botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclud ...

s with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water in

arid A region is arid when it severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Regions with arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most ar ...

climates or

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former te ...

conditions. The word ''succulent'' comes from the Latin word ''sucus'', meaning "juice" or "sap". Succulent plants may store water in various structures, such as

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

and stems. The water content of some succulent organs can get up to 90–95%, such as ''

Glottiphyllum semicyllindricum ''Glottiphyllum'' is a genus of about 57 species of succulent subtropical plants of the family Aizoaceae. It is closely related to the ''Gibbaeum'' and ''Faucaria'' genera. The name comes from ancient Greek γλωττίς ''glottis'' "tongue" and ...

'' and ''

Mesembryanthemum barkleyii ''Mesembryanthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae; like many members of this family, it is characterized by long-lasting flower heads. Flowers of ''Mesembryanthemum'' protect their gametes from night-time dews or frosts ...

''. Some definitions also include

root In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the sur ...

s, thus

geophyte A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have ...

s that survive unfavorable periods by dying back to underground

storage organ A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have ...

s may be regarded as succulents. The habitats of these water-preserving plants are often in areas with high temperatures and low rainfall, such as

desert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About on ...

s, but succulents may be found even in

alpine Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National Pa ...

ecosystems growing in rocky soil. Succulents are characterized by their ability to thrive on limited water sources, such as mist and dew, which makes them equipped to survive in an

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...

that contains scarce water sources. Succulents are not a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

category, since the term describes only the attributes of a particular species; some species in a genus or family may be succulent, whereas others are less so or not at all. Many plant families have multiple succulent species found within them (more than 25 plant families). In some families, such as

Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is d ...

Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

, and Crassulaceae, most species are succulents. In

horticultural Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...

use, the term is sometimes used in a way that excludes plants that botanists would regard as succulents, such as

cacti A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

. Succulents are often grown as

ornamental plant Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

s because of their striking and unusual appearance, as well as their ability to thrive with relatively minimal care.

Definition

By definition, succulent plants are

drought A drought is defined as drier than normal conditions.Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, an ...

-resistant plants in which the leaves, stem, or roots have become more than usually fleshy by the development of water-storing tissue. Other sources exclude roots as in the definition "a plant with thick, fleshy and swollen stems and/or leaves, adapted to dry environments". The difference affects the relationship between succulents and " geophytes"–plants that survive unfavorable seasons as a resting bud on an underground organ. The underground organs, such as

bulb In botany, a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf basesBell, A.D. 1997. ''Plant form: an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. that function as food storage organs duri ...

corm A corm, bulbo-tuber, or bulbotuber is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem that serves as a storage organ that some plants use to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat (perennation). The word ' ...

s, and

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure used as storage organs for nutrients in some plants. They are used for the plant's perennation (survival of the winter or dry months), to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing ...

s, are often fleshy with water-storing tissues. Thus if roots are included in the definition, many geophytes would be classed as succulents. Plants adapted to living in dry environments such as succulents, are termed ''

xerophyte A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek language, Greek ξηρός ''xeros'' 'dry' + φυτόν ''phuton'' 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert such as the Sahara or pl ...

s''. However, not all xerophytes are succulents, since there are other ways of adapting to a shortage of water, e.g., by developing small leaves which may roll up or having leathery rather than succulent leaves. Nor are all succulents xerophytes, as plants such as ''

Crassula helmsii ''Crassula helmsii'', known as swamp stonecrop or New Zealand pigmyweed, is an aquatic or semiterrestrial species of succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae. Originally found in Australia and New Zealand, it has been introduced around the wor ...

'' are both succulent and aquatic. Succulent in San Francisco

Some who grow succulents as a hobby may use the term in a different way from botanists. In

use, the term ''succulent'' regularly excludes cacti. For example, Jacobsen's three volume ''Handbook of Succulent Plants'' does not include cacti. Many books covering the cultivation of these plants include "cacti and succulents" as the title or part of the title. However, in botanical terminology, cacti are succulents, but not the reverse as many succulent plants are not cacti. Cacti form a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group and apart from one species are native only to the New World (the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

), but through parallel evolution similar looking plants in completely different families like the

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of the ...

evolved in the Old World. A further difficulty for general identification is that plant families are neither ''succulent'' nor ''non-succulent'' and can contain both. In many genera and families, there is a continuous gradation from plants with thin leaves and normal stems to those with very clearly thickened and fleshy leaves or stems. The ''succulent'' characteristic becomes meaningless for dividing plants into genera and families. Different sources may classify the same species differently. Horticulturists often follow commercial conventions and may exclude other groups of plants such as bromeliads, that scientifically are considered succulents. A practical horticultural definition has become "a succulent plant is any desert plant that a succulent plant collector wishes to grow", without any consideration of scientific classifications. Commercial presentations of "succulent" plants will present those that customers commonly identify as such. Plants offered commercially then as "succulents" (such as hen and chicks), will less often include geophytes (in which the swollen storage organ is wholly underground), but will include plants with a

caudex A caudex (plural: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.pages 456 and 695 In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is m ...

, that is a swollen above-ground organ at soil level, formed from a stem, a root, or both.

Appearance

The storage of water often gives succulent plants a more swollen or fleshy appearance than other plants, a characteristic known as succulence. In addition to succulence, succulent plants variously have other water-saving features. These may include: * crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to minimize water loss * absent, reduced, or cylindrical-to-spherical leaves * reduction in the number of

stoma In botany, a stoma (from Greek ''στόμα'', "mouth", plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates"), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bor ...

ta * stems as the main site of

photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

, rather than leaves * compact, reduced, cushion-like, columnar, or spherical growth form * ribs enabling rapid increases in plant volume and decreasing surface area exposed to the sun * waxy, hairy, or spiny outer surface to create a humid micro-habitat around the plant, which reduces air movement near the surface of the plant, and thereby reduces water loss and may create shade * roots very near the surface of the soil, so they are able to take up moisture from very small showers or even from heavy

dew Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation. As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at whi ...

* ability to remain plump and full of water even with high internal temperatures (e.g., ) * very impervious outer

cuticle A cuticle (), or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non- homologous, differing in their origin, structu ...

(skin) *fast wound sealing and healing * mucilaginous substances, which retain water abundantly

Habitat

Other than in

Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...

, succulents can be found within each continent. According to the

World Wildlife Fund The World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named the Wo ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

is home to around a third of all succulent species. While it is often thought that most succulents come from dry areas such as

steppe In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the temperate grasslands, ...

semi-desert A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

, and

, the world's driest areas do not make for proper succulent habitats, mainly due to the difficulty such low growing plants or seedlings would have to thrive in environments where they could easily be covered by sand. Australia, the world's driest inhabited continent, hosts very few native succulents due to the frequent and prolonged droughts. Even Africa, the continent with the most native succulents, does not host many of the plants in its most dry regions. However, while succulents are unable to grow in these harshest of conditions, they are able to grow in conditions that are uninhabitable by other plants. In fact, many succulents are able to thrive in dry conditions, and some are able to last up to two years without water depending on their surroundings and adaptations. Occasionally, succulents may occur as

epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

s, growing on other plants with limited or no contact with the ground, and being dependent on their ability to store water and gaining nutrients by other means; it is seen in ''

Tillandsia ''Tillandsia'' is a genus of around 650 species of evergreen, perennial flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, native to the forests, mountains and deserts of northern Mexico and south-eastern United States, Mesoamerica and the Caribbean to ...

''. Succulents also occur as inhabitants of

sea The sea, connected as the world ocean or simply the ocean, is the body of salty water that covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. The word sea is also used to denote second-order sections of the sea, such as the Mediterranean Sea, ...

coast The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is defined as the area where land meets the ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the coastline. The Earth has around of coastline. Coasts are important zones in n ...

s and

dry lake A dry lake bed, also known as a playa, is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceeds recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline c ...

s, which are exposed to high levels of dissolved minerals that are deadly to many other plant species. California is home to close to hundred succulent species that are native to the state, many of them live in coastal environments. Potted succulents are able to grow in most indoor environments with minimal care.

Conservation

In South Africa, several species have been threatened with extinction due to poaching from the wild for the

black market A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by noncompliance with an institutional set of rules. If the rule defines the se ...

and mining related activities. The plants are mainly sold to collectors in Asian countries, where there has been a high demand for them. It is illegal since 1974 to be in possession of protected succulents such as the '' Conophytum'' without authorisation in the

Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of , and the third most populous, with an estimated 7 million inhabitants in 2020 ...

and

Northern Cape The Northern Cape is the largest and most sparsely populated province of South Africa. It was created in 1994 when the Cape Province was split up. Its capital is Kimberley. It includes the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, part of the Kgalagadi T ...

, the two South African provinces where they grow.

Families and genera

Flickr - brewbooks - Kalanchoe longiflora var

There are approximately sixty different plant families that contain succulents. Plant orders, families, and genera in which succulent species occur are listed below. Order

Alismatales The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Description The Alismatales compri ...

* Araceae: ''

Zamioculcas ''Zamioculcas'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, containing the single species ''Zamioculcas zamiifolia''. It is a tropical perennial plant, native to eastern Africa, from southern Kenya to northeastern South Africa. Common ...

'' Order Apiales * Apiaceae: ''

Azorella ''Azorella'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to South America, New Zealand, southeastern Australia, and the islands of the Southern Ocean. They are low-growing dwarf mat-forming plants growing in high exposure on mo ...

Crithmum ''Crithmum'' is a monospecific genus of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, with the sole species ''Crithmum maritimum'', known as rock samphire, sea fennel or samphire. The name "samphire" is also used for several other unrela ...

'' *

Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguisha ...

: '' Cussonia'' Order

Arecales Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogona ...

(also called Principes) *

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

(also called Palmae) '' Jubaea'' Order Asparagales *

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus ''Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis fa ...

(geophytes): '' Amaryllis'', '' Boophone'', ''

Clivia ''Clivia'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Common names are Natal lily or bush lily. They are herbaceous or evergreen perennial plants, with g ...

,'' '' Crinum,

Cryptostephanus ''Cryptostephanus'' is a genus of African plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Its closest relative is ''Clivia'', with which it shares some characters, including thick, fleshy root ...

'', ''

Cyrtanthus ''Cyrtanthus'' is a genus of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Taxonomy ''Cyrtanthus'' is the sole genus in the African tribe Cyrtantheae. Phylogeny The placement of Cyrtanthe ...

'', '' Haemanthus'', ''

Rauhia ''Rauhia'' is a genus of Peruvian plants in the Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllis family. ;Species *''Rauhia decora'' Ravenna - Perú (Amazonas Region, Amazonas) *''Rauhia multiflora'' (Kunth) Ravenna - Perú (Cajamarca Region, Cajamarca) *''Rauhia occi ...

'', ''

Scadoxus ''Scadoxus'' is a genus of African and Arabian plants in the Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The English names blood lily or blood flower are used for some of the species. The genus has close affinities with ''Haemant ...

'', ''

Stenomesson ''Stenomesson'' is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile).Meerow, Alan W. 2000. Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nr ...

'' *

Asparagaceae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, ''Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate c ...

** Agavoideae: '' Agave'', '' Beschorneria'', '' Furcraea'', '' Hesperaloe'', '' Hesperoyucca'', ''

Manfreda ''Manfreda'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. Along with '' Polianthes'', members are commonly called tuberoses. The generic name honours 14th-century Italian writer Manfredus de Monte Imperiale. ...

Polianthes ''Polianthes'' ''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607 is a formerly recognized genus of plants in family (biology), family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. Molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetic studies showed that ''Polianthes ...

,'' ''

Yucca ''Yucca'' is a genus of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. Its 40–50 species are notable for their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal panicles of white or whitish flo ...

'' **

Lomandroideae Lomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Lomandra''. The group has ...

: '' Cordyline'' ** Nolinoideae: ''

Beaucarnea ''Beaucarnea'' is a genus of flowering plants native to Mexico and Central America. In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). ''Beaucarnea'' is sometime ...

'', ''

Calibanus ''Calibanus'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants, both evergreen succulents from dry areas of northeastern Mexico. The APG III classification system places it in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ru ...

'', '' Dasylirion'', '' Dracaena'', ''

Nolina ''Nolina'' is a genus of tropical xerophytic flowering plants, with the principal distribution being in Mexico and extending into the southern United States. They are large, dioecious plants. Some botanists have included the genus ''Beaucarnea ...

'' ** Scilloideae (Hyacinthaceae): ''

Albuca ''Albuca'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. The genus is distributed mainly in southern and eastern Africa, with some species occurring in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Plants of the g ...

'', ''

Bowiea ''Bowiea'' is a genus of bulbous, perennial, succulent plants which thrive in dry and desert regions of eastern and southern Africa. It is native to a region stretching from Kenya to Cape Province. The genus contains a single species, ''Bowiea v ...

'', ''

Daubenya ''Daubenya'' is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family (biology), family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae).Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards),Asparagales: Scilloideae, ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Websi ...

'', ''

Drimia ''Drimia'' is a genus of flowering plants. In the APG IV classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (formerly the family Hyacinthaceae). When broadly circumscribed, the genus includes a number of othe ...

'', '' Eucomis'', ''

Lachenalia ''Lachenalia'' is a genus of bulbous perennial plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, which are usually found in Namibia and South Africa. Most of them have a dormancy period, but new roots will always grow every year. ''Lach ...

'', ''

Ledebouria ''Ledebouria'' is a genus of African bulbous perennial herbs in the Asparagus family, Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. Most members were previously part of the genus ''Scilla''. A number of species are grown by cacti and succulent enthusiasts ...

'', ''

Massonia ''Massonia'' is a genus of bulbous perennial flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is native to southern Africa, and is found in localities such as Namaqualand with ho ...

'', '' Ornithogalum'', '' Scilla'', '' Urginea,'' ''

Veltheimia ''Veltheimia'' is a genus of perennial plants native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae Scilloideae (named after the genus '' Scilla'', "squill") is a subfamily of bulbous plants within the ...

'' *

Doryanthaceae ''Doryanthes'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Doryanthaceae. The genus consists of two species, '' D. excelsa'' (gymea lily) and '' D. palmeri'' (giant spear lily), both endemic natives of the coast of Eastern Australia., p. 312 ...

: ''

Doryanthes ''Doryanthes'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Doryanthaceae. The genus consists of two species, '' D. excelsa'' (gymea lily) and '' D. palmeri'' (giant spear lily), both endemic natives of the coast of Eastern Australia., p. 312 ...

'' *

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

: ''

Acampe ''Acampe'', abbreviated as Acp in horticultural trade, is a genus of monopodial, epiphytic vandaceous species of orchids, distributed from tropical Asia from India, eastwards to China and southwards to Malaysia, and the Philippines as well as fr ...

'', ''

Aerangis ''Aerangis'', abbreviated as Aergs in horticultural trade, is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name of this genus has been derived from the Greek words 'aer' (air) and 'angos' (urn), referring to the form of the lip. It is the type ...

'', ''

Ansellia ''Ansellia'' is considered a monotypic genus of orchid, with only one species, ''Ansellia africana'', commonly known as African ansellia or leopard orchid, however, it may in fact be a complex group of species which share common floral structure ...

'', ''

Bolusiella ''Bolusiella'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of 4 currently recognized species that are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Comoro Islands. ''Bolusiella'' are often very small, no more than a f ...

'', '' Bulbophyllum'', '' Cirrhopetalum,'' ''

Calanthe ''Calanthe'', commonly known as Christmas orchids, is a genus of about 220 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen or deciduous terrestrial plants with thick roots, small oval pseudobulbs, large corrugated leaves and upr ...

'', ''

Cyrtorchis ''Cyrtorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae native to Africa. Description The species of the genus ''Cyrtorchis'' are epiphytic or lithophytic herbs,Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgra ...

'', ''

Dendrobium cucumerinum ''Dendrobium cucumerinum'', commonly known as the cucumber orchid or gherkin orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It is an epiphytic orchid with creeping stems, gherkin-like leaves and flowering stems with up to eighteen c ...

'', ''

Eulophia ''Eulophia'', commonly known as corduroy orchids, is a genus of about two hundred species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Most ''Eulophia'' orchids are terrestrial but some are deciduous while others are evergreen. They ei ...

'', '' Liparis'', ''

Oberonia ''Oberonia'', commonly known as fairy orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic or lithophytic plants with the leaves arranged fan-like, overlapping at the base and spreading near the ...

'', ''

Oeceoclades ''Oeceoclades'', collectively known as the monk orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is related to '' Eulophia'' and like that genus is mostly terrestrial in habit. A few species extend into very arid en ...

'', ''

Polystachya ''Polystachya'', abbreviated Pol in horticultural trade, and commonly known as yellowspike orchid, is a flowering plant genus in the orchid family (biology), family (Orchidaceae). This rather distinctive genus was described by William Jackson Hoo ...

'', ''

Tridactyle ''Tridactyle'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has about 60-70 known species, all native to sub-Saharan Africa. Species ''Tridactyle'' species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2021: ...

'', ''

Vanilla Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia''). Pollination is required to make the p ...

'' * Asphodelaceae ** subfamily Asphodeloideae: ''

Aloe ''Aloe'' (; also written ''Aloë'') is a genus containing over 650 species of flowering succulent plants.WFO (2022): Aloe L. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000001341. Accessed on: 06 Nov 2022 The most wid ...

'' (succulents and succulent geophytes), ''

Astroloba ''Astroloba'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)"Asphodeloideae" ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 2016-06-10 native to the Cape Province of South Africa. ...

'', ''

Tulista ''Tulista'' is a small genus of succulent plants endemic to South Africa. They were formerly included within the genus ''Haworthia''. Characteristics The genus is characterised by a large size (relative to other haworthias), by their stemless ro ...

'', ''

× Astrolista × ''Astrolista'' (from ''Astroloba'' and ''Tulista'') is a nothogenus of naturally occurring inter-generic hybrids in the Little Karoo region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Species The nothogenus only contains one species × ''Ast ...

'', ''

Bulbine ''Bulbine'' is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae and subfamily Asphodeloideae, named for the bulb-shaped tuber of many species. It was formerly placed in the Liliaceae. It is found chiefly in Southern Africa, with a few species extend ...

'' (succulent geophytes, succulents, and geophytes), ''

Bulbinella ''Bulbinella'' is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)"Asphodeloideae" ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2016-06-10. first described as a genus in 1843. Many species are en ...

'' (geophyte), ''

Chortolirion ''Chortolirion'' (Gk. 'chortos' = 'pasture', 'lirion' ='lily') is a genus of perennial plants in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)"Asphodeloideae" ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2016-06-1 ...

'' (succulent geophytes), ''

Gasteria ''Gasteria'' is a genus of succulent plants, native to South Africa (and the far south-west corner of Namibia). Naming The genus is named for its stomach-shaped flowers (''"gaster"'' is Latin for "stomach") that result from the swollen base on t ...

'', ''

Gonialoe ''Gonialoe'' (the partridge aloes) is a small genus of three succulent plant species, indigenous to South Africa, Namibia and Angola. They were formerly included within the related genus ''Aloe''. The three species are '' Gonialoe variegata, Gon ...

'', '' Haworthia'', ''

Trachyandra ''Trachyandra'' is a genus of plant in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)"Asphodeloideae" ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 2016-06-10 first described as a genus in 1843. It is native to eas ...

'' (succulent geophytes and succulents), ** subfamily Xanothorrhoeoidae: '' Xanthorrhoea'' Order Asterales *

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

: ''

Arctotheca ''Arctotheca'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the aster family. They are annuals or perennials native to southern Africa. It is becoming an invasive weed in other parts of the world.Adam S., M. Campos, H.D.C. Heron, C. Staines, R. West ...

'', ''

Baeriopsis ''Baeriopsis'' is a monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing the single species ''Baeriopsis guadalupensis''. It is Endemism, endemic to the Guadalupe Island archipelago along the coast of Baja Cal ...

'', ''

Chrysanthemoides ''Chrysanthemoides'' is one of eight genera of the Calenduleae, with a centre of diversity in South Africa. The genus contains only two species, but is known for the invasive "Bitou Bush" '' Chrysanthemoides monilifera''. Studies of this genus h ...

'', ''

Coulterella ''Coulterella capitata'' is a species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is the only species of genus ''Coulterella''. ''Coulterella'' was placed in the monotypic subtribe Coulterellinae, but is now included in Varillinae. ''Coulterella ...

'', ''

Crassocephalum ''Crassocephalum'' is a genus the common names of whose members include ragleaf, thickhead, and bologi. Several species are raised as leaf vegetables and used for medicine, especially in West Africa. Similar to Senecio, but differing in never h ...

'', '' Curio'', ''

Delairea ''Delairea'' is a plant genus within the family Asteraceae that is native to South Africa. Classified within the tribe Senecioneae, it contains only one species, ''Delairea odorata'', which was previously included in the genus ''Senecio'' as ''Se ...

'', '' Didelta'', ''

Emilia Emilia may refer to: People * Emilia (given name), list of people with this name Places * Emilia (region), a historical region of Italy. Reggio, Emilia * Emilia-Romagna, an administrative region in Italy, including the historical regions of Emi ...

'', ''

Eremothamnus ''Eremothamnus marlothianus'' is a species of shrub in the family Asteraceae, the only species in the genus ''Eremothamnus''. It is native to the coastal desert of Namibia. It is a small shrub with spiny leaves. Taxonomy and systematics The gen ...

'', ''

Gymnodiscus ''Gymnodiscus'' is a genus of South Africa, South African flowering plants in the Asteraceae, sunflower family.Gynura ''Gynura'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly r ...

'', '' Hillardiella'' (geophyte), ''

Lopholaena ''Lopholaena'' (from ''lophos'', a crest, and ''chlaina'', a cloak) is a genus of perennial shrubs and herbaceous plants in the family Asteraceae. About 20 species occur from tropical to southern Africa. Description The flower head A pseudant ...

'', ''

Monoculus ''Monoculus'' is a genus of succulent plants in the pot marigold tribe within the sunflower family, split from the genus ''Osteospermum'' by Bertil Nordenstam in 2006. The two recognised species occur in the Western Cape of South Africa, with ...

'', ''

Nidorella ''Nidorella'' is a genus of African flowering plants in the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within ...

'', ''

Osteospermum ''Osteospermum'' , is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower/daisy family Asteraceae. They are known as the daisybushes or African daisies. ''Osteospermum'' used to belong to the genu ...

'', ''

Othonna ''Othonna'' is a genus of approximately 90 species of succulent or subsucculent perennial herbs or shrubs, with its center of diversity in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa but some species' ranges include southern Namibia, ...

'' (succulents and succulent geophytes), ''

Phaneroglossa ''Phaneroglossa'' is a genus of plants that is assigned to the daisy family. It consists of only one species, ''Phaneroglossa bolusii'', a perennial plant of up to high, that has leathery, line- to lance-shaped, seated leaves with mostly few sh ...

'', ''

Poecilolepis ''Poecilolepis'' is a genus of South African plants in the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the ...

'', ''

Polyachyrus ''Polyachyrus'' is a genus of South American plants in the family Asteraceae.Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1811. Amenidades Naturales de las Españas 1(1): 37 Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) ...

'', ''

Pteronia ''Pteronia'' ("resin daisies") is a genus of evergreen, woody perennial plants assigned to the family Asteraceae with currently 76 described species. Like in almost all Asteraceae, the individual flowers are 5-merous, small and clustered in typi ...

'', ''

Senecio ''Senecio'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus ''Senecio'' is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Description Morp ...

'', ''

Solanecio ''Solanecio'' is a genus of African plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. The name ''"Solanecio"'' is a combination of the names ''"Solanum"'' and ''"Senecio ''Senecio'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy fami ...

'', ''

Tripteris ''Tripteris'' is a genus of African plants in the pot marigold tribe within the daisy family. Some authors have classified as a ''Tripteris'' subgenus of ''Osteospermum'', but more recent studies support separating it as a distinct genus.Norde ...

'' * Campanulaceae: ''

Brighamia The Hawaiian lobelioids are a group of flowering plants in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae, subfamily Lobelioideae, all of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This is the largest plant radiation in the Hawaiian Islands, and indeed the ...

'' Order Brassicales * Brassicaceae: ''

Heliophila ''Heliophila'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. Members of this genus are either annuals or perennials and some are popular as ornamental plants. Endemic to southern Africa, the majority of the approximately 80 species ...

'', ''

Lepidium ''Lepidium'' is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, Brassicaceae. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia.Capparidaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are '' Capparis'' (about ...

: ''

Maerua ''Maerua'' is a genus of plants in the family Capparaceae, with its centre of diversity in Africa, though some species extend their range as far north as the Levant, and as far east as the Indian subcontinent and mainland Southeast Asia. Among i ...

'' *

Caricaceae The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growi ...

: '' Carica'', '' Jacarathia'' * Moringaceae: ''

Moringa Moringa may refer to: * ''Moringa'' (genus), a genus of plants * ''Moringa oleifera'', or just moringa, a plant species native to the Indian subcontinent * ''Moringa stenopetala'', a species in that genus commonly known as the African moringa Se ...

'' Order Caryophyllales *

: ''

Corbichonia ''Corbichonia'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lophiocarpaceae. Species in the genus are seed-bearing, vascular, succulent In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy, a ...

'', ''

Gisekia ''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...

'', '' Herreanthus'', ''

Limeum ''Limeum'' is a genus of flowering plants. It includes 25 species. ''Limeum'' has traditionally been recognized as belonging to the Molluginaceae family, but is now treated as the sole genus in the family Limeaceae. The family is newly recognize ...

'', '' Ophthalmophyllum'', ''

Saphesia ''Saphesia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are common ...

'' ** subfamily Aizooideae: ''

Acrosanthes ''Acrosanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family ''Aizoaceae''. It is native to Southern Africa. Description Plants in this genus are generally prostrate to sprawling branching perennials with opposite succulent leaves. Inflores ...

'', ''

Aizoanthemum ''Aizoanthemum'' is a small genus of plant in the family Aizoaceae, native to Namibia and Angola. It has only 5 species. Before being given their own genus, these species were considered a subgenus of ''Aizoon''. The genus name comes from the Gre ...

'', ''

Aizoon ''Aizoon'' or ''Aizoön'' is a genus of flowering plants in the iceplant family, Aizoaceae. Distribution Apart from A. canariense (which is native to Macaronesia, North Africa, Southern Africa, Horn of Africa and West Asia) all species are nati ...

'', ''

Galenia ''Galenia'' is a synonym of ''Aizoon ''Aizoon'' or ''Aizoön'' is a genus of flowering plants in the iceplant family, Aizoaceae. Distribution Apart from A. canariense (which is native to Macaronesia, North Africa, Southern Africa, Horn of Af ...

'', ''

Gunniopsis ''Gunniopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the iceplant family, Aizoaceae. These plants are found in areas of inland Australia. ''Gunniopis'' comprises 14 species that were once members of the genera ''Aizoon'', ''Gunnia'' and ''Neogunnia' ...

'', '' Plinthus'', ''

Tetragonia ''Tetragonia'' is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions mostly of the Southern Hemisphere, in New Zealand, Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth ...

'' ** subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae (syn.

Mesembryanthemaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large Family (biology), family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genus, genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies ...

): ''

Aptenia ''Aptenia'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae. They are native to southern Africa.Aridaria ''Aridaria'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae. Like several other genera, this genus and several others were transferred into ''Mesembryanthemum ''Mesembryanthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aiz ...

'', '' Aspazoma'', ''

Brownanthus ''Mesembryanthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae; like many members of this family, it is characterized by long-lasting flower heads. Flowers of ''Mesembryanthemum'' protect their gametes from night-time dews or frosts ...

'', ''

Calamophyllum ''Calamophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and f ...

'', '' Caulipsilon'', '' Conophytum'', '' Dactylopsis'', ''

Erepsia ''Erepsia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native range is South African Republic. Species: *''Erepsia anceps'' *''Erepsia aperta'' *''Erepsia aristata'' *''Erepsia aspera'' *''Erepsia babiloniae'' * ...

'', '' Hameria'', ''

Hartmanthus ''Hartmanthus'' is a genus of tropical, succulent flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to the lower Orange River in ǁKaras, Namibia and Northern Cape, South Africa. Description Plants grow as densely leaved dwarf shrubs. Their lea ...

'', ''

Hymenogyne ''Hymenogyne'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to South Africa. Species: *''Hymenogyne conica'' *''Hymenogyne glabra ''Hymenogyne'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoace ...

'', '' Marlothistela'', ''

Mesembryanthemum ''Mesembryanthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae; like many members of this family, it is characterized by long-lasting flower heads. Flowers of ''Mesembryanthemum'' protect their gametes from night-time dews or frosts ...

'', ''

Phiambolia ''Phiambolia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', '' Phyllobolus'', '' Prenia'', '' Psilocaulon'', ''

Ruschiella ''Ruschiella'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known ...

'', '' Sarozona'', ''

Sceletium Sceletium tortuosum is a succulent plant commonly found in South Africa, which is also known as Kanna, Channa, Kougoed (Kauwgoed/ 'kougoed', prepared from 'fermenting' ''S. tortuosum'')—which literally means, 'chew(able) things' or 'somethin ...

'', '' Synaptophyllum'' ** subfamily Ruschioideae: *** tribe Apatesieae: '' Apatesia'', ''

Carpanthea ''Carpanthea'', called vetkousie, is a genus of flowering plants in the iceplant family Aizoaceae, native to the southwest of the Cape Province The Province of the Cape of Good Hope ( af, Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred t ...

'', '' Caryotophora'', ''

Conicosia ''Conicosia'' is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family native to southern Africa. They are known commonly as narrow-leafed ice plants. These are relatively short-lived perennials with underground stems and tentacle-shaped, dull-poi ...

'', ''

Skiatophytum ''Skiatophytum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and for ...

'' *** tribe

Dorotheantheae Dorotheantheae is a small tribe of annual succulents in the Aizoaceae subfamily Ruschioideae. Though it originally comprised three genera (''Aethephyllum'', '' Cleretum'', and ''Dorotheanthus),'' ''Cleretum'' remains as the only recognised gen ...

: ''

Aethephyllum ''Cleretum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. Taxonomy The genus ''Cleretum'' was erected by Nicholas Edward Brown in 1925. He published the name in a key, basing the diagnosis ...

'' ''

Cleretum ''Cleretum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. Taxonomy The genus ''Cleretum'' was erected by Nicholas Edward Brown in 1925. He published the name in a key, basing the diagnosis ...

'' ''

Dorotheanthus ''Cleretum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. Taxonomy The genus ''Cleretum'' was erected by N. E. Brown, Nicholas Edward Brown in 1925. He published the name in a key, basing ...

'' *** tribe Ruschiae: ''

Acrodon ''Acrodon'' is a genus of ice plants from South Africa. It comprises 8 species, mostly endangered and all restricted to the southern Cape regions of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa. Description Species of ''Acrodon'' f ...

'', ''

Aloinopsis ''Aloinopsis'' is a genus of ice plants from South Africa. Description This genus is closely related to the similar ''Titanopsis'', '' Deilanthe'' and '' Nananthus'' genera. ''Aloinopsis'' species have a rather large tuberous root system, and a ...

'', ''

Amphibolia ''Amphibolia'' is a genus of plant in family Aizoaceae. Species include: * ''Amphibolia obscura ''Amphibolia obscura'' is a species of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threat ...

'', ''

Antegibbaeum ''Antegibbaeum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and fo ...

'', ''

Antimima ''Antimima'' is a succulent plant genus in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to South Africa and Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares ...

'', '' Arenifera'', ''

Argyroderma ''Argyroderma'' is a genus consisting of over 50 species of succulents in the iceplant family from South Africa. Description These distinctive plants are among those known as "living stones", because their highly succulent, usually stemless, ...

'', ''

Astridia ''Astridia'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. It is named after the wife Astrid of the German botanist and archaeologist Gustav Schwantes (1881 - 1960).Genaust, Helmut (1976). ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzenname ...

'', '' Bergeranthus'', '' Bijlia'', '' Braunsia'', ''

Brianhuntleya ''Brianhuntleya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and f ...

'', ''

Carpobrotus ''Carpobrotus'', commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, Hottentot fig, and clawberry is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek ' "fruit" and ' "edible", ...

'', ''

Carruanthus ''Carruanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants from the ice plant family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly kn ...

'', ''

Cephalophyllum ''Cephalophyllum'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. Species * '' Cephalophyllum alstonii'' Marloth ex L.Bolus * '' Cephalophyllum brevifolium'' L. Bolus * '' Cephalophyllum caespitosum'' H.Hartmann * '' Cephalophyllum compressum ...

'', ''

Cerochlamys Cerochlamys is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae.the Plant List "Cerochlamys" (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=cerochlamys Accessed 22 July They are all succulent plant In botany, ...

'', ''

Chasmatophyllum ''Chasmatophyllum'' is a genus of succulent plants native to the Karoo mountains of South Africa. The genus contains eight accepted species: *''Chasmatophyllum braunsii'' *''Chasmatophyllum maninum'' *''Chasmatophyllum musculinum'' *''Chasmatoph ...

'', ''

Cheiridopsis ''Cheiridopsis'' is a genus that consists of 100 species of flowering succulent perennial plants, native to semi-arid regions in the far west of Namibia and South Africa. Description Most species are clump-forming, a few are shrubby. The lea ...

'', ''

Circandra ''Circandra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', '' Conophytum'', '' Corpuscularia'', ''

Cylindrophyllum ''Cylindrophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native range is South African Republic. Species: *''Cylindrophyllum calamiforme'' *''Cylindrophyllum comptonii'' *''Cylindrophyllum hallii'' *''Cylind ...

'', ''

Delosperma ''Delosperma'' ('delos'=evident, 'sperma'=seed) is a genus of around 170 species of succulent plants, formerly included in ''Mesembryanthemum'' in the family Aizoaceae. It was defined by English botanist N. E. Brown in 1925. The genus is common i ...

'', ''

Dicrocaulon ''Dicrocaulon'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', ''

Didymaotus ''Didymaotus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Aizoaceae, containing the single species ''Didymaotus lapidiformis''. The plant is also known by the names stone plant and (Afrikaans for cow hoof). It occurs nativel ...

'', ''

Dinteranthus ''Dinteranthus'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. It occurs in the arid northwestern parts of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa and the south-eastern parts of Namibia. Description and taxonomy The plants are mesembs, and res ...

'', '' Diplosoma'', ''

Disphyma ''Disphyma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae that are native to New Zealand, Australia and southern Africa. Plants in this genus are prostrate, annual or short-lived perennial shrubs with succulent leaves and daisy-like flo ...

'', ''

Dracophilus ''Dracophilus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', ''

Drosanthemum ''Drosanthemum'' ("dewflowers") is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family native to the winter-rainfall regions of southern Africa. Most species bear colorful flowers. The name ''Drosanthemum'' means "dew-flower" in Greek, and ref ...

'', '' Eberlanzia'', ''

Ebracteola ''Ebracteola'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', ''

Enarganthe ''Enarganthe'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known ...

'', ''

Esterhuysenia ''Esterhuysenia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is ...

'', ''

Faucaria '' Faucaria'' is a genus of around 33 species of succulent subtropical flowering plants of the family Aizoaceae. The name comes from the Latin word ''fauces'' (“animal mouth”) because of the appearance of "teeth" on the leaves. ''Faucaria'' ...

'', ''

Fenestraria ''Fenestraria'' (known as babies' toes or window plant) is a (possibly monotypic) genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to the Namaqualand in Namibia. Description The only species currently recognised in this genus is ''F ...

'', ''

Frithia ''Frithia'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to several small rocky areas in the vicinity of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Description Like several of its close relatives (e.g. ''Fenestraria'') and other plant ...

'', ''

Gibbaeum ''Gibbaeum'' is a genus of about 21 species of small succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the Little Karoo region of South Africa. The name "Gibbaeum" comes from the Latin ''gibbosus'' (hunchback) Description These dwarf su ...

'', ''

Glottiphyllum ''Glottiphyllum'' is a genus of about 57 species of succulent subtropical plants of the family Aizoaceae. It is closely related to the ''Gibbaeum'' and '' Faucaria'' genera. The name comes from ancient Greek γλωττίς ''glottis'' "tongue" an ...

'', ''

Hallianthus ''Hallianthus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It only contains one species, ''Hallianthus planus'' It is native to the Cape Provinces of the South African Republic. The genus name of ''Hallianthus'' ...

'', ''

Hereroa ''Hereroa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the ...

'', '' Ihlenfeldtia'', '' Imitaria'', ''

Jacobsenia ''Jacobsenia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to the Cape Provinces in the South African Republic. The genus name of ''Jacobsenia'' is in honour of Hermann Jacobsen (1898–1978), a German gardener ...

'', ''

Jensenobotrya ''Jensenobotrya lossowiana'' is the only species of genus ''Jensenobotrya'', in the family Aizoaceae. It is a succulent plant endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It grows at Dolphin Head in Spencer Bay where it obtains moist ...

'', ''

Jordaaniella ''Jordaaniella'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. The plants of this genus are indigenous to southern Africa. Species include (among many others): *''Jordaaniella anemoniflora'' (L.Bolus) van Jaarsv. *''Jordaaniella clavifolia'' (L ...

'', ''

Juttadinteria ''Juttadinteria'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or ...

'', ''

Khadia ''Khadia'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. Some species under this genus include: * ''Khadia acutipetala'' * ''Khadia alticola'' * ''Khadia beswickii'' (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. * ''Khadia borealis'' * ''Khadia carolinensis'' * ''Khadia m ...

'', ''

Lampranthus ''Lampranthus'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to southern Africa. Description The genus name ''"Lampranthus"'' means ''"shining-flowers"'' in Greek, and the species of this genus have unusually large, bright ...

'', ''

Lapidaria (plant) ''Lapidaria'' is a monotypic genus of dwarf succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae. The only species it contains is ''Lapidaria margaretae'', also known as the Karoo rose. Description ''Lapidaria margaretae'' resembles those genera within the ...

'', ''

Leipoldtia ''Leipoldtia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to Namibia and the Cape Provinces (region of the South African Republic). The genus name of ''Leipoldtia'' is in honour of C. Louis Leipoldt Chris ...

'', ''

Lithops ''Lithops'' is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are native to southern Africa. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words () 'stone' and () 'face', referring to the stone-like appearanc ...

'', ''

Machairophyllum ''Machairophyllum'' is a genus of plants in the family Aizoaceae. Selected species L.Bolus : List sources : References Aizoaceae Aizoaceae genera {{Aizoaceae-stub ...

'', ''

Malephora ''Malephora'' is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family. There are 13 to 17 species in the genus, many of which are known commonly as mesembs. They are native to Africa. During the apartheid era, South African scientists have used ...

'', ''

Mestoklema ''Mestoklema'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native range is Southern Africa. Species Species: *''Mestoklema albanicum'' *''Mestoklema arboriforme'' *''Mestoklema copiosum'' *''Mestoklema elatum'' *'' ...

'', ''

Meyerophytum ''Meyerophytum'' is a genus of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the arid region of the Namaqualand and Richtersveld, in the far north-west of South Africa. The species are small succulent shrubs that grow short slender ste ...

'', ''

Mitrophyllum ''Mitrophyllum'' is a genus of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the arid region around the Richtersveld, on the border of South Africa and Namibia. Description The species generally grow stems, at the top of which two s ...

'', ''

Monilaria ''Monilaria'' is a genus of plants in the Family (biology), family ''Aizoaceae''. List of species * ''Monilaria brevifolia'' L.Bolus * ''Monilaria chrysoleuca'' Schwantes * ''Monilaria globosa'' (L.Bolus) L.Bolus * ''Monilaria luckhoffii'' L.Bo ...

'', ''

Mossia ''Mossia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It only contains one known species, ''Mossia intervallaris''. Its native range is Lesotho and South Africa and it is found in the provinces of the Cape Provi ...

'', ''

Muiria ''Muiria hortenseae'' ("mouse-head") is a rare dwarf species of succulent plant of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to a very small area in the Little Karoo, Western Cape, South Africa. It is the only species in the monophyletic genus ''Muiria''. ...

'', ''

Namaquanthus ''Namaquanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and for ...

'', ''

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

'', ''

Nananthus ''Nananthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form t ...

'', ''

Nelia Nelia or Neleia ( grc, Νηλία or Νήλεια) was a town of Magnesia in ancient Thessaly; Demetrias was situated between it and Iolcus. Strabo reports that when Demetrios Poliorketes Demetrius I (; grc, Δημήτριος; 337–283 BC), ...

'', ''

Neohenricia ''Neohenricia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice p ...

'', ''

Octopoma ''Octopoma'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ...

'', '' Odontophorus'', ''

Oophytum ''Oophytum'' is a genus of succulent plants native to South Africa. Both species are endemic to the Knersvlakte The Knersvlakte is a region of hilly terrain covered with quartz gravel in Namaqualand in the north-west corner of the Western Cape P ...

'', '' Ophthalmophyllum'', ''

Orthopterum ''Orthopterum'' is a genus of succulent plant in the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice p ...

'', ''

Oscularia ''Oscularia'' is a genus of succulent flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to semi-arid and rocky habitats in the Western Cape of South Africa. It was previously included within the related genus ''Lampranthus'', but was split off a ...

'', '' Ottosonderia'', ''

Pleiospilos ''Pleiospilos'' is a genus of succulent flowering plants of the family Aizoaceae, native to South Africa. The name is derived from the Greek ''pleios'' "many" and ''spìlos'' "spot". The plants are also known as ''kwaggavy'' ("Quagga The q ...

'', ''

Polymita ''Polymita'' is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helminthoglyptidae. These snails are endemic to Cuba. Anatomy ''Polymita'' creates and uses love darts as part of its mating be ...

'', ''

Psammophora ''Psammophora'' is a genus of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It contains the following species: * '' Psammophora longifolia'',L. Bolus * '' Psammophora modesta'' (Dinter & A. Berger) Dinter & Schwantes * '' Psammophora nissenii'' (Dinter) Dinte ...

'', ''

Rabiea ''Rabiea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to the Cape Provinces The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distribut ...

'', ''

Rhinephyllum ''Rhinephyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and for ...

'', ''

Rhombophyllum ''Rhombophyllum'' is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are native to southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania. ...

'', ''

Ruschia ''Ruschia'' is a genus of succulent plant, in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the dryer parts of southern Africa. Description Typical features of the genus include grey or blue-green succulent leaves, that are 3-sided or triangular in cross- ...

'', '' Ruschianthemum'', ''

Ruschianthus ''Ruschianthus falcatus'' is a species of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an ar ...

'', ''

Schlechteranthus ''Schlechteranthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to the Cape Provinces within the South African Republic. The genus name of ''Schlechteranthus'' is in honour of Max Schlechter (1874–1960), br ...

'', ''

Schwantesia ''Schwantesia'' is a genus of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It is named in honor of the German botanist and archaeologist Gustav Schwantes (1881 - 1960).Genaust, Helmut (1976). ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen'' ''Sc ...

'', ''

Scopelogena ''Scopelogena'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form ...

'', ''

Smicrostigma ''Smicrostigma'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly know ...

'', '' Stayneria'', '' Stoeberia'', '' Stomatium'' ''

Tanquana ''Tanquana'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form t ...

'' ''

Titanopsis ''Titanopsis'' is a genus of about 10 species of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the arid regions of South Africa and Namibia. The name ''Titanopsis'' is derived from the Greek (god), '' Titan'', the sun, and ''opsis'', ...

'', ''

Trichodiadema ''Trichodiadema'' is a genus of succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae. The name "Trichodiadema" comes from the ancient Greek "τρῐχός" (hair, bristle) and "διαδεμα" (crown). They come from Cape Province in South Africa. Descri ...

'', ''

Vanheerdea ''Vanheerdea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known ...

'', ''

Vanzijlia ''Vanzijlia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It only contains one known species, ''Vanzijlia annulata''. It is native to the Cape Provinces of the South African Republic. The genus name of ''Vanzijlia'' is in ...

'', ''

Vlokia ''Vlokia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae. The first description of the genus (along with the species ''Vlokia ater'') was published in 1994 by Steven A. Hammer. The generic name honors the discoverer of ''Vlokia ater'' ...

'', ''

Wooleya ''Wooleya'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It only contains one known species, ''Wooleya farinosa''. It is also in tribe Ruschieae. It is native to the Cape Provinces in the South African Republic. T ...

'', ''

Zeuktophyllum ''Zeuktophyllum'' is a succulent plant in the family Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angios ...

'' ** subfamily

Sesuvioideae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large Family (biology), family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genus, genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies ...

: '' Cypselea'', ''

Sesuvium ''Sesuvium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. The roughly eight species it contains are commonly known as sea-purslanes. Selected species * '' Sesuvium crithmoides'' Welw. – Tropical sea-purslane * '' Ses ...

'', ''

Trianthema ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'', ''

Tribulocarpus ''Tribulocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native range is Ethiopia to Southern Africa. Species: * ''Tribulocarpus dimorphanthus'' (Pax) S.Moore * ''Tribulocarpus retusus'' (Thulin) Thulin & Liede ...

'', ''

Zaleya ''Zaleya'' is a genus of flowering plants in the iceplant family Aizoaceae, found in Cape Verde, Africa, Madagascar, Réunion, Socotra, Western Asia, West Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Australia. Species Currently accept ...

'' *

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...

: ** subfamily Amaranthoideae: '' Arthraerva'' ** subfamily

Chenopodioideae The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included - together with other subfamilies - in family Chenopodiaceae in the Cronquist ...

(family Chenopodiaceae):) ''

Atriplex ''Atriplex'' () is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae ''s.l.''. The genus is quite variable and w ...

'', '' Chenopodium'', ''

Dissocarpus ''Dissocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its native range is Australia. Species: *''Dissocarpus biflorus'' *''Dissocarpus fontinalis'' *''Dissocarpus latifolius'' *''Dissocarpus paradoxus'' Refe ...

'', ''

Einadia ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifica ...

'', '' Enchylaena'', ''

Eremophea ''Eremophea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goose ...

'', '' Halopeplis'', '' Maireana'', ''

Malacocera ''Malacocera'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goos ...

'', ''

Neobassia ''Neobassia'' is a genus of small shrubs in the family Chenopodiaceae (''sensu stricto''), which are included in Amaranthaceae family, (''sensu lato'') according to the APG classification. Species are endemic to Australia. Description Species h ...

'', ''

Osteocarpum ''Osteocarpum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goo ...

'', ''

Rhagodia ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classific ...

'', '' Roycea'', ''

Halosarcia ''Tecticornia'' is a genus of succulent, salt tolerant plants largely endemic to Australia. Taxa in the genus are commonly referred to as samphires. In 2007, the genus ''Halosarcia'', along with three other Australian genera (''Pachycornia'', '' ...

'', ''

Salicornia ''Salicornia'' is a genus of succulent, halophytic (salt tolerant) flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae that grow in salt marshes, on beaches, and among mangroves. ''Salicornia'' species are native to North America, Europe, Central Asia, ...

'', '' Salsola'', ''

Sarcocornia ''Sarcocornia'' is a formerly recognized genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. Species are known commonly as samphires, glassworts, or saltworts. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that when separated from ''Salic ...

'', '' Sclerochlamys'', ''

Sclerolaena ''Sclerolaena '' is a genus of Annual plant, annuals or short-lived perennials in the family Chenopodiaceae (''sensu stricto''), which are included in Amaranthaceae (''sensu lato'') according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG classification ...

'', '' Suaeda'', ''

Tecticornia ''Tecticornia'' is a genus of succulent, salt tolerant plants largely endemic to Australia. Taxa in the genus are commonly referred to as samphires. In 2007, the genus ''Halosarcia'', along with three other Australian genera (''Pachycornia'', ' ...

'', ''

Threlkeldia ''Threlkeldia '' is a genus of annuals or short-lived perennials in the family Amaranthaceae. There are two species, both of which are endemic to Australia. Together they occur in all Australian states except Queensland. *'' Threlkeldia inchoa ...

'' *

Basellaceae Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera: * ''Anredera'' – 12 sp ...

: ''

Anredera ''Anredera'' is a genus of plants native to Latin America, the West Indies, Texas, and Florida. Some are naturalized in other regions (notably Mediterranean region and on various oceanic islands). Most of them evergreen vines of dry scrubland an ...

'', ''

Basella The genus ''Basella'' is the type genus of the plant family Basellaceae. ''Basella'' contains five known species.Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...

: ''

Acanthocalycium ''Acanthocalycium'' is a genus of cactus consisting of several species from Argentina. The taxon name comes from Greek ''akantha'' (meaning ''prickly'') and ''kalyx'' (meaning ''buds''), which refers to the spines on the floral tubes. These plan ...

'', ''

Acanthocereus ''Acanthocereus'' is a genus of cactus, cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek language, Greek word ''άκανθα'' (''acantha''), me ...

'', ''

Ariocarpus ''Ariocarpus'' is a small genus of succulent, subtropical plants of the family Cactaceae. The name comes from the ancient Greek "aria" (an oak type) and "carpos" (=fruit) because of the resemblance of the fruit of the two genus in acorn form. A ...

'', ''

Armatocereus ''Armatocereus'' (from Latin ''armatus'', "armed" and ''cereus'', "pliant/soft") is a genus of mostly tree-like cacti from South America (Ecuador and Peru). These species have a conspicuous constriction at the end of the annual growth. The flowe ...

'', ''

Arrojadoa ''Arrojadoa'' is a genus of cacti, comprising 6 species and several varieties. It is named after the Brazilian botanist Miguel Arrojado Lisboa (1872–1932) who was superintendent of the Brazilian Railways at the time that Britton and Rose desc ...

'', ''

Arthrocereus ''Arthrocereus'' is a genus of cactus, originating from southern Minas Gerais, Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At ...

'', ''

Astrophytum ''Astrophytum'' is a genus of six species of cacti, native to North America. These species are sometimes referred to as living rocks, though the term is also used for other genera, particularly ''Lithops'' (Aizoaceae). The generic name is der ...

'', ''

Austrocactus ''Austrocactus'' is a genus of cacti with ten species endemic of southern South America, in Argentina and Chile. They have solitary or branched bodies, the ribs are usually divided into tubercules (except ''Austrocactus spiniflorus''). The tall ...

'', ''

Aztekium The genus ''Aztekium'' contains three species of small globular cactus. Discovered in 1929 by F. Ritter, in Rayones, Nuevo León, Mexico, this genus was thought to be monotypic (with ''Aztekium ritteri'') until a second species ('' Aztekium hint ...

'', ''

Bergerocactus ''Bergerocactus emoryi'' is a species of cactus, known commonly as the golden-spined cereus, golden snake cactus, velvet cactus or golden club cactus. It is a relatively small cactus, but it can form dense thickets or colonies, with the dense ye ...

'', ''

Blossfeldia ''Blossfeldia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) containing only one species, ''Blossfeldia liliputiana'', native to South America in northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca and Mendoza Provinces) and southern Bolivia ...

'', ''

Brachycereus The lava cactus is a species of cactus, ''Brachycereus nesioticus'', the sole species of the genus ''Brachycereus''. The plant is a colonizer of lava fields – hence its common name – where it forms spiny clumps up to tall. Its solitary whit ...

'', ''

Browningia ''Browningia'' is a genus of cacti, comprising 11 accepted and 3 unresolved species. It is named for Webster E Browning (1869-1942), director of the Instituto Inglés, Santiago, Chile. Synonymy Synonyms of this genus are: *''Azureocereus'' Ak ...

'', ''

Brasilicereus ''Brasilicereus'' is a genus of cactus, cacti known only from Brazil and comprising 2 species. Species References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q140077 Cactoideae Cactoideae genera Cacti of South America Endemic flora of Brazil ...

'', ''

Calymmanthium ''Calymmanthium'' is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is ''Calymmanthium substerile'' (also known as ''C. fertile''). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. Calymmanthium is absolutely unique ...

'', ''

Carnegiea The saguaro (, ) (''Carnegiea gigantea'') is a tree-like cactus species in the monotypic genus ''Carnegiea'' that can grow to be over tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexican state of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains ...

'', ''

Cephalocereus ''Cephalocereus'' is a genus of slow-growing, columnar-shaped, blue-green cactus, cacti. The genus is native to Mexico. Description These cacti show a columnar and upright growth habit, and may be branched or unbranched reaching heights of 10 t ...

'', '' Cephalocleistocactus'', '' Cereus'', ''

Cintia ''Rebutia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina. They are generally small, colorful cacti, globular in form, which freely produce flowers that are relatively large in relation to the body. They ...

'', ''

Cipocereus ''Cipocereus'' is a genus of cacti from Brazil. These species were previously included in the genera '' Pilosocereus'' and '' Cereus''. Species Synonymy The genus ''Floribunda'' F.Ritter Friedrich Ritter (9 May 1898 – 9 April 1989) was a Germ ...

'', ''

Cleistocactus ''Cleistocactus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to mountainous areas - to - of South America (Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina). The name comes from the Greek ''kleistos'' meaning closed because the f ...

'', ''

Coleocephalocereus ''Coleocephalocereus'' is a genus of erect and semi-erect columnar cactus, cacti from Brazil. These species develop a cephalium with wool and bristles. They are common to the inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, and can comprise a do ...

'', ''

Copiapoa ''Copiapoa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile. Description It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspe ...

'', ''

Corryocactus ''Corryocactus'' is a genus of cacti. The genus was formerly placed in the tribe Notocacteae. It has also been placed in the tribe Echinocereeae. A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study excluded the genus from the "core" Echinocereeae, commenting t ...

'', ''

Coryphantha ''Coryphantha'' (from Greek, "flowering on the top"), or beehive cactus, is a genus of small to middle-sized, globose or columnar cacti. The genus is native to arid parts of Central America, Mexico, through Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas ...

'', ''

Dendrocereus ''Acanthocereus'' is a genus of cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ''άκανθα'' (''acantha''), meaning spine, and the Lat ...

'', ''

Denmoza ''Denmoza'' is a genus of cactus found in Argentina, comprising only 2 species. The name of the genus is an anagram of the western province of Mendoza. These species grow slowly and stay globulous during a long period before becoming shortly c ...

'', ''

Discocactus ''Discocactus'' is a genus of Tropics, tropical cactus, cacti. The name comes from the ancient Greek ' (=disc) because of its shape. ''Discocactus'' plants are endemic to southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, and northern Paraguay. These species ar ...

'', '' Disocactus'', '' Echinocactus'', ''

Echinocereus ''Echinocereus'' is a genus of ribbed, usually small to medium-sized, cylindrical shaped cacti, comprising about 70 species native to the southern United States and Mexico in very sunny, rocky places. Usually the flowers are large and the fruit ...

'', ''

Echinopsis ''Echinopsis'' is a large genus of cacti native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** ...

'', '' Epiphyllum'', ''

Epithelantha ''Epithelantha'' (button cactus) is a genus of cactus that is native to north-eastern Mexico, and the south-western United States from western Texas to Arizona. There are eight species recognised in the genus ''Epithelantha''. The name ''Epithela ...

'', ''

Eriosyce ''Eriosyce'' is a genus of cacti native to Chile. Description They are spherical to cylindrical plants that rarely sprout. The plants reach heights of growth of up to 1 m and have a diameter of up to 50 cm. They form 7 to 30 ribs on which the tho ...

'', '' Escobaria'', ''

Escontria ''Escontria'' is a genus of cactus. The only species is ''Escontria chiotilla'', the chiotilla or jiotilla. The species originates from Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, southern Puebla). This is a tree-like cactus, up to 7 metres tall. I ...

'', ''

Espostoa ''Espostoa'' is a genus of columnar cacti, comprising 16 species known from the Andes of southern Ecuador and Peru. It usually lives at an altitude of between 800m and 2500m. Its fruit is edible, sweet, and juicy. The genus is named after Nicola ...

'', ''

Espostoopsis ''Espostoopsis'' is a monotypic genus of cactus containing the single species ''Espostoopsis dybowskii''. The generic name is formed from Greek ''opsis'' meaning "view", referring to its resemblance to the genus '' Espostoa'', with which it is oft ...

'', ''

Eulychnia ''Eulychnia'' is a genus of candelabriform or arborescent cacti, comprising between 6 and 9 species depending on the authority. These desert cacti can survive under very hot conditions—temperatures can reach up to 50 degrees Celsius. Furthermo ...

'', ''

Facheiroa ''Facheiroa'' is a genus of cacti that is endemic to Brazil. Species It is comprised by 8 species in the 2 subgenera of ''Facheiroa'' and ''Zehntnerella''. Species include: The genus ''Zehntnerella'' ( Britton & Rose A rose is eithe ...

'', '' Ferocactus'', '' Frailea'', ''

Geohintonia ''Geohintonia mexicana'' (discovered in 1992) is a species of cacti, the only species in the genus ''Geohintonia''. This genus is named after its discoverer George S. Hinton. As its specific epithet suggests, the plant is found in Mexico ( Nuevo ...

'', '' Gymnocalycium'', ''

Haageocereus ''Haageocereus'' is a genus of cacti endemic to the lower elevations of the extremely dry desert along the coast of Peru and northern Chile. Species As of 2021 species include: Natural Hybrids Synonymy The following genera have been bro ...

'', '' Harrisia'', ''

Hatiora ''Hatiora'' is a small genus of epiphytic cacti which belongs to the tribe Rhipsalideae within the subfamily Cactoideae of the Cactaceae. Recent taxonomic studies have led to the three species formerly placed in subgenus ''Rhipsalidopsis'' be ...

'', ''

Hylocereus ''Hylocereus'' is a former genus of epiphytic cactus, cacti, often referred to as night-blooming cactus (though the term is also used for many other cacti). Several species previously placed in the genus have large edible fruits, which are known ...

'', ''

Jasminocereus ''Jasminocereus'' (meaning "jasmine-like cereus", referring to the flowers) is a genus of cacti with only one species, ''Jasminocereus thouarsii'', endemic to the Galápagos Islands, territorially a part of Ecuador. In English it is often called ...

'', ''

Lasiocereus ''Haageocereus'' is a genus of cacti endemic to the lower elevations of the extremely dry desert along the coast of Peru and northern Chile. Species As of 2021 species include: Natural Hybrids Synonymy The following genera have been brou ...

'', ''

Leocereus ''Leocereus bahiensis'' is a species of cactus and the only species of the genus ''Leocereus''. Distribution The cactus is endemic to Brazil, within Bahia state. It is found growing in the campos rupestres (rocky fields) montane savanna ecoregi ...

'', ''

Lepismium ''Lepismium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic cacti, with a dozen species. They are found in tropical South America. Synonymy The following genera have been brought into synonymy with this genus: *''Acanthorhipsalis'' (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose * ...

'', ''

Leptocereus ''Leptocereus'' is a genus of cacti native to the Greater Antilles. It has been placed in the tribe Leptocereeae or in a broadly defined Echinocereeae The Echinocereeae are a tribe of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. Since 2006, the tribe ...

'', ''

Leuchtenbergia ''Leuchtenbergia'' is a genus of cactus which has only one species, ''Leuchtenbergia principis'' (agave cactus or prism cactus). It is native to north-central Mexico ( San Luis Potosi, Chihuahua). The genus is named after Maximilian Eugen Joseph ...

'', ''

Lophophora ''Lophophora'' () is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its area range covers southern through northeastern and north-central Mexico to Querétaro in central Mexico. The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty ye ...

'', ''

Maihuenia ''Maihuenia'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) and the sole genus of the subfamily Maihuenioideae, which is the smallest subfamily of the Cactaceae. The genus comprises two cushion-forming, mucilaginous species. They are found at high ele ...

'', ''

Malacocarpus ''Parodia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia and in the lowland pampas regions of northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern ...

'', '' Mammillaria'', ''

Mammilloydia ''Mammilloydia'' is a genus of cactus containing the sole species ''Mammilloydia candida'', the snowball cactus., p. 450 Description ''Mammilloydia candida'' is green, globe-shaped, but with age it becomes almost cylindrical. It can reach a diame ...

'', ''

Matucana ''Matucana'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing approximately 20 species of mostly globular plants. The genus is only known from Peru, mostly along the Marañón River. The first species was discovered near the town of Matuca ...

'', ''

Melocactus ''Melocactus'' (melon cactus), also known as the Turk's cap cactus, is a genus of cactus with about 30–40 species. They are native to the Caribbean, western Mexico through Central America to northern South America, with some species along the A ...

'', ''

Micranthocereus ''Micranthocereus'' is genus of cactus. It originates from Brazil and includes about 11 species. The two genera ''Austrocephalocereus'' Backeb. and ''Siccobaccatus'' P.J.Braun & have been brought into synonymy with this genus. Species , Plant ...

'', '' Mila'', ''

Monvillea ''Acanthocereus'' is a genus of cactus, cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek language, Greek word ''άκανθα'' (''acantha''), me ...

'', ''

Myrtillocactus ''Myrtillocactus'' (from Latin, "blueberry cactus") is a genus of cacti. The genus is found from Mexico to Guatemala. The genus is best known with ''Myrtillocactus geometrizans''. The genus ''Myrtillocereus'' Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.) has bee ...

'', '' Neobuxbaumia'', ''

Neoraimondia ''Neoraimondia'' is a genus of medium to large cacti from Peru. The genus is named after the Italian-born Peruvian explorer, naturalist, and scientist, Antonio Raimondi. It is a psychoactive cacti and its different cacti have been known to cont ...

'', ''

Neowerdermannia ''Neowerdermannia'' is a genus of South American cactus, cacti. Species The genus comprises only two species:, pp. 482–483 References

Cactoideae genera Notocacteae {{cactus-stub ...

'', ''

Obregonia ''Obregonia'', the artichoke cactus, is a monotypic genus of cacti, containing the species ''Obregonia denegrii''. The species is endemic to the state of Tamaulipas in Mexico. The genus ''Obregonia'' is named after Álvaro Obregón, while the ...

'', ''

Opuntia ''Opuntia'', commonly called prickly pear or pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Prickly pears are also known as ''tuna'' (fruit), ''sabra'', ''nopal'' (paddle, plural ''nopales'') from the Nahuatl word f ...

'', ''

Cylindropuntia ''Cylindropuntia'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing species commonly known as chollas, native to northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. They are known for their barbed spines that tenaciously attach to skin, fur, a ...

'', ''

Oreocereus ''Oreocereus'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), known only from high altitudes of the Andes. Its name means "mountain cereus", formed from the Greek prefix ' (, mountain) and the New Latin ', meaning wax or torch. As they are covered wi ...

'', ''

Oroya ''Oroya'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), originating from Peru. The name comes from the Peruvian town of la Oroya La Oroya is a city on the River Mantaro in central Peru. It is situated on the Andes some 176 km east-north-e ...

'', ''

Ortegocactus ''Cochemiea macdougallii'' is a species of cactus in the genus '' Cochemiea''. The plant has a greenish-gray epidermis and black spines. It is only known from Oaxaca, Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, ...

'', ''

Pachycereus ''Pachycereus'' is a genus of 9–12 species of large cacti native to Mexico and just into southern Arizona, United States. They form large shrubs or small trees up to 15 m tall, with stout stems up to 1 m in diameter. ''Pachycereus'' comes fr ...

'', ''

Parodia ''Parodia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia and in the lowland pampas regions of northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern ...

'', ''

Pediocactus ''Pediocactus'' (Greek: πεδίον (pedion) means "plain", "flat", "field") is a genus of cacti. The genus comprises between 6 and 11 species, depending upon the authority. Species of this genus are referred to as hedgehog cacti, though that ...

'', ''

Pelecyphora ''Pelecyphora'' is a genus of cacti, comprising 2 species. They originate from Mexico. ''Pelecyphora'' is known for its medicinal properties and may have been utilized as a psychoactive in the same way as ''Lophophora williamsii''. It is know ...

'', ''

Peniocereus ''Peniocereus'' is a genus of vining cactus, cacti, comprising about 18 species, found from the southwestern United States and Mexico. They have a large underground tuber, thin and inconspicuous stems. Its name comes from the prefix ''penio-'' ( ...

'', ''

Pereskia ''Pereskia'' is a small genus of about four species of cacti that do not look much like other types of cacti, having substantial leaves and non-succulent stems. The genus is named after Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, a 16th-century French bota ...

'', ''

Pereskiopsis ''Pereskiopsis'' is a genus of cactus (family Cactaceae) in the subfamily Opuntioideae. Unlike typical cacti, it has persistent fleshy leaves. The genus name refers to its resemblance to the genus ''Pereskia''. Most species are found in Mexico s ...

'', ''

Pilosocereus ''Pilosocereus'' (from Latin, "hairy cereus") is a genus of cactus native to the Neotropics. Tree cactus is a common name for ''Pilosocereus'' species. The commonly cultivated ''Pilosocereus pachycladus'' ( syn. ''Pilosocereus azureus'') is a bl ...

'', ''

Polaskia ''Polaskia'' (named after American amateur Charles Polaski) is a genus of tree-like cacti reaching 4–5 m high, comprising 2 species. Both present primitive characteristics, but '' Polaskia chichipe'' is nearer to '' Myrtillocactus'' while '' ...

'', ''

Praecereus ''Praecereus'' is genus of cactus A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, ...

'', ''

Pseudoacanthocereus ''Strophocactus'' is a genus of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. Its status and circumscription remain somewhat uncertain, with the genus containing one to three species (not always the same ones). Molecular phylogenetic data suggest that it c ...

'', ''

Pseudorhipsalis ''Pseudorhipsalis'' is genus of cacti. This genus is often included in ''Disocactus''. It is epiphytic, many branched, and elongated with flattened, serrated cladodes. In its early life, it stands erect, but soon becomes prostrate. It produces n ...

'', ''

Pterocactus ''Pterocactus'' (from Greek ''pteron'', "wing", referring to the saucer-shaped seed of these plants) is a genus of the cactus family (Cactaceae), comprising 9 species. All ''Pterocactus'' have tuberous roots and are endemic to South and Western A ...

'', ''

Pygmaeocereus ''Pygmaeocereus'' is a genus of diminutive cactus, cacti (family (biology), family Cactaceae). It is native to South America. These species generally do not reach more than high, and produce a large tuberous root system and scented night flow ...

'', ''

Quiabentia ''Quiabentia'' is a genus of cacti, closely related to ''Pereskiopsis''. Species Species of the genus ''Quiabentia'' according to Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botan ...

'', ''

Rauhocereus ''Rauhocereus'' is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae) with nocturnal flowers. It is known from northern Peru (Rio Santa The Santa River ( es, Río Santa) is a river in the South American Andes mountain range in the Ancash Region of northwes ...

'', ''

Rebutia ''Rebutia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family cactus, Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina. They are generally small, colorful cacti, globular in form, which freely produce flowers that are relatively large in relation to the bod ...

'', ''

Rhipsalis ''Rhipsalis'' is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the cactus family, typically known as mistletoe cacti. They are found in parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern regions of South America. They also inhabit isolated location ...

'', ''

Samaipaticereus ''Samaipaticereus'' is a genus of cactus containing the sole species ''Samaipaticereus corroanus''. It is known only from East Andean Bolivia and Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional ...

'', ''

Schlumbergera ''Schlumbergera'' is a small genus of cacti with six to nine species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. These plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite differen ...

'', ''

Sclerocactus ''Sclerocactus'' ("hard cactus", from Greek; refers to the hard, dry fruit) is a genus of cacti. It comprises about 15 species, the exact number depending on the authority. These species are very xerophytic. They are sometimes called 'fishhook ...

'', '' Selenicereus'', ''

Stenocactus ''Stenocactus'' is a genus of cacti in the Cactaceae family. Synonymy The following genera have been brought into synonymy with ''Stenocactus'': *''Echinofossulocactus'' Britton & Rose *''Efossus'' Orcutt Orcutt is an unincorporated town an ...

'', '' Stenocereus'', ''

Stephanocereus ''Stephanocereus'' is genus of cactus from Brazil, related to '' Arrojadoa''. This genus was monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one ...

'', '' Stetsonia'', ''

Strombocactus ''Strombocactus disciformis'' is a rare species of cacti and the only species of the genus ''Strombocactus''. The plant originates from Central and Northeast Mexico. Description ''Strombocactus'' is a monotypic genus with a strong turnip-like ...

'', ''

Tacinga ''Tacinga'' is a genus in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to northeast Brazil (from northeast Minas Gerais to southern Rio Grande do Norte, including Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraíba). Once thought to be monotypic In biol ...

'', ''

Thelocactus ''Thelocactus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Members of the genus are native to the arid lands of Central and Northern Mexico. Description ''Thelocactus'' species are globe-shaped, short and cylindrical. They ...

'', '' Trichocereus'' '' Turbinicarpus'', ''

Uebelmannia ''Uebelmannia'' is genus of cactus A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, ...

'', ''

Weberbauerocereus ''Weberbauerocereus'' is a genus of ceroid cactus, considered to be intermediate between the genera ''Trichocereus'' and '' Cleistocactus''. The genus is named after August Weberbauer because of his extensive research in the Peruvian Andes. Spe ...

'', ''

Weberocereus ''Weberocereus'' is genus of cacti. It produces a green and white flower and is found mainly in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Description The species of the genus ''Weberocereus'' grows climbing or hanging, epiphytic or lithophytic. Their shoots, whi ...

'', ''

Yungasocereus ''Yungasocereus inquisivensis'' is a species of cactus native to Bolivia, the sole member of its genus, ''Yungasocereus''. It is a columnar cactus, appearing either as a tree or shrub, ranging up to 4–5 meters in height. The 6–7 cm diam ...

'' *

Didiereaceae Didiereaceae is a family of flowering plants found in continental Africa and Madagascar. It contains 20 species classified in three subfamilies and six genera. Species of the family are succulent plants, growing in sub-arid to arid habitats. Seve ...

: ''

Alluaudia ''Alluaudia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Didiereaceae. There are six species, all endemic to Madagascar. Most occur in the southwestern subarid forest-thicket vegetation of the island. Species of ''Alluaudia'' are dioecious, ...

'', ''

Alluaudiopsis ''Alluaudiopsis'' is a genus of shrubby flowering plants belonging to the family Didiereaceae. Species of ''Alluaudiopsis'' are dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual ...

'', '' Decaria'', ''

Didierea ''Didierea'' is a genus of succulent flowering plants in the family Didiereaceae. It is dedicated to naturalist Alfred Grandidier (1836-1921). Species of ''Didierea'' are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The two known ...

'' * Molluginaceae: ''

Hypertelis ''Hypertelis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Molluginaceae. Most of its former species have been transferred to the new genus '' Kewa'', and the remaining species, ''Hypertelis spergulacea'', may also need a different placement. '' ...

'' *

Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unch ...

: ''

Phytolacca ''Phytolacca'' is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America and East Asia. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet. Other names for species ...

'' * Portulacaceae: ''

Amphipetalum ''Amphipetalum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Talinaceae Talinaceae is a family of two genera and 28 species of flowering plants comprising shrubs, lianas, and herbaceous species native to the Americas, Africa and M ...

'', '' Anacampseros'', '' Avonia'', ''

Calyptrotheca ''Calyptrotheca'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Didiereaceae Didiereaceae is a family of flowering plants found in continental Africa and Madagascar. It contains 20 species classified in three subfamilies and six gener ...

'', ''

Ceraria ''Portulacaria'' is a genus of succulent plant, classified in its own subfamily Portulacarioideae in the family Didiereaceae. It is indigenous to southern Africa. Taxonomy The genus was previously placed in the family Portulacaceae, but accordin ...

'', ''

Cistanthe ''Cistanthe'' is a plant genus which includes most plants known as pussypaws. These are small, succulent flowering plants which often bear brightly colored flowers, though they vary quite a bit between species in appearance. Some species have fl ...

'', ''

Calandrinia ''Calandrinia'' is a large genus of flowering plants known as purslanes and redmaids. It includes over 100 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Plants of this genus are native to ...

'', '' Dendroportulaca'', '' Grahamia'', ''

Lewisia ''Lewisia'' is a plant genus, named for the American explorer Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) who encountered the species in 1806. The native habitat of ''Lewisia'' species is north facing cliffs in western North America. Local Native Americans at ...

'', '' Parakeelya'', '' Portulaca'', ''

Portulacaria ''Portulacaria'' is a genus of succulent plant, classified in its own subfamily Portulacarioideae in the family Didiereaceae. It is indigenous to southern Africa. Taxonomy The genus was previously placed in the family Portulacaceae, but accordin ...

'', '' Schreiteria'', '' Talinella'', ''

Talinum ''Talinum'' is a genus of herbaceous succulent plants in the family Talinaceae (formerly in the family Portulacaceae) whose common names include flameflower. Several species bear edible leaves, and ''Talinum fruticosum'' is widely grown in tropi ...

'' Order Commelinales * Commelinaceae: ''

Aneilema ''Aneilema'' is a genus of monocotyledonous plants of approximately 60 species. The vast majority of the species are native to sub-Saharan Africa, but a few are found in Oceania and one, '' Aneilema brasiliense'', is from South America. It is the ...

'', '' Callisia'', ''

Cyanotis Cyanotis (syn. ''Tonningia'') is a genus of mainly perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, first described in 1825. It is native to Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australia.Dyer, R. Allen, “The Genera of Southern African Flowering Pl ...

'', '' Tradescantia'', ''

Tripogandra ''Tripogandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the spiderwort family, Commelinaceae. It is native to the Western Hemisphere from central Mexico and the West Indies south to Argentina.Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismat ...

'' Order Cornales * Loasaceae: ''

Schismocarpus ''Schismocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loasaceae Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of th ...

'' Order Cucurbitales * Begoniaceae: ''

Begonia ''Begonia'' is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species. The Begonias are native to moist subtropical and tropical climates. Some species are commonly grown ind ...

'' * Cucurbitaceae: ''

Acanthosicyos ''Acanthosicyos'' is a genus of thorny shrubs of the botanical family Cucurbitaceae, subfamily Cucurbitoideae. The genus name derives from the Greek words "''akantha''" for thorn and "''sykios''" for cucumber or gourd. Species Endemic to the Na ...

'', ''

Apodanthera ''Apodanthera'' is a genus of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: ...

'', ''

Brandegea ''Brandegea'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Brandegea bigelovii'', the desert starvine. This sprawling perennial vine in the squash family is native to the deserts of California, Arizona, and northern Mexico. The distincti ...

'', ''

Cephalopentandra ''Cephalopentandra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most i ...

'', ''

Ceratosanthes ''Ceratosanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most imp ...

'', '' Citrullus'', ''

Coccinia The scarlet gourds are a genus (''Coccinia'' from the Greek, ''kokkinia'' or ''kokkinias'' - "red" or "scarlet") with 25 species. It is distributed in sub- Saharan Africa and with one species, ''C. grandis'' also in South and South-east Asia, a ...

'', ''

Corallocarpus ''Corallocarpus'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to h ...

'', '' Cucumella'', '' Cucumis'', ''

Cucurbita ''Cucurbita'' (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as ''cucurbits'' or ''cucurbi''), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh and ...

'', ''

Cyclantheropsis ''Cyclantheropsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most i ...

'', ''

Dactyliandra ''Dactyliandra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most impo ...

'', ''

Dendrosicyos ''Dendrosicyos'' is a monotypic genus in the plant family (biology), family Cucurbitaceae. The only species is ''Dendrosicyos socotranus'', the cucumber tree. The species is endemism, endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen, and is the only spe ...

'', '' Doyera'', '' Eureindra'', ''

Fevillea ''Fevillea'' is a genus of the plant family Cucurbitaceae (the cucumber, squash, and pumpkin family). Some references suggest that there is only one member of this genus, '' Fevillea cordifolia'' (antidote vine). Other online sources make refere ...

'', '' Gerrandanthus'', ''

Gynostemma ''Gynostemma'' is a genus of perennial climbing vines in the Cucurbitaceae, cucumber, gourd, and melon family, comprising at least 19 species, all native to the tropical East or Far East, inclusive of the Himalayas: China (with 9 endemism, endemi ...

'', '' Halosicyos'', '' Ibervilla'', '' Kedostris'', '' Lagenaria'', '' Marah'', '' Momordica'', ''

Neoalsomitra ''Neoalsomitra'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Squash Family (Cucurbitaceae). Its native range is Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Fiji. Species Species: *''Neoalsomitra angustipetala'' *''Neoalsomitra balansae'' *''Neoalso ...

'', '' Odosicyos'', '' Parasicyos'', '' Syrigia'', '' Telfairia'', ''

Trochomeria ''Trochomeria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is Tropical and Southern Africa. Species: *''Trochomeria baumiana'' *''Trochomeria debilis'' *''Trochomeria hookeri'' *''Trochomeria macr ...

'', ''

Trochomeriopsis ''Trochomeriopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most im ...

'', ''

Tumamoca ''Tumamoca'' is a plant genus in the family Cucurbitaceae. It is named for Tumamoc Hill just west of the City of Tucson, Arizona, where the University of Arizona maintains an ecological research station. The type specimen In biology, a type ...

'', ''

Xerosicyos ''Xerosicyos'' is a flowering plant genus of the family (biology), family Cucurbitaceae. Its name comes from Greek language, Greek ''xeros'' (meaning "dry") and ''sicyos'' ("cucumber"). There are three species, all endemic to Madagascar. ''Xero ...

'', ''

Zehneria ''Zehneria'' is a genus of flowering plants – of vines in the cucumber and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It contains about 35 species ranging from Africa, through Southeast Asia to Australia and Oceania. The name honours botanical artist Jos ...

'', '' Zygosicyos'' Order Dioscoreales * Dioscoreaceae: ''

Dioscorea ''Dioscorea'' is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending ...

'' Order

Ericales The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for Camellia sinensis, tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, Argania, argan, and azalea. The order i ...

Balsaminaceae The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera: '' Impatiens'', which consists of over 1000 species, and ''Hydrocera'', consisting of 1 species. The flowering plants may be an ...

: ''

Impatiens ''Impatiens'' is a genus of more than 1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics. Together with the genus ''Hydrocera'' (one species), ''Impatiens'' make up the family Balsaminaceae. ...

'' * Ericaceae: ''

Sphyrospermum ''Sphyrospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. ...

'' *

Fouquieriaceae ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the Family (biology), family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (''Fouquieria splendens, F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio (''Fouquieria columnar ...

: ''

Fouquieria ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the Family (biology), family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (''Fouquieria splendens, F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio (''Fouquieria columnar ...

'' Order Fabales *

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

: ''

Delonix ''Delonix'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains trees that are native to Madagascar and East Africa. By far the best known species is the Royal Poinciana ('' D. regia''). The name o ...

'', '' Dolichos'', ''

Erythrina ''Erythrina'' is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 130 species, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They are trees, with the larger species growing up to in height. The generic na ...

'', ''

Lotononis ''Lotononis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae and the tribe Crotalarieae. Almost all of the species in the genus occur in southern Africa. Species Several species were recently transferred from ''Lotononis'' to four new or ...

'', '' Lupinus'', ''

Neorautanenia ''Neorautanenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for t ...

'', '' Pachyrhizus'', ''

Tylosema The genus ''Tylosema'' is in the plant family Fabaceae and encompasses four accepted species of perennial legumes native to southern and central Africa. These are semi-woody viniferous plants broadly distributed from Sudan and Ethiopia south to ...

'' Order Filicales *

Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader ...

''Drymoglossum niphoboloides'', ''Lecanopteris carnosa'' Order Gentianales *

: ''

Adenium ''Adenium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Cultivation and uses ''Adenium obesum'' is grown as a houseplant in temperate and tropica ...

'', ''

Mandevilla ''Mandevilla'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical flowering vines belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It was first described as a genus in 1840. A common name is rocktrumpet. ''Mandevilla'' species are native to the Southwestern United S ...

'', ''

Pachypodium ''Pachypodium'' is a genus of succulent spine-bearing trees and shrubs, native to Madagascar and Africa. It belongs to the family Apocynaceae. Genus characteristics All ''Pachypodium'' are succulent plants that exhibit, to varying degrees, the ...

'', ''

Plumeria ''Plumeria'' (), known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Rauvolfioideae, of the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species variously are endemic to Mexico, Central America, and ...

'' ** subfamily Asclepiadoideae (syn.

Asclepiadaceae The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial herbs, twin ...

): ''

Absolmsia ''Absolmsia'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae of two species, native to Southwest of China and Borneo. The genus commemorates Hermann zu Solms-Laubach Hermann zu Solms-Laubach, more precisely Hermann Maximilian Carl L ...

'', ''

Australluma ''Australluma'' is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. Species include: * ''Australluma peschii'', (Nel) Plowes Australluma, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Apocynaceae genera {{Apocynaceae-stub ...

'', ''

Aspidoglossum ''Aspidoglossum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30 ...

'', ''

Aspidonepsis ''Aspidonepsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commo ...

'', '' Baynesia'', '' Brachystelma'', ''

Ceropegia ''Ceropegia'' is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in his ''Genera plantarum'', which appeared in 1737. Linnaeus referre ...

'', ''

Chlorocyathus ''Chlorocyathus '' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described in 1887. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # '' Chlorocyathus lobulata'' (Venter & R.L.Verh.) Venter - Bathurst District in Cape Province of South Africa # '' C ...

'', ''

Cibirhiza ''Cibirhiza'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1988. It is native to central and eastern Africa and to the Arabian Peninsula. Species # ''Cibirhiza albersiana'' Kunz, Meve & Liede - Tanzania, Zambia ...

'', ''

Cordylogyne ''Cordylogyne'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It contains only one accepted species, '' Cordylogyne globosa'', native to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Af ...

'', '' Cynanchum'', ''

Dischidia ''Dischidia'' is a genus of plants in the “dog-bane” family Apocynaceae, collectively known as the “milkweeds” (true perennial milkweeds in the ''Apocynaceae'' are found in the genus ''Asclepias''). They are epiphytes, native to tropical ...

'', ''

Dischidiopsis ''Dischidiopsis'' is a genus of plant in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1904. One species ''(D. papuana)'' is native to New Guinea, while all the others endemic to the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, P ...

'', ''

Duvaliandra ''Duvaliandra'' is a species of plants in the Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1980. It contains only one known species, ''Duvaliandra dioscoridis'', native to the Socotra Islands in the Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-la ...

'', ''

Eustegia ''Eustegia'' is a genus of vines in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogba ...

'', ''

Fanninia ''Fanninia'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1868. It contains only one known species, ''Fanninia caloglossa'', native to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (R ...

'', ''

Fockea ''Fockea'' is a genus of succulent scrubs native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) ...

'', ''

Glossostelma Glossostelma is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family ...

'', ''

Hoya Hoya may refer to: Places *Hoya, Germany, a city in Lower Saxony, Germany *County of Hoya, a former state in present Germany * Hoya, Tokyo, now incorporated within Nishi-tokyo, Tokyo, Japan * Hoya, Hpruso, a place in Hpruso Township, Kayah, Myanma ...

'', ''

Ischnolepis ''Ischnolepis'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1909. It contains only one known recognized species, ''Ischnolepis graminifolia'', endemic to Madagascar.Venter, H. J. T. & R. L. Verhoeven. 1997. A tr ...

'', ''

Lavrania ''Lavrania'' is a monospecific genus of plant in family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1986. It is native to Namibia. ;Species # '' Lavrania haagnerae'' Plowes - Namibia ;Taxonomy Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be mo ...

'', ''

Marsdenia ''Marsdenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1810. It is named in honor of the plant collector and Secretary of the Admiralty, William Marsden. The plants are native to tropical regions in Asia, Afri ...

'', ''

Miraglossum ''Miraglossum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1984. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At ab ...

'', ''

Odontostelma ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to huma ...

'', ''

Ophionella ''Ophionella '' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1981. It contains only one accepted species, ''Ophionella arcuata'', native to Eastern Cape Province of South Africa South Africa, officially the ...

'', '' Orbeanthus'', ''

Pachycarpus ''Pachycarpus'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1838. It is native to Africa. ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Asclepias, Gomphocarpus, Xysmalobium ''Xysmalobium'' is a genus of plants ...

'', ''

Parapodium In invertebrates, the term parapodium ( Gr. ''para'', beyond or beside + ''podia'', feet; plural: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed ...

'', ''

Periglossum ''Periglossum '' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both ...

'', ''

Petopentia ''Petopentia'', commonly known as propeller vine, is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1954. It contains only one known species, ''Petopentia natalensis'', native to the Province of KwaZulu-Natal in eastern ...

'', ''

Raphionacme ''Raphionacme'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1842. The genus is found primarily in Africa, with one species on the Arabian Peninsula.Miller, Anthony G. & Biagi, J. A. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botani ...

'', '' Riocreuxia'', '' Sarcorrhiza'', ''

Schizoglossum ''Schizoglossum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonl ...

'', ''

Schlechterella ''Schlechterella'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae (the dogbane family). It is native to Africa, found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda. , the genus contained two species: * '' Schlechterella abyssinica' ...

'', '' Stathmostelma'', ''

Stenostelma ''Stenostelma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1894.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species o ...

'', '' Stomatostemma'', '' Trachycalymma'', '' Trichocaulon'', '' Tylophora'', ''

Woodia ''Woodia'' is a genus in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, becaus ...

'', ''

Xysmalobium ''Xysmalobium'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Africa.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 27 ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Asclepias, Glossostel ...

'' *** tribe

Asclepiadeae The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a gr ...

: **** subtribe Asclepiadne: ''

Asclepias ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans ...

'', **** subtribe Cynanchinae: ''

Sarcostemma ''Sarcostemma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Apocynum, dogbane family, Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. The name is derived from the Greek language, Greek words σαρκὸς (''sarkos''), meaning "flesh," and στέμ ...

'', **** subtribe Gonolobinae: ''

Matelea ''Matelea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It contains about 200 species, which are commonly known as milkvines. Some people consider '' Chthamalia'' to be a synonym to or a subgenus of ''Matelea''. Selected species ...

'', *** tribe

Maxillarieae Maxillariinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. It was formerly treated as the tribe Maxillarieae, and divided into a number of subtribes. Genera Generic boundaries in the tribe have changed substantially with new molecular evidenc ...

: **** subtribe Lycastinae: ''

Rudolfiella ''Rudolfiella'', abbreviated as Rud. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids comprising eight species native to tropical South America, Trinidad and Panama. They are found in northern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Pa ...

'' *** tribe

Stapelieae The genera of plants within the tribe Stapelieae are all to varying degrees stem succulents. Many of the species resemble cacti, though are not closely related, as an example of convergent evolution. The stems are often angular, mostly four-ang ...

: ''

Angolluma ''Angolluma'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Apocynaceae, native primarily to northern-hemisphere Africa, with some species in southern Africa. Unlike the closely related genus ''Orbea Orbea is a bicycle manufacturer based in M ...

'', '' Caralluma'', ''

Desmidorchis ''Desmidorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its native range is Sahara and Sahel to Eastern Tropical Africa Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeog ...

'', ''

Duvalia ''Duvalia'' is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae (dogbane). The genus was first described in 1812, named after the French physician and botanist Henri-Auguste Duval (1777-1814). Description ...

'', ''

Echidnopsis ''Echidnopsis'' is a genus of succulent, cactus-like plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1871. They are native to eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. ;Accepted species ;Species formerly included ''Echidnopsi ...

'', ''

Edithcolea ''Edithcolea'' is a monotypic genus with a single species ''Edithcolea grandis'' (Persian carpet flower). Once classified in the family Asclepiadaceae, it is now in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native to ...

'', ''

Frerea ''Boucerosia frerei'' is a plant in the genus ''Boucerosia'' which contains several species many of which are native to the Indian subcontinent and one species, ''Boucerosia crenulata'', native to Myanmar. ''B. frerei'' (locally called shindel m ...

'', ''

Hoodia ''Hoodia'' (; known locally as "ghaap" or "bobbejaanghaap") is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, native to Southern Africa. One species of ''Hoodia'' in particular, ''Hoodia gordonii'', ...

'', ''

Huernia The genus ''Huernia'' (family Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) consists of perennial, stem succulents from Eastern and Southern Africa and Arabia, first described as a genus in 1810.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 11 The flowers ...

'', ''

Huerniopsis ''Huerniopsis'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, first described in 1878. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # ''Huerniopsis atrosanguinea'' (N.E. Br.) A.C. White & B. Sloane - N Botswana # ''Huerniopsis decipiens'' N.E.Br ...

'', ''

Larryleachia ''Larryleachia'' is a genus of stapeliad succulent flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. ;Species * '' Larryleachia cactiformis'' (Hooker) Plowes * '' Larryleachia marlothii'' (N.E. Brown) Plowes * '' Larryleachia perlata'' (Dinter) Pl ...

'', ''

Notechidnopsis ''Notechidnopsis'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1985. It contains only one recognized species, ''Notechidnopsis tessellata'', native to Cape Province in South Africa. ;formerly included moved to '' ...

'', ''

Orbea (plant) ''Orbea'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1812. It is native to Africa.Leach, Leslie Charles. 1975. Kirkia 10(1): 289-291. ;Species ;Formerly included moved to other genera ''(Pachycymbi ...

'', '' Orbeopsis'', ''

Piaranthus ''Piaranthus'' is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae. It was first described in 1810. Its name comes from Greek and is descriptive of the fleshy, succulent flowers typical of the genus (''"piar-" ...

'', ''

Pachycymbium ''Pachycymbium'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described in 1978. It is native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. ...

'', '' Pectinaria'', ''

Pseudolithos ''Pseudolithos'' is a genus of succulent flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, indigenous to arid areas of Somalia, Yemen and Oman. Description and naming The plants were first described as a genus in 1965; the name ''"Pseudo-lithos"'' me ...

'', '' Pseudopectinaria'', ''

Quaqua The genus ''Quaqua'' falls within the tribe of plants known collectively as stapeliads. All stapeliads, including ''Quaqua'', are Old World stem succulents. Species of the genus ''Quaqua'' are exceptionally varied and endemic to southwestern A ...

'', ''

Rhytidocaulon Rhytidocaulon is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1962. It is native to northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula ;Species # '' Rhytidocaulon paradoxum'' P.R.O.Bally - Ethiopia # '' Rhytidocaulon piliferum'' Lavra ...

'', '' Stapelia'', ''

Stapelianthus ''Stapelianthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1933. The entire genus is endemic to Madagascar and is concentrated in the far south of the island. The genus is defined by the unique coro ...

'', ''

Stapeliopsis ''Stapeliopsis'' is a genus of succulent plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to southern Africa. Description ''Stapeliopsis'' was described as a genus in 1928. The name refers to its superficial resemblance to some species of the genus ''St ...

'', ''

Tavaresia ''Tavaresia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1902. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # ''Tavaresia angolensis'' Welw. - Angola # ''Tavaresia barklyi'' (Dyer) N.E.Br. - South Africa # ''Tav ...

'', ''

Tridentea ''Tridentea'' is a genus of succulent plant in the family Apocynaceae, endemic to southern Africa. Name and history ''Tridentea'' was first described as a genus in 1812, and its name refers to the three "teeth" on each interstaminal segment of ...

'', ''

Tromotriche ''Tromotriche'' is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. It is native to southern Africa.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southe ...

'', ''

Whitesloanea ''Whitesloanea'' (also ''White-sloanea'') is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It has only one known species; ''White-sloanea crassa'' (N.E.Br.) Chiov. It has an unusual odour, in that many believe it to s ...

'' ** subfamily

Periplocoideae Periplocoideae is a subfamily of the dogbane plant family, Apocynaceae. It was not divided into Tribe (biology), tribes as of 2014. Genera In 2014, the subfamily was Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed to contain the following genera: *''A ...

: *** tribe Cryptolepideae: '' Cryptolepis'' * Rubiaceae: '' Anthorrhiza'', ''

Anthospermum ''Anthospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in Tropical and Southern Africa, Madagascar and in southwestern Arabian Peninsula. Species * ''Anthospermum aethiopicum'' Carl Linnaeus, L. * ...

'', '' Hydnophytum'', ''

Hydrophylax ''Hydrophylax'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus the Younger in 1782. The genus contains only one species, ''Hydrophylax maritima'', which is found in India, Sri Lanka and Tha ...

'', ''

Myrmecodia ''Myrmecodia'' is a genus of epiphytic myrmecophytes (mər′mek•ə‚fīt; literally "ant-plant"), native to Southeast Asia, but also present in Indochina, Malaysia, the Southwest Pacific, the Philippines, Fiji, and extending south to Queensl ...

'', ''

Myrmephytum ''Myrmephytum'' is a genus of myrmecophyte, myrmecophytic flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is distributed from central Malesia to New Guinea. It is one of five ant-plant genera in the family Rubiaceae, the others b ...

'', ''

Phylohydrax ''Phylohydrax'' is a genus of plants in the Rubiaceae. It contains two species: * '' Phylohydrax carnosa'' (Hochst.) PuffChristian Puff. 1986. Plant Systematics and Evolution 154: 343–366 - Madagascar, South Africa * '' Phylohydrax madagascar ...

'', ''

Squamellaria ''Squamellaria'' is a genus of myrmecophyte, myrmecophytic flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is endemism, endemic to the islands of Fiji. It is one of five ant-plant genera in the family Rubiaceae, the others being ...

'' Order Geraniales * Geraniaceae: '' Monsonia'', ''

Pelargonium ''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a separ ...

'' (succulents and geophytes), ''

Sarcocaulon ''Sarcocaulon'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Geraniaceae. Its native range is Angola to Southern Africa. Species Species: *'' Sarcocaulon camdeboense'' *'' Sarcocaulon ciliatum'' *'' Sarcocaulon flavescens'' *'' Sar ...

'' Order Lamiales *

Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with ...

: ''

Aeschynanthus ''Aeschynanthus'' is a genus of about 150 species of evergreen subtropical and tropical plants in the family Gesneriaceae. They are usually trailing epiphytes with brightly colored flowers that are pollinated by sunbirds. The genus name comes fro ...

'', '' Alsobia'', ''

Chirita ''Chirita'' was a formerly recognised genus of plants in the family Gesneriaceae, native to the Indo-Malayan realm of South and Southeast Asia and southern China. In 2011, the species in the genus were reassigned to several genera, so that ''C ...

'', ''

Codonanthe ''Codonanthe'' is a genus of mainly epiphytic plants in the family Gesneriaceae, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The botanical name comes from the Ancient Greek for 'bellflower'. They have white or pale pink flowers and somewhat flesh ...

'', ''

Columnea ''Columnea'' is a genus of around 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the family Gesneriaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – us ...

'', ''

Nematanthus ''Nematanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. All of its species are endemic to Brazil. Compared to other gesneriads, ''Nematanthus'' has leaves that are small, succulent, and hard-surfaced. The plant has a trailing ...

'', ''

Sinningia ''Sinningia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. It is named after Wilhelm Sinning (1792–1874), a gardener of the Botanische Gärten der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. There are about 65 species of tuberous her ...

'', ''

Streptocarpus ''Streptocarpus'' ("twisted fruit" from Greek στρεπτός (''streptos'') "twisted" and καρπός (''carpos'') "fruit") is an Afrotropical genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. The genus is native to Afromontane biotopes ...

'' *

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

: ''

Aeollanthus ''Aeollanthus'' is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae. All the species are native to Africa. ;Species * '' Aeollanthus abyssinicus'' Hochst. ex Benth. – Ethiopia * '' Aeollanthus alternatus'' Ryding – Tanzania, Zambia * '' Aeollanthus amb ...

'', '' Dauphinea'', ''

Perrierastrum ''Capitanopsis'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1916. It contains six known species, all endemic to Madagascar. Taxonomy Phylogeny In 2019, Paton et al. published a summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectrant ...

'', ''

Plectranthus ''Plectranthus'' is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants from the sage family, Lamiaceae, found mostly in southern and tropical Africa and Madagascar. Common names include spur-flower. ''Plectranthus'' species are herbaceous perennia ...

'', ''

Rotheca ''Rotheca'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae.Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón M ...

'', ''

Solenostemon ''Solenostemon'' is a former genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It has been included in the genus ''Plectranthus'', but is now included in an expanded ''Coleus''. They are native to tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. Some spec ...

'', ''

Tetradenia ''Tetradenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1830. It is native to Africa, including Madagascar. ;Species # '' Tetradenia bainesii'' (N.E.Br.) Phillipson & C.F.Steyn - Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Eswatini, KwaZulu-Na ...

'', ''

Thorncroftia ''Thorncroftia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1912. It is native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in bo ...

'' * Lentibulariaceae *

Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order Lamiales. The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of sesame seeds. It comprises 13 genera and approximately 70 speci ...

: '' Holubia'', '' Pterodiscus'', ''

Sesamothamnus ''Sesamothamnus'' is a genus of plant in family Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order Lamiales. The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of ...

'', ''

Uncarina ''Uncarina'' is a genus of plant in the family Pedaliaceae found in Madagascar. Etymology The genera name is derived from the Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, a ...

'' Order Malpighiales * Euphorbiaceae: ''

Cnidoscolus ''Cnidoscolus'' is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1827. The group is widespread across much of North and South America, including the West Indies. The name is derived from the Greek words κνίδη (''kn ...

'', '' Euphorbia'', ''

Jatropha ''Jatropha'' is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (''iatros''), meaning "physician", and τροφή (''trophe''), meaning "nutrition", hence the common name ...

'', ''

Monadenium ''Euphorbia'' is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family (biology), family Euphorbiaceae. "Euphorbia" is sometimes used in ordinary English to collectively refer to all members of Euphorbiaceae ...

'', '' Pedilanthus'', ''

Phyllanthus ''Phyllanthus'' is the largest genus in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number of species in this genus vary widely, from 750David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book.'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University P ...

'', '' Synadenium'' *

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from t ...

: ''

Adenia ''Adenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It is distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics.

'' * Phyllanthaceae: ''

'' Order Malvales *

Cochlospermaceae The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated th ...

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

: ''

Adansonia ''Adansonia'' is a genus made up of eight species of medium-to-large deciduous trees known as baobabs ( or ). They are placed in the Malvaceae family, subfamily Bombacoideae. They are native to Madagascar, mainland Africa, and Australia.Tropic ...

'', '' Cavanillesia'', '' Ceiba'', ''

Pseudobombax ''Pseudobombax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae. The genus ranges across tropical South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Windward Islands."''Pseudobombax'' Dugand". ...

'' ** subgroup Sterculiaceae: ''

Brachychiton ''Brachychiton'' (kurrajong, bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated ...

'', '' Sterculia'' Order

Myrtales The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eur ...

* Melastomataceae: ''

Medinilla ''Medinilla'' is a genus of about 400 species of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to tropical regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70 species) and southern Asia to the western Pa ...

'' Order Oxalidales *

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

(geophytes): '' Oxalis'' Order Piperales *

Piperaceae The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: ''Piper'' ( ...

: '' Peperomia'' Order Poales *

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain o ...

: ''

Abromeitiella ''Deuterocohnia'' is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae, endemic to South America. The genus is named for Ferdinand Julius Cohn, Jewish botanist and bacteriologist. Plants once described as belonging to the g ...

'', ''

Aechmea ''Aechmea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae (subfamily Bromelioideae). The name comes from the Greek ''aichme'', meaning "spear". Suggested pronunciations include and . ''Aechmea'' comprises eight subgenera and around ...

'', ''

Ananas ''Ananas'' is a plant genus in the family Bromeliaceae. It is native to South America. The genus contains ''Ananas comosus'', the pineapple. Species The genus ''Ananas'' includes only two species: Gallery File:Pineapple.plantation.jpg, Pinea ...

'', ''

Catopsis ''Catopsis'' is a genus in the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. The genus name is from the Greek “kata” (hanging down) and “opsis” (appearance). ''Catopsis'' is a genus of plants widespread across much of Latin A ...

'', ''

Connellia ''Connellia'' is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae. The genus name is for Frederick Vavasour McConnell, English ornithologist and biologist (1868-1914). There are 6 known species, all native to the Guyana Highlands of Guyana and Vene ...

'', ''

Dyckia ''Dyckia'' is a genus of plants in the family (biology), family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. The genus is named after the Prussian botanist, botanical artist and horticulturist The Prince and Earl of Salm Reifferscheid-Dyck (1773–1 ...

'', ''

Hechtia ''Hechtia'' is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, and is the sole genus of the subfamily Hechtioideae, containing 75 species. Its species are native to Mexico, Central America, and Texas. The genus is named for Julius Gottfried Conr ...

'', ''Neoregelia'', ''Puya (genus), Puya'', ''

'', ''Vriesea'' * Poaceae: ''Dregeochloa'', ''Laobambos'' Order Ranunculales * Menispermaceae: ''Chasmanthera'', ''Stephania'', ''Tinospora'' Order Rosales * Moraceae: ''Dorstenia'', ''Ficus'' * Urticaceae: ''Laportea'', ''Obetia'', ''Pilea'', ''Pouzolzia'', ''Sarcopilea'' Order Santalales * Loranthaceae: ''Actinanthella'', ''Agelanthus'', ''Erianthemum'', ''Helixanthera'', ''Moquiniella'', ''Oncocalyx'', ''Pedistylis'', ''Plicosepalus'', ''Septulina'', ''Tapinanthus'', ''Vanwykia'' * Viscaceae (syn. Santalaceae): ''Viscum'' Order Sapindales * Anacardiaceae: ''Operculicaria'', ''Pachycormus (plant), Pachycormus'' * Burseraceae: ''Boswellia'', ''Bursera'', ''Commiphora'' * Meliaceae: ''Entandrophragma'' * Sapindaceae: ''Erythrophysa'' Order Saxifragales * Crassulaceae: ''Adromischus'', ''Aeonium'', ''Aichryson'', ''Cotyledon (genus), Cotyledon'', ''Crassula'', ''Cremnophila (plant), Cremnophila'', ''Dudleya'', ''Echeveria'', ''Graptopetalum'', ''Greenovia'', ''Hylotelephium'', ''Kalanchoe'', ''Kungia'', ''Lenophyllum'', ''Meterostachys'', ''Monanthes'', ''Mucizonia'', ''Orostachys'', ''Pachyphytum'', ''Perrierosedum'', ''Petrosedum'', ''Phedimus'', ''Pistorinia'', ''Prometheum'', ''Pseudosedum'', ''Rhodiola'', ''Rosularia'', ''Sedella (plant), Sedella'', ''Sedum'', ''Sempervivum'', ''Sinocrassula'', ''Thompsonella'', ''Tylecodon'', ''Umbilicus (plant), Umbilicus'', ''Villadia'' * Saxifragaceae: ''Micranthes'', ''Saxifraga'' Order Solanales * Convolvulaceae: ''Ipomoea'', ''Merremia'', ''Stictocardia'', ''Turbina (plant)'' * Solanaceae: ''Nolana'' Order Vitales * Vitaceae: ''Cissus'', ''Cyphostemma'' Order Zygophyllales * Zygophyllaceae: ''Augea'', ''Seetzenia'', ''Zygophyllum'' (unplaced order)* Boraginaceae: ''Heliotropium'' (unplaced order)* Icacinaceae: ''Pyrenacantha'' (geophyte) There also were some succulent gymnosperms (but extinct since the end of the Cretaceous): Order Pinales * Cheirolepidiaceae: ''Frenelopsis'', ''Pseudofrenelopsis'', ''Suturovagina'', ''Glenrosa'' For some families and subfamilies, most members are succulent; for example the

, Agavoideae,

, and Crassulaceae. The table below shows the number of succulent species found in some families and their native habitat:

Cultivation

Succulents are favored as houseplants for their attractiveness and ease of care. They have been cultivated as houseplants since at least the 17th century. If properly potted, succulents require little maintenance to survive indoors. Succulents are very adaptable houseplants and will thrive in a range of indoor conditions. For most plant owners, over-watering and associated infections are the main cause of death in succulents. Succulents can be propagated by different means. The most common is vegetative propagation; this includes ''cuttings'' where several inches of stem with leaves are cut and after healing, produce a callus. After a week or so, roots may grow. A second method is ''division'' consisting of uprooting an overgrown clump and pulling the stems and roots apart. A third method is propagation by leaf by allowing the formation of a callus. During this method, a bottom leaf is fully removed from the plant often by twisting or cutting. The leaf then dries out and a callus forms preventing the leaf from absorbing too much moisture and thus rotting. This method typically takes up to a few weeks to produce healthy roots that would eventually create new plants. The vegetative propagation can be different according to the species.

References

Bibliography

* * * (publication date also given as 1930s or 1940s) * * * * * *

External links

Succulent Plants of the World - an iNaturalist Project
{{Authority control Succulent plants, Plant common names Plant morphology Drought-tolerant plants Garden plants

Definition

Appearance

Habitat

Conservation

Families and genera

Cultivation

See also

References

Bibliography

External links