Taxonomy of the vertebrates (Young, 1962)

The taxonomy of the vertebrates presented by John Zachary Young in ''The Life of Vertebrates'' (1962)Young, J. Z. (1962). ''The Life of Vertebrates''. 2nd. ed. New York, Oxford University Press. Disponible at
BHL
is a system of classification with emphasis on this group of animals.

Phylum Chordata

*Phylum Chordata . 24**Subphylum 1. Hemichordata (e.g., '' Balanoglossus, Cephalodiscus, Rhabdopleura'')
**Subphylum 2. Cephalochordata (= Acrania) (e.g., ''Branchiostoma'')
**Subphylum 3. Tunicata (e.g., ''Ciona'')
**Subphylum 4. Vertebrata (= Craniata)
***Superclass 1. Agnatha
****Class 1. Cyclostomata
****Class 2. † Cephalaspidomorphi (e.g., †'' Cephalaspis'')
****Class 3. †Pteraspidomorphi (e.g., †''Pteraspis'')
****Class 4. †Anaspida (e.g., †''Birkenia'', †''Jamoytius'')
***Superclass 2. Gnathostomata
****Class 1. † Placodermi (e.g., †'' Acanthodes'')
****Class 2. Elasmobranchii
****Class 3. Actinopterygii
****Class 4. Crossopterygii
****Class 5. Amphibia
****Class 6. Reptilia
****Class 7. Aves
****Class 8. Mammalia

Subphylum Vertebrata (= Craniata)

Superclass Agnatha

*Subphylum Vertebrata (= Craniata)
**Superclass 1. Agnatha . 81***Class 1. Cyclostomata
****Order 1. Petromyzontia (e.g., '' Petromyzon, Lampetra, Entosphenus, Geotria, Mordacia'')
****Order 2. Myxinoidea (e.g., '' Myxine, Bdellostoma'')
***Class 2. † Osteostraci (e.g., †'' Cephalaspis'', †''Tremataspis'')
***Class 3. †Anaspida (e.g., †''Birkenia'', †''Jamoytius'')
***Class 4. †Heterostraci (e.g., †''Astraspis'', †''Pteraspis'', †''Drepanaspis'')
***Class 5. †Coelolepida (e.g., †''Thelodus'', †''Lanarkia'')

Superclass Gnathostomata

=Class Elasmobranchii

=

*Superclass 2. Gnathostomata
**Class Elasmobranchii (= Chondrichthyes) . 175***Subclass 1. Selachii
****Order 1. † Cladoselachii (e.g., †'' Cladoselache'', †'' Goodrichia'')
****Order 2. † Pleuracanthodii (e.g., †'' Pleuracanthus'')
****Order 3. Protoselachii (e.g., †'' Hybodiis, Heterodontus'')
****Order 4. Euselachii
*****Suborder 1. Pleurotremata
******Division 1. Notidanoidea (e.g., '' Hexanchus, Chlamydoselache'')
******Division 2. Galeoidea (e.g., '' Scyliorhinus, Mustelus, Cetorhinus, Carcharodon'')
******Division 3. Squaloidea (e.g., '' Squalus, Squatina, Pristiophorus, Alopias'')
*****Suborder 2. Hypotremata (e.g., '' Raja, Rhinobatis, Pristis, Torpedo, Trygon'')
***Subclass 2. Bradyodonti
****Order 1. † Eubradyodonti (e.g., †''Helodus'')
****Order 2. Holocephali (e.g., ''Chimaera'')

=Class Actinopterygii

=

*Class Actinopterygii . 228**Superorder 1. Chondrostei
***Order 1. Palaeoniscoidei (e.g., †'' Cheirolepis'', †''Palaeoniscus'', †'' Amphicentrum'', †''Platysomus'', †'' Dorypterus'', †''Cleithrolepis'', †''Tarrasius'', '' Polypterus'' ichir
***Order 2. Acipenseroidei (e.g., †'' Chondrosteus'', '' Acipenser'' turgeon '' Polyodon'' addle-fish
***Order 3. Subholostei (e.g., †''Ptycholepis'')
**Superorder 2. Holostei (e.g., †''Acentrophorus'', †'' Lepidotes'', †'' Dapedius'', †'' Microdon'', ''Amia'' owfin '' Lepisosteus'' ar-pike
**Superorder 3. Teleostei
***Order 1. Isospondyli (e.g., †''Leptolepis'', †'' Portheus'', '' Clupea'' erring '' Salmo'' rout
***Order 2. Ostariophysi (e.g., '' Cyprinus'' arp '' Tinea'' ench '' Silurus'' atfish
***Order 3. Apodes (e.g., '' Anguilla'' el '' Conger'' onger eel
***Order 4. Mesichthyes (e.g., ''Esox'' ike '' Belone'', '' Exocoetus'' lying fish '' Gasterosteus'' tickle-back '' Syngnathus'' ipe-fish '' Hippocampus'' eahorse
***Order 5. Acanthopterygii (e.g., †''Hoplopteryx'', ''Zens'' ohn Dory '' Perca'' erch ''Labrus'' rasse '' Uranoscopus'' tar gazer ''Blennius'' lenny '' Gadus'' hiting ''Pleuronectes'' laice ''Solea'' ole ''Lophius'' ngler-fish

=Class Crossopterygii

=

*Class Crossopterygii . 268**Order 1. Rhipidistia
***Suborder 1. † Osteolepidoti (e.g., †''Osteolepis'', †''Sauripterus'', †'' Diplopterax'', †''Eusthenopteron'')
***Suborder 2. Coelacanthini (= Actinistia) (e.g., †'' Coelacanthus'', †''Undina'', '' Latimeria'')
**Order 2. Dipnoi (e.g., †''Dipterus'', †''Ceratodus'', ''Neoceratodus'', '' Protopterus'', ''Lepidosiren'')

=Class Amphibia

=

*Class Amphibia . 296** Subclass 1. †Stegocephalia
***Order 1. †Labyrinthodontia
****Suborder 1. † Ichthyostegalia (e.g., †''Ichthyostega'', †'' Elpistostege'')
****Suborder 2. † Embolomeri (e.g., †''Eogyrinus'', †''Loxomma'')
****Suborder 3. †Rhachitomi (e.g., †'' Eryops'', †'' Cacops'')
****Suborder 4. † Stereospondyli (e.g., †''Capitosaurus'', †'' Buettneria'')
***Order 2. †Phyllospondyli (e.g., †''Branchiosaurus'')
***Order 3. † Lepospondyli (e.g., †'' Dolichosoma'', †''Diplocaulus'', †''Microbrachis'')
***Order 4. †Adelospondyli (e.g., †''Lysorophus'')
** Subclass 2. Urodela (= Caudata) (e.g., '' Molge'', ''Salamandra'', '' Ambystoma'', '' Necturus'')
** Subclass 3. Anura (= Salientia) (e.g., †'' Miobatrachus'', †'' Protobatrachiis'', ''Rana'', '' Bufo'', ''Hyla'', ''Pipa'')
** Subclass 4. Apoda (= Gymnophiona = Caecilia) (e.g., ''Ichthyophis, Typhlonectes'')

= Class Reptilia

=

*Class Reptilia . 369**Subclass 1. Anapsida
***Order 1. † Cotylosauria (e.g., †'' Seymouria'', †'' Captorhinus'', †'' Diadectes'')
***Order 2. Chelonia (e.g., †'' Eunotosaurus'', †'' Triassochelys'', ''Chelys'', '' Emys'', '' Chelone'', '' Testudo'')
**Subclass 2. † Synaptosauria
***Order 1. † Protorosauria (e.g., †''Araeoscelis'', †'' Tanystropheus'')
***Order 2. † Sauropterygia (e.g., †'' Lariosaurus'', †''Pliosaurus'', †'' Plesiosaurus'', †'' Placodus'')
**Subclass 3. † Ichthyopterygia
***Order 1. † Ichthyosauria (e.g., †'' Mixosaurus'', †'' Ichthyosaurus'')
**Subclass 4. Lepidosauria
***Order 1. † Eosuchia (e.g., †'' Youngina'', †'' Prolacerta'')
***Order 2. Rhynchocephalia (e.g., †'' Homoesaurus'', †'' Rhynchosaurus'', ''Sphenodon'' ''Hatteria''">Hatteria.html" ;"title=" ''Hatteria"> ''Hatteria''
***Order 3. Squamata
****Suborder 1. Lacertilia (= Sauria)
*****Infraorder 1. Gekkota (e.g., ''Gecko'')
*****Infraorder 2. Iguania (e.g., ''Iguana'', ''Anolis'', ''Phrynosoma'', ''Draco (genus), Draco'', ''Lyriocephalus'', '' Agama'', '' Chamaeleo'')
*****Infraorder 3. Scincomorpha (e.g., '' Lacerta, Scincus, Amphisbaena'')
*****Infraorder 4. Anguimorpha (e.g., †'' Dolichosaurus'', †''Aigialosaurus'', †'' Tylosaurus'', '' Varanus'', '' Lanthanotus'', ''Anguis'')
****Suborder 2. Ophidia (= Serpentes) (e.g., †'' Palaeophis'', '' Python'', ''Natrix'', '' Naja'', ''Vipera'')
**Subclass 5. Archosauria
***Order 1. † Pseudosuchia (= † Thecodontia) (e.g., †'' Euparkeria'', †'' Saltoposuchus'')
***Order 2. † Phytosauria (e.g., †'' Phytosaurus'', †''Mystriosuchus'')
***Order 3. Crocodilia (e.g., †''Protosuchus'', ''Crocodilus'', '' Alligator'', '' Caiman'', ''Gavialis'')
***Order 4. † Saurischia
****Suborder 1. †Theropoda (e.g., †'' Compsognathus'', †''Ornitholestes'', †'' Allosaurus'', †'' Tyrannosaurus'', †'' Struthiomimus'')
****Suborder 2. † Sauropoda (e.g., †'' Apatosaurus'' †''Brontosaurus''">Brontosaurus.html" ;"title=" †''Brontosaurus"> †''Brontosaurus'' †''Diplodocus'', †''Yaleosaurus'', †''Plateosaurus'', ''Brachiosaurus'')
***Order 5. †Ornithischia
****Suborder 1. †Ornithopoda (e.g., †''Camptosaurus'', †''Iguanodon'', †'' Hadrosaurus'')
****Suborder 2. †Stegosauria (e.g., †'' Stegosaurus'')
****Suborder 3. † Ankylosauria (e.g., †'' Ankylosaurus'', †''Nodosaurus'')
****Suborder 4. †Ceratopsia (e.g., †'' Triceratops'')
***Order 6. † Pterosauria (e.g., †'' Rhamphorhynchus'', †''Pteranodon'')
**Subclass 6. † Synapsida p. 370, 533***Order 1. †Pelycosauria (= † Theromorpha) (e.g., †''Varanosaurus'', †'' Edaphosaurus'', †''Dimetrodon'')
***Order 2. † Therapsida
****Suborder 1. †Dicynodontia (e.g., †''Galepus'', †'' Moschops'', †'' Dicynodon'', †'' Kannemeyeria'')
****Suborder 2. † Theriodontia (e.g., †'' Cynognathus'', †'' Scymnognathus'', †''Bauria'', †'' Dromatherium'', †''Tritylodon'', †'' Oligokyphus'')
***Order 3. † Mesosauria (= † Proganosauria) (e.g., †'' Mesosaurus'')

=Class Aves

=

*Class Aves . 509**Subclass 1. †Archaeornithes (e.g., †''Archaeopteryx'')
**Subclass 2. Neornithes
***Superorder 1. †Odontognathae (e.g., †'' Hesperornis'', †'' Ichthyornis'')
***Superorder 2. Palaeognathae atites(e.g., ''Struthio, Rhea, Dromiceius, Casuarius,'' †'' Dinornis'', †'' Aepyornis'', '' Apteryx'', ''Tinamus'')
***Superorder 3. Impennae enguins(e.g., '' Spheniscus, Aptenodytes'')
***Superorder 4. Neognathae
****Order 1. Gaviiformes oons(e.g., '' Gavia'' oon
****Order 2. Colymbiformes rebes(e.g., '' Colymbus'' ''Podiceps''">Podiceps.html" ;"title=" ''Podiceps"> ''Podiceps''[grebe">Podiceps">_''Podiceps<_a>''.html" ;"title="Podiceps.html" ;"title=" ''Podiceps"> ''Podiceps''">Podiceps.html" ;"title=" ''Podiceps"> ''Podiceps''[grebe
****Order 3. Procellariiformes [petrels] (e.g., ''Fulmarus'' [petrel], ''Puffinus'' [shearwater], ''Diomedea'' [albatross])
****Order 4. Pelecaniformes (e.g., ''Phalacrocorax'' [cormorant], ''Pelecanus'' elican '' Sida'' annet
****Order 5. Ciconiiformes (e.g., ''Ciconia'' tork '' Ardea'' eron '' Phoenicopterus'' lamingo
****Order 6. Anseriformes ucks(e.g., '' Anas'' uck '' Cygnus'' wan
****Order 7. Falconiformes awks(e.g., '' Falco'' estrel ''Aquila'' agle '' Buteo'' uzzard ''Neophron'' ulture '' Milvus'' ite
****Order 8. Galliformes ame birds(e.g., '' Gallus'' owl '' Phasianus'' heasant '' Perdix'' artridge '' Lagopus'' rouse '' Meleagris'' urkey '' Numida'' uinea fowl '' Pavo'' eacock ''Opisthocomus'' oatzin
****Order 9. Gruiformes ails(e.g., '' Fulica'' oot '' Gallinula'' oorhen ''Crex'' orn-crake '' Grus'' rane †'' Phororhacos'', †'' Diatryma'')
****Order 10. Charadriiformes aders and gulls(e.g., '' Numenius'' urlew '' Capella'' nipe '' Calidris'' andpiper '' Vanellus'' apwing '' Scolopax'' oodcock ''Larus'' ull ''Uria'' uillemot '' Plautus'' ittle auk
****Order 11. Columbiformes igeons(e.g., ''Columba'' igeon †'' Raphus'' odo
****Order 12. Cuculiformes uckoos(e.g., ''Cuculus'' uckoo
****Order 13. Psittaciformes arrots****Order 14. Strigiformes wls(e.g., '' Athene'' ittle owl '' Tyto'' arm owl ''Strix'' awny owl
****Order 15. Caprimulgiformes ightjars(e.g., ''Caprimulgus'' ightjar
****Order 16. Micropodiformes (e.g., ''Apus'' wift ''Trochilus'' umming-bird
****Order 17. Coraciiformes (e.g., '' Merops'' ee-eater '' Alcedo'' ingfisher
****Order 18. Piciformes oodpeckers(e.g., '' Picus'' oodpecker
****Order 19. Passeriformes erching birds(e.g., '' Corvus'' ook '' Sturnus'' tarling '' Fringilla'' inch '' Passer'' ouse-sparrow ''Alauda'' ark '' Anthus'' ipit '' Motacilla'' agtail '' Certhia'' ree-creeper '' Parus'' it '' Lanius'' hrike '' Sylvia'' arbler '' Turdus'' hrush ''Erithacus'' ritish robin '' Luscinia'' ightingale '' Prunella'' edge-sparrow '' Troglodytes'' ren '' Hirundo'' wallow

=Class Mammalia

=

*Class Mammalia . 533**Subclass 1. Eotheria
***Order †Docodonta (e.g., †Morganucodon, † Docodon)
***Order ''incertae sedis'' †'' Diarthrognathus''
**Subclass 2. Prototheria
***Order Monotremata (e.g., ''Tachyglossus'' ''Echidna''">Echidna.html" ;"title=" ''Echidna"> ''Echidna''[spiny anteater">Echidna">_''Echidna<_a>''.html" ;"title="Echidna.html" ;"title=" ''Echidna"> ''Echidna''">Echidna.html" ;"title=" ''Echidna"> ''Echidna''[spiny anteater ''Zaglossus'' [= ''Proechidna''], ''Ornithorhynchus'' [platypus])
** Subclass 3. †Allotheria
*** Order †Multituberculata (e.g., †''Plagiaulax'', †''Ptilodus'')
**Subclass 4. Theria
*** Infraclass 1. †Pantotheria
****Order 1. †Eupantotheria (e.g., †''Amphitherium'')
**** Order 2. † Symmetrodonta (e.g., †''Spalacotherium'')
***Infraclass 2. Metatheria
****Order Marsupialia
***Infraclass 3. Eutheria (= Placentalia)
****Order ''incertae sedis'' †Triconodonta (e.g., †''Amphilestes'', †''Triconodon'')

Infraclass Metatheria

*Infraclass 2. Metatheria . 563**Order Marsupialia
***Superfamily 1. Didelphoidea (e.g., †''Eodelphis'', '' Didelphis'' possum '' Chironectes'' ater opossum
***Superfamily 2. †Borhyaenoidea (e.g., †'' Thylacosmilus'', †''Borhyaena

HOME


Content is Copyleft
Website design, code, and AI is Copyrighted (c) 2014-2017 by Stephen Payne


Consider donating to Wikimedia



As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases