, is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Taranto. It has an area of , and a total population of 581,092 (2017). ...

; ***In the

Castellana Grotte Castellana Grotte ( Castellanese: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. ''Grotte'' means "caves" in Italian. History Geography Agricultural center of the lower Murgia, it is south of Bari Ba ...

has an exclave within

Alberobello Alberobello (; literally "beautiful tree"; Bari dialect, Barese: ) is a small town and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. It has 10,237 inhabitants (2022) and is famous for its unique ''trullo'' buildings. The ...

and one within

Conversano Conversano (Bari dialect, Barese: ) is an ancient town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, south-eastern Italy. It is southeast of Bari and from the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic coast, at above sea level. The counts of Conversan ...

; Polignano a Mare has two exclaves inside

; Santeramo in Colle has an exclave within

Cassano delle Murge Cassano delle Murge (Bari dialect, Barese: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. Origins of the name It probably derives from the Latin name Cassius with the addition of the suffix ''-anus''. Acco ...

; Terlizzi has an exclave inside

Ruvo di Puglia Ruvo di Puglia (; ) is a city and ''comune, comune (municipality)'' of 25,457 inhabitants (as of 2017) in the Metropolitan City of Bari in Apulia. It is an art city of Apulia, and an Apulian tourist destination. Part of the Alta Murgia National ...

. ***In the

: Massafra has five exclaves inside

Crispiano Crispiano (Local dialect, Crispianese: ) is a town in the province of Taranto in Apulia. The town has a population of 13749 inhabitants. It is located in the heart of Apulia, near Valle d’Itria, just 15 km from Taranto. (ancient farms). Cr ...

;

Taranto Taranto (; ; previously called Tarent in English) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Taranto, serving as an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base. Founded by Spartans ...

has an exclave inside

Grottaglie Grottaglie (; ; ) is a town and (municipality) in the province of Taranto, Apulia, in southern Italy. Geography Grottaglie is located in the Salento peninsula, dividing the Adriatic Sea from Ionian Sea. The countryside around the city is scatter ...

. *** In the

Province of Foggia The province of Foggia (, ; Neapolitan language, Foggiano: ) is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Regions of Italy, Italian region Apulia. This province is also known as Daunia, after the Daunians, an Iapygians, Iapygian pre-Roman tribe livi ...

: San Marco in Lamis has an exclave inside San Giovanni Rotondo;

Manfredonia Manfredonia () is a town and Comune, commune of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, from which it is northeast by rail. Manfredonia is situated on the coast, facing east, to the south of Monte Gargano, and gives its name to the Gulf of Manf ...

has one exclave inside San Giovanni Rotondo, and San Giovanni Rotondo has one inside Manfredonia;

San Severo San Severo (; formerly spelled Sansevero and previously known as San Severino; ; ) is a (municipality) of inhabitants in the province of Foggia, Apulia, Southern Italy. Rising on the foot of the spur of Gargano, San Severo adjoins the communes ...

has two exclaves inside

Foggia Foggia (, ; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere delle Puglie, Tavoliere, also know ...

; Pietramontecorvino has four exclaves inside

Lucera Lucera (Neapolitan language, Lucerino: ) is an Italian city of 34,243 inhabitants in the province of Foggia in the region of Apulia, and the seat of the Diocese of Lucera-Troia. Located upon a flat knoll in the Tavoliere delle Puglie, Tavoliere ...

; Stornara has two exclaves inside

Orta Nova Orta Nova is a town and ''comune'' about from Foggia, in the region of Apulia, in southern Italy. It stretches to the southern part of the ''Tavoliere'' (Foggia's plain) on the right bank of the river Carapelle. The origins of the name "Orta" ar ...

. ** In

Basilicata Basilicata (, ; ), also known by its ancient name Lucania (, , ), is an administrative region in Southern Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia to the north and east, and Calabria to the south. It has two coastlines: a 30-kilometr ...

: the

Province of Matera The province of Matera (; Materano: ) is a province in the Basilicata region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Matera. It has an area of and a total population of 201,133; the city of Matera has a population of 61,204. The province contains ...

has an exclave inside the

Province of Potenza The province of Potenza (; Potentino: ) is a province in the Basilicata region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Potenza. Geography It has an area of and a total population of 369,538 (as of 2017). There are 100 ''comuni'' (singular: ''com ...

. ** In

Campania Campania is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy located in Southern Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islan ...

: Pannarano is an exclave of the

Province of Benevento The province of Benevento () is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Benevento. Geography The province has an area of 2,071 km2, and, as of 2017, a population of 279,127. There are 78 '' ...

inside the

Province of Avellino The province of Avellino () is a province in the Campania Campania is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy located in Southern Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea ...

. *** In the

Province of Caserta The province of Caserta () is a province in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Caserta, situated about by road north of Naples. The province has an area of , and a population of 907,442. The Palace of Caserta is located nea ...

Caserta Caserta ( ; ) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial ''comune'' and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometres north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian p ...

has three exclaves inside

Capua Capua ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Caserta, in the region of Campania, southern Italy, located on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. History Ancient era The name of Capua comes from the Etruscan ''Capeva''. The ...

. *** In the

Metropolitan City of Naples The Metropolitan City of Naples () is a Metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Naples. The province was established on 1 January 2015 and contains 92 ''comuni'' (: ''comune''). ...

Ottaviano Ottaviano (; known until 1933 as Ottaiano in Italian) is a (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region of Campania, located about east of Naples and is located in the Vesuvian Area. Ottaviano was in Roman times a h ...

has two small exclaves within

Nola Nola is a town and a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, southern Italy. It lies on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. It is traditionally credited as the diocese that introduced bells to Christian worship. ...

. ** In

Friuli-Venezia Giulia Friuli-Venezia Giulia () is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea. Friuli-Venezia Giulia has an area of and a ...

: Grimacco has an enclave within Drenchia, and Drenchia has one in Grimacco. ** In

Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

*** In the

Province of Pavia The province of Pavia () is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Pavia. , the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of ; the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205. History T ...

: Pieve del Cairo has enclave inside Mezzana Bigli. ** In

Marche Marche ( ; ), in English sometimes referred to as the Marches ( ) from the Italian name of the region (Le Marche), is one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. The region is located in the Central Italy, central area of the country, ...

: the

Province of Pesaro and Urbino The province of Pesaro and Urbino (, ) is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pesaro. It also borders the state of San Marino. The province is surrounded by San Marino and Emilia Romagna in the north, Umbria and ...

(the municipality of Monte Porzio) has two small exclaves within the

Province of Ancona The province of Ancona () is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Ancona, and the province borders the Adriatic Sea. The city of Ancona is also the capital of Marche. To the north, the province ...

. ** In

Molise Molise ( , ; ; , ) is a Regions of Italy, region in Southern Italy. Until 1963, it formed part of the region of Abruzzi e Molise together with Abruzzo. The split, which did not become effective until 1970, makes Molise the newest region in Ital ...

: *** In the

Province of Campobasso The province of Campobasso (; ) is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Molise region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Campobasso. It covers an area of and has a total population of 223,871 (2017). There are 84 ''comuni'' (: ''comune'') in ...

Montenero di Bisaccia Montenero di Bisaccia is a small hill top town and ''comune'' (municipality). It is in the Province of Campobasso, which is in the region of Molise, in Italy. It is about inland from the coast, and about north of Campobasso. The nearest large tow ...

has an exclave inside

Tavenna Tavenna is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italy, Italian region Molise, located about north of Campobasso. Tavenna borders the following municipalities: Acquaviva Collecroce, Mafalda (Italy), Mafalda, Montenero d ...

. ** In

Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...

, the

Province of Cuneo The province of Cuneo (; ) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ( departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the ...

has an enclave (Carutti in the municipality of

Barge A barge is typically a flat-bottomed boat, flat-bottomed vessel which does not have its own means of mechanical propulsion. Original use was on inland waterways, while modern use is on both inland and ocean, marine water environments. The firs ...

) inside the

Metropolitan City of Turin The Metropolitan City of Turin (; Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ''sità metropolitan-a 'd Turin'') is a Metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the prov ...

. *** In the

Province of Asti The province of Asti (; Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ''provincia d'Ast'') is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Asti. To the northwest it borders on the Metropolitan City of Turin; ...

, Soglio has two and

Cinaglio Cinaglio is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about northwest of Asti. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 470 and an area of .All demographics an ...

one exclave inside

Camerano Casasco Camerano Casasco is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about northwest of Asti. Camerano Casasco borders the following municipalities: Chiusano d'Asti, Cin ...

. *** In the

, Carignano has three exclaves inside

Carmagnola Carmagnola (; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located south of Turin. The town is on the right side of the Po river. The nature of the soil determined over time how the river's ...

. ** In

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

, the

Metropolitan City of Palermo The Metropolitan City of Palermo (; ) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Palermo. It replaced the province of Palermo and comprises the city of Palermo and 82 other ''comuni'' (: ''comune''). It has 1,194,439 in ...

has an enclave within

Agrigento Agrigento (; or ) is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy and capital of the province of Agrigento. Founded around 582 BC by Greek colonists from Gela, Agrigento, then known as Akragas, was one of the leading cities during the golden ...

(San Biagio); the province of

Caltanissetta Caltanissetta (Sicilian language, Sicilian: ''Cartanissètta)'' is an Italian comune with a population of 58,012 inhabitants, serving as the capital of the Province of Caltanissetta, free municipal consortium of Caltanissetta in Sicily. The earl ...

has an enclave within Palermo (

Resuttano Resuttano ( Sicilian: ''Rastanu'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Caltanissetta in the Italian region of Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo and about north of Caltanissetta Caltanissetta (Sicilian language, Sicilian: ...

); and the province of

Enna Enna ( or ; ; , less frequently ), known from the Middle Ages until 1926 as Castrogiovanni ( ), is a city and located roughly at the center of Sicily, southern Italy, in the province of Enna, towering above the surrounding countryside. It has e ...

has an enclave within Caltanissetta. *** In the

Roccapalumba Roccapalumba ( Sicilian: ''Roccapalumma'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo. Roccapalumba is located 64 km southeast of Palermo and borders the fo ...

has an exclave within

Caccamo Caccamo ( Sicilian: ''Càccamu'') is a town and ''comune'' located on the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily in the Metropolitan City of Palermo. History The official founding of Caccamo was not until 1093, when the Normans started to build the castle ...

. *** In the

Province of Trapani The province of Trapani (; ; officially ''libero consorzio comunale di Trapani'') is a Provinces of Italy, province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by ...

: Gibellina has a small exclave within Santa Ninfa. *** In the

Province of Enna The province of Enna (; Sicilian: ''pruvincia di Enna''; officially ''libero consorzio comunale di Enna'') is a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. It was created in 1927, out of parts of the provinces of Caltanisetta an ...

Piazza Armerina Piazza Armerina (Gallo-Italic of Sicily: ''Ciazza''; Sicilian: ''Chiazza'') is a ''comune'' in the province of Enna of the autonomous island region of Sicily, southern Italy. History The city of Piazza (as it was called before 1862) developed ...

has one exclave within

and another one within Aidone. *** In the

Province of Caltanissetta The province of Caltanissetta (; or ; officially ''libero consorzio comunale di Caltanissetta'') is a Provinces of Italy, province in the southern part of Sicily, Italy. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 20 ...

: Serradifalco has an exclave inside

. ** In

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol ( ; ; ), often known in English as Trentino-South Tyrol or by its shorter Italian name Trentino-Alto Adige, is an Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Italy, located in the ...

: *** In the Autonomous Province of Trentino: Pellizzano has an exclave within Peio; Calliano has an exclave inside Besenello. * In

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

: ** The

Aichi Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,461,111 () and a geographic area of with a population density of . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the ...

town and city on Kōta, has an exclave surrounded by Nishio. ** The ward of

Nagoya is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the list of cities in Japan, fourth-most populous city in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020, and the principal city of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, which is the List of ...

has an enclave, also known Honjigaoka, that is surrounded by Owariasahi. ** The city of

Fujiyoshida is a Cities of Japan, city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 48,782 in 19,806 households and a population density of 400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Geography Fujiyoshida lie ...

and town of Fujikawaguchiko in

Yamanashi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Yamanashi Prefecture has a population of 787,592 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,465 km2 (1,724 sq mi). Yamanashi Prefecture borders Saitama Prefecture to the n ...

have enclaves within each other: *** Fujiyoshida in has two exclaves within Fujikawaguchiko. *** Fujikawaguchiko has three exclaves within Fujiyoshida, one being a

Shinto Shrine A Stuart D. B. Picken, 1994. p. xxiii is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more kami, , the deities of the Shinto religion. The Also called the . is where a shrine's patron is or are enshrined.Iwanami Japanese dic ...

Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu, with a summit elevation of . It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest volcano on any Asian island (after Mount Kerinci on the Indonesian island of Sumatra), a ...

. ** The city of

Funabashi is a Cities of Japan, city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 644,668 in 309,238 households and a population density of . The total area of the city is . It is the Greater Tokyo Area's 7th most populat ...

Chiba Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Chiba Prefecture has a population of 6,278,060 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of . Chiba Prefecture borders Ibaraki Prefecture to the north, Saitama ...

, has an enclave surrounded by Kamagaya ** The town of Kasagi,

Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...

has an exclave surrounded by the city of Kizugawa ** The city of Ide, Kyoto has an exclave surrounded by Kizugawa. ** The town of Kumiyama, Kyoto has an exclave surrounded by Uji * In

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

Sandefjord Municipality Sandefjord () is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located in the Traditional districts of Norway, traditional district of Vestfold. The administrative centre of the municipality is the Sandefjord ...

has one exclave, Himberg, located inside the neighbouring

Larvik Municipality Larvik () is a municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Vestfold. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. Other main population centres in the municipality include the ...

. **

Malvik Municipality Malvik is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Trøndelag Counties of Norway, county, Norway. It is part of the Trondheim Region. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Hommelvik. Other villages in Malvik i ...

includes three farmsteads, Øvre Jøsås, Store Jøsås and Lille Jøsås, forming two separate enclaves that are surrounded by Stjørdal Municipality. The eastern enclave at consists of Øvre Jøsås and Store Jøsås, while Lille Jøsås is the western enclave at . The closest distance between the two enclaves was only about . * In the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

: ** Manila South Cemetery is an exclave of the district of San Andres, located in the capital city of

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

. It is divided and surrounded by

Makati Makati ( ; ), officially the City of Makati (), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concent ...

. * In

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

: ** Two fragments of the village of Jaworze in the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of Jaworze, which belong to

Bielsko County __NOTOC__ Bielsko County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. I ...

Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship ( ) is an administrative province in southern Poland. With over 4.2 million residents and an area of 12,300 square kilometers, it is the second-most populous, and the most-densely populated and most-urbanized region of Poland ...

, are surrounded by the municipality of Brena in

Cieszyn County __NOTOC__ Cieszyn County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local gove ...

, Silesian Voivodeship. One exclave has an area of 2 ha and lies around 10 m from the rest of the county, while the other exclave has an area of 5 ha and lies around 50 m from the rest of the county. Both exclaves lie around 80 m from each other. ** A plot of land, No. 2056, which belongs to the city-county of

Gdynia Gdynia is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With an estimated population of 257,000, it is the List of cities in Poland, 12th-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the Pomeranian Voivodeship after Gdańsk ...

is an exclave surrounded by the

of Kosakowo in

Puck County __NOTOC__ Puck County (, ) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. The ''powiat'' of this name existed in the history of Poland, since the times of th ...

Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship ( ; ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. The provincial capital is Gdańsk. The voivodeship was established on January 1, 1999, out of the former voivodeships of Gdańsk Voivo ...

. ** A small portion of the

Goczałkowice-Zdrój Goczałkowice-Zdrój (German: Bad Gottschalkowitz) is a village in Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Goczałkowice-Zdrój. It lies approximately south o ...

, which belongs to

Pszczyna County __NOTOC__ Pszczyna County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. I ...

, is an exclave surrounded by the municipality of Chybie in

, Silesian Voivodeship. It is separated from the rest of the county by a narrow strip of land, with a width of around 35 m, which contains the railway tracks owned by Cieszyn County. ** Two small fragments of the village of Koźminiec in the

of Dobrzyca in

Pleszew County __NOTOC__ Pleszew County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed i ...

Greater Poland Voivodeship Greater Poland Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. The province is named after the region called Greater Poland (''Wielkopolska'' ). The modern province includes most of this historic re ...

, are exclaves surrounded by the municipality of Rozdrażew in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship. ** The village of Lisek, which belongs to the

of Fabianki, in

Włocławek County __NOTOC__ Włocławek County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reform ...

, Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship, is separated from the rest of the county by the municipalities of Lipno and Bobrowniki in

Lipno County __NOTOC__ Lipno County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was formed on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed i ...

, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The enclave has an area of 5 km² and is located about 1.5 km from the rest of municipality. ** A small portion of the village of Chyża located within

Zamość County __NOTOC__ Zamość County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its ...

Lublin Voivodeship Lublin Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin. The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lu ...

, is an enclave, which is an exclave separated from the rest of the village by a strip of land that belongs to the city-county of

Zamość Zamość (; ; ) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about from Lublin, from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021. Zamość was founded in 1580 by Jan Zamoyski ...

. The exclave has an area of 10.5 ha, while the strip of land separating it has a width of 90 m. ** A small portion of the

Zduńska Wola Zduńska Wola is a city in central Poland with 40,730 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of Zduńska Wola County in the Łódź Voivodeship. The city was once one of the largest cloth, linen and cotton weaving centres in Poland and is the birthpla ...

, which belongs to

Zduńska Wola County __NOTOC__ Zduńska Wola County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998 ...

Łódź Voivodeship Łódź Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (province) of Poland. The province is named after its capital and largest city, Łódź, pronounced . Łódź Voivodeship is bordered by six other voivodeships: Masovian Voivodeship ...

, is an exclave surrounded by the municipality of

Sieradz Sieradz (,) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land. Sieradz is one of the olde ...

Sieradz County __NOTOC__ Sieradz County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its ...

, Łódź Voivodeship. The exclave has an area of 1.2 km² and is located about 100 m from the main portion of the county. * In

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, as a consequence of administrative reforms during the 19th century (in the 1830s, then again in the 1850s, and to a much lesser extent in the 1890s), as well as more recent legislation forbidding the creation of territorial discontinuities,Art. 4, № 5 of Law № 142/85, from 18 November (law on the creation of municipalities)Art. 6, № 1 of Law № 8/93, from 5 March (law on the creation of civil parishes) there are almost no sub-national exclaves or enclaves, and the few that persist are on the municipal or civil parish level: ** In the

Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ), officially the City of Coimbra (), is a city and a concelho, municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2021 census was 140,796, in an area of . The fourth-largest agglomerated urban area in Po ...

municipality, the civil parish of Taveiro has an exclave that is enclaved within the civil parish of Ribeira de Frades. ** In the Vila Real de Santo António municipality, the entire civil parish of Vila Nova de Cacela is an exclave that is enclaved within the

Castro Marim Castro Marim (), officially the Town of Castro Marim (), is a town and a municipality in the southern region of Algarve, in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 6,747, in an area of 300.84 km2. The current mayor is Francisco Amaral, elected ...

municipality. * In

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, within the city of

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

, the

Western Administrative Okrug Western Administrative Okrug (), or Zapadny Administrativny Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia.Law #13-47 As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,2 ...

has three exclaves that are not exclaves of Moscow itself. Two of them make up Vnukovo District, and one of these is enclaved by the

Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug () is one of the twelve administrative okrugs of Moscow. The okrug was created on July 1, 2012. The administrative center of Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug is the town of Moskovsky. Territorial orga ...

. Vnukovo was an exclave of Moscow until the 2012 creation of "New Moscow". * In

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

the following provincial level exclaves that are also enclaves exist: ** In

Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...

, Villar is an exclave of the province of Córdoba within the

province of Seville The Province of Seville () is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Córdoba in the ...

. ** In

Castile and León Castile and León is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwestern Spain. Castile and León is the largest autonomous community in Spain by area, covering 94,222 km2. It is, however, sparsely populated, with a pop ...

: *** is an exclave of the

province of Valladolid Valladolid () is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has a population of 525,398 across a total of 225 municipalities, an area of , meaning a population density of 64.77 people ...

within the

province of León León (, ; ; ; ) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the c ...

. *** Villodrigo and Aguanares are exclaves of the

province of Palencia Palencia is a Provinces of Spain, province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provi ...

within the

province of Burgos The province of Burgos is a Provinces of Spain, province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia (p ...

. *** is an exclave of the

within the

. ** In

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

: *** is an exclave of the

province of Tarragona Tarragona (; ) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Castellón, Teruel, Zaragoza, Lleida and Barcelona and by the Mediterranean Sea. The province's po ...

within the

province of Barcelona Barcelona (; ) is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is .province of Lleida The Province of Lleida (; ; ) is one of the four provinces of Catalonia. It lies in northeastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, and is bordered by the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona, Zarag ...

within the

province of Barcelona Barcelona (; ) is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is .Rovira de Baix Rovira may refer to: * Rovira, Tolima, Colombia * Rovira, Chiriquí, Panama * Rovira (surname) {{disambig ...

is an exclave of the

province of Girona The Province of Girona ( ; ) is a Provinces of Spain, province in the northeastern part of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered on the northwest by the province of Lleida, on the southwest ...

within the

. * In

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

many

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

have exclaves (most notably the municipalities of

Dalarna County Dalarna County () is a county or '' län'' in central Sweden (Svealand). It borders on the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It also borders on the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Trøndelag to ...

). * In the

United States of America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguo ...

: ** In

Alaska Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the north ...

, the community of Klukwan is surrounded by Haines Borough, even though the community is part of the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, which is in turn part of the Unorganized Borough. ** In

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

*** San Jose has eight exclaves surrounded by unincorporated

Santa Clara County Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is the sixth-most populous county in the U.S. state of California, with a population of 1,936,259 as of the 2020 census. Santa Clara County and neighboring San Benito County form the ...

, one of which is connected at a quadripoint. ***

Vacaville Vacaville is a city located in Solano County, California, United States. It is located from Sacramento, California, Sacramento and from San Francisco, it is on the edge of the Sacramento Valley in Northern California. The city was founded in ...

has two exclaves, both surrounded by unincorporated Solano County. One is separated from the main city limits by the unincorporated village of Elmira. ***

Adelanto Adelanto (Spanish for "Advance") is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is approximately northwest of Victorville in the Victor Valley area of the Mojave Desert, in the northern region of the Inland Empire.Linthicum ...

has three exclaves, surrounded by incorporated Victorville. ***

San Bernardino San Bernardino ( ) is a city in and the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, the city had a population of 222,101 in the 2020 census, making it the List of ...

has two exclaves, surrounded by unincorporated San Bernardino County. *** Loma Linda has three exclaves, surrounded by the city of San Bernardino *** Redlands has four exclaves. One surrounded by the city of San Bernardino, and three surrounded by unincorporated San Bernardino county ** In

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

, Arapahoe County has seven exclaves within the City and County of Denver, including the city of Glendale and the unincorporated neighborhood of Holly Hills. In turn, Denver has a counter-exclave surrounded by Glendale. Jefferson County also has five exclaves, three of which are surrounded by Denver. Additionally,

Boulder In geology, a boulder (or rarely bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than in diameter. Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive. In ...

and Weld counties both have an exclave within the City and County of Broomfield, and Broomfield has an exclave in Boulder County. ** In

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

, Bibb County has an exclave within Monroe County. This boundary is disputed, however. ** In

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

, following the merger of the

Louisville Louisville is the most populous city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, sixth-most populous city in the Southeast, and the 27th-most-populous city in the United States. By land area, it is the country's 24th-largest city; however, by populatio ...

and Jefferson County governments in 2003, the new Louisville Metro has several disjoint parcels of land throughout the county, of which some are enclaves in other cities. ** In

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

Mendota Heights Mendota Heights ( ) is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States. It is a first-ring southern suburb of the Twin Cities. The population was 11,744 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has ...

has an exclave that is surrounded by Lilydale. ** In

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

, Middletown Township in Monmouth County has an exclave surrounded by the borough of Keansburg. ** In

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

: *** In Montgomery County, there are several cities with enclaves and exclaves.

Dayton Dayton () is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of cities in Ohio, sixth-most populous city in Ohio, with a population of 137,644 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Dayton metro ...

has one exclave, consisting of Dayton International Airport. Dayton also surrounds several enclaves that belong to the cities of Trotwood and Riverside. Riverside also has several exclaves that border more than one city as well as additional parcels that are connected to the city only by a roadway. Clayton contains several enclaves surrounded by Englewood and one that is completely surrounded by Union. Other than Dayton's exclave, these enclaves and exclaves were formed by municipality-township mergers in the 1990s. *** In Summit County: **** The city of Cuyahoga Falls has four small enclave/exclaves along its border with the city of

Akron Akron () is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is the fifth-most populous city in Ohio, with a population of 190,469 at the 2020 census. The Akron metropolitan area, covering Summit and Portage counties, had ...

. Several houses along Smith Road are legally in the Falls, while neighbors and municipal lands on all sides of the properties are legally within Akron. **** Bath Township has four exclaves, of which one is an enclave of Akron. **** Springfield Township has six exclaves, of which two are enclaves in Akron. **** Coventry Township has six exclaves, of which five are enclaves in Akron. Two of these are joined at a quadripoint. **** Twinsburg Township has seven exclaves, of which four are enclaves in the city of

Twinsburg Twinsburg is a suburban city in Summit County, Ohio, United States, located midway between Akron, Ohio, Akron and Cleveland. The population was 19,248 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Akron metropolitan area. History The first person to s ...

. The city in turn has one piece connected by only a quadripoint, otherwise surrounded by the township. ** In

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

, the location of several businesses, including the world headquarters of

Nike, Inc. Nike, Inc. (stylized as ''NIKE'') is an American athletic footwear and apparel corporation headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, ...

, is surrounded by the city of Beaverton, but is within unincorporated Washington County. ** In

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

, Cumru Township in Berks County has two exclaves, both separated by the city of

Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of Visual perception, sight or Somatosensory system, touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifacete ...

, and one of them is an enclave in Reading. ** In

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

: ***

Loudon County, Tennessee Loudon County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in the central part of East Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,886. Its county seat is Loudon. Loudon County is included in the Knoxville, TN Metro ...

has two exclaves, one of which is surrounded by Monroe County. There is a third parcel connected at a quadripoint, but otherwise surrounded by Roane County. *** Dickson County has an exclave surrounded by Cheatham County. *** Davidson County has an exclave surrounded by Wilson County. ** In

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

, Fairfax County has an exclave within the City of Fairfax that houses the county courthouse and some other county governmental offices. Prince William County has an exclave within the City of Manassas that houses the county courthouse and some other county governmental offices. Montgomery County has a small exclave consisting of two houses inside the independent city of Radford. Note that in Virginia, communities that are incorporated as ''cities'' are completely separate from counties; see Political subdivisions of Virginia.

Enclaves that are not exclaves

Each enclave listed in this section has a legal status equivalent to the one other entity that entirely surrounds it. None of the enclaves has a separate main region of which it is a part.

National level

Some enclaves are sovereign states, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not

exclave An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is s ...

s. Three such sovereign countries exist: The same logic applies to many of the sub-national enclaves listed immediately following.

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

* In

: ** In

New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...

, the City of Broken Hill is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. ** In

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...

: *** The District Council of Coober Pedy is surrounded by the

Outback Communities Authority The Outback Communities Authority (OCA) is a statutory authority in South Australia (SA) created under the ''Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009''. It has been established to "manage the provision of public services and f ...

. *** The City of Mount Gambier is surrounded by the District Council of Grant. *** The Municipal Council of Roxby Downs is surrounded by the

. ** In

*** The Cherbourg Aboriginal Shire Council is surrounded by the South Burnett Regional Council. ** In the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...

*** The

Town of Alice Springs The Alice Springs Town Council is a local government area in the Northern Territory. On 1 July 1971, Alice Springs was gazetted as a Municipality with the town council elected on 25 July 1971. It is situated south of Darwin. The council governs ...

is surrounded by the MacDonnell Regional Council. ** In Victoria, a few unincorporated areas for ski resorts form enclaves within the surrounding shires: Falls Creek and Mount Hotham within Alpine Shire and

Mount Baw Baw Mount Baw Baw () is a mountain summit on the Baw-Baw Plateau of the Great Dividing Range, located in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The name is from the Yarra-Yallou, Gunna-Kurnai people of Gippsland. It is of uncertain meaning, but possibly ...

Baw Baw Shire The Shire of Baw Baw () is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, in the eastern part of the state. It covers an area of and in 2021 had a population of 57,626. It includes the towns of Drouin, Longwarry, Neerim South, Trafalgar ...

. In addition,

Mount Buller Mount Buller is primarily a resort town on the slopes of Mount Buller (Victoria), Mount Buller, within Mount Buller Alpine Resort, an unincorporated area of the Australian state of Victoria (Australia), Victoria. It is located approximately n ...

and Mount Stirling share a border with each other, but are surrounded by Mansfield Shire. * In

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

: In

Tyrol Tyrol ( ; historically the Tyrole; ; ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, f ...

, Innsbruck-Land District completely surrounds the district of

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the ...

. * In

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

: ** In

Goiás Goiás () is a Brazilian States of Brazil, state located in the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region. Goiás borders the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Ge ...

: Portelândia is surrounded by

Mineiros Mineiros, population 70,081, is a municipality in the southwest of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Mineiros is the westernmost city in Goiás and a great producer of cattle, soybeans, and corn. Mineiros is located 430 km from the state capital ...

. ** In

Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul ( ) is one of Federative units of Brazil, Brazil's 27 federal units, located in the southern part of the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West Region, bordering five Brazilian states: Mato Grosso (to the north), Goiás and ...

: Ladário is surrounded by

Corumbá Corumbá () is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, 425 km northwest of Campo Grande, the state's capital. It has a population of approximately 112,000 inhabitants, and its economy is based mainly on agriculture, ani ...

. ** In

Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, ; ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative units of Brazil#List, fifth-most populous state and the List of Brazilian s ...

: Arroio do Padre is surrounded by

Pelotas Pelotas () is a Brazilian city and Municipalities of Brazil, municipality (''município''), the fourth Largest cities in Rio Grande do Sul by population, most populous in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, after Porto Alegre, Caxias do Su ...

. ** In

São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...

: Águas de São Pedro is surrounded by São Pedro. * In

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

: **In

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

, the city of

Westmount Westmount () is a city on the Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is an enclave of the city of Montreal, with a population of 19,658 as of the 2021 Canadian census. Westmount is home to schools, an arena, a pool, a public li ...

, the town of

Mount Royal Mount Royal (, ) is a mountain in the city of Montreal, immediately west of Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The city's name is derived from the mountain's name. The mountain is part of the Monteregian Hills situated between the Laurentian M ...

, and, collectively, the municipalities of

Hampstead Hampstead () is an area in London, England, which lies northwest of Charing Cross, located mainly in the London Borough of Camden, with a small part in the London Borough of Barnet. It borders Highgate and Golders Green to the north, Belsiz ...

Côte Saint-Luc Côte Saint-Luc () is a city on the Island of Montreal in Quebec, Canada. It is a mostly residential suburb of Montreal, within which it forms an enclave. The city is primarily English-speaking, with a large Jewish community. Geography Côte S ...

and Montreal West (Montréal-Ouest) are all enclaves in the city of

Montreal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...

. Similarly, the city of

L'Ancienne-Lorette L'Ancienne-Lorette () is a city in central Quebec, Canada. It is a suburb of and an enclave within Quebec City. It was merged with Quebec City on January 1, 2002, as part of a 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec, but, after a 2004 r ...

is an enclave in

Quebec City Quebec City is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a populati ...

after the demerger on 1 January 2006. * In the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

: In the

Xinjiang Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC romanization, SASM/GNC: Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People' ...

autonomous region, the prefecture-level city of

Karamay Karamay (also spelled Karamai) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is surrounded on all sides by Tacheng Prefecture. The name of the city comes from the Uyghur langu ...

(that has two non-contiguous parts) and the county-level city of

Kuytun Kuytun () or Kuitun ( zh, c=奎屯) is a county-level city with about 285,000 residents (2000 census) in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. Kuitun is located between Wusu and Shihezi on the Lanxin railway, railway from Ürümqi t ...

(a part of the

Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Yining, also known as Ghulja or Kulja. Covering an area of 268,591 square kilometres (16.18 per cent of Xinjiang), Ili Prefecture shares ...

) are completely surrounded by the

Tacheng Prefecture Tacheng Prefecture ( zh, s=塔城地区, p=Tǎchéng dìqū) is located in northern Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. It has an area of and a population of 992,444 (2020). It is a part of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The prefecture leve ...

(that is also technically part of the

). * In

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

, in the Capital District, La Candelaria locality is an enclave within Santa Fe locality. * In

, two towns are enclaves, surrounded by a single parish: **

Viljandi Viljandi (, , , , ) is a Populated places in Estonia, town and Municipalities of Estonia, municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major ...

town is surrounded by

Viljandi Parish Viljandi Parish () is a rural Municipalities of Estonia, municipality of Viljandi County, Estonia. It is located around the town of Viljandi, but does not include it. Viljandi Parish was established by merging four municipalities: Paistu Parish, ...

Võru Võru (; ; ) is a town and a municipality in south-eastern Estonia. It is the capital of Võru County and the centre of Võru Parish. History Võru was founded on 21 August 1784, at the request of the Empress Catherine II of Russia, by the o ...

town is surrounded by

Võru Parish Võru Parish (; ) is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Võru County Võru County ( or ''Võrumaa''; ) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's ...

* In

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

: **The town and woreda of Debre Berhan is an enclave inside Basona Werana ("Baso and Werana") woreda, located in the Semien Shewa Zone in the

Amhara Region The Amhara Region (), officially the Amhara National Regional State (), is a Regions of Ethiopia, regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara people, Amhara, Awi people, Awi, Xamir people, Xamir, Argobba people, Argobba, a ...

. **The city and separate woreda of Gambela is surrounded by Gambela Zuria ("Greater Gambela") woreda, located in the Anuak Zone in the

Gambela Region The Gambela Region, also spelled Gambella, and officially the Gambela Peoples' Region (), is a regional state in western Ethiopia. Previously known as Region 12, its capital and largest city is Gambela. It is bordered by the Oromia Region to t ...

. **The city and special zone of

Mek'ele Mekelle (), or Mek'ele, is a List of zones of Ethiopia, special zone and capital city, capital of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Mekelle was formerly the capital of Enderta province, Enderta Awrajja, awraja in Tigray Province, Tigray. It is locate ...

(comprising two woredas) is an enclave within Enderta woreda, located in the Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone in the

Tigray Region The Tigray Region (or simply Tigray; officially the Tigray National Regional State) is the northernmost Regions of Ethiopia, regional state in Ethiopia. The Tigray Region is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob people, Irob and Kunama people. I ...

. **The town and woreda of Weldiya is an enclave inside Guba Lafto woreda, located in the

Semien Wollo Zone North Wollo (Amharic: ሰሜን ወሎ) also called Semien Wollo, is a zone in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It is bordered on the south by South Wollo, on the west by South Gondar, on the north by Wag Hemra, on the northeast by Tigray Region, a ...

in the

. **The town and woreda of Debre Marqos is an enclave inside Guzamn woreda, located in the Misraq Gojjam Zone in the

. * In

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

: **The town of

Kauniainen Kauniainen (; ) is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Kauniainen is situated in the southern part of the Uusimaa region, and it is Enclave and exclave, enclaved by the City of Espoo. The population of Kauniainen ...

is enclosed by the city of

Espoo Espoo (, ; ) is a city in Finland. It is located to the west of the capital, Helsinki, in southern Uusimaa. The population is approximately . It is the most populous Municipalities of Finland, municipality in Finland. Espoo is part of the Helsi ...

. The two are located west of

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

, in the

Helsinki Metropolitan Area Helsinki metropolitan area (, ) or Greater Helsinki (, ) is the metropolitan area around Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. It also includes the smaller Helsinki capital region, capital region. The terms Helsinki metropolitan area, Greater H ...

. **The municipality of

Enonkoski Enonkoski () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is encircled by the city of Savonlinna in the Southern Savonia regions of Finland, region. It is the smallest municipality in Southern Savonia in terms of population. History ...

is encircled by the city of

Savonlinna Savonlinna (, , ; ) is a town in Finland, located in the eastern interior of the country. It lies in the Finnish Lakeland, the South Savo region. The population of Savonlinna is approximately , while the Savonlinna sub-region, sub-region has a pop ...

. * In

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

, the municipality of

Hveragerði Hveragerði (, "hot-spring yard") is a town and municipality in the south of Iceland, 45 km east of Reykjavík on Iceland's main ringroad, Route 1. The river Varmá runs through the town. With an area of 9 square kilometers, Hveragerði ...

is an enclave in Sveitarfélagið Ölfus. * In

: ** In

North Sumatra North Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It borders Aceh to the northwest, Riau to the sou ...

: *** Padang Sidempuan City is surrounded by South Tapanuli Regency. ***

Pematangsiantar Pematangsiantar (sometimes written as Pematang Siantar, acronym PS or ''P. Siantar'', colloquially just Siantar), and also known as the City of Pematangsiantar, is an independent city in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia, surrounded by, but not ...

City is surrounded by

Simalungun Regency Simalungun Regency is a regency in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. Its seat was formerly at Pematangsiantar, but this city was under Law No.15 of 10 March 1986 was separated from the Regency and made into an independent city (''kota''), alth ...

. *** Tanjungbalai City is surrounded by Asahan Regency. *** Tebing Tinggi City is surrounded by Serdang Bedagai Regency. ** In

West Sumatra West Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is on the west coast of the island of Sumatra and includes the Mentawai Islands off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of ...

: ***

Bukittinggi Bukittinggi (, Jawi script, Jawi: , formerly ) is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 121,028 in 2020.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. An official es ...

City is surrounded by Agam Regency. *** Payakumbuh City is surrounded by

Lima Puluh Kota Regency Lima Puluh Kota Regency (meaning ''fifty towns'' in the Minangkabau language) is a Regency (Indonesia), regency ''(kabupaten)'' of West Sumatra province, Indonesia. It has an area of 3,273.40 km2 and a population of 348,249 according to the ...

. ** In

Jambi Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of i ...

City is surrounded by Muaro Jambi Regency. ** In

West Java West Java (, ) is an Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten and the country's capital region of Jakarta to t ...

: ***

Bogor Bogor City (), or Bogor (, ), is a landlocked city in the West Java, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.

City is surrounded by Bogor Regency. ***

Sukabumi Sukabumi () is a landlocked city surrounded by the Sukabumi Regency, regency of the same name (within which it is an enclave and exclave, enclave) in the southern foothills of Mount Gede, in West Java, Indonesia, about south of the national ca ...

City is surrounded by

Sukabumi Regency Sukabumi Regency (; Sundanese: ) is a regency ''(kabupaten)'' in southwestern Java, as part of West Java province of Indonesia. The regency seat is located in Palabuhan Ratu, a coastal district facing the Indian Ocean. The regency fully encirc ...

. ** In

Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...

: ***

Magelang Magelang () is one of six cities in Central Java, the Central Java Province of Indonesia that are administratively independent of the regencies in which they lie geographically. Each of these cities is governed by a mayor rather than a Subdivi ...

City is surrounded by

Magelang Regency Magelang () is a regency in Central Java, Indonesia, famous for its 9th century Buddhist temple of Borobudur. Its capital is Mungkid. It covers an area of 1,129.98 km2 and had a population of 1,181,723 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statist ...

. ***

Salatiga Salatiga () is a Cities of Indonesia, city in Central Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of and had a population of 192,322 at the 2020 Indonesian census, 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at m ...

City is surrounded by

Semarang Regency Semarang is a landlocked Regencies of Indonesia, regency () in Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,019.27 km2 and had a population of 930,727 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,053,094 at the ...

. ** In

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

: ***

Blitar Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...

City is surrounded by

Blitar Regency Blitar Regency () is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,558.79 km2 and had a population of 1,116,639 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,223,745 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 20 ...

. *** Kediri City is surrounded by

Kediri Regency Kediri Regency () is a regency (''kabupaten'') located in East Java province, Indonesia. It is one of two ' Daerah Tingkat II' that has the name 'Kediri' (the other is the City of Kediri, which is separate from the Regency). The Regency covers an ...

. ***

Malang Malang (; , ), historically known as Tumapel, is an inland List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of East Java. It has a history dating back to the age of the Singhasari, Singhasari K ...

City is surrounded by

Malang Regency Malang Regency (Javanese script, Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦩꦭꦁ; Pegon script, Pegon: كابوڤاتين مالاڠ; Osob Kiwalan: ''ngalaM'') is the second largest Regency (Indonesia), regency in East Java, Indonesia, with a total a ...

. ** In

East Kalimantan East Kalimantan (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo/Kalimantan. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the cu ...

Samarinda Samarinda is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of . Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten City qu ...

City is surrounded by

. ** In

North Sulawesi North Sulawesi () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is mainly located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia, but also includes various small archipel ...

, Tomohon City is surrounded by

Minahasa Regency Minahasa Regency is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its capital is Tondano. It covers an area of 1,141.64 km2 and had a population of 310,384 at the 2010 Census;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. this rose to ...

. * In

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

: ** In

Kildare County Council Kildare County Council () is the Local government in the Republic of Ireland, local authority of County Kildare, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for ...

Naas Naas ( ; or ) is the county town of County Kildare in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. In 2022, it had a population of 26,180, making it the largest town in County Kildare (ahead of Newbridge, County Kildare, Newbridge) and the List of urban ar ...

Urban

Electoral division An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such as a country, state or province, city, or administrative region, created to provid ...

is surrounded by Naas Rural ED. * In

: ** In

, in the

Province of Lecce The province of Lecce (; Salentino: ) is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lecce. The province is called the "Heel of Italy". Located on the Salento peninsula, it is the second most-populous province in Ap ...

, the municipality of Surbo is an enclave inside the municipality of

Lecce Lecce (; ) is a city in southern Italy and capital of the province of Lecce. It is on the Salentine Peninsula, at the heel of the Italian Peninsula, and is over two thousand years old. Because of its rich Baroque architecture, Lecce is n ...

. ** In

: *** In the

Province of Agrigento The province of Agrigento (; ) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy, situated on its south-western coast. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by the Free Municipal Consortium of Ag ...

: San Giovanni Gemini is an enclave inside Cammarata. *** In the

Province of Catania The province of Catania (; ) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Catania. It had an area of and a total population of about 1,116,917 as of 31 December 2014. Historically known also as ...

Maletto Maletto () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about east of Palermo and about northwest of Catania. Maletto borders the following municipalities: Adrano, Belpasso, Bia ...

is an

enclave An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is so ...

within Bronte and meets Bronte and eight other municipalities (

Adrano Adrano (; Adernò until 1929; ), ancient '' Adranon'', is a town and in the Metropolitan City of Catania on the east coast of Sicily. It is situated around northwest of Catania, which was also the capital of the province to which Adrano belo ...

Belpasso Belpasso () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo and about northwest of Catania. Belpasso is the second biggest comune of the Catania's area for ...

Biancavilla Biancavilla () is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. It is located between the towns of Adrano and S. Maria di Licodia, northwest of Catania. The town was founded and historically inhabited by th ...

Castiglione di Sicilia Castiglione di Sicilia ( Sicilian: ''Castigghiuni di Sicilia'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in Sicily, southern Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). C ...

Nicolosi Nicolosi () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo and about northwest of Catania. Nicolosi borders the following municipalities: Adrano, Belpasso ...

Randazzo Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta. Randazzo () is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. It is situated at the northern foot of Mount Etna, c. northwest of Catania. It is the nearest town to the summi ...

Sant'Alfio Saint Alphius (in Italian: Sant'Alfio) or () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italy, Italian region Sicily, about east of Palermo and about north of Catania. Saint Alphius borders the following municipal ...

Zafferana Etnea Zafferana Etnea (; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo and about north of Catania. The municipality of Zafferana Etnea contains the ''frazioni ...

) at one point at the top of

Mount Etna Mount Etna, or simply Etna ( or ; , or ; ; or ), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina, Italy, Messina and Catania. It is located above the Conve ...

. ** In

: *** In the Autonomous Province of Trentino: Samone is an enclave inside Castel Ivano. * In

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

, the political system where regional councils are distinct from

city councils A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough counci ...

leads to a plethora of subnational enclaves. For instance, **

Sderot Sderot (, , ; , sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District (Israel), Southern District of Israel. In , it had a population of . Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza St ...

is an enclave within the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. ** The

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu ( ; , singular ) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq). The Bedouin originated in the Sy ...

towns of

Rahat Rahat (, ) is an Arab Bedouin city in the Southern District (Israel), Southern District of Israel. In , it had a population of . As such, it is the largest Bedouin city in Israel, and the only one to have city council (Israel), city status. Ra ...

and Laqiya, as well as the suburb of

Lehavim Lehavim () is an affluent hamlet in southern Israel. Founded in 1983 and located in the northern Negev around 15 km north of Beersheba, it is a Local council (Israel), local council. In it had a population of . History Lehavim, originall ...

, are enclaves within the

Bnei Shimon Regional Council The Bnei Shimon Regional Council (, ''Mo'atza Azorit Bnei Shim'on'', ''lit.'' Regional Council 'Sons of Shimon'), is a regional council in the northern Negev in the south of Israel. Most of its territory lies north of Beersheba and the rest bounds ...

. **

Yeruham Yeruham () is a local council (Israel), town in the Southern District (Israel), Southern District of Israel, in the Negev desert. It covers , and had a population of in . It is named after the Hebrew Bible, Biblical Jeroham. Until early 2011 th ...

and

Mitzpe Ramon Mitzpe Ramon (, Ramon Lookout; ) is a local council in the Negev desert of southern Israel. It is situated on the northern ridge at an elevation of 860 meters (2,800 feet) overlooking the world's largest erosion cirque, known as the M ...

are enclaves in Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. **

Beit She'an Beit She'an ( '), also known as Beisan ( '), or Beth-shean, is a town in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. The town lies at the Beit She'an Valley about 120 m (394 feet) below sea level. Beit She'an is believed to ...

is an enclave within the Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council. * In

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

, a few city municipalities are enclaved in the district municipalities of the same names, including

Šiauliai Šiauliai ( ; ) is a city in northern Lithuania, the List of cities in Lithuania, country's fourth largest city and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, sixth largest city in the Baltic States, with a population of 112 581 in 202 ...

Panevėžys Panevėžys () is the fifth-largest List of cities in Lithuania, city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, eighth-most-populous city in the Baltic States. it occupies with 89,100 inhabitants. As defined by Eu ...

, and

Alytus Alytus () is a city with Town privileges, municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the List of cities in Lithuania, sixth-largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, 14th-largest city in the Baltic ...

. * In

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

, in the state of

Nuevo León Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...

, the municipality of Hualahuises is surrounded by the municipality of Linares. * In

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

, the Kawerau District

territorial authority Territorial authorities (Māori language, Māori: ''mana ā-rohe'') are a tier of local government in New Zealand, alongside regions of New Zealand, regional councils. There are 67 territorial authorities: 13 list of cities in New Zealand, city ...

is completely surrounded by the

Whakatāne District Whakatāne District is a territorial authority district on the North Island of New Zealand. The Whakatāne District Council is headquartered in the largest town, Whakatāne. The district falls within the Bay of Plenty Region. Victor Luca has ...

. * In

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

, in

South Pyongan South Pyongan Province (; ) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyon ...

province, Ch'ŏngnam district is an enclave in Mundŏk county. * In

, the municipal neighbourhood of Etap, in the city of

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

, within the district of Ursynów, is an enclave surrounded by the municipal neighbourhood of Jeziorki. Both were established in 1996. * In the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

(Taiwan):

Chiayi Chiayi (,), officially known as Chiayi City, is a Provincial city (Taiwan), city located in Chianan Plain in Regions of Taiwan, southwestern Taiwan, surrounded by Chiayi County with a population of 263,188 inhabitants as of January 2023. The H ...

City is an enclave of

Chiayi County Chiayi is a County (Taiwan), county in Taiwan. Located in Regions of Taiwan, southwestern Taiwan surrounding but not including Chiayi City, it is the sixth largest county in the island of Taiwan. Its major tourist destination is Alishan Natio ...

. * In

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

, București – Ilfov development region is enclaved within the

Sud Sud or SUD may refer to: Places * Sud (Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg constituency), a constituency in Luxembourg * Sud (department), an administrative subdivision of Haiti * Sud Department (Ivory Coast), defunct administrative subdivision of ...

(South) development region. * In

Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ...

, in Centrale Region, the prefecture of Blitta is surrounded by the prefecture of Sotouboua. * In the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

: ** The English unitary authorities of

Nottingham Nottingham ( , East Midlands English, locally ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located south-east of Sheffield and nor ...

Derby Derby ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area on the River Derwent, Derbyshire, River Derwent in Derbyshire, England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original co ...

Stoke-on-Trent Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It has an estimated population of 259,965 as of 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire ...

, and

Leicester Leicester ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city, Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area, and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. It is the largest city in the East Midlands with a popula ...

are enclaves in the administrative counties of

Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire (; abbreviated ''Notts.'') is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. The county is bordered by South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. Th ...

Derbyshire Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and South Yorkshire to the north, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south-east, Staffordshire to the south a ...

Staffordshire Staffordshire (; postal abbreviation ''Staffs''.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England. It borders Cheshire to the north-west, Derbyshire and Leicestershire to the east, ...

, and

Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warw ...

, respectively. ** In

Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia. It is bordered by Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfor ...

: the City of

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...

is a local government district completely surrounded by the district of

South Cambridgeshire South Cambridgeshire is a Non-metropolitan district, local government district of Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 162,119 at the 2021 census. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Chesterton Rural District and South Cambri ...

. ** In

Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in North West England. It is bordered by Merseyside to the north-west, Greater Manchester to the north-east, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire to the south-east, and Shrop ...

: the unpopulated

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...

Chester Castle Chester Castle is in the city of Chester, Cheshire, England. It is sited at the southwest extremity of the area bounded by the city walls. The castle stands on an eminence overlooking the River Dee. In the castle complex are the remaining par ...

is completely surrounded by the unparished area of

Chester Chester is a cathedral city in Cheshire, England, on the River Dee, Wales, River Dee, close to the England–Wales border. With a built-up area population of 92,760 in 2021, it is the most populous settlement in the borough of Cheshire West an ...

. Both form part of the borough of

Cheshire West and Chester Cheshire West and Chester is a Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 structural changes to l ...

. ** The

City of London The City of London, also known as ''the City'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county and Districts of England, local government district with City status in the United Kingdom, city status in England. It is the Old town, his ...

is a

ceremonial county Ceremonial counties, formally known as ''counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies'', are areas of England to which lord-lieutenant, lord-lieutenants are appointed. A lord-lieutenant is the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, monarch's repres ...

enclaved within, and distinct from, that of

Greater London Greater London is an administrative area in England, coterminous with the London region, containing most of the continuous urban area of London. It contains 33 local government districts: the 32 London boroughs, which form a Ceremonial count ...

. ** Two parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom may also be described as enclaves: the constituencies of

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Plac ...

and York Central are completely surrounded by the constituencies of

North East Somerset North East Somerset was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2010 to 2024. For the whole of its existence its Member of Parliament (MP) was Jacob Rees-Mogg of the Conservative Party. The seat was ab ...

and York Outer, respectively. * In the

: ** In

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

: *** The

Hopi Reservation The Hopi Reservation () is a Native American reservation for the Hopi and Arizona Tewa people, surrounded entirely by the Navajo Nation, in Navajo and Coconino counties in northeastern Arizona, United States. The site has a land area of 2,53 ...

is surrounded by the

Navajo The Navajo or Diné are an Indigenous people of the Southwestern United States. Their traditional language is Diné bizaad, a Southern Athabascan language. The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (1 ...

Reservation. *** The city of South Tucson is an enclave in the city of

Tucson Tucson (; ; ) is a city in Pima County, Arizona, United States, and its county seat. It is the second-most populous city in Arizona, behind Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix, with a population of 542,630 in the 2020 United States census. The Tucson ...

. ** In

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

, the City of Cammack Village is an enclave of

Little Rock Little Rock is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Arkansas, most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The city's population was 202,591 as of the 2020 census. The six-county Central Arkan ...

. ** In

: *** In 1956, Newark withdrew from the incorporation of the communities of Washington Township as the city of Fremont and is now surrounded by Fremont. ***

incorporated in 1907 to avoid annexation by

Oakland Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major West Coast port, Oakland is ...

and is now surrounded by Oakland. *** San Pablo, along with two small unincorporated areas, is completely surrounded by

Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, a city in the United States * Richmond, London, a town in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town ...

*** The city of San Fernando is an enclave in the city of

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

Beverly Hills Beverly Hills is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. A notable and historic suburb of Los Angeles, it is located just southwest of the Hollywood Hills, approximately northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Beverly Hil ...

and

West Hollywood West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, its population was 35,757. History Most historical writings about West Hollywood be ...

together form another.

Culver City Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779. It is mostly surrounded by Los Angeles, but also shares a border with the unincorporated area of Ladera Heights to the ea ...

and the unincorporated community of Ladera Heights form a third enclave. *** The city of Signal Hill is entirely surrounded by the city of

Long Beach Long Beach is a coastal city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is the list of United States cities by population, 44th-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 451,307 as of 2022. A charter ci ...

. *** The city of

Villa Park Villa Park is a association football, football stadium in Aston, Birmingham, with a seating capacity of 42,918. It has been the home of Premier League club Aston Villa F.C., Aston Villa since 1897. The ground is less than a mile from both Witt ...

is an enclave of the city of Orange. *** The unincorporated area of Broadmoor is surrounded by Daly City. *** The unincorporated area of Fig Garden is surrounded by

Fresno Fresno (; ) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County, California, Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley (California), Central Valley region. It covers a ...

. *** Many other California cities have small enclaves of unincorporated area. ** In

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

, the town of Baldwin is an enclave within the city of

Jacksonville Jacksonville ( ) is the most populous city proper in the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of North Florida, northeastern Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County, Florida, Duval County, with which the City of Jacksonv ...

. The Village of Lazy Lake is contained entirely within the borders of the city of Wilton Manors. ** In

, Remerton is an enclave of Valdosta; similarly, Payne City was an enclave within the city of Macon until it was dissolved in 2015. ** In

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

, Garden City is an enclave in the city of

Boise Boise ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, there were 235,685 people residing in the city. Located on the Boise River in southwestern Idaho, it is east of the Oregon border and nor ...

. ** In

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

Norridge Norridge is a village in Leyden Township, Cook County, Illinois, United States. The village and its neighbor to the east, Harwood Heights, together form an enclave within the city of Chicago. Norridge is sometimes referred to as the "Island Wi ...

and Harwood Heights together form an enclave in the city of

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

. ** In

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

, after the passage of

Unigov Unigov is the colloquial name adopted by the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, to describe its consolidated city–county government. By an act of the Indiana General Assembly, Indianapolis consolidated with the government of Marion County, India ...

in 1970 by the state legislature that merged the government of

Indianapolis Indianapolis ( ), colloquially known as Indy, is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Indiana, most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana, Marion ...

and Marion County, four cities remained independent and did not merge with Indianapolis – three of those cities Beech Grove,

Southport Southport is a seaside resort, seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. It lies on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, West Lancashire coastal plain and the east coast of the Irish Sea, approximately north of ...

, and

Speedway Speedway may refer to: Racing Race tracks *Daytona International Speedway, a race track in Daytona Beach, Florida. *Edmonton International Speedway, also known as Speedway Park, a former motor raceway in Edmonton, Alberta. *Indianapolis Motor Spe ...

became enclaves of Indianapolis. ** In

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

, the city of University Heights is entirely surrounded by

Iowa City Iowa City is the largest city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. At the time of the 2020 census the population was 74,828, making it the state's fifth-most populous city. The Iowa City metropolitan area, which enc ...

. ** In

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

, the city of Eastborough is entirely surrounded by Wichita. ** In

, when the governments of

and Jefferson County merged in 2003, a bewildering array of enclaves was created, as all other incorporated cities in Jefferson County retained their status as separate cities. Note that this map clearly marks the pre-merger boundaries of Louisville. Note that the entire

Ohio River The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its river mouth, mouth on the Mississippi Riv ...

between the northern and southern low-water marks is now part of Louisville Metro. *** Three other cities were, and still are, enclaved in cities other than Louisville: **** Norbourne Estates and Richlawn are enclaves of St. Matthews. **** Woodland Hills is an enclave of Middletown. *** The merger created many other enclaves within the portion of Louisville Metro that includes pre-merger Louisville but excludes all other pre-existing cities, an entity defined by the

United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...

as the "Louisville-Jefferson County balance". As municipalities, these enclaves are not parts of the "balance," but rather, they are surrounded by the "balance." **** These individual enclaves: Creekside, Fincastle, Glenview Hills, Hickory Hill, Hills and Dales, Hollow Creek, Hollyvilla, Lynnview, Minor Lane Heights, Shively, South Park View, Spring Mill, and Thornhill. **** The combination of

, Houston Acres,

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...

, and St. Regis Park. **** The combination of Poplar Hills, Watterson Park, and West Buechel. **** The aforementioned cities of Middletown, Norbourne Estates, Richlawn, St. Matthews, and Woodland Hills, along with 46 other municipalities are part of a large composite enclave within the "balance." ** In

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: *** The city of Center Line is completely surrounded by Warren. *** Highland Park and Hamtramck border each other, but the two together are completely surrounded by

Detroit Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...

. *** The city of Lathrup Village is completely surrounded by Southfield. *** The city of Springfield is completely surrounded by

Battle Creek Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo River, Kalamazoo and Battle Creek River, Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a tota ...

. ** In

: *** The city of Centerville is completely surrounded by Lino Lakes. *** The city of Hilltop is completely surrounded by Columbia Heights. *** The city of

Landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...

is completely surrounded by Oakdale. *** The city of Long Lake is completely surrounded by Orono. *** The city of Loretto is completely surrounded by

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

. *** The city of Medicine Lake is completely surrounded by

Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...

. *** The city of Peterson is completely surrounded by Rushford Village. *** The city of Rushford is completely surrounded by Rushford Village. *** The city of St. Bonifacius is completely surrounded by

Minnetrista Minnetrista Museum & Gardens was founded in 1988. Built on the legacy of the Ball brothers, Ball family and Ball Corporation, company, Minnetrista is a museum and garden site located on the White River in Muncie, Indiana. The organization pre ...

. *** The city of Willernie is completely surrounded by Mahtomedi. ** In

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

, the cities of

Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British politican, starting as Conservative MP for Newark and later becoming the leader of the Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party. In a career lasting over 60 years, he ...

and North Kansas City are separately surrounded by

Kansas City The Kansas City metropolitan area is a bi-state metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri. Its 14 counties straddle the border between the U.S. states of Missouri (9 counties) and Kansas (5 counties). With and a population of more t ...

. ** In

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

, when the governments of

Butte In geomorphology, a butte ( ) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and table (landform), tablelands. The word ''butte'' comes from the French l ...

and Silver Bow County merged in 1977, the town of Walkerville voted not to join the consolidated government, thus becoming an enclave. ** In

: ::: :* In

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

, the city of

Cortland, New York Cortland is a city and the county seat of Cortland County, New York, United States. Known as the Crown City, Cortland is in New York's Southern Tier region. As of 2024, the estimated population of Cortland, New York, is 17,196, reflecting a dec ...

seat A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but may also refer to concentrations of power in a wider sense (i.e " seat (legal entity)"). See disambiguation. Types of seat The ...

of Cortland County, is entirely surrounded by the

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

of Cortlandville, from which it is legally separate. Likewise, the city of

Beacon A beacon is an intentionally conspicuous device designed to attract attention to a specific location. A common example is the lighthouse, which draws attention to a fixed point that can be used to navigate around obstacles or into port. More mode ...

is surrounded by the Town of Fishkill. :* In

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

, the city of Prairie Rose is an enclave of Fargo. :* In

: :** The cities of Brice, Bexley, and

Whitehall Whitehall is a road and area in the City of Westminster, Central London, England. The road forms the first part of the A roads in Zone 3 of the Great Britain numbering scheme, A3212 road from Trafalgar Square to Chelsea, London, Chelsea. It ...

are all enclaves of Columbus. :** The city of Norwood is an enclave of

Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...

. The cities of Elmwood Place, to the north, and St. Bernard, to the south, together form another enclave of Cincinnati. :** In Stark County, the village of Hills & Dales is enclaved within Jackson Township. :** In Summit County, the village of Lakemore is surrounded by Springfield Township. :* In

, the city of Maywood Park is surrounded by

Portland Portland most commonly refers to: *Portland, Oregon, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon *Portland, Maine, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine *Isle of Portland, a tied island in the English Channel Portland may also r ...

. :* In

, every county in the state other than the counties of Fulton,

Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...

, Pike and Union County, Pennsylvania, Union contains at least one municipality in another municipality. There are at least List of enclaves in Pennsylvania, 338 enclaves in the state comprising incorporated List of places in Pennsylvania, places and List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania, census-designated places within other county subdivisions. Usually, the enclave takes the form of a borough that is surrounded by the township of which it was originally a part, but other scenarios are possible (e.g., the Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania, Borough of Mount Oliver is an enclave of Pittsburgh; Pitcairn, Pennsylvania, Pitcairn borough, of Monroeville, Pennsylvania, Monroeville; Dale, Pennsylvania, Dale borough, of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Johnstown; and the Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna County township of Elmhurst Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, Elmhurst, of Roaring Brook Township, Pennsylvania, Roaring Brook Township). While Pennsylvania's urban counties contain few enclaves due to municipal fragmentation, rural areas feature numerous enclaved municipalities. Many resulted from small town centers separating from their rural surrounding areas. :* In

: :** The cities of Red Bank, Tennessee, Red Bank and Ridgeside, Tennessee, Ridgeside are enclaves in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Chattanooga. :** The city of Berry Hill, Tennessee, Berry Hill is an enclave of the city of Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville. :** The cities of Belle Meade, Tennessee, Belle Meade, Forest Hills, Tennessee, Forest Hills and Oak Hill, Tennessee, Oak Hill together form an enclave of the city of Nashville. :** Ooltewah, Tennessee, Ooltewah is an enclave of Collegedale, Tennessee, Collegedale. :* In Texas: :** The cities of Alamo Heights, Texas, Alamo Heights, Balcones Heights, Texas, Balcones Heights, Castle Hills, Texas, Castle Hills, Hill Country Village, Texas, Hill Country Village, Hollywood Park, Texas, Hollywood Park, Kirby, Texas, Kirby, Leon Valley, Texas, Leon Valley, Olmos Park, Texas, Olmos Park, Shavano Park, Texas, Shavano Park, and Terrell Hills, Texas, Terrell Hills are all enclaves of San Antonio. :** The cities of Bellaire, Texas, Bellaire, West University Place, Texas, West University Place, and Southside Place together form an enclave of Houston. The cities of Bunker Hill Village, Texas, Bunker Hill Village, Hedwig Village, Texas, Hedwig Village, Hilshire Village, Texas, Hilshire Village, Hunters Creek Village, Texas, Hunters Creek Village, Piney Point Village, Texas, Piney Point Village, and Spring Valley Village, Texas, Spring Valley Village together form another enclave of Houston. :** The cities of Highland Park, Texas, Highland Park and University Park, Texas, University Park, collectively known locally as the Park Cities, Texas, "Park Cities", together form an enclave of Dallas. In addition, the city of Cockrell Hill, Texas, Cockrell Hill is also an enclave of Dallas. :** The city of Sunset Valley, Texas, Sunset Valley is enclave of Austin, Texas, Austin. :** The cities of Blue Mound, Texas, Blue Mound, Edgecliff Village, Texas, Edgecliff Village, Haslet, Texas, Haslet, Lake Worth, Texas, Lake Worth, River Oaks, Texas, River Oaks, Saginaw, Texas, Saginaw, Sansom Park, Texas, Sansom Park, Westover Hills, Texas, Westover Hills, Westworth Village, Texas, Westworth Village, and White Settlement, Texas, White Settlement are enclaves of Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth :** The cities of Dalworthington Gardens, Texas, Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego, Texas, Pantego together form an enclave of Arlington, Texas, Arlington. :** The city of Beverly Hills, Texas, Beverly Hills is an enclave of Waco, Texas, Waco. :* In Vermont: :** The Rutland (city), Vermont, city of Rutland is an enclave of the Rutland (town), Vermont, town of Rutland. :** The St. Albans (city), Vermont, city of St. Albans is an enclave of the St. Albans (town), Vermont, town of St. Albans. :* In

, under Virginia law, all municipalities that are incorporated as ''cities'' are legally independent city, independent of any county. Fifteen such enclaves — thirteen individual cities, plus two pairs of adjoining cities — exist within the state; some of the cities that form these enclaves serve as county seat of the surrounding county: :** Bedford, Virginia, Bedford, enclaved within and the county seat of Bedford County, Virginia, Bedford County :** Buena Vista, Virginia, Buena Vista, enclaved within Rockbridge County, Virginia, Rockbridge County :** Charlottesville, Virginia, Charlottesville, enclaved within and the county seat of Albemarle County, Virginia, Albemarle County :** Covington, Virginia, Covington, enclaved within and the county seat of Alleghany County, Virginia, Alleghany County :** Emporia, Virginia, Emporia, enclaved within and the county seat of Greensville County, Virginia, Greensville County :** Fairfax, Virginia, Fairfax, enclaved within and the county seat of Fairfax County. #Subnational enclaves that are also exclaves, As noted above, the county courthouse is located in an unincorporated portion of Fairfax County that is completely surrounded by the city. :** Harrisonburg, Virginia, Harrisonburg, enclaved within and the county seat of Rockingham County, Virginia, Rockingham County :** Lexington, Virginia, Lexington, enclaved within and the county seat of Rockbridge County, Virginia, Rockbridge County :** Manassas, Virginia, Manassas and Manassas Park, Virginia, Manassas Park together form an enclave within Prince William County. Manassas is the county seat; #Subnational enclaves that are also exclaves, as noted above, the county courthouse is located in an unincorporated portion of Prince William County that is completely surrounded by the city. :** Martinsville, Virginia, Martinsville, enclaved within and the county seat of Henry County, Virginia, Henry County :** Norton, Virginia, Norton, enclaved within Wise County, Virginia, Wise County :** Roanoke, Virginia, Roanoke and Salem, Virginia, Salem together form an enclave within Roanoke County, Virginia, Roanoke County. The Roanoke County Courthouse is located in Salem, but the rest of the county government is located in the unincorporated community of Cave Spring, Virginia, Cave Spring. :** Staunton, Virginia, Staunton, enclaved within and the county seat of Augusta County, Virginia, Augusta County :** Waynesboro, Virginia, Waynesboro, enclaved within Augusta County, Virginia, Augusta County :** Winchester, Virginia, Winchester, enclaved within and the county seat of Frederick County, Virginia, Frederick County :* In Wisconsin, the village of Thiensville, Wisconsin, Thiensville is an enclave of the city of Mequon, Wisconsin, Mequon in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, Ozaukee County.

Exclaves that are not enclaves

An exclave must always be grouped with a main region of which it is a legal part. In the case of international waters, the main region consists of all international waters not in EEZs. ''All'' potential paths of travel from the exclave to its main region ''must'' cross one or more different administrative-territorial regions having the equivalent legal level. Each exclave listed in this section borders on more than one other region.

National level

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

Map of Louisiana highlighting Saint Martin Parish

* In

: ** The state of Victoria's Murrindindi Shire has an exclave along the border with Shire of Yarra Ranges. It is separated from the rest of Murrindindi Shire by the Lake Mountain (Victoria), Lake Mountain unincorporated area, which was originally a part of the shire. ** The Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda consists of five non-contiguous pieces; four are sub-parts of their four communities. Three are in the Central Highlands Region (previously excised from the Shire of Duaringa), and two are in the Rockhampton Region (previously excised from the Shire of Fitzroy), meaning the main settlement of Woorabinda, Queensland, Woorabinda itself has four exclaves. * In Belgium: ** Apart from Baarle-Hertog, there are three municipalities consisting of non-contiguous parts: Ixelles (Elsene) and Saint-Gilles, Belgium, Saint-Gilles (Sint-Gillis) in the Brussels Capital Region and Mesen in West Flanders. * In

: ** In

: Sítio d'Abadia was cut in two as a result of the expansion of Alvorada do Norte. ** In Mato Grosso: Barra do Bugres was cut in two as a result of the expansion of Salto do Céu and Reserva do Cabaçal. ** In Pará: the town of Senador José Porfírio was cut in two as a result of the formation of Anapu. * In

: ** The Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality in

is separated into multiple sections including the exclaves of Lac-Vacher, Quebec, Lac-Vacher and Lac-Juillet, Quebec, Lac-Juillet surrounded by Labrador and Nunavik. ** Greenstone, Ontario has a large principal section and two exclaved townsites, Nakina and Caramat. * In

: ** In Qinghai province, Tanggulashan town is an exclave of the city of Golmud and the Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture that Golmud is part of, separated from the rest of the prefecture by a "panhandle" of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. * In

: **In Koprivnica-Križevci County, the municipality of Legrad is split in two, separated by the municipality of Đelekovec. **In

: *** The villages of Palača and Silaš form an exclave of the municipality of Šodolovci. The main road between the two portions goes through Vukovar-Srijem County. *** The village of Široko Polje belongs to the city of Đakovo from which it is separated by the municipalities of Gorjani, Croatia, Gorjani and Viškovci. * In

: **In Harju County, Harku small borough is an exclave of Harku Parish. **In

, the town of

is divided into five separated districts. Of these exclaves, Ahtme, Järve and Sompa districts are not enclaves. **In Tartu County, Piirissaar island in Lake Peipus is an exclave of Tartu Parish, which otherwise doesn't have a coastline at the lake. **In Võru County, sixteen villages form an exclave of Setomaa Parish. * In

: **In Ostrobothnia (administrative region), Ostrobothnia, the former municipality of Vähäkyrö is now an exclave of the city of Vaasa. **In Kymenlaakso, the municipality of Iitti has a small exclave called Supinkulma, which surrounded by Lahti and Heinola, both located in Päijänne Tavastia. * In

, the commune of Ménessaire is an exclave of the department of Côte-d'Or between Nièvre and Saône-et-Loire. * In

: ** The Samtgemeinde Baddeckenstedt (Samtgemeinde), Baddeckenstedt is separated from the greater part of the district Wolfenbüttel (district), Wolfenbüttel by the Urban districts of Germany, urban district of Salzgitter. * In

: ** In Madhya Pradesh in central India, Datia district has an exclave surrounded by Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh and Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh. ** The districts of Kapurthala district, Kapurthala (in Punjab, India, Punjab state), Tumakuru district, Tumakuru (in Karnataka state), and Imphal East in

state each has an exclave. * In

: ** In

, three subdistricts of Nias Regency, namely Botumuzoi, Hiliduho and Hili Serangkai, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of Gunungsitoli and West Nias Regency. ** In South Sumatra, six subdistricts of Muara Enim Regency, namely Muara Belida, Gelumbang, Sungai Rotan, Kelekar, Lembak, and Belida Darat, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of Prabumulih and the Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency (both are split from Muara Enim). ** In

, the subdistrict of is cut from other parts of the Karanganyar Regency by land that belongs to the regencies and cities of Boyolali Regency, Boyolali, Surakarta, and Sukoharjo Regency, Sukoharjo. * In

: ** In Abruzzo: *** In the Province of L'Aquila: the municipality of L'Aquila has an exclave between the municipalities of Lucoli, Rocca di Mezzo, Magliano de' Marsi and the region of Lazio; Carapelle Calvisio and Castelvecchio Calvisio have two adjoining exclaves between Santo Stefano di Sessanio, Calascio and the Province of Teramo; Ofena consists of two parts separated by Castel del Monte, Abruzzo, Castel del Monte and Villa Santa Lucia degli Abruzzi; Sulmona has an exclave between Pratola Peligna and Prezza, Abruzzo, Prezza; Cerchio has an exclave between Aielli, Collarmele and Celano; Celano consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by Aielli and Ovindoli. *** In the Province of Chieti: Atessa has an exclave separated from the rest of the municipality by Tornareccio and is bordering six other municipalities; San Buono has an exclave between Furci and Fresagrandinaria. **In

: ***In the

has an exclave between

and Monopoli; Monopoli has an exclave between Castellana Grotte and Alberobello; Acquaviva delle Fonti has an exclave between Gioia del Colle and Santeramo in Colle; Putignano has an exclave between Gioia del Colle and Turi, Apulia, Turi; Binetto has an exclave between Toritto, Palo del Colle and Bitonto. *** In the

: San Marco in Lamis has three exclaves between

and San Giovanni Rotondo and one between Foggia, San Giovanni Rotondo and

;

has an exclave between Foggia, San Marco in Lamis and Rignano Garganico; Manfredonia has an exclave between Foggia and Carapelle; Poggio Imperiale has two non-contiguous parts separated by Lesina, Apulia, Lesina; Castelnuovo della Daunia has an exclave between Torremaggiore and Casalvecchio di Puglia and another one between Torremaggiore, Casalvecchio di Puglia, Casalnuovo Monterotaro and Santa Croce di Magliano in the region of

. *** In the

: Leverano has an exclave between Arnesano and Copertino; Squinzano has an exclave between

and Torchiarolo in the Province of Brindisi. ** In

: *** In the

: Tricarico has an exclave between Grottole and Grassano. *** In the

: Fardella, Basilicata, Fardella has four exclaves; Chiaromonte has three; Atella, Basilicata, Atella and Noepoli have two each; Tito, Basilicata, Tito has one. ** In Calabria: *** In the Province of Catanzaro: Feroleto Antico has an exclave between Pianopoli and Serrastretta; Fossato Serralta has an exclave between Cicala, Gimigliano and Sorbo San Basile. *** In the Province of Cosenza: Bianchi, Calabria, Bianchi has an exclave between Panettieri and the Province of Catanzaro; Oriolo has an exclave between Albidona, Alessandria del Carretto and Castroregio; Castroregio has an exclave between Oriolo, Alessandria del Carretto and the

; Cerchiara di Calabria has an exclave between San Lorenzo Bellizzi, Castrovillari and the Province of Potenza; Mormanno has an exclave between Laino Castello and Papasidero; Mongrassano has an exclave between Cervicati, San Marco Argentano, Cerzeto and Bisignano; Cervicati has an exclave between Mongrassano and San Marco Argentano; Acquappesa has an exclave between Mongrassano, Fagnano Castello, Cetraro and Guardia Piemontese. *** In the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria: the seat of the municipality of Roghudi is an enclave within Melito di Porto Salvo and the other, larger part of the municipality is about 40 km away and is an exclave surrounded by 6 other municipalities. Similarly, the seat of the municipality of Africo is a semi-exclave in Bianco with the larger part being an exclave between 7 other municipalities. ** In Emilia-Romagna: *** In the Metropolitan City of Bologna: Castello d'Argile has an exclave between Sala Bolognese and Argelato. *** In the Province of Forlì-Cesena: Sarsina consists of three non-contiguous parts, the larger two separated by Bagno di Romagna and Mercato Saraceno and the smallest one separated by Verghereto. *** In the Province of Modena: Modena has two exclaves between Carpi, Emilia-Romagna, Carpi and Soliera. *** In the Province of Rimini: Verucchio has an exclave between San Leo and the Republic of San Marino. ** In

: Dogna has an exclave between Moggio Udinese and Pontebba; Tramonti di Sopra has an exclave between Meduno and Tramonti di Sotto. ** In Lazio, the Province of Viterbo (the municipality of Gallese) has an exclave between Umbria and the Province of Rieti. *** In the Province of Rieti: Rieti has an exclave between Colli sul Velino, Contigliano, Greccio and the Province of Terni; Concerviano has an exclave between Rieti and Longone Sabino; Longone Sabino consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by southern part of Concerviano; Rocca Sinibalda consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by southern exclave of Longone Sabino and northern exclave of Ascrea; Ascrea consists of three non-contiguous parts separated by Castel di Tora (north and south part) and Paganico Sabino (south and east). *** In the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital: Polline Martignano is an exclave of Rome between Anguillara Sabazia, Campagnano di Roma and Trevignano Romano; Monte Compatri consists of three non-contiguous parts; Grottaferrata has an exclave between Marino, Lazio, Marino, Rocca di Papa and Castel Gandolfo; Artena has an exclave between Lariano, Velletri and the Province of Latina; Rocca Priora has an exclave between Artena, Lariano and Rocca di Papa. *** In the Province of Viterbo: Viterbo has an exclave between Ronciglione and Vetralla; Vejano has an exclave between Blera and the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. ** In

: San Colombano al Lambro, Comune di San Colombano (named after the Irish missionary Saint Columbanus) is an exclave of the Metropolitan City of Milan between the provinces of Province of Lodi, Lodi and Province of Pavia, Pavia *** In the

: Cornale e Bastida has an exclave between Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Corana and an exclave of Silvano Pietra; Silvano Pietra has an exclave between Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Corana and an exclave of Cornale e Bastida; Casei Gerola has three exclaves (between Mezzana Bigli, Cornale e Bastida, Silvano Pietra and the region of

); Pancarana has an exclave between Mezzana Rabattone, Zinasco and Bastida Pancarana; Santa Maria della Versa has an exclave between Golferenzo and Montecalvo Versiggia. ** In

: *** In the Province of Ascoli Piceno: Ascoli Piceno has an exclave (Piana della Forcella) between Acquasanta Terme, Roccafluvione and Forcella (an exclave of Roccafluvione), itself between Acquasanta Terme and Piana della Forcella (Ascoli Piceno). *** In the Province of Fermo: Fermo has one exclave between Francavilla d'Ete, Montegiorgio, Massa Fermana and the Province of Macerata, and another one between Montegiorgio, Grottazzolina and Magliano di Tenna. *** In the

: Sassofeltrio has an exclave between Monte Grimano Terme and the Republic of San Marino. ** In

: *** In the

: Campobasso has an exclave between Oratino, Castropignano and Ripalimosani;

has an exclave between San Felice del Molise and

, and another one between Mafalda, Molise, Mafalda and Tavenna. ** In

: *** In the

has two exclaves between Chiusano d'Asti and Montechiaro d'Asti; Pino d'Asti has one between Castelnuovo Don Bosco and Passerano Marmorito; Monastero Bormida has an exclave between Roccaverano, Bubbio and Loazzolo. *** In the Province of Biella: Callabiana, Pettinengo, Tavigliano, Valdilana, Bioglio, Veglio, Vallanzengo, Valle San Nicolao, Caprile and Ailoche have mountain exclaves in the northern part of the province, between the Province of Vercelli and the region of

; Valle San Nicolao has another exclave between Pettinengo, Bioglio and Valdilana; Muzzano, Piedmont, Muzzano has an exclave between Graglia and Sordevolo; Andorno Micca and Sagliano Micca have adjoining exclaves between Piedicavallo, Rosazza, Campiglia Cervo, Biella and the region of Aosta Valley; Pollone has an exclave between Biella, Sordevolo and the region of Aosta Valley; Magnano has an exclave between Zimone and the

. *** In the

: Carignano has an exclave between Castagnole Piemonte and Osasio;

has an exclave between Carignano and Lombriasco; Claviere consists of two exclaves between Cesana Torinese and

; Traversella has an exclave between Quincinetto and

region; Brosso has an exclave between Traversella and Valchiusa; Castelnuovo Nigra has two exclaves between Cintano and Colleretto Castelnuovo; Castellamonte, Valchiusa, Vistrorio and Val di Chy have exclaves, some bordering each other, between Traversella, Castelnuovo Nigra, Rueglio and Lessolo. Castellamonte has another one between San Martino Canavese, Torre Canavese, Quagliuzzo and Parella; Vistrorio has two more between Issiglio and Rueglio; Prascorsano has one between Canischio and Pratiglione; Rivara has one between Pratiglione and Forno Canavese; and Pertusio has one between Valperga and Prascorsano (connected at a quadripoint). *** In the Province of Vercelli: Cigliano has an exclave between Moncrivello and the

. ** In Sardinia: *** In the Metropolitan City of Cagliari: Assemini consists of two non-contiguous parts of approximately same sizes separated by Uta, Sardinia, Uta; Decimomannu also has two non-contiguous parts separated by Uta; Quartucciu has two non-contiguous parts separated by Maracalagonis and Quartu Sant'Elena. *** In the Province of Nuoro: Triei has an exclave between Urzulei, Talana and Baunei; Arzana has an exclave (Acetorri) between Contissa (exclave of Jerzu), Quirra (exclave of Lanusei) and the Province of South Sardinia; Loceri has an exclave (Bacu Orca) between Sa Tuvada (exclave of Osini), Quirra (exclave of Lanusei) and Tertenia; Osini consists of four non-contiguous exclaves; Lanusei has an exclave (Quirra) between Sa Tuvuda (exclave of Osini), Acetorri (exclave of Arzana) and Bacu Orca (exclave of Loceri); Jerzu has an exclave (Contissa) between Ulassai, Acetorri (exclave of Arzana), Sa Tuvuda (exclave of Osini) and the Province of South Sardinia; Elini has an exclave between Ilbono, Arzana and Lanusei; Gairo, Sardinia, Gairo has an exclave (Su Sirboni) between Tertenia and Cardedu. *** In the Province of Sassari: Cheremule has an exclave between Giave and Thiesi; Tempio Pausania has an exclave between Palau, Sardinia, Palau, Santa Teresa Gallura, Aglientu, Luogosanto and Arzachena. *** In the Province of South Sardinia: Iglesias, Sardinia, Iglesias has an exclave separated by Domusnovas; Gonnosfanadiga has an exclave between Guspini and Arbus, Sardinia, Arbus. ** In

: *** In the

: Mazzarino, Sicily, Mazzarino consists of three non-contiguous parts, all three separated by Riesi. *** In the Metropolitan City of Catania: Motta Sant'Anastasia has an exclave between Catania and

; Tremestieri Etneo has an exclave between Catania, Sant'Agata li Battiati, San Giovanni la Punta and San Gregorio di Catania. *** In the

has an exclave between five municipalities; Assoro has three exclaves between various other municipalities. *** In the

: Bisacquino has an exclave between Monreale, Contessa Entellina and Roccamena. *** In the

: Gibellina has an exclave (Nuova Gibellina) surrounded by Santa Ninfa except for a quadripoint with Salemi, and Santa Ninfa has an exclave between Nuova Gibellina and Salemi. ** In

: *** In the Autonomous Province of Trentino: Canal San Bovo, Carisolo, Cimego, Cinte Tesino, Comano Terme, Giustino, Trentino, Giustino, Imer, Trentino, Imèr, Malosco, Massimeno, Pellizzano, Pergine Valsugana, Pieve Tesino, Ronzone, Spiazzo, Stenico, Tione di Trento, Tre Ville consist of two or three non-contiguous parts separated by other municipalities ** In Tuscany: *** In the Province of Arezzo: Poppi has one exclave between Bibbiena, Chiusi della Verna and the region of Emilia-Romagna, and another one between Bibbiena, Ortignano Raggiolo and Castel Focognano. *** In the Province of Lucca: Gallicano has an exclave between Barga, Tuscany, Barga, Fosciandora, Castelnuovo di Garfagnana and Molazzana. * In

: ** In Kanagawa Prefecture *** The city of Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Kawasaki has an exclave surrounded by Yokohama and Machida, Tokyo. The exclave is part of Asao-ku, Kawasaki, Asao ward. ** In

*** The city of Kumiyama has an exclave surrounded by Uji, Ujitawara and Jōyō, Kyoto, Jōyō. The exclave contains the Kyoto Prefectural Sports Square. *** The city of Yawata has four exclaves. 3 of these are surrounded by Kumiyama and Fushimi Ward, Kyoto, Kyoto City. The fourth is surrounded by Kyōtanabe, Kyoto, Kyōtanabe and Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka * In South Korea, is an exclave of Dalseong County, Daegu and is an exclave of Wanju, North Jeolla Province. * In

, Torreón Municipality in the state of Coahuila consists of two segments, both touching the neighboring state of Durango. * In the Netherlands, Amsterdam Zuidoost is cut from other parts of the municipality of Amsterdam (municipality), Amsterdam by land that belongs to the municipalities of Ouder-Amstel and Diemen. * In the

: ** Caloocan is divided in two by Quezon City. ** In Cotabato province, the municipality of President Roxas, Cotabato, President Roxas is divided in two by Antipas, Cotabato, Antipas municipality. ** In Nueva Ecija, the municipality of Talavera, Nueva Ecija, Talavera is divided in two by Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija, Santo Domingo. * In

: ** The main portion of the

of Fabianki, which belongs to the

, Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship, is separated from the rest of the county by the city-county of Włocławek. ** The

of Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce, Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce, which belongs to Kraków County, is separated from the rest of the county by Proszowice County and the city-county of Kraków. ** Sławków is an exclave of Będzin County. Sławków is separated from the rest of the county by the cities of Dąbrowa Górnicza and Sosnowiec. All of these are within the

. ** Rybnik County is split into three disjoint parts, separated by the city of Rybnik. The three parts are the municipalities of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Świerklany, and the combined area of Lyski, Gaszowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Gaszowice and Jejkowice. All of these are within the

. ** The city-county of Żory,

, has a small exclave located between the city-county of Rybnik, Silesian Voivodeship, and the

of Gmina Świerklany, Świerklany in Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship. The exclave has an area of 13.5 ha and lies around 50 m from the rest of the city. * In

, as a consequence of administrative reforms during the 19th century (in the 1830s, then again in the 1850s, and to a much lesser extent in the 1890s), as well as more recent legislation forbidding the creation of territorial discontinuities, there are almost no subnational exclaves or enclaves, and the few that persist are on the municipal or civil parish level: ** Municipalities with exclave civil parishes (at least one civil parish is separated from the main body): Montijo, Portugal, Montijo and Oliveira de Frades. ** Municipalities with sub-civil parish level exclaves (at least one civil parish is itself territorially discontinuous, creating an exclave also at the municipal level): Soure Municipality, Portugal, Soure. ** Exclaves that are sub-parts of civil parishes and that yet remain within the municipal-level boundary are located in the following municipalities: Ansião, Belmonte Municipality, Belmonte,

, Oliveira de Frades, Penela Municipality, Penela. * In

, Khabarovsky District in Khabarovsk Krai is separated into two parts by Amursky District * In

, the following provincial level exclaves that are not enclaves exist. Many other exclaves exist at municipal level. ** Anchuras is an exclave of the province of Ciudad Real between the provinces of Province of Toledo, Toledo and Province of Badajoz, Badajoz. ** Berzosilla is an exclave of the

between Cantabria and the

. ** Orduña-Urduña, Orduña is an exclave of Biscay between the Álava and the

. ** Roales de Campos and Quintanilla del Molar constitute an exclave of the

between the provinces of Province of León, León and Province of Zamora, Zamora. ** In Comarca de Guadix, the Aldeire municipality has an exclave to the north called "''Cortijo Ramos''", surrounded by the Valle del Zalabi and La Calahorra municipalities. * In the

: ** In

, the Unorganized Borough is separated into multiple sections; however, the only true exclave that is not an enclave is the town of Hyder, Alaska, Hyder, which belongs to Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area, Alaska, Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area. ** In

, Brooks County, Georgia, Brooks County has a small portion separated by Lowndes County, Georgia, Lowndes County and Madison County, Florida. ** In Louisiana, a portion of St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, St. Martin Parish is separated by Iberia Parish, Louisiana, Iberia Parish. A portion of West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, West Feliciana Parish is separated by Concordia Parish, Louisiana, Concordia Parish. A portion of Madison Parish, Louisiana, Madison Parish is separated by Warren County, Mississippi. ** In Massachusetts, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk County has two exclaves: Brookline, Massachusetts, Brookline between Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Middlesex and Suffolk County, Massachusetts, Suffolk counties, and Cohasset, Massachusetts, Cohasset on the coast of Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Plymouth County. ** In

: *** In Houghton County, Michigan, Houghton County: The city of Houghton, Michigan, Houghton divides Portage Township, Houghton County, Michigan, Portage and Adams Township, Houghton County, Michigan, Adams townships into two sections apiece, and the city of Hancock, Michigan, Hancock divides Quincy Township, Houghton County, Michigan, Quincy Township in two as well. *** Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan, Brownstown Township, Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne County is separated into three parts. The two smaller parts are separated from the main portion of the township by Woodhaven, Michigan, Woodhaven. Both smaller parts are further separated by Rockwood, Michigan, Rockwood and Gibraltar, Michigan, Gibraltar. ** In

: *** In Atlantic County, New Jersey, Atlantic County, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, Egg Harbor Township is split into three parts. *** In Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen County, the township of South Hackensack, New Jersey, South Hackensack is divided into three separate parts as a result of other municipalities withdrawing from it. *** In Burlington County, New Jersey, Burlington County, the borough of Wrightstown, New Jersey, Wrightstown has two sections. *** In Camden County, New Jersey, Camden County, Haddon Township, New Jersey, Haddon Township is split into three parts, of which two are joined at a quadripoint. *** In Monmouth County, Aberdeen Township, New Jersey, Aberdeen Township is divided into two pieces. *** In Morris County, New Jersey, Morris County, the township of Randolph, New Jersey, Randolph has a tiny exclave, and Rockaway Township, New Jersey, Rockaway Township has a small portion that is joined by only a quadripoint. ** In New Mexico, Sandoval County, New Mexico, Sandoval County has an exclave. During World War II, Los Alamos County, New Mexico, Los Alamos County was created out of parts of Sandoval and Santa Fe County, New Mexico, Santa Fe Counties, for the convenience of the Manhattan Project. That portion of Sandoval County that is within the San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico, San Ildefonso Indian Reservation, about 3 km², became an exclave bounded by Los Alamos County on the southwest, Santa Fe County on the east and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, Rio Arriba County on the north. ** In

: In Westchester County, New York, Westchester County, Rye (town), New York, Rye Town has an exclave separated by Harrison, New York, Harrison and Rye (city), New York, Rye City. ** In

: *** In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania, O'Hara Township consists o
five non-contiguous areas
with Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg, Aspinwall, Pennsylvania, Aspinwall and Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania, Fox Chapel separating them. One area (Sixmile Island (Pennsylvania), Sixmile Island) is enclaved within Sharpsburg. *** In Berks County, in addition to the two exclaves of Cumru Township mentioned above, Lower Alsace Township, Pennsylvania, Lower Alsace Township has an exclave separated from the rest of the township by the borough of Mount Penn, Pennsylvania, Mount Penn. *** In Chester County, Pennsylvania, Chester County, Schuylkill Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill Township has a small exclave separated by Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, Phoenixville. In addition, Valley Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, Valley Township has an exclave created by a narrow strip of land that is part of Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Coatesville. *** Three municipalities in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Delaware County have exclaves. Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Springfield Township has an exclave separated from the main body of the township by the village of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, Swarthmore; Darby Township, Pennsylvania, Darby Township consists of two non-contiguous areas; and part of Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, Upper Darby is separated from the main body of the township by Aldan, Pennsylvania, Aldan and Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, Lansdowne. *** In Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna County, South Abington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, South Abington Township has an exclave along Glenburn Road bordered by Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania, Clarks Summit borough and Waverly Township, Pennsylvania, Waverly Township. The township itself is oddly shaped and borders the collective area of Clarks Summit, Clarks Green, Pennsylvania, Clarks Green, and Waverly Township on three sides. *** There are four sets of exclaves in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill County. Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania, Norwegian Township has a small exclave separated by the city of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Pottsville, and West Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania, West Mahanoy Township is split into two sections, separated by the borough of Gilberton, Pennsylvania, Gilberton. In addition, the borough of Auburn, Pennsylvania, Auburn creates exclaves of both South Manheim Township, Pennsylvania, South Manheim Township and West Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania, West Brunswick Township. *** In York County, Pennsylvania, York County, Spring Garden Township, Pennsylvania, Spring Garden Township has an exclave separated from the rest of the township by the city of York, Pennsylvania, York. ** In South Carolina, Pickens County, South Carolina, Pickens County has two exclaves separated by Oconee County, South Carolina, Oconee County and Anderson County, South Carolina, Anderson County. ** In

: *** White County, Tennessee, White County has a small portion separated by Cumberland County, Tennessee, Cumberland County and Van Buren County, Tennessee, Van Buren County. *** Tipton County, Tennessee, Tipton County has a small portion separated by Shelby County, Tennessee, Shelby County and Mississippi County, Arkansas. ** The lands within numerous Indian reservations have been fragmented, with privately owned real estate intermixed with tribal, city, county, state, and federal authorities in a bewildering array of jurisdictional geographies. *** Red Lake Indian Reservation has one large exclave bordering Canada (itself containing enclaves of non-reservation land) and numerous other small exclaves. *** Rosebud Indian Reservation also has numerous small exclaves.

Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves

Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves. Semi-enclaves can exist as List of countries that border only one other country, independent states that border only one other state. ''Vinokurov (2007)'' declares, "Technically, Portugal, Denmark, and Canada also border only one foreign state, but they are not enclosed in the geographical, political, or economic sense. They have vast access to international waters. At the same time, there are states that, although in possession of sea access, are still enclosed by the territories of a foreign state." (At the time of publication, Canada and Denmark did not share a border. Portugal is not considered a semi-enclave.) Therefore, Vinokurov applies a quantitative principle: ''the land boundary must be longer than the coastline.'' Thus he classifies a state as a ''sovereign semi-enclave'' if it borders on just one state, and its land boundary is longer than its sea coastline. Vinokurov affirms that "no similar quantitative criterion is needed to define the scope of non-sovereign semi-enclaves/exclaves."

Semi-enclaves that are not semi-exclaves

National level

* : Surrounded by and the South China Sea * : Surrounded by and the Atlantic Ocean * : Surrounded by and the Mediterranean Sea

Subnational level

* In

: In Newfoundland and Labrador, the town of Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove is a semi-enclave in the city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's. * In

, the village of Hiezu, Tottori, Hiezu, Tottori Prefecture, Tottori is surrounded by the city of Yonago and Miho Bay (Sea of Japan). * In the

: In Scotland, Aberdeen, Aberdeen City is a semi-enclave surrounded by the council area of Aberdeenshire on land and by the North Sea. * In the United States of America: In

, the city of Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica borders the Pacific Ocean on one side and is otherwise completely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles.

Semi-enclaves that are also semi-exclaves

National level

* Brunei: Temburong District is bounded by Malaysia and Brunei Bay. The Temburong Bridge connects Temburong to the Brunei mainland, bypassing the need to traverse through Malaysian territory. * Cyprus (''de facto''): The ''de facto'' independent Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which is unrecognised internationally, has a semi-enclave in the island's Northwest, Kokkina exclave, Kokkina/Erenköy, which is bounded by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, U.N. buffer zone and the Mediterranean Sea. * East Timor: Oecusse is bounded by

and the Savu Sea. * Eritrea: The southeasternmost point of Eritrea () is surrounded by Djibouti and Bab-el-Mandeb. * Oman: Musandam Governorate, Musandam is bounded by the United Arab Emirates and the Strait of Hormuz. *

: Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera are bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and by either a neutral zone or Morocco itself. *

: ** The overseas territory of Gibraltar is on the south coast of

. A neutral zone had existed at one time but appears no longer to be observed. ** Akrotiri and Dhekelia – British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus, administered as two Sovereign Base Areas, an Eastern Sovereign Base Area (ESBA) and a Western Sovereign Base Area (WSBA). The bases were retained by the UK following the independence of Cyprus in 1960. The Western Sovereign Base Area includes Akrotiri and Episkopi Cantonment, while the Eastern Sovereign Base Area includes Dhekelia Cantonment and Ayios Nikolaos, SBA, Ayios Nikolaos. * United States of America:

is bounded by

, the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Alaska is the world's largest semi-enclave.

Other subnational

: Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka, a neighborhood of Szczecin, while mostly consisting of islands on the Oder (river), Oder river, possesses several thin strips of land on the west bank of the river, as well as in the northern portion of Ustowskie Mokradła islands.

Semi-exclaves that are not semi-enclaves

National level

* Angola: Cabinda Province, Cabinda is bounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and the Atlantic Ocean. *

: The southern portion of Dubrovnik-Neretva County, including the historic city of Dubrovnik, is bounded by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and the Adriatic Sea. Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina's only sea access, is sandwiched between the two portions of this county. This semi-exclave relies on national territorial waters as its only alternative connection to the rest of the country. It is accessible to Croatia's much larger region to the north by an 8 km road a short distance from and parallel to the Adriatic coastline, crossing Bosnia via Neum. The Pelješac Bridge, which opened July 2022, is a 2.3 km bridge to a Croatian peninsula that bypasses the Bosnian transit. * Cyprus (''de facto''): The Greek Cypriot-controlled portion of Famagusta District, along with the easternmost exclave of Larnaca District, together are a semi-exclave, bounded by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, U.N. buffer zone, Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area and the Mediterranean Sea. * Equatorial Guinea: continental Río Muni is surrounded by Gabon, Cameroon and the Atlantic Ocean and can only be accessed from the capital by boat or plane. *

: French Guiana (an Overseas Department), in South America, is bounded by Suriname,

and the Atlantic Ocean. *

: Kaliningrad Oblast is bounded by

and the Baltic Sea.

Pene-enclaves/exclaves (including inaccessible districts)

A pene-exclave is a part of the territory of one country that can be approached conveniently — in particular by wheeled traffic — only through the territory of another country. Such areas are enclaves or exclaves ''for practical purposes,'' without meeting the strict definition; hence they are also called functional enclaves or practical enclaves. Many pene-exclaves partially border their own territorial waters (i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters). A pene-enclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. Thus, a ''pene-exclave'' has land borders with other territory but is not completely surrounded by the other's land or territorial waters. They can exhibit continuity of state territory across territorial waters but, nevertheless, a discontinuity on land, such as in the case of Point Roberts, Washington, Point Roberts. Along rivers that change course, pene-enclaves can be observed as complexes comprising many small pene-enclaves. Attribution of a pene-enclave status to a territory can sometimes be disputed, depending on whether the territory is considered to be practically inaccessible from the mainland or not.

National level

: ** The municipality of Jungholz is connected to the rest of Austria at a quadripoint at the summit of the mountain ''Sorgschrofen'' (1636 m). Road access is only via German land. However, ''Vinokurov (2007)'' states, "For all purposes, a connection in a single point does not mean anything. It is just like being completely separated. One cannot pass through a single point, nor is it possible to transport goods. It is not even possible to lay a telephone line." (See above: ''Enclaves that are also exclaves''.) ** The Kleinwalsertal, a valley part of Vorarlberg, can only be reached by road from Oberstdorf,

. ** Hinterriß and Eng, Tyrol, Eng (parts of the communes of Vomp and Eben am Achensee in

, Austria) are functional exclaves accessible by road only from Germany. * Belgium/

: Along the river Leie (Lys in French) between Halluin and Armentières, where the river forms the border, there are 7 small pene-exclaves of Belgium (province of Hainaut (province), Hainaut) on the southern side of the river and 7 small pene-exclaves of France (department of Nord (French department), Nord) on the northern side of the river. This is due to minor changes in the course of the river since the border was fixed in 1830. *Belgium/Luxembourg: There is a building containing both an Aldi and a Lidl supermarket, adjacent to the northernmost point of Luxembourg, that is inaccessible by road from Luxembourg and can only be accessed through Belgium. * Belgium/Netherlands: On the Dutch side of the Meuse River, between the Belgian municipality of Visé and its neighbouring Dutch municipalities of Maastricht and Eijsden-Margraten, Belgium has two pene-exclaves, Presqu'ile de L'Ilal and Presqu'ile d'Eijsden. A Dutch pene-exclave, Presqu'ile Petit-Gravier, lies on the Belgian side. The states signed a treaty in 2016 to swap these plots of land, which are the result of river straightening prior to 1980. ** The Zeelandic Flanders (733 km²/283 sq mi) is a part of the Netherlands, but has land access only from Belgium, and through the Western Scheldt Tunnel, Western Scheldt undersea tunnel built 2003. * Belize: Ambergris Caye is an island in Belize located south of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It is separated from the rest of the country and can only be reached on land by a bridge from

. * Bolivia: Copacabana, Bolivia, Copacabana and the surrounding promontory are separated from the rest of Bolivia by Lake Titicaca, only joining by land to Peruvian territory. Access to Bolivia is only available via ferry. * Cambodia: Preah Vihear Temple, Prasat Preah Vihear can only be reached by traveling through Thailand. *

: ** St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, St. Regis,

: Part of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, it has a land border with St. Regis Mohawk Reservation in

State; road access to the rest of Canada is only available through New York State. ** Campobello Island, New Brunswick can be reached by road only by driving through the United States, across the border bridge to Maine. Connection with the rest of Canada is by ferry. ** The entrance to Aroostook Valley Country Club near Fort Fairfield, Maine, is in the U.S., but most of the club's golf course and its clubhouse are in Canada. Members and their guests, as long as they remain on the club's property, are not required to clear Canadian customs. Although a shorter route to Canada exists, members coming from Canada must do a detour to report to U.S. border inspection before proceeding to the golf club. ** The Haskell Free Library and Opera House straddles the border. The Canadian part of the building is a practical exclave of Canada, as most of the building is physically in Stanstead, Quebec, but the only public access to the building is via the front door on Caswell Avenue in Derby Line, Vermont, in the United States. (Emergency exits from the second floor open to Canada.) People in Canada may not enter or exit the building except by travelling into the U.S. A special exception allows library and opera house patrons to cross the border to enter and move about in the building, but they must return to their home country (or see the Customs office) to avoid being charged with illegally entering the other country. ** The Salmon Glacier and Granduc Mine in Premier, British Columbia can only be reached by road through Hyder, Alaska. * Chile: Magallanes Region of Chile, the southernmost portion of the Chilean mainland, is a practical exclave. The southernmost location that can be reached by road from the core of Chile is Villa O'Higgins in Aysén Region. Before the construction of the Carretera Austral, and its side-routes, the practical exclave included the Aysén Region and other locations such as Futaleufú, Chile, Futaleufú. *

: **

/Bosnia and Herzegovina: A few houses and the castle Zrinski, belonging to the municipality of Hrvatska Kostajnica, lie on the right bank of the Una (Sava), Una river, and are connected to the municipality by a bridge. The border crosses the FK Partizan Kostajnica football club's pitch, leaving approximately 1/3 of the pitch on the Croatian territory. **

/Serbia: The Croatian village of Kenđija is a pene-exclave on the left bank of the Danube, and can be reached by road only through Serbia (See Croatia–Serbia border dispute). **

/Hungary: The Croatian village of Križnica lies on the left bank of the river Drava, and is connected to the rest of the country by a pedestrian bridge. **

/Slovenia: A small portion of the Croatian village of Mali Tabor lies on the right bank of the river Sutla and can be reached only through Slovenian territory. * Denmark/

: Several farms on the border, e.g. Vilmkærgård (similar situation as Canada's Haskell Free Library, immediately above). Between 1920 and 1927, the popular German tourist island Sylt was accessible only by boat from Højer, ceded to Denmark in 1920. A direct German route was built in 1927. *

: Lutepää is a small village on the Värska-to-Saatse gravel road in southeast and it can only be reached by travelling through

(the one and only road through Lutepää cuts, on either side of the village, through Russia's Saatse Boot area). *

: The city centre of the Finnish city of Tornio is a pene-enclave unreachable directly by land from Finnish territory, although connected to the rest of Finland by a pair of bridges. The neighbouring Swedish municipality of Haparanda has two similar pene-enclaves unreachable directly from Swedish territory. One is an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between Tornio and Haparanda. *

: The territorial water of

completely surrounds that of the French territorial collectivity of St Pierre and Miquelon except for an EEZ corridor 10.5 NM (19.4 km) wide stretching 200 NM (370 km) to the south. This corridor is wholly enclosed within the EEZ of Canada due to the EEZ of Sable Island to the southeast of Nova Scotia. *

: The French village of Montfroc (Drôme) is a pene-exclave surrounded by Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and the salient of Drôme. *

/Switzerland: ** The smaller part of the German city of Konstanz, which includes the Altstadt (old town), lies to the south of the Rhine and has no land border with Germany, being otherwise surrounded by Switzerland; it is linked to the rest of Konstanz, and by extension to the rest of Germany, by a bridge. ** The Swiss town of Stein am Rhein has only a bridge over the Rhine connecting it to the rest of Switzerland, which it does not border on land, and is otherwise surrounded by Germany. * Guatemala/

: The changing course of the Río Suchiate has created pene-exclaves on both banks of the river. * Guyana/Venezuela: The coastal border runs in a straight, northwest–southeast line next to the beach, producing a pene-exclave of Guyana on Isla Corocoro 12 miles long and 300 feet wide at its narrowest. * Hong Kong: Shenzhen Bay Control Point (''aka'' Hong Kong Port Area) (0.50 km², ), Hong Kong's immigration/customs control point that is surrounded by

(Guangdong province – Nanshan district), is located at the northern terminus of the Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor. It is contiguous with the rest of Hong Kong only by the road surface of the motorway (the sea, including the clearance between the sea and the bridge, and the airspace remain under Chinese jurisdiction). The Hong Kong Government must pay rent to the Shenzhen municipal government for the use of the port area, amounting to 6 million per year until 2018, when a deal was reached to slash it to 1,000 starting from 2019. The rental agreement lasts until 30 June 2047. * Republic of Ireland, Ireland/

: The westernmost region of County Monaghan in Ireland contains a pene-enclave jutting into County Fermanagh,

, known as the Drummully Polyp or Salient (also locally as Coleman Island after the name of its northernmost townland, Coleman). There are two inaccessible districts: Drumard in the 'polyp' itself, belongs to Ireland and is inaccessible directly by road from any other part of Ireland; the village of Summerhill, County Fermanagh in the United Kingdom is similarly inaccessible from the rest of the United Kingdom. The A3 (UK) and N54 (Ireland) road, known as the Concession Road, crosses the border here 4 times in a short distance. *

: ** The Livigno valley near the Swiss border was at one time accessible only from Switzerland and was exempt from Italian customs, an exemption that continues today even though road access to the rest of Italy has been established. It is therefore excluded from EU VAT area. ** The village of Bagni di Craveggia can only be reached by travelling through the Canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village never became part of Switzerland, as the pastures surrounding it were owned by the people of Vigezzo Valley, rather than the people of the Swiss Onsernone Valley, at the end of which the village is situated. Consequently, the Swiss franc is commonly used. ** On the San Marino/Italy border, there is Italian land east of the River San Marino that does not join to any other part of 'dry' Italian territory. This area is only a few metres wide, and follows the river's course for around 500 metres, and is close to the Strada del Lavoro. *

: Curonian Spit's northern part in the Klaipėda District is bounded by

and the Baltic Sea, but has the common territorial waters of Lithuania. *

/United States of America: Shifts in the meandering course of the lower Rio Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande) have created numerous pene-exclaves. Under the Boundary Treaty of 1970 and earlier treaties, the two nations have maintained the actual course of the river as the United States territorial acquisitions#Mexican boundary, international boundary, but both must approve proposed changes. From 1989 to 2009, there were 128 locations where the river changed course, causing land that had been on one side of the river to then occupy the opposite bank. Until the boundary is officially changed, there are 60 small pene-exclaves of the state of Texas now lying on the southern side of the river, as well as 68 such pene-exclaves of Mexico on the northern side of the river. The last such exchange (of pre-1989 river cuts) occurred in 2009, after languishing as a proposal for 20 years. * Malaysia: In the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo, the Limbang Division is completely cut off from the rest of the state's road network. The Limbang District in the division is only accessible by road through Brunei, as it is located between Brunei's main portion and the Temburong District. The Lawas District, on the other hand, lies between Temburong and the state of Sabah. As Sabah and Sarawak have autonomy in immigration affairs, immigration checks are required when travelling into or out of the Limbang Division by road. * Namibia: Mpalila Island can only be reached from the rest of the country by travelling through Botswana. * Netherlands: Part of the province of Zeeland, namely Zeelandic Flanders is accessible by land only through the country of Belgium, although it is accessible by sea from the rest of the province of Zeeland. There is a tunnel, the Westerscheldetunnel, which also links Zeelandic Flanders to the rest of the province. *

: Properties 79/3 and 79/4 () at Trosterud in Aurskog-Høland Municipality,

, are only accessible by a road that follows the Norwegian–Sweden, Swedish border, boundary. Some nearby houses in Sweden are only accessible from that road that is connected to a larger road only in Norway. *

: An area north of Tourém is cut off from the rest of Portuguese territory by the lake Encoro de Salas, being surrounded by Spain, Spanish territory. It is accessible by a road bridge, but otherwise does not border the rest of

. *

: ** Dubki, Pechorsky District, Pskov Oblast, Dubki area is bounded by

and Lake Peipsi-Pihkva. ** The settlement of Maloje Kulisko is separated from the rest of the country by the Kuuleski River; the village is otherwise surrounded by

n territory, although as it is a bog island, it is not accessible from Estonia either. ** Vistula Spit's eastern part in the Kaliningrad Area is bounded by Poland and the Baltic Sea, but has the common territorial waters of Russia. * Senegal: An area of marshy land, approximately south of Tiong, Mauritania is owned by Senegal, but is inaccessible from any other part of Senegal. Coastal waters, however, are contiguous. * Serbia/Bosnia and Herzegovina: In the vicinity of Međurečje (Rudo), Međurečje a salient belonging to Serbia is connected by a 30-metre-wide, 660-metre-long land corridor. It has road access only by passing through Bosnia and Herzegovina
43°36'10.3"N 19°15'49.5"E
. * Slovenia: A farmhouse and a few other buildings in the village of Rigonce on the left bank of the river Sutla, Sotla/Sutla can only be reached through

. *

: Os de Civís is inaccessible via any other part of Spanish territory, as one has to travel via Andorra. *

: The settlements Naimakka, Keinovuopio and some few more farms located on the Swedish side of the Könkämäeno river have road access only on the Finnish side. *

: A territory in the northwestern end of Togo is only accessible through Burkina Faso. * Turkey: ** The East Thrace, European section of Turkey is bounded by Greece and Bulgaria. Despite that the European section and the Asian section of Turkey are not geographically conterminous and are separated by the Turkish Straits, there are three connecting bridges, one highway and one railway tunnel in Istanbul and one Çanakkale 1915 Bridge, bridge in Çanakkale. ** The valley of Macahel, which includes five villages in northeastern Turkey, can only be reached by vehicle via Batumi in Georgia (country), Georgia. In winter, as the snow shuts the paths that are completely within the borders of Turkey, the road via Batumi is the only way to travel there. ** Turkey has a pene-exclave west of the Maritsa River opposite Edirne (Adrianople), with a land boundary of 10.8 km with Greece. * Uganda: The extreme tip of Tanzania's Kanyiragwa peninsula is a very small pene-exclave of Uganda on the shore of Lake Victoria, created by the 1st parallel south, parallel of latitude that defines most of the border between Uganda and Tanzania. *

: Northern Ireland is bounded by Republic of Ireland, Ireland, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. * United States of America/

: ** Although Alaska is itself a pene-exclave (road access is primarily via the Alaska Highway), much of the Alaska Panhandle consists of mountainous peninsulas; many communities along the coast lack road connection to other parts of Alaska directly, such as the state capital, Juneau, Alaska, Juneau. Three communities are connected by road to Canada with no road to any other point in Alaska: Haines, Alaska, Haines via the Haines Highway; Skagway, Alaska, Skagway via the Klondike Highway; and Hyder, Alaska, Hyder to Stewart, British Columbia. The distance between Haines and Skagway is about by the Alaska Marine Highway car ferry but by road through Canada. Hyder is the only point in the U.S. that can be entered legally without reporting for border inspection; while Canada maintains a border post on the road to Stewart, the U.S. border post was closed in the 1970s. Hyder is connected to the rest of Alaska only by a seaplane service to Ketchikan, Alaska, Ketchikan, with customs inspection done on arrival in Ketchikan. ** Point Roberts, Washington, is bounded by British Columbia, Canada, the Strait of Georgia, and Boundary Bay. It can be reached from the rest of Washington State only via road through two border crossings. ** A slice of land on the edge of Lake Metigoshe lies in North Dakota's Roland Township bordering Municipality of Deloraine – Winchester, Winchester, Canada. ** A peninsula juts into North Dakota within the Osthus lake in Rolette County, North Dakota, Rolette County, North Dakota, 500 meters south of Gunnville Lake and 700 meters east of Wakopa Creek, in the Wakopa Wildlife Management Area. ** The Northwest Angle – the northernmost part of Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, and the northernmost part of the contiguous 48 states – is bounded by Manitoba, Canada and Lake of the Woods. Access to the rest of Minnesota is only via boat or by a pair of vehicular border crossings. ** Elm Point, Minnesota and two small pieces of uninhabited land just to its west (Buffalo Bay Point) are also bounded by Manitoba and Lake of the Woods. ** The Alburgh, Vermont, Alburgh Tongue in Lake Champlain, location of the town of Alburgh, Vermont, is bounded by

, Canada to the north. The community can be reached via road bridges from Vermont or New York. ** Lake Champlain#Province Point, Vermont, Province Point, the small end of a peninsula east of Alburgh, Vermont, is bounded by Quebec and Lake Champlain. ** Estcourt Station, Maine, does not have public road access to the rest of Maine. Instead, Estcourt Station's houses, store and gas station access Rue Frontiere, a street on the Canadian side of the border in Pohenegamook, Quebec.

Divided islands

: * Argentina/Chile: ** Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is a shared island; the eastern section is part of Argentina's Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina), Tierra del Fuego province and the western is part of Chile. The island is surrounded by the Beagle Channel, the Strait of Magellan, and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. ** Isla Dos Hitos in General Carrera Lake, Lago General Carrera/Lago Buenos Aires is shared. ** The border divides an island formed by branches of the Mayer River, Río Mayer. * Bahrain/Saudi Arabia: ''Middle East Causeway Embankment No. 4'' is an island situated on the King Fahd Causeway in the Persian Gulf. On this small hourglass-shaped island is the border between the two nations, each connected to the island by a bridge. The border station was designed as two connected islands, with the west side designated as Saudi Arabian and the east as Bahraini. * Belarus and Latvia's international border divides an island in Lake Rychy; hence, each has a pene-exclave there. * Belarus/

: Sosnovec Island and another nameless island in Lake Drūkšiai are each divided by the two nations; hence, they are pene-exclaves. * Bolivia and Chile share an island formed by the Putani River, Río Putani and its branch, Quebrado Coipacoipani. * Brunei/

/Malaysia: Borneo's subdivisions include a part of Malaysia (the states of Sabah and Sarawak), the nation of Brunei, and a part of Indonesia that are conterminous. *

and Denmark share Hans Island in Nunavut and Greenland respectively. * Djibouti and

each have a pene-exclave on an island off Cape Aleilou in Lake Abbe. Only the eastern tip of the island belongs to Djibouti. *

and

each have pene-exclaves on two List of divided islands, divided lake islands and one divided river islet on their international border. *

: ** The Finnish municipality of Tornio and the neighbouring Swedish municipality of Haparanda share an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between the two. ** Märket is a small 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) uninhabited island in the Baltic Sea, which has been divided between the two nations since the Treaty of Fredrikshamn of 1809. The unusual border consists of eight line segments and takes the form of an inverted 'S', with the island's lighthouse connected to the rest of Finland only by a short stretch of land. ** Kataja, Kataja Island (Inakari in Finnish) is divided into two pene-exclaves, one of each nation. It was formed by the merger of two smaller islands due to post-glacial rebound. *

: ** Koiluoto, Koiluoto Island, located in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, is divided by the two nations; hence, it consists of a pene-exclave of each. ** The two also divide Vanhasaari/), Jähi, and an island southeast of Peräluoto. ** The two nations also each have pene-exclaves on ten List of divided islands, divided islands in lakes on their international border. *

/Malaysia: Sebatik Island, a satellite island of Borneo, is divided between the two nations. *

/Papua New Guinea: On the island of New Guinea, West Papua (region), West Papua is surrounded by Papua New Guinea, the Arafura Sea and the Pacific Ocean. *

/Timor-Leste: Timor island is divided between the two nations. * Republic of Ireland, Ireland/

: The islet of Pollatawny in Lough Vearty lies on the international border; hence, each nation has a pene-exclave there. *

: An island in the Šešupė River is divided between Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. *

/South Korea: ** A small lake island is divided between North Korea and Songsan-ri, Paju-si, Gyeonggi Province, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea at . ** A river island at is split between them. *

and

each have pene-exclaves on two List of divided islands, divided islands and one divided islet in two lakes on their international border. *

: On their international border, Norway and Sweden divide 16 List of divided islands, lake islands and one river islet into pene-exclaves of each nation. *

and

divide Usedom, Usedom Island, in the northern part of the Szczecin Lagoon. * Collectivity of Saint Martin, St. Martin/Sint Maarten in the Caribbean Sea are pene-exclaves of

and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, respectively. * Turkey: ** The tripoint junction () of the borders of Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria is on an island in the Maritsa River known as ''Kavak Ada'' or ''Évros Alpha.'' Thus it contains three pene-exclaves. ** Turkey and Greece divide an island in the Maritsa River known as island ''Q'' located at , thus each nation has a pene-exclave there. * United States of America/

: The two nations share extremely long borders defined by two meridians of longitude and the 49th parallel north#The Canada – United States border, 49th parallel of north latitude, crossing many lakes and rivers and, in at least 46 locations, dividing many islands. Each List of divided islands, divided island contains a pene-exclave of each nation: ** Canada and the U.S. divide a
island
in the Columbia River at near the List of Canada–United States border crossings, Waneta border crossing of Washington (state), Washington and British Columbia. ** Sheridan County, Montana, Salt Lake in northeastern

, known as Alkali Lake in Saskatchewan, contains a
island
that is crossed by the international border at its southern tip (). When the lake is not dry, the island forms pene-exclaves of each nation. ** The two nations also divide two islands on their international border in Boundary Lake,

and Manitoba. The larger eastern island lies at ; the tiny western island is at . ** Each nation has a pene-exclave on the 77-acr
Province Island
at in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont and

. The small southern tip is on the U.S. side; the remaining 90% of the island is Canadian. **The two nations divide Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas, Pine and Curry Island in Lake of the Woods on the Minnesota/Ontario border at ** In addition to the above, the two nations share a border on approximately 17 other List of divided islands#Lake islands, lake islands (5 are in

/Yukon) and approximately 50 other List of divided islands#River islands, river islands (37 in Alaska/Yukon, including at least 18 among greatly bifurcated flows). The 13 river islands outside of Alaska and Yukon border the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota and Maine (1, 7, 1 and 4, respectively) and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec and New Brunswick (1, 5, 2, 1, 1 and 3, respectively). The 17 lake islands at lower latitudes are shared by the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Vermont and Maine (2, 2, 9, 1, 1, 1 and 1, respectively), and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick (2, 1, 2, 8, 2, 1 and 1, respectively).

Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)

* In

: **The sparsely-inhabited Jervis Bay Territory occupies a coastal peninsula. It is not part of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but the laws of the ACT do apply to it. The Jervis Bay Territory is administered by the government of the ACT and thus it is a pene-exclave, accessible only by travel through

. ** The border between Victoria, Australia, Victoria and New South Wales runs along the top of the south bank of the Murray River as far east as the source, thus the entire bank between the source and

n border technically constitutes a pene-enclave of New South Wales, accessible by crossing the river by road only through Victoria. * In

: ** The village of Paranapiacaba, a district of Santo André municipality, is only accessible by road through the Rio Grande da Serra municipality. * In

: ** The village of Atlin, British Columbia, is only accessible by road through the Yukon Territory. ** The village of Tungsten, Northwest Territories is only accessible by road through the Yukon. ** Similarly, to reach the towns of Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories, Fort McPherson, Tsiigehtchic and Inuvik in the Inuvik Region by road from elsewhere in the Northwest Territories, it is necessary to drive into Yukon and take the Dempster Highway. ** Cold Lake (Canada), Cold Lake, a large C-shaped lake, straddles the border between Alberta and Saskatchewan in such a way that a peninsula in Albertan territory can only be reached overland by passing through Saskatchewan's Meadow Lake Provincial Park. ** All Hudson Bay#Islands, islands in Hudson Bay, including James Bay#Islands, those within James Bay, and Ungava Bay#Geography, islands in Ungava Bay and Hudson Strait, are part of the territory of Nunavut; many of those along the Ontario or Québec coasts are accessible from those provinces over frozen ice at times rather than the rest of the territory. ** Côte-Nord, North Shore communities in eastern Québec are accessible by road only through Labrador, separated by a gap in Quebec Route 138, Route 138. * In

: ** Most of Chongming Island at the mouth of the Yangtze is administered as Chongming County of Shanghai municipality. However, a long swath of the northern side of the island was added to the island in the 1970s from the formerly separate island of Yonglongsha. It is divided between Haiyong Township, Haiyong and Qilong Township, Qilong township (PRC), townships, which are administered as pene-exclaves of Nantong's county (PRC), county-level county-level city, cities of Haimen and Qidong City, Qidong, respectively. Formerly connected only by ferry, they joined the mainland's road network with the completion of the Chongqi Bridge, although all routes now pass through Shanghai's territory * In

, the municipality of Tumaco (Nariño (Colombia), Nariño) has a pene-exclave (San Juan de la Costa, Nariño, San Juan de la Costa) between the Pacific Ocean and the municipalities of Francisco Pizarro, Nariño, Francisco Pizarro and Mosquera, Nariño, Mosquera. * In

: ** Slatine on the island of Čiovo is a pene-enclave of the city of Split, Croatia, Split, as it can be reached by road only via three other municipalities (Solin, Kaštela and Trogir). ** The north-western part of the municipality of Tisno is separated from the rest of the municipality by the municipality of Pirovac. ** The villages of Vlašići and Smokvica, Pag, Smokvica belong to the town of Pag (town), Pag, but are separated from it by the municipality of Povljana. * In

: **Haapsalu urban municipality is a coastal pene-enclave of Lääne-Nigula Parish; **Loksa is a coastal pene-enclave of Kuusalu Parish; **Aegna island subdistrict of Tallinn lies on the coast of Viimsi Parish, while Naissaar island of Viimsi Parish lies closer to Tallinn and Harku Parish. **Kõinastu islet village of Saaremaa Parish is accessible both by sea from Saaremaa island and on land and shallow water from the insular Muhu Parish; * In

, the South Karelian municipality of Taipalsaari is spread across several islands and peninsulas in Lake Saimaa; many are only accessible by road from its neighbouring municipalities. For example, the village of Merenlahti is located on a small peninsula, and the only way to get there by road is through Lappeenranta. * In

, the North Sea islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn and Nigehörn off the Lower Saxony, Lower Saxon coast are pene-exclaves of the federal state of Hamburg. During low tide, one can reach the tidal island of Neuwerk on foot or by horse carriages. * In Hong Kong: ** 9 and 11 Anderson Road and Anderson Road Service Reservoir within Sai Kung District of the New Territories are only accessible from On Sau Road which lies within Wong Tai Sin District of New Kowloon, after this part of Anderson Road was demolished in 2014. ** Northernmost part of Chek Lap Kok island, part of the third runway of the Chek Lap Kok Airport, which has a land border with Islands District while itself being part of Tuen Mun District, has no direct access overland or by road with the rest of its district. ** Southern part of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort in Penny's Bay, part of Islands District, is only accessible over land through Tsuen Wan District. ** The southeastern end of the Kai Tak Development Area, itself within Kowloon City District, is only accessible by road from Kwun Tong District via Cheung Yip Street, Shing Cheong Road, Kai Tak Bridge and Shing Fung Road. ** Ma Wan is part of Tsuen Wan District, but only has land access with the rest of the district through Tsing Yi, which is part of Kwai Tsing District. ** The northern part of Sai Kung Peninsula, known collectively as Sai Kung North, is a part of Tai Po District, not Sai Kung District. There is no direct road link between the two areas. ** Southern tip of the west breakwater of the naval base on the southern part of Stonecutters Island, which crosses the southern edge of Sham Shui Po District into Kwai Tsing District, is only accessible from the rest of Kwai Tsing District by traveling through Sham Shui Po District. **Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula, which is located in the northeastern part of Lantau Island, is not a part of Islands District, but rather Tsuen Wan District. * In

: ** Hafnarfjörður municipality is divided into two sections, on opposite sides of a peninsula. ** Skagabyggð municipality has two noncontiguous pieces with sea access. ** The municipality of Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur has three sections. Two sections are connected at a quadripoint, and the third is effectively separate, although administrative boundaries are undetermined. If this section is in fact connected, then the municipality of Bláskógabyggð would be divided in two (although still connected at the aforementioned quadripoint). * In

: ** The Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu includes two coastal exclaves in the state of Gujarat: Diu Island and Daman district, India, Daman district ** In Tamil Nadu State, the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve contains 27 exclaves of the two districts of Kanyakumari district, Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli district, Tirunelveli. * In

: ** The province of Yogyakarta is a coastal enclave of

province with access to the Indian Ocean in the south. ** In

, the city of Medan is a coastal enclave of Deli Serdang regency with access to the Strait of Malacca in the north. ** In South Sumatra, the districts of Tanjung Sakti Pumi and Tanjung Sakti Pumu in Lahat Regency, which lies west of Pagar Alam, Pagar Alam City, is only accessible by road to the rest of the regency through Pagar Alam City. ** In

, the districts of Kasembon, Ngantang, and Pujon in

, which lies west of Batu, East Java, Batu City, is only accessible by road to the rest of the Regency through Batu City. ** In Central Sulawesi, eleven of the sixteen districts of Donggala Regency are collectively separated from the rest of the regency by the city of Palu, Sigi Regency and Palu Bay. ** In South Sulawesi, six districts of Luwu Regency, namely Walenrang, East Walenrang, West Walenrang, North Walenrang, Lamasi, and East Lamasi, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of Palopo. ** In West Nusa Tenggara, two districts of Bima Regency, namely Tambora, and Sanggar, are separated from the rest of the regency by the Dompu Regency. * In

: ** The townland of Aughinish in the parish of Oughtmama is a coastal pene-exclave of County Clare, from where it can be accessed by land only by travelling through County Galway. ** Sheanbeg is a townland east of Lismore, County Waterford that can only be accessed by road by passing through County Cork. Similarly, the adjacent townland of Marshtown in County Cork can only be accessed by passing through County Waterford. * In Isle of Man, the Local government in the Isle of Man, parish of Rushen is split into two sections by Port Erin and Port St. Mary. * In

: ** The southern part of the Province of Venice, Veneto, can be reached by land only by travelling through the Province of Padua. ** The municipality of Oliveto Lario on the shore of Lake Como belongs to the Province of Lecco,

, but can be reached by land only through the Province of Como. ** The village of Santa Margherita on the shore of Lake Lugano belongs to the municipality of Valsolda (Province of Como), but can be reached by land only by travelling through the municipalities of Claino con Osteno and Porlezza. * In Macau: ** The campus of the University of Macau is defined to be part of the statutory definition of Taipa and part of Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo but is only accessible through an undersea tunnel connected to Cotai. * In Malaysia: ** Cape Rachado is an exclave of States of Malaysia, state of Malacca, which lies on the coast of Negeri Sembilan. ** Cameron Highlands lies in the state of Pahang, but for many years the only road access was from Tapah in the state of Perak. A second route to Simpang Pulai in Perak and Gua Musang District, Gua Musang in Kelantan was opened in 2004. It was not until 2010 when the Malaysia Federal Route 102 was completed, connecting the highlands to the rest of Pahang. * In

, Calica and Xel-Há are two polygons of land belonging to the municipality of Cozumel in the state of Quintana Roo which are bounded by the municipalities of Solidaridad, Quintana Roo, Solidaridad and Tulum, Quintana Roo, Tulum, respectively. Both polygons possess a coastline. * In Moldova, Tiraspol, the capital city of the breakaway territory of Transnistria, lies on the left bank of the Dniester River but has two pene-exclaves on the right bank inside an oxbow bend, which must be accessed on land through the Căuşeni district. * In Montenegro, the southern portion of the municipality of Herceg Novi can be accessed by land only through the municipalities of Kotor and Tivat. * In the Netherlands, the province of Overijssel has two pene-exclaves on the Gelderland bank of the IJssel river opposite the towns of Olst and Wijhe, in which the villages of Marle (northerly), Welsum and Welsumerveld (southerly) are situated. There are cable ferries between Olst and Welsum and between Wijhe and Vorchten in the municipality of Heerde (there is no direct connection between Marle and the rest of Overijssel). * In

, Asker Municipality and Bærum Municipality in Akershus county are separated from the rest of the county by land that belongs to the counties of Oslo and Buskerud and the Oslofjorden. However, these municipalities border on the bay of Oslofjord. * In the

: ** In Soccsksargen, Sarangani province is divided by General Santos and Sarangani Bay. ** In Zamboanga Peninsula: *** Isabela, Basilan, Isabela City is part of this region (although it is the capital of the Bangsamoro province of Basilan), but it is separated from it by Basilan Strait. *** Zamboanga del Sur – Zamboanga City, a chartered city, is unofficially part of this province but is separated from it by Zamboanga Sibugay. ** In Romblon, Romblon Province, the exclave of the municipality of Looc, Romblon, Looc is separated by the Looc Bay forming a peninsula with neighboring municipality of Santa Fe, Romblon, Santa Fe. * In

, Vila Real de Santo António Municipality, Vila Real de Santo António is divided into 3 ''freguesias'', with one a few kilometres west of the other two. The "main," eastern part of its territory (where the municipal seat stands and where most of its inhabitants live) is more than three times smaller than the "secondary" part. To go from the eastern part to the western, one must pass through territory belonging to the municipality of

, or go by sea, as all 3 ''freguesias'' face the Atlantic Ocean to the South. * In the Republic of China (Taiwan), Keelung City (part of Taiwan Province) faces East China Sea on one side and borders New Taipei City (a Special municipality of Taiwan, special municipality not a part of Taiwan Province) on all other sides. * In

, the village of Nămoloasa (Galați County) can be accessed only through Vrancea County (where there is a bridge over the Siret (river), Siret) because it is separated by the Siret from the rest of Galați county. * In

: ** Adjacent to the northwestern boundary of

, there is a small exclave of the Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast, Krasnogorsk administrative district located at the 65-km mark outside of the 137-km Moscow Ring Road (''Moskovskaya Koltsevaya Avtomobilnaya Doroga'' or MKAD), within which the administrative center and regional court are located. This area lacks access to the nearby Moscow River. * In Samoa, A'ana, Palauli, Satupa'itea, and Va'a-o-Fonoti districts each have one exclave, and Gaga'emauga district has two. All parts of each district have sea access. * In South Korea: ** Incheon Metropolitan City: Ganghwa Island is administered by Incheon, but is connected by bridges to Gyeonggi Province. ** Yeongjong Island, where Incheon International Airport is located, is administered by Jung-gu, but is connected by bridges to Seo-gu and Yeonsu-gu. (A "gu" is a geo-political subdivision of S. Korea's metropolitan cities). * In Switzerland: ** canton of Lucerne, Lucerne has two pieces separated from the main territory by Lake Lucerne; one borders Schwyz, the other Nidwalden. ** Canton of Bern, Bern has a municipitality named Schelten, La Scheulte that has only a 12-metre border with the rest of the Canton of Bern, which can be reached only through the Canton of Jura or through the Canton of Solothurn
47°20'01.9"N 7°33'08.2"E
** Nidwalden's district of Hergiswil is separated by an arm of Lake Lucerne. ** One of the pieces of canton of Fribourg, Fribourg is a large exclave bounded by Vaud and Lake Neuchâtel. ** Vaud has one exclave, Avenches, bordered by Lake Neuchâtel and Fribourg. Canton of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel also has one small pene-exclave, Tour romande, on the opposite shore of Lake Neuchâtel, bordering Bern, Fribourg, and Vaud (Avenches exclave). The coast of Lake Neuchâtel is thus separated into eight pieces belonging to four cantons: clockwise from the north they are Neuchâtel (main), Bern (main), Neuchâtel (pene-exclave), Vaud (exclave), Fribourg (main), Vaud (main), Fribourg (exclave), Vaud (main). ** Within Vaud, Geneva has a pene-exclave on the shoreline on Lake Geneva. It is one of the two separate parts of the commune of Céligny. * In Ukraine, Kinburn peninsula is administratively a part of Mykolaiv Oblast but can be reached by land only from Kherson Oblast, as it is surrounded by sea from the main part of Mykolaiv Oblast. * In the United Arab Emirates: ** The emirate of Sharjah (emirate), Sharjah has three pene-exclaves on the Gulf of Oman: Dibba Al-Hisn, Khor Fakkan and Kalba, Kalbā. Kalbā has two separate parts (east and west) connected by a middle zone that is administered jointly with Fujairah. Al 'Ayn al Ghumūr, Samāḩ and Waḩlah are located in this middle zone. Western Kalbā contains Zārūb, Maskūnah, Falaj, Ḩarrah, Mazārī', Fayyāᶁ, Wādī La'ili, Wādī Muᶁayq, Minazif and Dhabābiḩah. ** The emirate of Fujairah comprises two noncontiguous sections on the Gulf of Oman. The southerly of these two sections itself has two separate parts (north and south) connected by the aforementioned middle zone that is administered jointly with Sharjah. Wādī Umm al Ghāt, Wādī al Qūr and Wādī 'Abd al 'Aram are in the southernmost part. * In the

: ** England: *** The village of Pentreheyling in Shropshire, near the Wales, Welsh border and south-east of Montgomery, Powys, Montgomery, is disconnected from the rest of England by road. (se
map
. *** On the English side of the English/Scottish border, the hamlet of High Cocklaw is not accessible directly from any other part of England except via footpath. *** Newmarket, Suffolk, Newmarket is part of the County of Suffolk, but has only a small strip of land connecting it to the rest of the county and is otherwise entirely surrounded by Cambridgeshire. ** Scotland: There are two parts inaccessible from anywhere else other than by travelling through England: these are Edrington Castle and the village of Cawderstanes, which is accessible to the rest of Scotland by footbridge only. There is also a small area of land adjacent to a weir on the River Tweed, north of the B6350 road, due south of Coldstream and due south west of Cornhill on Tweed, from where one can reach the rest of Scotland directly only by crossing the weir. ** Wales: *** In Flintshire, on the River Dee (United Kingdom), Dee estuary, there are several bits of marshland that are separated from other bits of Wales. *** There is also a small area of land south of Wyastone Leys that is inaccessible from any other area of Wales directly by road, being separated by land and the River Wye. *** Several small uninhabited areas near the hamlet of Part-Y-Seal or Pant-Y-Seal near Grosmont, Monmouthshire are inaccessible from Wales directly; these include one farm, two river banks and a small island in the River Monnow. These appear to be due to shifts in the course of the river. * In the United States of America: ** Shifts in the meandering course of the lower Mississippi River have created numerous pene-exclaves. ***Arkansas has territory at across the Mississippi River on the northwest edge of Tennessee's Fort Pillow State Park, north of the Corona/Reverie, Tennessee irregularity (see below). ***Illinois' Kaskaskia, Illinois, Kaskaskia, Missouri's Grand Tower Island and other Illinois and Missouri territory on each other's side of the Mississippi River. ***The state of Mississippi controls at least 11 exclaves on the west bank of the Mississippi River in Louisiana, while Louisiana owns 8 exclaves on Mississippi's side. ***Mississippi state also owns 14 exclaves on the bank in

, while Arkansas has 15 of its own on Mississippi's side. ** In

: *** Coast Guard Island in the Oakland estuary is part of the city of Alameda, California, Alameda but it is accessible only via a bridge from

. *** The seaport of San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, San Pedro is part of the Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles but is connected to the rest of the city only by a narrow strip of land known as the Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, California, Harbor Gateway, four city blocks wide and several miles long. *** The City of San Diego has a significantly large exclave. It includes the communities of San Ysidro, San Diego, San Ysidro, Otay Mesa, Palm, and other neighborhoods considered as parts of San Diego. This piece of San Diego is separated from the main portion of San Diego by 7 miles, divided by the cities of National City, California, National City and Chula Vista. Technically, it is connected to the rest of San Diego by a seven-mile-long, two-inch-wide strip of land on the bottom of San Diego Bay. Hence, it is essentially an exclave, and it is commonly referred to as "South San Diego". *** The city of Coronado, California, Coronado, nearly encircled by San Diego Bay, can be reached by land only via a narrow isthmus connected to Imperial Beach, CA, Imperial Beach. A bridge also connects it to San Diego. Four other small pene-exclaves occupy the same peninsula. Coastal lands that are north of Wright Ave., at the northern end of First St., part of Coronado Ferry Landing Park, and that surround most of Naval Air Station North Island (island before 1945) are part of the city of San Diego and are accessible on land only through the city of Coronado. A large portion of the famous Coronado beach is in the City of San Diego. *** Redwood Shores on the San Francisco Peninsula is part of Redwood City, California, Redwood City, but is only connected with the rest of the city by an area of wetland in San Francisco Bay. It is accessible only via the cities of San Carlos, California, San Carlos and Belmont, California, Belmont. *** Devils Postpile National Monument in eastern Madera County, California, is inaccessible from the remainder of the county due to wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada mountain range. It can be reached only via Mono County near Mammoth Lakes. *** The General Grant Grove is an isolated, noncontiguous section of Kings Canyon National Park. ** Delaware – At least two parcels of land on the eastern (New Jersey) side of the Delaware River belong to the state of Delaware (the bulk of which is west of the river) and not to New Jersey. This is because within the "Twelve Mile Circle", the entire Delaware River, to the low water mark, is the territory of Delaware and not New Jersey (unlike many other river borders where the border is at some intermediate point in the river itself). As a result, certain areas (including the Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge and a portion of the Salem Nuclear Power Plant) on the New Jersey side of the river that have been expanded by adding fill into areas that were historically below the low water mark are considered part of New Castle County, Delaware, and not Salem County, New Jersey. Both of these areas are accessible by land only by traveling through New Jersey. **

– Ellis Park Race Course, a Thoroughbred horse racing track in Henderson, Kentucky, actually lies to the north of the

that forms the border between Kentucky and

. The border is based on the river's course when Kentucky achieved statehood in 1792; a change in course to the south left the land that would later house Ellis Park cut off from the rest of Kentucky by the river. Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges, A pair of bridges across the Ohio connect the track to the rest of Kentucky. **

– The town of Carter Lake, Iowa, occupied a meander on the left bank of the Missouri River, until 1877 when flooding caused the river to jump its banks, shortening the main stream. The meander became an oxbow lake and Carter Lake now found itself on the right bank, attached to Nebraska. A lengthy court case ensued; the Supreme Court of the United States finally held that the sudden change in the river's course did not change the original boundary, and Carter Lake was still part of Iowa. (''Nebraska v. Iowa'', 143 U.S. 359 (1892)). The Court delayed a final decree to allow Nebraska and Iowa to reach an agreement consistent with its holding, which the states did. (145 U.S. 519 (1892)). All of the roads into Carter Lake run through Omaha, Nebraska. **For similar geographic reasons several portions of Nebraska lie east of the Missouri River, mainly due to flooding and changes in the river's path: ***DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge near Blair, which borders Iowa. A portion of Iowa is also on the Nebraska side in the same area. ***McKissick Island near Peru, which borders Missouri. ***A section of land that borders Iowa, Sloan, Iowa, Sloan. ***Onawa Materials Yard Wildlife Area and Middle Decatur Bend State Wildlife Management Area near Onawa, Iowa. ** Louisiana – The island of Grand Isle, Louisiana, Grand Isle is part of Jefferson Parish but can be reached on land only via a bridge from Lafourche Parish. ** In Massachusetts: *** Acoaxet is a portion of the town of Westport, Massachusetts, Westport that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west, Buzzards Bay on its south, and the west branch of the Westport River on its east; it can only be accessed by road from Little Compton, Rhode Island. *** There is a narrow salient of Fall River, Massachusetts, Fall River that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west and the west shores of Watuppa Ponds, South Watuppa Pond, Stony Brook and Sawdy Pond on its east; several homes and streets located within this salient can only be accessed by road from Tiverton, Rhode Island. *** Humarock, legally part of Scituate, Massachusetts, Scituate, was separated from the rest of the town in the Blizzard of 1898, in which the mouth of the North River (Massachusetts Bay), North River shifted. The village is only accessible via a bridge that connects it to Marshfield, Massachusetts, Marshfield, but has a peninsular connection to the mainland to the south at the old mouth of the North River, no
Rexhame Beach
*** Long Island (Massachusetts), Long Island, situated in Boston Harbor, is part of the City of Boston (Suffolk County, Massachusetts, Suffolk County) yet remains accessible by road only from Quincy, Massachusetts, Quincy (Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk County). *** The town of Sandwich, Massachusetts, Sandwich is partially separated in its northern portion by the Cape Cod Canal and is only accessible by road through the neighboring town of Bourne, Massachusetts, Bourne. *** A neighborhood in Webster, Massachusetts, Webster that lies on the south shore of Lake Chaubunagungamaug (or Webster Lake) that is detached from the rest of the town's road network and can only be accessed by roads from neighboring Thompson, Connecticut. **

– *** The "Lost Peninsula" in Monroe County, Michigan, can only be reached via Toledo, Ohio. It is otherwise surrounded by Maumee Bay in Lake Erie.
Map
*** The Upper Peninsula is attached by land to Wisconsin. It is connected to the rest of Michigan via the Mackinac Bridge on Interstate 75 in Michigan, I-75. **

– St. Joseph Rosecrans Memorial Airport is separated from St. Joseph and Buchanan County by the Missouri River. The airport, which lies on the west bank of the river, was once on the east bank along with the remainder of the city and county. Shifts in the course of the river put it on the west bank; part of the former course of the river became Browning Lake, an oxbow lake to the south of the airport. The only land access to the airport from Missouri is via

Route 238 through Elwood. ** New Hampshire: ***Chatham, New Hampshire, Chatham is only accessible by road through Maine. ***In Rindge, New Hampshire, Rindge, there is a small peninsula in Lake Monomonac that is only accessible by road from Winchendon, Massachusetts. ***Similarly, in Wakefield, New Hampshire, Wakefield, a peninsula that juts out into Great East Lake can only be accessed by road from Acton, Maine. ** In

: *** In Ocean County, New Jersey, Ocean County, Long Beach Township, New Jersey, Long Beach Township is split into four parts, each with sea access. *** Elsewhere in Ocean County, Dover Beaches South, New Jersey, Ortley Beach and Dover Beaches North, New Jersey, some other small sections of Toms River Township, New Jersey, Toms River, otherwise inland, are located on Barnegat Peninsula. *** In Monmouth County, the Sandy Hook, New Jersey, Sandy Hook peninsula is within Middletown Township, though it is not connected to the rest of the township by land. *** The northernmost land in the state, just south of the Tri-States Monument in Sussex County, New Jersey, Sussex County's Montague Township, New Jersey, Montague Township, is the end of the point bar at the confluence of the Delaware River, Delaware and Neversink River, Neversink rivers. It can only be reached by roads that go through Port Jervis, New York. ** In

: *** The construction in 1895 of the Harlem River Ship Canal isolated Marble Hill, Manhattan, New York, Marble Hill, a small portion of the northern tip of Manhattan (New York County). Initially an island, it was later physically connected to the Bronx by the filling of Spuyten Duyvil Creek. It remains politically part of Manhattan, to which it is connected by the Broadway Bridge. Thus, it is part of the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, but not the island of Manhattan. *** Rockaway, Queens, Rockaway Peninsula, part of Queens, is connected to the rest of New York City only by two causeways across Jamaica Bay, or through Nassau County, New York, Nassau County. *** Riker's Island, the County jail, jail complex of the New York City, City of New York, is considered to be in the borough of The Bronx, but is only accessible via the Riker's Island Bridge, which terminates in the Borough of Queens. *** Manhattan's borders often extend to the shorelines of the other boroughs so that, for example, certain piers extending from the Brooklyn waterfront are part of Manhattan but accessible only from Brooklyn. Manhattan (New York County) claims the entire East River bed. *** A strip of the Bronx is separated from the rest of the borough by Pelham Bay Park as a result of a past error in drawing the border. The only residential street in this pene-exclave, Park Drive, is accessible by car only via the town of Pelham (town), Westchester County, New York, Pelham, in Westchester County. *** A small part of the city of Mount Vernon is cut off from the rest of the city by the Cross County Parkway. The three streets of Alta Drive, Alta Parkway and Labelle Road can only be accessed by car via the town of Eastchester (town), New York, Eastchester. *** The geography of the Catskill Mountains in upstate New York creates pene-exclaves in two counties. Halcott, New York, Halcott, at the southwestern corner of Greene County, New York, Greene County, and Hardenburgh, New York, Hardenburgh, at the western corner of Ulster County, New York, Ulster County, have extensive borders with neighboring towns in their respective counties. But those are along mountain ridgelines directly crossed only by hiking trails, or (in Halcott's case) poor-quality unpaved roads, and vehicles traveling to those towns from the rest of the county must take roads through neighboring counties to do so. *** The town of Hardenbergh is also an exclave of itself. The only road directly connecting its southern half, along the upper Beaver Kill, and the northern half along Dry Brook (East branch Delaware River), Dry Brook, now runs through state-owned Forest Preserve (New York), Forest Preserve lands and is closed to vehicle traffic. To get between those two halves, cars must travel through neighboring Delaware County. ** In North Carolina: ***Knotts Island, North Carolina, Knotts Island in Currituck County is only accessible by road through Virginia Beach, Virginia via a narrow strip of land from the west. A 45-minute ferry connects the island to the rest of Currituck. ***On the north shore of Lake Gaston lie several small areas connected only by land to Virginia. Most of these have road and bridge connections to North Carolina, but one small area south of Joyceville, Virginia has road connections only to Virginia. ** In

, the westernmost section of the city of Allentown, Pennsylvania, Allentown is a pene-en(ex)clave connected at a quadripoint with the rest of the city; it is surrounded by South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania, South Whitehall Township. *** Also in Pennsylvania, Pond Eddy, Pennsylvania, Pond Eddy, an unincorporated area along the Delaware River in Pike County, Pennsylvania, Pike County's Shohola Township, Pennsylvania, Shohola Township, is not connected by road to anywhere else in the town, county, or state. It can only be reached by driving to the Pond Eddy Bridge via roads in New York. ** In Rhode Island, the city of Warwick, Rhode Island, Warwick has an exclave called Potowomut, Rhode Island, Potowomut separated from the main body of the city by Greenwich Bay (Rhode Island), Greenwich Bay on the north and the town of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, East Greenwich on the west. *** Elsewhere in Rhode Island, Newport County, Rhode Island, Newport County consists of three islands and one mainland portion, connected to Aquidneck Island, Aquidneck, by a bridge. ** In

, over a period of about 24 hours on 7 March 1876, the Mississippi River abandoned its former channel that defined the Tennessee-Arkansas border, and established a new channel east of the town of Reverie, Tennessee. This places Reverie on the Arkansas side, while most of the area of Tipton County, Tennessee, Tipton County is located east of the Mississippi River, the Tennessee side. The direct distance between Reverie and the county seat, Covington, Tennessee, is only 18 miles (29 km), but the road trip to Covington requires the driver to cross the Mississippi River at Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, and it is longer than 83 miles (134 km). ** In South Carolina, small parts of Horry County, SC, Horry County lie on the north shore of the Little River (Horry County, South Carolina), Little River or the nearby Intracoastal Waterway and can only be reached by land connection from neighboring North Carolina. The land is unpopulated and no roads exist in the area. ** Grand Isle County, Vermont, in that state's northwest corner, consists of the Alburgh Tongue (see above) and several islands in Lake Champlain. It is only connected to the rest of the state via bridges. ** In

: ***The Eastern Shore of Virginia, Eastern Shore, comprising Accomack County, VA, Accomack County and Northampton County, VA, Northampton County, is located at the southern tip of the Delmarva Peninsula, conterminous only with Maryland on its north. It is connected to the rest of Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. ***Several pieces of land along the shores of Kerr Lake and Lake Gaston can only be accessed by land from North Carolina. Some areas are undeveloped, but others, especially along the south shore of Kerr Lake, have state highways and settlement. ***Henrico County, Virginia, Henrico County has a small parcel across the James River from the contiguous part of the county, completely surrounded by Chesterfield County, Virginia, Chesterfield County and the James River. ** In Washington (state), Washington, Camano Island is part of Island County, Washington, Island County. Although Camano is contiguous with Island County via the Saratoga Passage, its residents can only drive to the rest of the county via road and bridge by traveling north through Snohomish County and Skagit County on State Route 20, or by traveling south through Snohomish County and then to Clinton, Washington, Clinton via the Mukilteo-Clinton Washington State Ferries, ferry on State Route 525. ** West Virginia – A peninsula in Monongalia County, West Virginia, Monongalia County bounded by Cheat Lake and Rubles Run (), except for a walking trail over a dam, is only accessible by land from Fayette County, Pennsylvania, more specifically Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, Springhill Township. ** Wisconsin – The Mont du Lac, Wisconsin, Mont du Lac resort and the area to its north are accessible only by a section of Minnesota State Highway 23 that runs through a sliver of Superior (town), Wisconsin, the town of Superior in Douglas County, Wisconsin, Douglas County, in Wisconsin's northwest corner. Several local dead-end roads run off it; there is no way to reach this part of the county or state by vehicle from anywhere else in Wisconsin. ** Washington, D.C. – Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River is part of Washington, D.C., but only accessible by a footbridge from Virginia. Although the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge from Washington to Virginia passes over the island, one cannot exit from the bridge onto the island. *In Venezuela: eastern part of the state of Zulia is connected with the rest of the state by a bridge over Lake Maracaibo, and the northeastern part of the municipality of Sucre in the state of Zulia is separated from the rest of the state by the state of Mérida (state), Mérida.

Divided islands

* In

: Boundary Islet, historically known as North East Islet, is a Hogan Group islet of less than that straddles the border of the Australian states of Victoria and Tasmania. The islet is Tasmania's only land boundary, and at long, it is the shortest land border between any Australian state or territory. * In

: ** Killiniq Island is shared between Nunavut and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ** Nunavut and the Northwest Territories (NWT) share four islands that are split by the 110th meridian west, 110° W meridian: Borden Island, Mackenzie King Island, Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Melville Island and Victoria Island (Canada), Victoria Island. Excluding lake crossings, Melville Island contains three separate land boundaries between Nunavut and NWT due to coastal undulation, while Victoria Island contains six such land boundaries, of which one is on a small island. * In the

: ** Zhongshan Dao is divided between Guangdong Province and the Special administrative regions of China, Special Administrative Region and former Portuguese overseas province of Macau. ** Part of Hengqin Island in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province is leased to Macau until 2049 to house the new campus of the University of Macau. The university campus is sealed off from the rest of the island by a fence, and access to the area is provided by an underwater tunnel to Macau. * In

: ** Pag (island), Pag is divided between Lika-Senj County and Zadar County. * In

: ** Belitung is divided between Belitung Regency, Belitung and East Belitung Regency, East Belitung regencies. ** Buru is divided between Buru Regency, Buru and South Buru Regency, South Buru regencies in Maluku (province), Maluku province. ** Salawati is divided between Sorong Regency, Sorong and Raja Ampat Regency, Raja Ampat regencies in West Papua (province), West Papua province. * In the United States: ** The City and County of San Francisco has four pene-enclaves on three islands in San Francisco Bay, which it shares with neighboring counties: *** On Alameda Island adjoining Alameda County, California, Alameda County, artificial fill on the border between the two counties to build the Naval Air Station Alameda (now decommissioned) created the pene-enclave. This small piece of open space can be reached on land only by passing through Oakland, CA, Oakland and Alameda, CA, Alameda. *** There are two small (5.37 acres) pieces of land on the eastern end of Angel Island, California, Angel Island (Quarry Point and the tip of Point Blunt) that belong to San Francisco. The rest (99.3%) of Angel Island lies in the town of Tiburon, California, Tiburon, which is in Marin County, CA, Marin County. *** San Francisco and Contra Costa County share Red Rock Island. A tripoint with Marin County may sometimes be exposed at low tide. ** Bellows Falls, Vermont and Walpole, New Hampshire share an island in the Connecticut River. ** Rhode Island and Connecticut share Sandy Point Island in Little Narragansett Bay. ** New Jersey and New York share Shooter's Island, a bird sanctuary located in the south end of Newark Bay off the north shore of Staten Island. (The small portion in New Jersey is further divided between two counties.) ** Delaware and Maryland share Fenwick Island (Delaware–Maryland), Fenwick Island. ** Maryland and Virginia share Smith Island, Maryland, Smith Island in Chesapeake Bay, as well as Assateague Island on the Atlantic coast. ** Virginia and North Carolina share Knotts Island, North Carolina, Knotts Island, Mon Island, North Carolina, Mon Island and Simon Island, Virginia, Simon Island, separated from the Atlantic by an intracoastal waterway. ** North Carolina and South Carolina share Bird Island, North Carolina, Bird Island on the Atlantic coast. ** Florida and Alabama share Perdido Key in the Gulf of Mexico. ** Alabama and Mississippi share South Rigolets Island in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as an unnamed coastal island at the mouth of Bayou Heron. ** Minnesota and Wisconsin share Interstate Island State Wildlife Management Area in Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary), Saint Louis Bay between Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin. ** Michigan and Ohio share Turtle Island (Lake Erie), Turtle Island in Lake Erie. ** At the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington share Sand Island Dike and Rice Island (Oregon), Rice Island.

Historic enclaves/exclaves

National level

*Belgium: ** Belgium had a counter-enclave located near Fringshaus from 6 November 1922 until 23 April 1949, while Germany owned the connecting roads that were part of the Roetgener Wald enclave. These roads met at a traffic island north of Fringshaus, with the 2279 m² island itself being a part of Belgium. This counter-enclave was extinguished in 1949 when Belgium annexed the German roads that intersected at the traffic island. In 1958, when Belgium returned the east–west road to Germany, this traffic island also became part of the Roetgener Wald enclave *

: ** Forbidden City – The Xinhai Revolution led to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China (ROC) in 1912. In exchange for the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi, the Qing court and the ROC government signed an agreement for the favourable treatment of the abdicated emperor. Puyi was allowed to retain his title as emperor and was accorded the courtesies as a foreign monarch by the ROC government, and the imperial court remained at the Forbidden City. The Flag of the Qing Dynasty, Dragon Flag of the Qing Dynasty remained hoisted inside the Forbidden City, certain government organs such as the Imperial Household Department, Imperial Clan Court and Ministry of Justice continued to exist within the palace walls, and the emperor continued to hold court, appoint officials and grant titles of nobility. Following the 1924 Beijing Coup, Beijing coup in 1924, the warlord Feng Yuxiang unilaterally revised the agreement, abolishing Puyi's title of emperor, his right to live in the Forbidden City and other related arrangements. ** Unlike Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories that were added later constituted a pene-exclave of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom from 1860/1898 until 1997. Kowloon south of Boundary Street was ceded in perpetuity, whereas the New Territories was turned over under a 99-year lease. ** Kowloon Walled City was a counter-enclave belonging to China on the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong from 1898 to 1993. The question of jurisdiction led to a hands-off approach by Chinese and British authorities over the years until the quality of life became intolerable. A mutual decision to demolish the 2.6 hectares of structures was announced in 1987 and completed in 1994. ** Guangzhouwan, Kwang-Chou-Wan was a pene-exclave of

on the south coast of China from 1898, upon its lease to France by Qing China, until its return by France in 1946; its territory included the islands in the bay and land on both banks of the Maxie River, covering 1300 km² of land. ** Kwantung was a pene-exclave of Russian Dalian, Russia and later Kwantung Leased Territory, Japan in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria that existed from 1898 to 1945 and included the ports of Lüshunkou, Port Arthur (or Ryojun) and Dalian, Dal'niy (or Dairen), the latter founded in 1899. It was leased to Russia from 1898 until 1905, when Japan replaced Russia as leaseholder. After World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the territory in 1945, jointly administering it with the Chinese before turning it over to the People's Republic of China in 1955. ** Jinzhou walled central city remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Kwantung under the lease with Russia. This provision was substantially ignored by Japan after it replaced Russia. ** Chinese Soviet Republic, Jiangxi, officially the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR), was an Diplomatic recognition, unrecognised proto-state within the territory of Republic of China (1912–1949), China's Jiangsi, Jiangxi (Kiangsi) province. The state was proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by future Chinese Communist Party leaders and comprised Communist-controlled China (1927–1949), discontiguous territories that included 18 provinces and 4 counties under CSR control within areas controlled by the Nationalist government. ** Macao was a pene-exclave of

on the coast of the South China Sea from 1557 until 1999. ** Zhongshan Dao island in the Pearl River Delta was divided between

and Macao as a pair of pene-exclaves dating from ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1862 through the 1999 return of Macao to China. ** Qingdao, with an area of 552 km², was a pene-exclave of

(also known as the Kiautschou Bay concession), and later

, from 1898 to 1922, adjacent to Jiaozhou Bay on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in East China. The village of Qingdao became the German colony of Tsingtau. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the Republic of China canceled the lease with Germany. Japan then occupied the city and province until December 1922, when it reverted to Chinese rule. ** Shanghai was the location of British (from 1846) and American (from 1848) Concessions (later Shanghai International Settlement from 1863 to 1943) and the Shanghai French Concession from 1849 to 1946. Unlike the British sovereign colonies of Hong Kong Island and Wei-hai-wei, these Concession (territory), foreign concessions always remained Chinese sovereign territory. ** Weihai, Wei-hai-wei was a pene-exclave of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom that bordered the Yellow Sea in eastern Shandong, Shantung province of China. The city was a British colony, known also as the Weihai Garrison and sometimes as Port Edward, from 1898 to 1 October 1930, when it was returned to China. Its current name is Weihai. ** Wei-hai-wei walled central city was excluded from the leased territory and remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Wei-hai-wei. * Denmark: ** Altona, Hamburg, Altona was a Denmark, Danish exclave within

from 1640 to 1864. *

: **The island of Mont-Saint-Michel at the mouth of the Couesnon River prior to 1879 was a pene-exclave of Normandy, but only during low tide, when it was connected by a tidal causeway to the neighbouring coast. The raised causeway that was then built was replaced with a light bridge opened in 2014, thus making Mont-Saint-Michel an island again. **Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a France, French territorial collectivity, was completely surrounded from 1763 until 1992 by the waters of Canada (what would otherwise today be considered Canada's territorial waters, contiguous zone), when an EEZ corridor 10.5 NM (19.4 km) wide was created, stretching 200 NM (370 km) to the south, terminating within and surrounded by Canada's EEZ. *

** East Prussia (1919–1939), a large Germany, German semi-exclave during the Weimar Republic, was separated from Germany after World War I, when

regained access to the Baltic Sea (Polish corridor). The territory of East Prussia (essentially the old Duchy of Prussia) is now divided into Kaliningrad Oblast in

, the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship in

, and Klaipėda County in

. ** , (1922–1949), surrounded by Belgium, Belgian territory, was the sixth and southernmost of the Vennbahn enclaves created in 1922; it contained five households. The railway suffered severe damage during World War II and was not rebuilt. It ceased being an enclave when Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War, Belgium annexed the entirety in 1949. Hemmeres was reintegrated into West Germany on 28 August 1958, by an agreement with Belgium. ** Jestetten is a German town in the district of Waldshut (district), Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg that was inaccessible except by travelling through Switzerland, until a connecting road was constructed. ** was two enclaves from 1949 to 1958. Unlike its present configuration, the German enclave in 1922 was smaller in area because the central portion (between Grenzweg and a boundary with three turning points west of the Schleebach stream) was Belgian territory. Because the road connecting the two outer German portions (Highways 258/399) was German territory until 1949, the German land formed one enclave. The intersecting north–south road from Fringshaus to Konzen (now Highway B258, which has no connection to the Belgian road network) was also part of the oddly shaped enclave. In 1949 Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War, Belgium annexed these roads, thus separating the enclave into two enclaves for the next nine years. In 1958 Belgium ceded the center section of territory to West Germany, in addition to returning the adjacent east–west connecting road. This created one larger enclave in its present form. Highway B258 is the only portion of land that, once having been a part of the Roetgener Wald enclave, is now not within the enclave. **Selfkant: Between 1963 and 2002, the N274 road between Roermond and Heerlen, which was part of sovereign Dutch territory, passed through the German Selfkant, which had been annexed by the Netherlands in 1949. Selfkant, except for the road, was returned to Germany in 1963. Until the road was also returned to Germany in 2002, the western portion of Selfkant was an exclave of Germany. ** Verenahof was a German exclave within Switzerland until 1967, at which time its border became attached to Germany through a treaty implementing a land swap of a total of just under 1.06 km² in equal shares. ** West Berlin, upon the division of Berlin after World War II and before the reunification of

in 1990, was ''de facto'' a West Germany, West German exclave within East Germany. Twelve small West Berlin land areas, such as Steinstücken, were in turn separated from the main body of West Berlin, some by only a few metres. In addition, there were several small areas of East Berlin that were surrounded by West Berlin. All of Berlin was ruled "de jure" by the four Allied powers; this meant that West Berlin could not send voting members to the German Parliament and that its citizens were exempt from conscription. West Berlin#Exclaves, West Berlin exclaves were: *** (N) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** Böttcherberg (SE) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** Böttcherberg (SW) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** (1949–1988) ''land connection to West Berlin established'' *** Falkensee, Falkenhagener Wiese (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** (1949–1988) ''land connection to West Berlin established'' *** Spandau, Finkenkrug (1949–1971) inhabited, ''to East Germany'' *** Spandau, Große Kuhlake (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** Schönwalde-Glien, Laßzins-Wiesen (1949–1988) ''to East Germany'' *** (1949–1971) ''to East Germany'' *** Steinstücken (1949–1971) inhabited, ''land connection to West Berlin established'' *** (1949–1988) ''to East Germany'' **East Berlin exclaves: *** (E) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification'' *** Eiskeller (N) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification'' *** Eiskeller (S) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification'' *** Staaken, West-Staaken – ''de jure'' part of Soviet sector but ''de facto'' administered by Spandau, Spandau Borough in the British sector; seized by East Germany in 1951 and made an exclave of East Berlin's Mitte (locality), Borough of Mitte, which it remained officially until being incorporated in 1961 by the neighbouring town of Falkensee in non-Berlin East Germany. * Greece: ** Despotate of the Morea on the Peloponnesos peninsula of present-day Greece was a geographically detached province of the Byzantine Empire from 1349 to 1460; during much of that time, in addition to the Mediterranean Sea, it was surrounded by "states under Latin rule." ** During the occupation of Smyrna after World War I, İzmir (known as Smyrna in Greek) and its region were Greek exclaves, not connected to mainland Greece by land. * Hungary: ** Between 1412 and 1772, Spiš Castle in Spišské Podhradie, has been an exclave of the Kingdom of Hungary, surrounded by the Eldership of Spisz. *

: ** Dadra and Nagar Haveli were enclaves inland from the Arabian Sea coast covering an area of 487 km². After invasion by pro-Indian Union forces in 1954, they achieved ''de facto'' independence from

. They and three Portuguese pene-exclaves, the city of Goa and the two small coastal exclaves of Daman and Diu, were the last remnants of Portuguese India, which existed from 1505 until 1961 Indian annexation of Goa, military conquest by India on 19 December 1961. (A 1956 map also shows a counter-enclave within Nagar Haveli belonging to Mumbai, Bombay, approximately corresponding to the village of Maghval – this village was not ceded to Portugal because of its inhabitants' caste's sacrosanctity). ** French India – Pondicherry and the other exclaves of Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon were absorbed into India ''de facto'' in 1954 and ''de jure'' in 1962 after the Algerian War. In 1761 the British captured all of them from the French (and also Chandannagar), but the Treaty of Paris (1763) returned them to France. Those possessions passed again to British control before finally being handed over to the French in 1816/1817 under the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon came to be administered as the Union Territory of Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry in 1963. All four are now sub-national ex(en)claves within India. *** Puducherry (city), Pondicherry was the site of a trading center set up by the Louis XIV's East India Company, French East India Company in 1674, which eventually became the chief French settlement in India, after passing several times between Dutch, British and French control. It comprised 12 non-contiguous parts: three pene-exclaves on the Bay of Bengal and nine nearby true enclaves. Inside the main Pondicherry exclave was a small counter-enclave belonging to India straddling the Sankaraparani River, Chunnambar River. *** Mahé, India, Mahé (or Mayyazhi), a small (9 km²) town, was a pene-exclave on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea from 1721. Mahé was composed of three non-contiguous parts, including Mahé town and two true enclaves: Cherukallayi and one consisting of Palloor, Chalakkara and Pandakkal. *** Yanaon (or Yanam), a 30 km² pene-exclave in the delta of Godavari River, nine kilometres from the Coromandel Coast and Bay of Bengal. It was a Dutch colony before France overtook it in 1723 and made it a French colony. *** Karaikal was a small coastal pene-exclave on the Bay of Bengal acquired by France in 1739 from the regime of Raja Pratap Singh of Tanjore. By 1760 it included 81 villages around Karaikal town. *** Chandannagar was a small true enclave established as a French colony in 1673, located on the right bank of the Hooghly River 30 kilometres north of Kolkata. Bengal was then a province of the Mughal Empire. The British returned the city to France in 1816, along with a 7.8 km² nearby enclave. In May 1950, with French approval, India assumed ''de facto'' control, with the ''de jure'' transfer in June 1952. In 1955 it was integrated into West Bengal state. *** Trincomalee was in present-day Sri Lanka (then a part of India) located on the Indian Ocean east coast of the island. By September 1782 it was occupied by the French after the Battle of Trincomalee with the British, only to be ceded back to the British in 1783. *

: ** Mount Scopus (in Jerusalem) was an Israeli exclave in Jordan between 1948 and 1967, before being reunited with West Jerusalem following the Six-Day War. Similarly, Ein Gev, located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, was a pene-exclave in Syria until Israel took over the Golan Heights territory, again during the Six-Day War. Italian_States_in_1789

: **In Italy in 1789 before the French Revolutionary Wars, the following states possessed or were true enclaves: *** Tarasp, Lordship of Tarasp was surrounded by the Three Leagues, Free States of the Three Leagues. *** An exclave of the Republic of Geneva (1541–1798) was surrounded by the Duchy of Savoy. *** Torriglia, Principality of Torriglia (1760–1797) was surrounded by the Republic of Genoa. *** Republic of Senarica (1343–1797) was surrounded by the Kingdom of Naples. *Latvia: **The former Rauna Municipality was composed of Drusti parish and Rauna parish, which are non-contiguous. In 2021 Rauna Municipality was merged into Smiltene Municipality. *

: ** Pogiriai (Pogiry) was a

n exclave of 1.7 km² that was ceded to Belarus in 1996. *Oman: ** Gwadar was an Omani pene-exclave on the Arabian Sea coast of present-day Pakistan from 1784 until 1958. * Pakistan: ** East Pakistan (1947–1971), was a pene-exclave of Pakistan (if one considers West Pakistan, site of the capital, Islamabad, as the mainland) that bordered the Bay of Bengal,

and Burma. East Pakistan, with a distance of 1,600 km separating it from West Pakistan, accounted for 70% of the country's exports and was more populous than West Pakistan. *Panama: ** Colón, Panama, Colón, an exclave of Panama from 1903 to July 27, 1939, was surrounded by the U.S. Panama Canal Zone, until a treaty provision connected it to the main part of Panama via a corridor. ** Panama City and the tip of Paitilla Point from 1903 to February 11, 1915, were pene-enclaves surrounded by the U.S. Panama Canal Zone and the Pacific Ocean. Maps of the Canal Zone dated before 1923 clearly show these borders. Maps dated 1924 and later show a changed border that re-connected Panama City with eastern Panama. ** When Madden Road was ceded to the U.S. by treaty on July 27, 1939, a Vennbahn-type Panamanian enclave was created that was bounded by Madden Road, the main Canal Zone boundary, and a contour line above Rio Chagres and Rio Chilibre. Another treaty that took effect on April 11, 1955, de-enclaved it. ** Panama had a water enclave in Limon Bay from 1979 to December 31, 1999. It also had jurisdiction over one building within the U.S. Summit Naval Station from October 1991 until the transfer of the station to Panama on December 31, 1999. *Papal States: ** Comtat Venaissin was an exclave of Papal States, Papal territory within

from 1348 to 1791. It contained an enclave of another Papal territory, the city of Avignon, and had a small exclave around the nearby town of Valréas. ** Pontecorvo and Benevento were exclaves of Papal territory in Southern Italy until 1860 when they were absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy Pommerania and surrounding territories 1618

Pommerania and surrounding territories 1618

: ** In the 1280s, the Duchy of Pomerania lost the town of Świdwin, together with the surrounding area, to the Margraviate of Brandenburg. It became a Salient (geography), salient of Neumark which, together with the Bishopric of Cammin, separated the southeastern portion of the state from the rest of its territories. Since 1317, it controlled the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp, which were separated from the rest of its territory by the Bishopric of Cammin. ** From between 1227 and 1233, to between 1248 and 1264, the area around the town of Świecie was an exclave of the Duchy of Gdańsk. **The Province of 13 Spisz Towns located within the Eldership of Spisz, the territory of United Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland from 1412 to 1569 and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772 consisted of Salient (geography), salient connected to the rest of the Kingdom of Poland and 5 Enclave and exclave, exclaves. ** Between 1772 and 1793, the city of Gdańsk, together with the surrounding area, were an exclave of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, surrounded by the territory of the Kingdom of Prussia. ** Westerplatte peninsula was a pene-exclave of

in Free City of Danzig from 1920 to 1939, ended its existence after the Battle of Westerplatte and Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, annexation to Nazi Germany, Germany together with the Polish coast. ** The Enclave of Police was an enclave within Provisional Government of National Unity, Poland from 5 October 1945 to 25 September 1946 centered around the town of Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Police. It was a military occupation of the Soviet Union, administered as part of the Randow District, Soviet occupation zone in Germany, though legally not part of its territory.Willi Neuhoff: ''Erich Spiegel – 1945 erster Nachkriegsbürgermeister in Stettin''. In: ''Stettiner Bürgerbrief''. no. 24, 1998, ISSN 1619-6201, pp. 60–63. (in German) *

: ** Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá#São João Baptista de Ajudá, Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá was a Portugal, Portuguese exclave (initially around 1 km² in the area and reduced to only 2 ha by 1961) within Dahomey/Benin from 1680 until 1961 (''de facto'' annexation by Dahomey) or 1975 (Portuguese recognition). * Slovakia: Part of the settlement Sidónia was once reached by road only from Czech Republic, Czechia. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the new state border was originally along the Vlárka River. Several houses in the central part of the village, inhabited by nine families, stand on the left bank, which fell to Slovakia. On 25 July 1997, the Czech-Slovak state border was modified and the small area on the left bank with a few houses in the centre of Sidónia became part of Czechia (exchanged for the settlement of U Sabotů). The state border has also been drawn since then along the centre of the road from the Vlárský Pass. *

: ** Ifni was a pene-exclave of

on the Atlantic coast of Morocco from 1859 to 1969. * South Africa: ** Bophuthatswana was a bantustan or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by apartheid South Africa from 1977 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It consisted of a scattered patchwork of individual enclaves, six that were true enclaves within South Africa and two that bordered Botswana and South Africa. * Yemen: ** Cheikh Saïd is a rocky peninsula in present-day Yemen between the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Although as late as 1970, the Petit Larousse described it as having been a "French colony from 1868 to 1936," France never claimed formal jurisdiction or sovereignty over it. * The southern section of the Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah was a national-level exclave surrounded by other emirates of the United Arab Emirates, UAE and Oman for three months after UAE independence in 1971 until it joined the UAE in 1972. * Between 1991 and 2003,

had three tiny pene-exclaves on tips of the lakeshore that bordered the

n side of Lake Vištytis. Before a new border treaty went into force on 12 August 2003, the border ran along most of the waterline of the beaches on the Lithuanian side, so anyone paddling in the water was technically crossing into Russia. * Schirgiswalde – In accordance with terms of the 1635 Peace Treaty of Prague,

transferred land (Ober- and Niederlausitz) to Saxony. However, because of religious affiliation with Austria, Schirgiswalde and five other towns (Güntersdorf, Gerlachsheim, Winkel, Taubentränke and Neuleutersdorf) within the transferred land remained with Austria, becoming Austrian enclaves within Saxony. 174 years later, to address problems as states began to consolidate, the 1809 Peace Treaty of Vienna mandated the transfer of these six enclaves from Austria to Saxony. However, the transfer did not occur until 1845 because of the need to correct mistakes in the names of the villages stated in the treaty and subsequent neglect. During that time, Schirgiswalde was ''de facto'' independent until economic reasons compelled the final transfer of the enclaves, thus extinguishing them. * Sikkim – Dopta and Chumbi were exclaves of Sikkim within Tibet until China occupied them in 1958. *

– The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 granted certain possessions of the Holy Roman Empire to the Swedish Empire (extant 1611–1721) to be held as Dominions of Sweden, fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire: :* Bremen-Verden – List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, states of the Holy Roman Empire bordering the North Sea; in "personal union with Sweden" until 1712, when they fell under Danish occupation in wartime. :* Swedish Pomerania – a state on the Baltic coast in present-day Germany and Poland; a small part was ceded to Prussia following war in 1720 and the entirety in 1815 during the Congress of Vienna. :* town of Wismar – town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea; transferred to Germany in 1903 when Sweden renounced its claim. Bantustans in South Africa

* Syria was a pene-exclave of the United Arab Republic from 1958 to 1961 (if one considers Egypt as the UAR main land), bordering the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan. * Transkei was a bantustan or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by apartheid South Africa from 1976 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It had two exclaves within South Africa that were true enclaves. * Taebong and Goryeo – The southwest coast of South Jeolla Province in Korea was an exclave of Taebong or Goryeo, between 903 and 936. * Turkey – :* The tomb of Tomb of Suleyman Shah, Suleyman Shah (''b''. ca. 1178–''d''. 1236) was located in or near Qal'at Ja'bar in modern-day Syria; in accordance with the 1921 Treaty of Ankara (1921), Treaty of Ankara, the tomb "shall remain, with its appurtenances, the property of Turkey, who may appoint guardians for it and may hoist the Turkish flag there." The treaty is silent regarding sovereignty of the 6.3 hectares of land where the tomb rests. The tomb was relocated in 1973 prior to the creation of Lake Assad. :* Ada Kaleh – Prior to the creation of modern Turkey, the Ottoman Empire ''de jure'' held a small island in the Danube River surrounded by the waters of Romania (which ''de facto'' controlled the island), from the Berlin Treaty of 1878 until 1923 when, under the Treaty of Lausanne, Romania obtained formal sovereignty over it. It was submerged in 1970 by the construction of a hydroelectric plant, displacing up to 1000 residents. *

– :* Following the establishment of the Irish Free State, three deep water Treaty Ports at Castletownbere, Berehaven, Queenstown (modern Cobh) and Lough Swilly were retained by the

in accordance with the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921. As part of the settlement of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in the 1930s, the ports were transferred to Republic of Ireland, Ireland (the Free State's successor) in 1938 following agreements reached between the British and Irish Governments. :* In 1625, Charles I of England, King Charles I instituted the List of extant baronetcies#Baronetage of Nova Scotia (1625–1706), Order of the Baronets of Nova Scotia in an effort to colonize New Scotland, by offering the hereditary title, land ownership and power over new baronetcies in exchange for financing and materially supporting new settlements. Under Scots Law, Baronets "seisin, took seisin" by receiving symbolic "earth and stone" on the actual land, which was the feudal legal form of taking possession. However, to avoid a trans-Atlantic trip (and thus encourage applicants), the royal charter stated that "the realm of Nova Scotia, and original infeftment thereof, is holden of the kingdom of Scotland, and forms part of the County of Edinburgh." By royal decree, land in the courtyard at Edinburgh Castle was declared to be an integral part of Nova Scotia; thus, seisin at the castle was equivalent to seisin on the lands themselves. The ceremony of seisin was performed in the following years for 64 of the original Baronets. This decree has never been annulled, which fuels a belief that this enclave still exists as a tiny enclave of Canada within the grounds of the famous Scottish castle. * United States – :* Horseshoe Reef (1850–1908) in Lake Erie consisted of underwater ledges of sunken rock near Buffalo, New York, Buffalo, New York. Great Britain ceded a fraction of an acre of underwater land that was entirely surrounded by Canada, Canadian waters to the United States to construct a lighthouse. A 1908 treaty mandated a new survey in order to shift the boundary to include the reef in U.S. waters. :* The Captain Cook Monument at Kealakekua Bay and about of land around it in Hawaii (island), Hawaii, United States of America, United States, the place where James Cook was killed in 1779, is owned by the

. An historian on the occasion of the 50th anniversary recorded in 1928 that the white stone "obelisk monument [was] erected to the memory of Captain Cook, about 1876, and on land deeded outright to the British Government by Princess Likelike, sister of King Kalakaua, about the same year, so that that square is absolute British Territory." Hawaii was a sovereign nation at the time. According to a recent writer, "The land under the monument was deeded to the United Kingdom in 1877 and is considered as sovereign non-embassy land owned by the British Embassy in Washington DC. ... the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaiian State Parks agency maintained that as sovereign British territory it was the responsibility of the UK to maintain the site." :* Lake of the Woods – the American border with present-day

as defined under the 1783 Treaty of Paris (1783), Treaty of Paris and the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 inadvertently created two small maritime exclaves of the U.S. in Angle Inlet. The border depended on determining the northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods. Johann Tiarks' survey in 1825 placed its location at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet. (A 1940 academic study documented the location of Tiarks' point, which is in the immediate vicinity of (NAD83).) In accordance with the 1818 treaty, the border ran south from this point to the 49th parallel north, 49th parallel. However, this line was "intersected at five points by the winding course of the boundary in the channel of the Northwest Angle Inlet; thus there were anomalously left two small areas of waters totaling two and a half acres belonging to the United States, yet entirely surrounded by Canadian waters." They were centered at and . By treaty in 1925, the southernmost of these five intersecting points, 4785 ft. farther south than Tiarks' point, was adopted instead, which eliminated these exclaves. :* Panama Canal Zone, surrounded by Panama, the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, was an American pene-exclave from 1903 to 1 October 1979, when the entity was extinguished by treaty with Panama. After that date, the former Canal Zone land remaining under U.S. sovereignty, greatly reduced in area, was a pene-exclave until 31 December 1999, when total transfer to Panama was complete. :* At ''El Cerro de Doscientos Pies'' ("200-Foot Hill"), 3.19 hectares of land in Panama near Las Minas Bay were annexed by the U.S. on 24 September 1928 and added to the Canal Zone. This true enclave apparently existed until 1 October 1979. :* On 1 October 1979, the day the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 took effect, most of the land within the former Canal Zone transferred to Panama. However, the treaty set aside many Canal Zone areas and facilities for transfer during the following 20 years. The treaty specifically categorized areas and facilities by name as "Military Areas of Coordination", "Defense Sites" and "Areas Subject to Separate Bilateral Agreement". These were to be transferred by the U.S. to Panama during certain time windows or simply by the end of the 243-month treaty period. On 1 October 1979, among the many such parcels so designated in the treaty, 35 emerged as true enclaves (surrounded entirely by land solely under Panamanian jurisdiction). In later years as other areas were turned over to Panama, nine more true enclaves emerged. Of these Panama Canal Zone#Implementation of Panama Canal Treaty, 44 true enclaves, 14 were related to military logistics, 7 were military communications sites, 5 Federal Aviation Administration facilities, 5 military housing enclaves, 3 military base areas, 2 military research facilities, 2 parts of a bombing range, 4 secondary school parcels, 1 elementary school, and 1 hospital. At least 13 other parcels each were enclosed partly by land under the absolute jurisdiction of Panama and partly by an "Area of Civil Coordination" (housing), which under the treaty was subject to elements of both U.S. and Panamanian public law. In addition, the 1977 treaty designated numerous areas and individual facilities as "Canal Operating Areas" for joint U.S.-Panama ongoing operations by a commission. On the effective date of the treaty, many of these Canal Operating Areas, including Madden Dam, became newly surrounded by the territory of Panama. Just after noon local time on 31 December 1999, all former Canal Zone parcels of all types had come under the exclusive jurisdiction of Panama. * The Val d'Aran is a valley in the Pyrenees mountains and a comarca in northwestern

, northern

. Most of it comprises the only part of Catalonia that is on the northern side of the Pyrenees. The Val d'Aran had been without direct access to the south side of the mountains, until the Vielha tunnel was opened in 1948. * Venda was a bantustan or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by apartheid South Africa from 1979 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It was an enclave that was not an exclave, bordering only South Africa and separated narrowly from Zimbabwe by the Madimbo corridor to the north. Venda itself also had a small exclave that was a true enclave in South Africa. * Walvis Bay was a South African pene-exclave bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Namibia, before being incorporated with Namibia in 1994, four years after that country's independence. * Zadar (Province of Zara, Zara) was a 104 km² pene-exclave of

, bordering the Adriatic Sea and

, from 1920 to 1944 (''de facto'' due to abandonment by the Italian civilian administration) or 1947 (''de jure'' under treaty). * Various other historical Concession (territory), foreign concessions * Innumerable medieval enclaves within Europe

Subnational historic enclaves and exclaves

* Austria-Hungary – The former Kingdom of Dalmatia was an exclave of Cisleithania. * Azerbaijan – The former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was an enclave in Azerbaijan. * In

, East York became an exclave of York, Toronto, York in 1922, when the township of North York was established, causing East York to be sandwiched between North York, Leaside, and Old Toronto. East York became its own township in 1924, ending its status as an exclave. All of these municipalities are part of Toronto since the Amalgamation of Toronto, 1998 amalgamation. * In Central Finland, the former municipality of Säynätsalo was an exclave of the city of Jyväskylä from 1993 to 2009. *

– :* The Palatine was an exclave of Bavaria until the end of the Weimar republic :* The former municipality of Hinterhermsdorf in Saxony was an exclave of the town of Sebnitz, being separated from it by the municipality of Kirnitzschtal, until Kirnitzschtal also became a part of Sebnitz. :* The former Prussian province Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern was an enclave in present-day Baden-Württemberg, being surrounded by the Grand Duchy of Baden, Grand Duchy, later Republic of Baden, Republic of Baden and the Kingdom of Württemberg, Kingdom, later Free People's State of Württemberg, Free People's State of Württemberg. :* Königsberg, Bavaria, Königsberg, located in the Lower Franconia region of present-day

, was an enclave within that state, along with two small nearby enclaves, belonging to the Ernestine duchies, Ernestine Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (which after 1825 also had five exclaves in Thuringia). In 1918 the post-monarchy duchy was split into two states, making Königsberg an exclave of the Free State of Saxe-Coburg. In 1920, the residents of that state voted to merge with the Free State of Bavaria, thus eliminating the three Bavarian enclaves. :* Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Schmalkalden/Suhl – Just after World War I, this Prussian enclave within Thuringia was divided between the two Prussian provinces of Saxony and Hesse-Nassau (thus it was a composite enclave). The two entities of Schmalkalden and Suhl separately were exclaves of their respective Prussian provinces. :* The Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont was enclaved entirely by Prussia. :* Saxe-Altenburg was separated into two areas, the Ostkreis and Westkreis. :* Innumerable medieval enclaves * In

, until 1952, France maintained Chandannagar, which reported to the Governor of Puducherry (union territory), Pondichéry, and was an enclave in Bengal, just upriver from Calcutta. * In

: ** Special Capital Region of Jakarta was a coastal enclave surrounded by

and Java Sea until 2000, when the neighbouring Banten became a new province. ** Bandung city in

was an enclave surrounded by Bandung Regency until 1976, when the adjacent Cimahi became an administrative city. ** Bandar Lampung city in Lampung province was a coastal enclave surrounded by South Lampung Regency until 2007, when Pesawaran became a new regency. * In

: **Until 1842, Durrow, County Laois, Durrow was an exclave of County Kilkenny surrounded by Queen's County, Ireland, Queen's County. **Until 1836, Ballymore Eustace and two other smaller pockets of land were exclaves of County Dublin, surrounded by County Kildare. **Formerly, a tiny portion of County Kerry, known as the "East Fractions," (including the village of Ballydaly) was surrounded by County Cork; the East Fractions were transferred to County Cork in 1843. * In Korea: :* Siheung County, South Korea, had an exclave (nowadays Gwacheon, Gunpo, and Uiwang) since Anyang, Gyeonggi, Anyang was separated from Siheung in 1973. In 1989, the old county of Siheung was divided into the cities of Gunpo, Uiwang, and Siheung, thereby dissolving the enclave. :* Seoul was an enclave of Gyeonggi Province until neighbouring Incheon was declared a special city in 1981. * In

: :* From 1345 to 1351, the Duchy of Wizna, a fiefdom within the History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, United Kingdom of Poland, was a duchy with a personal union with the Duchy of Płock, forming the Crown land, royal domain of duke Bolesław III of Płock. Both duchies were separated from each other by the Duchy of Warsaw (Middle Ages), Duchy of Warsaw. :* Between 1412 and 1778, the Spiskie Podgrodzie District, the district within the Province of 13 Szepes Towns, Eldership of Spisz, Poland, consisted of two enclaves, of areas of Spišské Podhradie and Spišské Vlachy. The two enclaves were separated from each other, and the rest of Polish territory, by the Kingdom of Hungary. :* From 1434 to 1772, the Chełm Land was an exclave of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, within the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland. :* From 1585 to 1620, the District of Pilten, an autonomous region within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, was an area composed of three exclaves separated from each other by the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The southeastern enclave bordered the Duchy of Samogitia, other region in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the two other exclaves, had access to the Baltic Sea. Until 1620, it was an exclave of the Duchy of Livonia, and from 1598 to 1620, it was part of smaller subdivision of Wenden Voivodeship. From 1621 to 1772, it was an exclave within the Inflanty Voivodeship. :* In the 18th century, the town of Bielino, Warsaw, Bielino was composed of two rectangular strips of land, both located about 1 km (0.62 miles) apart from each other, and with other towns located between them. The northern area was established in 1757, and the southern, in 1766. The town formally existed until it was incorporated into the city of

in 1794. :* From 14 August 1919 to 28 September 1939, the city of

was an independent city with voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship status, surrounded by the Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939), Warsaw Voivodeship. :* From 1944 to 1975, History of Poland (1945–1989), Poland at various times had from one to five independent city, independent cities with voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship status.

was surrounded by Warsaw Voivodeship (1944–1975), Warsaw Voivodeship from 22 June 1944 to 31 May 1975, and Łódź was surrounded by Łódź Voivodeship (1945–1975), Łódź Voivodeship from 18 August 1945 to 31 May 1975. From 1 January 1957 to 31 May 1975, another three cities held voivodeship status. They were Kraków surrounded by Kraków Voivodeship (1945–1975), Kraków Voivodeship, Poznań surrounded by Poznań Voivodeship, and Wrocław surrounded by Wrocław Voivodeship (1946–1975), Wrocław Voivodeship. Additionally, Poznań was surrounded by Poznań County. :* From 1 June 1975 to 31 December 1998, the village of Zabieżki was an exclave of Warsaw Voivodeship (1975–1998), Warsaw Voivodeship surrounded by the Siedlce Voivodeship. :* From 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012, the town of Tychowo, located in the

of Gmina Tychowo, Tychowo in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, consisted of 10 exclaves separated, sometimes by the width of a street, and surrounded by the rural area of the municipality. Additionally, there was one small exclave of the rural area surrounded by the city. The boundaries were changed on 1 January 2013 to extinguish the exclaves. * In

until 2013, two civil parishes comprised the city of Estremoz. The parish of Santa Maria (the new town and its rural environs) surrounded an enclave, the walled old town of the parish of Santo Andre. The citadel inside Santo Andre was also a counter-enclave that belonged to Santa Maria. The two parishes were united to form a new parish called Union of the Parishes of Estremoz (Santa Maria and Santo André), thus ending the only counter-enclave in Portugal. * In

: ** Sheremetyevo is the location of the primary airport for

. From 1995 to 2011 it was officially an enclave of the city of Moscow, but there was ambiguity regarding its association with Moscow Oblast. In 2011, the enclave was returned to Moscow Oblast, thus extinguishing it. ** Vnukovo District, Vnukovo consisted of two enclaves of the city of Moscow to its southwest. On 1 July 2012, "New Moscow" was created by annexing additional land to the city, including the land that surrounded Vnukovo. The two are now exclaves of a Moscow city subdivision, and one is also an enclave. ** Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug, Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was an enclave (not exclave) within Irkutsk Oblast and was merged into it on 1 January 2008. ** Agin-Buryat Okrug, Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was an enclave (not exclave) within Zabaykalsky Krai and was merged into it on 3 January 2008. * In South Africa, the Eastern Cape Province had an exclave that was surrounded by KwaZulu-Natal Province, containing the town of Umzimkulu. KwaZulu-Natal had an exclave, Mount Currie (South Africa), Mount Currie, that was surrounded by the Eastern Cape. Both were extinguished in 2006. * Switzerland – ** The village of Samnaun could initially only be reached by road from

. Thus, in 1892 the village was excluded from the Swiss customs territory. The exemption was maintained even when a road was built to the Engadin valley in 1907–1912. ** Before 1597, the two present-day cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden were one canton, Appenzell, which was an enclave completely surrounded by the Canton of St. Gallen. ** The secession of the new canton of Jura in 1979 left Canton of Bern, Bern temporarily with an exclave, Laufental, bounded by Jura, Canton of Solothurn, Solothurn, Basel-Landschaft, and

. Laufental joined Basel-Landschaft in 1994. ** The village of Clavaleyres was an exclave of Canton of Bern, Bern surrounded by canton of Fribourg, Fribourg and Vaud until it merged with Murten in the Canton of Canton of Fribourg, Fribourg on 1 January 2022. * Turkey – :* Yalova was an exclave of Istanbul until it gained provincial status in 1995. :* The Istanbul boroughs of Maslak, Ayazağa, and Huzur (part of Ayazağa until 1989) together formed an exclave of Şişli district after the split of Kağıthane from Şişli resulting from a law passed by TBMM on 19 June 1987. They were surrounded by Sarıyer to the north and east, Beşiktaş to the southeast, Kağıthane to the southwest, and Eyüp to the west. Finally, they were given to the district of Sarıyer after passing a law on 12 November 2012. Note that Maslak and Ayazağa were part of Sarıyer between 1930 and 1954 before passing to Şişli due to the split of Şişli from Beyoğlu in 1954. *

– :* Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch formed an exclave at county level, as a part of the Scottish county of Dunbartonshire sandwiched between Stirlingshire and Lanarkshire. The exclave was dissolved after the municipal reforms of 1975. :* Ardnamurchan, Morvern and the surrounding area also formed an exclave at county level, as a part of the Scottish county of Argyllshire bordered by Inverness-shire, separated from the rest of Argyllshire by Loch Linnhe. The exclave was dissolved in 1975 following the municipal reforms of that year. :* Dudley in the West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England, was an exclave at municipal level, being in a part of the county of Worcestershire surrounded by

. Upon the local government reforms of 1974, the exclave was dissolved. :* Furness in England was an exclave of the county of Lancashire, known as "Lancashire-beyond-the-Sands" until 1974, when it became part of Cumbria. :* Tetworth, historically part of Huntingdonshire, included an exclave at county level, as part of Huntingdonshire separated from the rest of the county by

. The exclave was dissolved in 1974, when the whole of Huntingdonshire became part of Cambridgeshire. :* The district of Wrexham Maelor existed from 1974 to 1996, being formed from parts of two administrative counties, including Flintshire (historic), Flintshire. From Flintshire came the exclave of Maelor Rural District (bounded on three sides by England and on the west by the Welsh county of Denbighshire (historic), Denbighshire) and the enclave of the parish of Marford#History, Marford and Hoseley, surrounded and separated from Flintshire also by Denbighshire. They are now part of Wrexham (county borough), Wrexham. :* Domesday Book, Domesday Hundreds of Cheshire map in 1086 displays an enclave of Hamestan surrounded entirely by Middlewich. :* The Shires of Scotland#Counties until 1890, counties of Scotland before reorganisation in 1889 included dozens of exclaves. This was especially notable in the case of Cromartyshire, which was split into at least nine parts spread across Ross-shire. :* Wales once had a third-order sub-national semi-exclave of its county of Caernarfonshire. This county had a semi-exclave consisting of the parishes of Llysfaen and Eirias and including the town of Old Colwyn, which was transferred to the surrounding county of Denbighshire in 1923. In turn it surrounded a counter-semi-exclave of Denbighshire including the east part of Old Colwyn, which had very complex borders. This counter-semi-exclave in turn contained a counter-counter-semi-exclave of Caernarvonshire, that of "Coed-coch Cottage" covering 1.6 acres (0.65 ha). The counter-semi-exclave was annexed to the semi-exclave in 1879. :* Before 1974, and especially before 1844, there were many List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844–1974, exclaves of counties in England and Wales. * United States – :* Maine was a pene-exclave of Massachusetts between 1652 and 1820. :* The Western Reserve in present-day Ohio was a pene-exclave of Connecticut from 13 September 1786 to 1800, when it reverted to the Northwest Territory. :* The following from pre-merger

, Kentucky, no longer exist as enclaves: Audubon Park, Kentucky, Audubon Park, Meadowview Estates, Kentucky, Meadowview Estates, Parkway Village, Kentucky, Parkway Village, Seneca Gardens, Kentucky, Seneca Gardens, Wellington, Kentucky, Wellington, and the combination of Kingsley, Kentucky, Kingsley, Strathmoor Manor, Kentucky, Strathmoor Manor, and Strathmoor Village, Kentucky, Strathmoor Village. :* District of Columbia – Reagan National Airport, Washington National Airport was built on reclaimed land on the south side of the Potomac River, where the river's high-water line marked the District's boundary with

. Therefore, until 1945, the site was a pene-exclave of the District. Since then, the airport has been officially deemed a part of Arlington County, Virginia, but it is under exclusive federal jurisdiction and is administered as if still part of the District. :* Boston Corner, New York, Boston Corner was a pene-exclave of the town of Mount Washington, Massachusetts, and ceded to New York on January 11, 1855, because its geographical isolation from the rest of Massachusetts (as part of the Taconic range) made maintaining law and order difficult. :* Princeton Township, New Jersey, Princeton Township surrounded the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey, Borough of Princeton, home of Princeton University, until the two municipalities merged in 2013 to form Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton, New Jersey. :* Town Line, New York voted 85 to 40 to secede from the United States in 1861, with no legal effect and no well-defined borders, to become an exclave of the Confederate States of America, unrecognized by either side (there are no written records); ceremonially voted to "rejoin" the Union in 1946. * In

, in Côtes-d'Armor département, the former Commune in France, commune of Plessix-Balisson is surrounded by the former commune of Ploubalay. In 2017, both communes were merged into the new Beaussais-sur-Mer commune.

Temporary enclaves or exclaves

Sometimes land is ceded temporarily to another country as a form of legal fiction. * Suite 212 at Claridges Hotel in London was ceded by the

to Yugoslavia on 17 June 1945 to allow Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, Crown Prince Alexander, whose parents were in exile, to be born on Yugoslav soil, though the story may be apocryphal, as there exists no documentary record of this. * To establish jurisdiction, Camp Zeist, a former United States Air Force base in the Netherlands, was, in 2000, temporarily declared sovereign territory of the

, in order to allow the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial to take place. * In 1943, the maternity ward at the The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Civic Hospital in Canada was Extraterritoriality of Princess Margriet's birth, temporarily extraterritorial so that Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, Princess Juliana's daughter Princess Margriet of the Netherlands, Princess Margriet would only have Dutch (by parents' nationality) and not dual nationality, because of her potential birth on Canadian soil. Dual nationality would have excluded her from the royal succession. * In 1979, at Sender Zehlendorf, East Germany, an area of 300 metres in radius around a radio tower construction site was made an exclave of the Soviet Union. After a Soviet fighter plane had earlier collided with a radio transmission mast at the facility, causing it to collapse, the Soviet Union agreed to rebuild the mast. So that the stricter German safety regulations would not slow the construction progress, the area was declared a Soviet exclave for the duration of the work.

Potential exclaves pending international resolution

* Crimea – after the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, 2014 invasion of the peninsula and a 2014 Crimean status referendum, controversial referendum on the territory's ascension to the Russian Federation as the federal subjects of the Republic of Crimea (Russia), Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, Crimea became a ''de facto'' pene-exclave of the country separated by both Ukraine and the Kerch Strait. Most countries still Crimean problem, internationally recognise the peninsula as fully part of Ukraine. * Palanca, Ştefan Vodă, Palanca Marshes – potential ''Vennbahn''-type enclave of Moldova surrounded by Ukraine: Under a 2001 treaty between the two nations, Moldova is to transfer to Ukraine not only the asphalt (as it has already done), but also the real property under 7.7 kilometres of road (a portion of the 300 km road between Odesa and Reni), and to clarify the sovereignty of that land, which under that treaty is to be transferred to Ukraine.

Notes

References

* ** University of Melbourne ePrints repository has a
abstract
and
complete reprint
(PDF: 13.59 MB). ** Chapter 1 (pages 1–24) is a general survey of international enclaves, with a table ''Enclaves of the world since 1996'' on page 5. * {{cite book , last=Nies , first=Susanne , title=Sand in the works. Enclaves challenging metropolitan states. A Comparative Study on the Governance of Cabinda, Ceuta, Kaliningrad, Nagorno Karabakh, Nakhchivan, Melilla and Gibraltar , publisher=Paris Institut d'Etudes Politiques , pages=1–219 , location=Paris , year=2004
Jan S. Krogh's Geosite

Smith, Barry (1997) "The Cognitive Geometry of War"
in P. Koller and K. Puhl (eds.), ''Current Issues in Political Philosophy: Justice in Society and World Order'', Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 394–403.
Evgeny Vinokurov, ''A Theory of Enclaves'', Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2007

Enclaves and exclaves, * Border-related lists, Enclaves and exclaves

Enclaves that are also exclaves

National level

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

Enclaves that are not exclaves

National level

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

Exclaves that are not enclaves

National level

First-order subnational level

Other subnational

Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves

Semi-enclaves that are not semi-exclaves

National level

Subnational level

Semi-enclaves that are also semi-exclaves

National level

Other subnational

Semi-exclaves that are not semi-enclaves

National level

Pene-enclaves/exclaves (including inaccessible districts)

National level

Divided islands

Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)

Divided islands

Historic enclaves/exclaves

National level

Subnational historic enclaves and exclaves

Temporary enclaves or exclaves

Potential exclaves pending international resolution

See also

Notes

References