Sir Peter Paul Rubens - Portrait of the Artist - Google Art Project

art history Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today, ...

, "Old Master" (or "old master")Old Masters Department
Christies.com. refers to any

painter Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ...

of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "

old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition. The term remains current in the art trade, and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of " fine art" produced in printma ...

" is an original

print Printing is the process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template Print or printing may also refer to: Publishing * Canvas print, the result of an image printed onto canvas which is often stretched, or gallery-wrapped, o ...

(for example an

engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an i ...

etching Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal. In modern manufacturing, other chemicals may be used on other type ...

) made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master

drawing Drawing is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface. The instruments used to make a drawing are pencils, crayons, pens with inks, brushes with paints, or combinations of these, and in more mod ...

" is used in the same way. In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local

artists' guild The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city guild for painters and other artists in early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries. They were named in honor of the Evangelist Luke, the patron saint of artists, who was identi ...

, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.

Period covered

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term was often understood as having a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470; paintings made before that were "primitives", but this distinction is no longer made. The ''

Oxford English Dictionary The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the first and foundational historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a com ...

'' defines the term as "A pre-eminent artist of the period before the modern; esp. a pre-eminent western European painter of the 13th to 18th centuries." The first quotation given is from 1696, in the diary of

John Evelyn John Evelyn (31 October 162027 February 1706) was an English writer, landowner, gardener, courtier and minor government official, who is now best known as a diarist. He was a founding Fellow of the Royal Society. John Evelyn's diary, or ...

: "My L: Pembroke..shewed me divers rare Pictures of very many of the old & best Masters, especially that of M: Angelo..,& a large booke of the best drawings of the old Masters.""old master, n. and adj." ''OED Online''. Oxford University Press, December 2016. Web. The term is also used to refer to a painting or sculpture made by an Old Master, a usage datable to 1824. There are comparable terms in Dutch, French, and German; the Dutch may have been the first to make use of such a term, in the 18th century, when ''oude meester'' mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century. ''Les Maitres d'autrefois'' of 1876 by

Eugene Fromentin Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Eugene (actress) (born 1981), Kim Yoo-jin, South Korean actress and former member of the s ...

may have helped to popularize the concept, although "vieux maitres" is also used in French. The famous collection in

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

at the

Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister The Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (, ''Old Masters Gallery'') in Dresden, Germany, displays around 750 paintings from the 15th to the 18th centuries. It includes major Italian Renaissance works as well as Dutch and Flemish paintings. Outstand ...

is one of the few museums to include the term in its actual name, although many more use it in the title of departments or sections. The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period. The end date is necessarily vague – for example,

Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 174616 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and e ...

(1746–1828) is certainly an Old Master, though he was still painting and

printmaking Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand processed techni ...

at his death in 1828. The term might also be used for

John Constable John Constable (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the ...

(1776–1837) or

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( , ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: British ...

(1798–1868), but usually is not.

Edward Lucie-Smith John Edward McKenzie Lucie-Smith (born 27 February 1933), known as Edward Lucie-Smith, is a Jamaican-born English writer, poet, art critic, curator and broadcaster. He has been highly prolific in these fields, writing or editing over a hundred ...

gives an end date of 1800, noting "formerly used of paintings earlier than 1700". The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague, especially when discussing paintings, although the terms "Old Master Prints" and "Old Master drawings" are still used. It remains current in the art trade. Auction houses still usually divide their sales between, for example, "Old Master Paintings", "Nineteenth-century paintings", and "Modern paintings".

Christie's Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, at Rockefeller Center in New York City and at Alexandra House in Hong Kong. It is owned by Groupe Artémis, t ...

defined the term as ranging "from the 14th to the early 19th century".Now rewritten less succinctl
to the same effect

Anonymous artists

Artists, most often from early periods, whose hand has been identified by art historians, but to whom no identity can be confidently attached, are often given names by art historians such as '' Master E.S.'' (from his monogram), '' Master of Flémalle'' (from a previous location of a work), ''Master of

Mary of Burgundy Mary (french: Marie; nl, Maria; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled a collection of states that included the duchies of Limburg, Brabant, Luxembourg, the counties o ...

'' (from a patron), ''

Master of Latin 757 The Master of Latin 757 (''fl'' c. 1380–1395), or the "Lancelot Master", is the name given to a Lombard painter of illuminated manuscripts whose work is very poorly known. He was the leading illuminator for the Visconti court in Milan.Ox ...

'' (from the shelf mark of a manuscript he illuminated), ''

Master of the Brunswick Diptych Master or masters may refer to: Ranks or titles * Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans * Grandmaster (chess), National Maste ...

,'' or ''

Master of Schloss Lichtenstein The Master of Schloss Lichtenstein (fl. c. 1430 – 1450) was an Austrian late Gothic painter. Works Nothing is known about the person who is today referred to as the Master of Schloss Lichtenstein. The name derives from Lichtenstein Castle in so ...

''.

List of the most important Old Master painters

Madonna em Majestade dita Rucellai - Duccio

Gothic/Proto-Renaissance

Cimabue Cimabue (; ; – 1302), Translated with an introduction and notes by J.C. and P Bondanella. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford World’s Classics), 1991, pp. 7–14. . also known as Cenni di Pepo or Cenni di Pepi, was an Italian painter ...

(Italian, 1240–1302), frescoes in the

Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Basilica di San Francesco d'Assisi; la, Basilica Sancti Francisci Assisiensis) is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Order of Friars Minor Conventual in Assisi, a town in the Umbria region in cen ...

* Giotto di Bondone (Italian, 1267–1337), first Renaissance fresco painter *

Duccio Duccio di Buoninsegna ( , ; – ) was an Italian painter active in Siena, Tuscany, in the late 13th and early 14th century. He was hired throughout his life to complete many important works in government and religious buildings around Italy. Du ...

(Italian, 1255–1318), Sienese painter *

Simone Martini Simone Martini ( – 1344) was an Italian painter born in Siena. He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style. It is thought that Martini was a pupil ...

(Italian, 1285–1344), Gothic painter of the Sienese School *

Ambrogio Lorenzetti Ambrogio Lorenzetti (; – 9 June 1348) or Ambruogio Laurati was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active from approximately 1317 to 1348. He painted '' The Allegory of Good and Bad Government'' in the Sala dei Nove (Salon of Nin ...

(Italian, c. 1290–1348), Gothic painter *

Pietro Lorenzetti Pietro Lorenzetti (; – 1348) or Pietro Laurati was an Italian painter, active between c. 1306 and 1345. Together with his younger brother Ambrogio, he introduced naturalism into Sienese art. In their artistry and experiments with three-dimens ...

(Italian, c. 1280–1348), Sienese school *

Gentile da Fabriano Gentile da Fabriano ( – 1427) was an Italian painter known for his participation in the International Gothic painter style. He worked in various places in central Italy, mostly in Tuscany. His best-known works are his ''Adoration of the Magi'' ...

(Italian, 1370–1427), International gothic painter *

Lorenzo Monaco Lorenzo Monaco (1370 – 1425) was an Italian painter of the late Gothic to early Renaissance age. He was born Piero di Giovanni in Siena, Italy. Little is known about his youth, apart from the fact that he was apprenticed in Florence. He was inf ...

(Italian, 1370–1425), International gothic style * Masolino (Italian, c. 1383–c. 1447), Goldsmith trained painter *

Pisanello Pisanello (c. 1380/1395c. 1450/1455), born Antonio di Puccio Pisano or Antonio di Puccio da Cereto, also erroneously called Vittore Pisano by Giorgio Vasari, was one of the most distinguished painters of the early Italian Renaissance and Quattroc ...

(Italian, c. 1395–c. 1455), International gothic painter and medallist * Sassetta (Italian, c. 1392–1450), Sienese International Gothic painter

Early Renaissance

Paolo Uccello Paolo Uccello ( , ; 1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian (Florentine) painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. In his book ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, ...

(Italian, 1397–1475), schematic use of foreshortening *

Fra Angelico Fra Angelico (born Guido di Pietro; February 18, 1455) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Vasari in his '' Lives of the Artists'' as having "a rare and perfect talent".Giorgio Vasari, ''Lives of the Artists''. Pengu ...

(Italian, 1400–1455), noted for San Marco convent frescoes *

Masaccio Masaccio (, , ; December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was a Florentine artist who is regarded as the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. According to Vasar ...

(Italian, 1401–1428), first to use linear perspective thereby giving sense of three-dimensionality plus developed new realism *Fra

Filippo Lippi Filippo Lippi ( – 8 October 1469), also known as Lippo Lippi, was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento (15th century) and a Carmelite Priest. Biography Lippi was born in Florence in 1406 to Tommaso, a butcher, and his wife. He was or ...

(Italian, 1406–1469), father of Filippino *

Andrea del Castagno Andrea del Castagno () or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla (; – 19 August 1457) was an Italian painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone. His works include frescoes in Sant'Apollonia in Florence and the pain ...

(Italian, 1410–1457) *

Piero della Francesca Piero della Francesca (, also , ; – 12 October 1492), originally named Piero di Benedetto, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. To contemporaries he was also known as a mathematician and geometer. Nowadays Piero della Francesca ...

(Italian, 1415–1492), painter who pioneered linear perspective *

Benozzo Gozzoli Benozzo Gozzoli (4 October 1497) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. A pupil of Fra Angelico, Gozzoli is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions ...

(Italian, 1420–1497) * Alesso Baldovinetti (Italian, 1425–1499) *

Vincenzo Foppa Vincenzo Foppa ( – ) was an Italian painter from the Renaissance period. While few of his works survive, he was an esteemed and influential painter during his time and is considered the preeminent leader of the Early Lombard School. He spent hi ...

(Italian, 1425–1515) *

Antonello da Messina Antonello da Messina, properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antonio, but also called Antonello degli Antoni and Anglicized as Anthony of Messina ( 1430February 1479), was an Italian painter from Messina, active during the Early Italian Renaissance. ...

(Italian, 1430–1479), painter who pioneered oil painting * Cosimo Tura (Italian, 1430–1495) *

Andrea Mantegna Andrea Mantegna (, , ; September 13, 1506) was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in ord ...

(Italian, 1431–1506), master of perspective and detail * Antonio del Pollaiuolo (Italian, 1431–1498) * Francesco Cossa (Italian, 1435–1477) * Melozzo da Forli (Italian, 1438–1494) *

Luca Signorelli Luca Signorelli ( – 16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the ''Last Judgment'' (1499� ...

(Italian, 1441–1523) *

Perugino Pietro Perugino (, ; – 1523), born Pietro Vannucci, was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael was his most famous pupil. Ea ...

(Italian, c. 1446–1523), Raphael was his pupil *

Verrocchio Andrea del Verrocchio (, , ; – 1488), born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was a sculptor, Italian painter and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence. He apparently became known as ''Verrocchio'' after the su ...

(Italian, c. 1435–1488) *

Sandro Botticelli Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi ( – May 17, 1510), known as Sandro Botticelli (, ), was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century, when he was rediscovered ...

(Italian, c. 1445–1510), great Florentine master *

Domenico Ghirlandaio Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (, , ; 2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio, also spelled as Ghirlandajo, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence. Ghirlandaio was part of ...

(Italian, 1449–1494), prolific Florentine fresco painter *

Pinturicchio Pinturicchio, or Pintoricchio (, ; born Bernardino di Betto; 1454–1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter during the Renaissance. He acquired his nickname (meaning "little painter") because of his sma ...

(Italian, 1454–1513) *

Filippino Lippi Filippino Lippi (April 1457 – 18 April 1504) was an Italian painter working in Florence, Italy during the later years of the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance. Biography Filippino Lippi was born in Prato, Tu ...

(Italian, 1457–1504), son of Filippo *

Cima da Conegliano Giovanni Battista Cima, also called Cima da Conegliano (c. 1459 – c. 1517), was an Italian Renaissance painter, who mostly worked in Venice. He can be considered part of the Venetian school, though he was also influenced by Antonello da ...

(Italian, 1459–1517) *

Piero di Cosimo Piero di Cosimo (2 January 1462 – 12 April 1522), also known as Piero di Lorenzo, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. He is most famous for the mythological and allegorical subjects he painted in the late Quattrocento; he is said to ...

(Italian, 1462–1521)

High Renaissance

Francesco Francia __NOTOC__ Francesco Francia, whose real name was Francesco Raibolini (1447 – 5 January 1517) was an Italian painter, goldsmith, and medallist from Bologna, who was also director of the city mint.Levinson:492 He may have trained with Marco Zop ...

(Italian, 1450–1517) *

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, Drawing, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially re ...

(Italian, 1452–1519), acclaimed oil painter and draughtsman *

Lorenzo Costa Lorenzo Costa (1460 – 5 March 1535) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. Biography He was born at Ferrara, but moved to Bologna by his early twenties, and was probably influenced by the Bolognese School. However, many artists worked in ...

(Italian, 1460–1535) Michelangelo, ignudo 02

* Fra Bartolommeo (Italian, 1472–1517) *

Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was in ...

(Italian, 1475–1564), acclaimed sculptor, painter and architect *

Bernardino Luini Bernardino Luini (c. 1480/82 – June 1532) was a north Italian painter from Leonardo's circle during the High Renaissance. Both Luini and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio were said to have worked with Leonardo directly; he was described as havin ...

(Italian, c. 1480–1532) *

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...

(Italian, 1483–1520), acclaimed painter * Il Garofalo (Italian, 1481–1559) * Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (Italian, 1483–1561) *

Andrea del Sarto Andrea del Sarto (, , ; 16 July 1486 – 29 September 1530) was an List of Italian painters, Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, ...

(Italian; 1486–1530) *

Correggio Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – 5 March 1534), usually known as just Correggio (, also , , ), was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sens ...

(Italian, 1490–1534), painter from

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...

noted for illusionistic frescoes and altarpiece oils *

Giulio Romano Giulio Romano (, ; – 1 November 1546), is the acquired name of Giulio Pippi, who was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-ce ...

(Italian, c. 1499–1546)

Venetian School (Early Renaissance, High Renaissance and Mannerism)

* Domenico Veneziano (Italian, 1400–1461), Early Renaissance *

Jacopo Bellini Jacopo Bellini (c. 1400 – c. 1470) was one of the founders of the Renaissance style of painting in Venice and northern Italy. His sons Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, and his son-in-law Andrea Mantegna, were also famous painters. Few of Belli ...

(Italian, 1400–1470), Early Renaissance *

Gentile Bellini Gentile Bellini (c. 1429 – 23 February 1507) was an Italian painter of the school of Venice. He came from Venice's leading family of painters, and at least in the early part of his career was more highly regarded than his younger brother Giovan ...

(Italian, 1429–1507), Early Renaissance, noted for historical scenes of

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

and portraits of its

doge A doge ( , ; plural dogi or doges) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as "crowned republics". Etymology The ...

s *

Giovanni Bellini Giovanni Bellini (; c. 1430 – 26 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. He was raised in the household of Jacopo Bellini, formerly thought to have been his fath ...

(Italian, 1430–1516), Early and High Renaissance, pioneer of luminous oil painting *

Bartolommeo Vivarini Bartolomeo or Bartolommeo Vivarini (c. 1432c. 1499) was an Italian Renaissance painter, known to have worked from 1450 to 1499. Biography Bartolomeo's brother Antonio Vivarini, and his nephew (also possibly his pupil) Alvise Vivarini, were also ...

(Italian, 1432–1499), Early Renaissance *

Carlo Crivelli Carlo Crivelli (Venice, c. 1430 – Ascoli Piceno, c. 1495) was an Italian Renaissance painter of conservative Late Gothic decorative sensibility, who spent his early years in the Veneto, where he absorbed influences from the Vivarin ...

(Italian, 1435–1495), Early Renaissance * Alvise Vivarini (Italian, 1445–1503), Early Renaissance *

Vittore Carpaccio Vittore Carpaccio ( UK: /kɑːrˈpætʃ(i)oʊ/, US: /-ˈpɑːtʃ-/, Italian: itˈtoːre karˈpattʃo c. 1460/66 – 1525/26) was an Italian painter of the Venetian school who studied under Gentile Bellini. Carpaccio was largely influence ...

(Italian, 1455–1526), Early Renaissance *

Giorgione Giorgione (, , ; born Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco; 1477–78 or 1473–74 – 17 September 1510) was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quali ...

(Italian, 1477–1510), High Renaissance, pioneer of Venetian School of painting *

Titian Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (; 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian ( ), was an Italian (Venetian) painter of the Renaissance, considered the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, n ...

(Italian, c. 1488–1576), important High Renaissance-style exponent of colour painting in oils and frescoes * Palma Vecchio (Italian, 1480–1528), High Renaissance *

Lorenzo Lotto Lorenzo Lotto (c. 1480 – 1556/57) was an Italian painter, draughtsman, and illustrator, traditionally placed in the Venetian school, though much of his career was spent in other north Italian cities. He painted mainly altarpieces, religiou ...

(Italian, 1480–1556), High Renaissance *

Sebastiano del Piombo Sebastiano del Piombo (; c. 1485 – 21 June 1547) was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance and early Mannerist periods famous as the only major artist of the period to combine the colouring of the Venetian school in which he was trained w ...

(Italian, 1485–1547), High Renaissance *

Jacopo Bassano Jacopo Bassano (c. 1510 – 14 February 1592), known also as Jacopo dal Ponte, was an Italian painter who was born and died in Bassano del Grappa near Venice, and took the village as his surname. Trained in the workshop of his father, Francesco ...

(Italian, 1515–1592), Mannerist painter noted for portraiture and religious genre painting *

Tintoretto Tintoretto ( , , ; born Jacopo Robusti; late September or early October 1518Bernari and de Vecchi 1970, p. 83.31 May 1594) was an Italian painter identified with the Venetian school. His contemporaries both admired and criticized the speed wit ...

(Italian, 1518–1594), major Venetian Mannerist painter of monumental religious works * Domenico Beccafumi - The Annunciation - WGA01551

Paolo Veronese Paolo Caliari (152819 April 1588), known as Paolo Veronese ( , also , ), was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology, such as ''The Wedding at Cana'' (1563) and ''The ...

(Italian, c. 1528–1588), High Renaissance-style, one of Venice's leading colourists

Sienese School

Giovanni di Paolo Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia (''c.'' 1403–1482) was an Italian painter, working primarily in Siena, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts. He was one of the most important painters of the 15th ce ...

(Italian, 1403–1482), Early Renaissance * Matteo di Giovanni (Italian, 1430–1495), Early Renaissance * Francesco di Giorgio (Italian, 1439–1502), Early Renaissance * Il Sodoma (Italian, 1477–1549), High Renaissance *

Beccafumi Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486May 18, 1551) was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena. He is considered one of the last undiluted representatives of the Sienese school of painting. Biography Domenico was born ...

(Italian, 1486–1551), High Renaissance-Mannerist

Northern Renaissance

Robert Campin Robert Campin (c. 1375 – 26 April 1444), now usually identified with the Master of Flémalle (earlier the Master of the Merode Triptych, before the discovery of three other similar panels), was the first great master of Early Netherlandish paint ...

(Flemish, 1375–1444), Northern Renaissance artist who painted the " Mérode Altarpiece" * Jan van Eyck (Flemish, c. 1390–1441), pioneer oil painter *

Konrad Witz Konrad Witz (1400/1410 probably in Rottweil, Germany – winter 1445/spring 1446 in Basel, in current day Switzerland) was a German painter, active mainly in Basel. His 1444 panel '' The Miraculous Draft of Fishes'' (a portion of a lost altarpie ...

(German, c. 1400–c. 1446) *

Rogier van der Weyden Rogier van der Weyden () or Roger de la Pasture (1399 or 140018 June 1464) was an Early Netherlandish painting, early Netherlandish painter whose surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs, altarpieces, and commissioned single and dip ...

(Flemish, 1400–1464), Dutch artist and leading religious panel painter *

Stefan Lochner Stefan Lochner (the ''Dombild Master'' or ''Master Stefan''; c. 1410 – late 1451) was a German painter working in the late International Gothic period. His paintings combine that era's tendency toward long flowing lines and brilliant colours ...

(German, c. 1410–1451), German painter of the Cologne School *

Petrus Christus Petrus Christus (; 1410/1420 – 1475/1476) was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges from 1444, where, along with Hans Memling, he became the leading painter after the death of Jan van Eyck. He was influenced by van Eyck and Rogier ...

(Flemish, c. 1410–c. 1476) *

Dirk Bouts Dieric Bouts (born c. 1415 – 6 May 1475) was an Early Netherlandish painter. Bouts may have studied under Rogier van der Weyden, and his work was influenced by van der Weyden and Jan van Eyck. He worked in Leuven from 1457 (or possibly earlier ...

(Flemish, 1420–1475) *

Simon Marmion Simon Marmion (c. 1425 – 24 or 25 December 1489) was a French and Burgundian Early Netherlandish painter of panels and illuminated manuscripts. Marmion lived and worked in what is now France but for most of his lifetime was part of the Duchy ...

(French, 1420–1489) * Meister Francke (German, fl. 1424–1435) *

Hans Memling Hans Memling (also spelled Memlinc; c. 1430 – 11 August 1494) was a painter active in Flanders, who worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting. He was born in the Middle Rhine region and probably spent his childhood in Mainz. H ...

(German born-Flemish, 1430–1494), Flemish artist of the Bruges School *

Martin Schongauer Martin Schongauer (c. 1450–53, Colmar – 2 February 1491, Breisach), also known as Martin Schön ("Martin beautiful") or Hübsch Martin ("pretty Martin") by his contemporaries, was an Alsatian engraver and painter. He was the most important ...

(German, 1430–1491) * Michael Pacher (Austrian 1435–1498) *

Hugo van der Goes Hugo van der Goes (c. 1430/1440 – 1482) was one of the most significant and original Flemish painters of the late 15th century. Van der Goes was an important painter of altarpieces as well as portraits. He introduced important innovations in pai ...

(Flemish, 1440–1483), oil painter from the Netherlands *

Hieronymus Bosch Hieronymus Bosch (, ; born Jheronimus van Aken ; – 9 August 1516) was a Dutch/ Netherlandish painter from Brabant. He is one of the most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school. His work, generally oil on o ...

(Flemish, 1450–1516) *

Gerard David Gerard David (c. 1460 – 13 August 1523) was an Early Netherlandish painter and manuscript illuminator known for his brilliant use of color. Only a bare outline of his life survives, although some facts are known. He may have been the Meester ...

(Flemish, 1450–1523) *

Geertgen tot Sint Jans Geertgen tot Sint Jans (c. 1465 – c. 1495), also known as Geertgen van Haarlem, Gerrit van Haarlem, Gerrit Gerritsz, Gheertgen, Geerrit, Gheerrit, or any other diminutive form of Gerald, was an Early Netherlandish painter from the northern Low ...

(Dutch, 1460–1490) *

Hans Holbein the Elder Hans Holbein the Elder ( , ; german: Hans Holbein der Ältere; – 1524) was a German painter. Life Holbein was born in free imperial city of Augsburg (Germany), and died in Issenheim, Alsace (now France). He belonged to a celebrated family ...

(German, 1460–1524) *

Quentin Matsys Quentin Matsys ( nl, Quinten Matsijs) (1466–1530) was a Flemish painter in the Early Netherlandish tradition. He was born in Leuven. There is a tradition alleging that he was trained as an ironsmith before becoming a painter. Matsys was acti ...

(Flemish, 1466–1530) *

Jan Mabuse Jan Gossaert (c. 1478 – 1 October 1532) was a French-speaking painter from the Low Countries also known as Jan Mabuse (the name he adopted from his birthplace, Maubeuge) or Jennyn van Hennegouwe ( Hainaut), as he called himself when he matr ...

(Flemish, 1470–1533) The Card Players sc1065

Matthias Grünewald Matthias Grünewald ( – 31 August 1528) was a German Renaissance painter of religious works who ignored Renaissance classicism to continue the style of late medieval Central European art into the 16th century. His first name is also given ...

(German, 1470–1528), noted for his intense expressionist religious paintings * Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528), greatest painter and printmaker of the Northern Renaissance * Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472–1553), leading German Renaissance painter *

Hans Burgkmair Hans Burgkmair the Elder (1473–1531) was a German painter and woodcut printmaker. Background Hans Burgkmair was born in Augsburg, the son of painter Thomas Burgkmair. His own son, Hans the Younger, later became a painter as well. From 1488, Bu ...

(German, 1473–1531) *

Jean Clouet Jean (or Janet) Clouet (1480–1541) was a miniaturist and painter who worked in France during the High Renaissance. He was the father of François Clouet. Biography The authentic presence of this artist at the French court is first mentioned ...

(French, 1475–1547) *

Albrecht Altdorfer Albrecht Altdorfer (12 February 1538) was a German painter, engraver and architect of the Renaissance working in Regensburg, Bavaria. Along with Lucas Cranach the Elder and Wolf Huber he is regarded to be the main representative of the Danube Sc ...

(German, 1480–1538), Danube School of painting *

Maitre de Moulins ''The Moulins Triptych'', c. 1498, oil on panel, Moulins Cathedral Jean Hey (or Jean Hay) ( fl. c. 1475 – c. 1505),Brigstocke 2001, p. 338 now generally identified with the artist formerly known as the Master of Moulins, was an Early Nethe ...

(French, fl. 1480) * Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484–1545), German Renaissance artist * Joachim Patenier (Flemish, 1485–1524), pioneer landscape painter of the Netherlandish Renaissance * Joos van Cleve (Flemish, 1485–1540) *

Bernard van Orley Bernard van Orley (between 1487 and 1491 – 6 January 1541), also called Barend or Barent van Orley, Bernaert van Orley or Barend van Brussel, was a versatile Flemish artist and representative of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, who w ...

(Flemish, 1488–1541) * Hans Springinklee (German, 1490–1540) *

Wolf Huber The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly u ...

(Austrian, 1490–1553) *

Lucas van Leyden Lucas van Leyden (1494 – 8 August 1533), also named either Lucas Hugensz or Lucas Jacobsz, was a Dutch painter and printmaker in engraving and woodcut. Lucas van Leyden was among the first Dutch exponents of genre painting and was a very ac ...

(Dutch, 1494–1533) * Jan van Scorel (Dutch, 1495–1562) * Hans Holbein the Younger (German, 1497–1543), one of the greatest portrait painters *

Georg Pencz Georg Pencz (c. 1500 – 11 October 1550) was a German engraver, painter and printmaker. Pencz was probably born in Westheim near Bad Windsheim/Franconia. He travelled to Nuremberg in 1523 and joined Albrecht Dürer’s atelier. Like Dürer, ...

(German, 1500–1550) *

Sebald Beham Sebald Beham (1500–1550) was a German painter and printmaker, mainly known for his very small engravings. Born in Nuremberg, he spent the later part of his career in Frankfurt. He was one of the most important of the " Little Masters", the group ...

(German, 1500–1550) *

Barthel Beham Barthel Beham (or Bartel)With manother variants/ref> (1502–1540) was a German engraver, miniaturist, and painter. Biography The younger brother of Hans Sebald Beham, he was born into a family of artists in Nuremberg. Learning his art from hi ...

(German, 1502–1540) *

Lucas Cranach the Younger Lucas Cranach the Younger (german: Lucas Cranach der Jüngere ; October 4, 1515 – January 25, 1586) was a German Renaissance painter and portraitist, the son of Lucas Cranach the Elder and brother of Hans Cranach. Life and career Lucas Cranach ...

(German, 1515–1586) *

Pieter Bruegel the Elder Pieter Bruegel (also Brueghel or Breughel) the Elder (, ; ; – 9 September 1569) was the most significant artist of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, a painter and printmaking, printmaker, known for his landscape art, landscapes and peas ...

(Flemish, c.1525–1569), leading artist of his day *

Egidius Sadeler Aegidius Sadeler or Aegidius Sadeler II (1570–1629) was a Flemish engraver who was principally active at the Prague court of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor and his successors. Life Sadeler was born in Antwerp in the Sadeler family of print deale ...

(Flemish, 1570–1629)

Spanish Renaissance

Bartolomé Bermejo Bartolomé Bermejo ( 1440 – c.1501) was a Spanish painter who adopted Flemish painting techniques and conventions. Born in Cordoba, he is known for his work in the Crown of Aragon, including the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of V ...

(Spanish, c. 1440–c. 1501) *

Alonso Berruguete Alonso González de Berruguete (Alonso Berruguete) (c. 1488 – 1561) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and architect. He is considered to be the most important sculptor of the Spanish Renaissance, and is known for his emotive sculptures depict ...

(Spanish, c. 1488–1561) *

Luis de Morales Luis de Morales (1509 – 9 May 1586) was a Spanish painter active during the Spanish Renaissance in the 16th century. Known as "El Divino", most of his work was of religious subjects, including many representations of the Madonna and Child a ...

(Spanish, 1512–1586) * Alonso Sánchez Coello (Spanish-Portuguese, 1531–1588) *

El Greco Domḗnikos Theotokópoulos ( el, Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος ; 1 October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco ("The Greek"), was a Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. "El ...

(Greek-born Spanish, 1541–1614), noted for his dazzling spiritual works and portraits

Mannerism

Dosso Dossi Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, better known as Dosso Dossi ( 1489–1542), was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Ti ...

(Italian, 1479–1542) * Alfonso Lombardi (Italian, 1487–1537) * Bartolommeo Bandinelli (Italian, 1493–1560) *

Pontormo Jacopo Carucci (May 24, 1494 – January 2, 1557), usually known as ''Jacopo da Pontormo'', ''Jacopo Pontormo'', or simply Pontormo, was an Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine School. His work represents a profound sty ...

(Italian, 1494–1556), Florentine fresco/oil painter *

Rosso Fiorentino Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 in Gregorian style, or 1494 according to the calculation of times in Florence where the year began on 25 March – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "Red Florentine" in Italian) ...

(Italian, 1494–1540) *

Maarten van Heemskerck Maarten van Heemskerck or ''Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen'' (1 June 1498 - 1 October 1574) was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan van Scorel, and adopted his teacher's Ita ...

(Dutch, 1498–1574) *

Alessandro Moretto Alessandro Bonvicino (also Buonvicino) (possibly 22 December 1554), more commonly known as Moretto, or in Italian Il Moretto da Brescia (the Moor of Brescia), was an Italian Renaissance painter from Brescia, where he also mostly worked. His ...

(Italian, 1498–1555) *

Giulio Clovio Giorgio Giulio Clovio or Juraj Julije Klović (1498 – 5 January 1578) was an illuminator, miniaturist, and painter born in the Kingdom of Croatia, who was mostly active in Renaissance Italy. He is considered the greatest illuminator of the It ...

(Croatian-born Italian, 1498–1578) * Niccolo Tribolo (Italian, 1500–1550) *

Parmigianino Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (11 January 150324 August 1540), also known as Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly, as Parmigianino (, , ; "the little one from Parma"), was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, B ...

(Italian, 1503–1540), Mannerist painter/etcher from Parma *

Bronzino Agnolo di Cosimo (; 17 November 150323 November 1572), usually known as Bronzino ( it, Il Bronzino ) or Agnolo Bronzino, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence. His sobriquet, ''Bronzino'', may refer to his relatively dark skin or red ...

(Italian, 1503–1572) * Jacob Seisenegger (Austrian, 1505–1567) *

Pieter Aertsen Pieter Aertsen (1508 – 2 June 1575), called ''Lange Piet'' ("Tall Pete") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still lif ...

(Dutch, 1508–1575) *

François Clouet François Clouet (c. 1510 – 22 December 1572), son of Jean Clouet, was a French Renaissance miniaturist and painter, particularly known for his detailed portraits of the French ruling family. Historical references François Clouet was born ...

(French 1510–1572) *

Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (, also , ; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance Master, who worked as a painter, architect, engineer, writer, and historian, who is best known for his work '' The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculp ...

(Italian, 1511–1575), known for his ''

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects ''The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'' ( it, Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori), often simply known as ''The Lives'' ( it, Le Vite), is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-ce ...

'' *

Antonio Moro Anthonis Mor, also known as Anthonis Mor van Dashorst and Antonio Moro (c. 1517 – 1577), was a Netherlandish portrait painter, much in demand by the courts of Europe. He has also been referred to as Antoon, Anthonius, Anthonis or Mor van Dashor ...

(Flemish, 1519–1576) 1567 Aertsen Marktfrau am Gemuesestand anagoria

*Giovanni Battista Moroni (Italian, 1525–1578) *Federico Barocci (Italian, 1526–1612) *Giuseppe Arcimboldo (Italian, 1527–1593), best known for his bizarre Mannerist fruit and vegetable portraits *Giambologna (Italian, 1529–1608), hugely influential Mannerist sculptor *Denis Calvaert (Flemish, 1540–1619) *Scipione Pulzone (Italian, 1542–1598) *Bartholomeus Spranger (Flemish, 1546–1611) *Karel van Mander (Flemish, 1548–1606) *Abraham Bloemaert (Dutch, 1566–1651) *Joachim Wtewael (Dutch, 1566–1638) *Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578–1610), influential German landscape and history painter who influenced Rubens

Baroque painting

*Antonio Tempesta (Italian, 1555–1630) *Ludovico Carracci (Italian, 1555–1619) *Bartolomeo Cesi (Italian, 1556–1629) *Agostino Carracci (Italian, 1557–1602) *Lodovico Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613) *Bartolomeo Carducci (Italian, 1560–1610) *Annibale Carracci (Italian, 1560–1609), leader of the academism *Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563–1639) *Hans Rottenhammer (German, 1564–1625) *Pieter Brueghel the Younger (Flemish, 1564–1636) *Francisco Pacheco (Spanish, 1564–1654) 'Equestrian Portrait of the George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham'

'Equestrian Portrait of the George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham'

*Francisco Ribalta (Spanish, 1565–1628) *Jan Brueghel the Elder (Flemish, 1568–1625) *Juan Martínez Montañés (Spanish, 1568–1649) *Caravaggio (Italian, 1573–1610), noted for his figurative realism and Tenebrism *Guido Reni (Italian, 1575–1642) *Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640), foremost Baroque history painter and portraitist *Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578–1610) *Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581–1644) *Juan Bautista Maíno (Spanish, 1581–1649) *Johann Liss (German, 1590–1631) *Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591– 1652), Naples-based religious realist painter and printmaker *Guercino (Italian, 1591–1666) *Artemisia Gentileschi (Italian, 1592–1656) *Georges de La Tour (French, 1593–1652) *Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593–1678) *Louis Le Nain (French, 1593–1648) *Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594–1665), main classical artist of his time *Pietro da Cortona (Italian, 1596–1669), painter and architect *Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish, 1598–1664), master of chiaroscuro known for his religious paintings and still lifes *Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680), the dominant sculptor and architect of the era *Antoine Le Nain (French, 1599–1648) *Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599–1641), portraitist living in London *Diego Velázquez (Spanish, 1599–1660), regarded as the greatest artist of the Spanish Golden Age *Claude Lorrain (French, 1600–1682), landscape artist *Alonso Cano (Spanish, 1601–1667) *Jan Brueghel the Younger (Flemish, 1601–1678) *Mathieu Le Nain (French, 1607–1677) *Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (Italian, 1609–1664) *Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo (Spanish, c. 1612–1667) *Mattia Preti (Italian, 1613–1699) *Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1613–1673) *Juan Carreño de Miranda (Spanish, 1614–1685) *Carlo Dolci (Italian, 1616–1686) *Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617–1682), one of the most influential religious painters *Charles Le Brun (French, 1619–1690), leading painter in the court of Louis XIV *Juan de Valdés Leal (Spanish, 1622–1690) *Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628–1688) *Luca Giordano (Italian, 1634–1705)

Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting

*Roelant Savery (Flemish, 1576–1639) *Frans Snyders (Flemish, 1578–1657), master of Baroque still life from the Antwerp School *Frans Hals (Flemish-born Dutch, 1580–1666), one of the greatest post-Renaissance portraitists *Pieter Lastman (Dutch, 1583–1633) *Hendrick Terbrugghen (Dutch, 1588–1629), Dutch Realist genre painter and a leading member of the Utrecht Caravaggisti *Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1590–1636) *Dirck van Baburen (Dutch, 1595–1624) *Matthias Stom (Dutch, 1600–1652) *Adriaen Brouwer (Flemish, c. 1605–1638), noted for his tavern-based genre paintings *Rembrandt, Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669), history painting, portraits, etchings *Jan Lievens (Dutch, 1607–1674) *Jacob Adriaensz Backer (Dutch, 1608–1651) *Ferdinand Bol (Dutch, 1616–1680) Frans Hals - Yonker Ramp and his Sweetheart - WGA11071

Frans Hals - Yonker Ramp and his Sweetheart - WGA11071

*Jan Havickszoon Steen (Dutch, 1625–1679), Leiden School, tavern genre scenes *Jan Davidsz de Heem (Dutch, 1609–1683), still-life artist of the Utrecht/Antwerp School *David Teniers the Younger (Flemish, 1610–1690), Dutch Realist known for his peasant/guardroom scenes *Adriaen van Ostade (Dutch, 1610–1685), peasant scene artist of the Haarlem School *Govert Flinck (Dutch, 1615–1660) *Gerrit Dou (Dutch, 1613–1675) *Frans van Mieris the Elder (Dutch, 1635–1681) *Gerard Terborch (Dutch, 1617–1681), Haarlem School genre painter *Willem Kalf (Dutch, 1619–1693), noted for still-life pictures *Aelbert Cuyp (Dutch, 1620–1691), Dordrecht School landscape painter *Samuel van Hoogstraten (Dutch, 1627–1678), genre painter *Jan de Bray (Dutch, 1627–1697) *Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628–1682), Haarlem School landscape artist *Gabriel Metsu (Dutch, 1629–1667), intimate small-scale genre scenes *Pieter de Hooch (Dutch, 1629–1683), Delft School of Dutch genre painting *Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675), Delft School Dutch genre painter, little-known in his own lifetime *Meindert Hobbema (Dutch, 1638–1709) *Aert de Gelder (Dutch, 1645–1727) *Adriaen van der Werff (Dutch, 1659–1722) *Rachel Ruysch (Dutch, 1664–1750), important female flower painter from Amsterdam

Rococo

Capitulaciones de boda y baile campestre (Watteau)

*Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682–1754), master of the fresco *Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684–1721), author of the first ''fête galante'' *Giovan Battista Pittoni (Italian, 1687–1767), known for sacred families and children *Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1691–1770), known for his frescoes, as in Würzburg Residence *Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (French, 1699–1779), important 18th-century still-life artist *François Boucher (French, 1703–1770), noted for female nudes *Charles-André van Loo (French, 1705– 1765) painter of portraiture, religion, mythology, allegory, and genre scenes. *Pompeo Batoni (Italian, 1708–1787) *Martin Johann Schmidt (Austrian, 1718–1801), important 18th-century Austrian Late Baroque painter *Jean-Baptiste Greuze (French, 1725–1805), important 18th-century painter *François-Hubert Drouais (French, 1727– 1775) French portraitist to the royal family, King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leczinska, and members of the nobility *Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French, 1732–1806) *Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (French, 1755–1842), later Neoclassical

British

*Nicholas Hilliard (English, c. 1547–1619), goldsmith, limner, and painter best known for his portrait miniatures of Elizabethan era, Elizabethan nobility *William Dobson (English, 1611–1646) *John Michael Wright (English-Scottish, c. 1617–1694) *Peter Lely (Dutch-born English, 1618–1680) *Godfrey Kneller (English, 1646–1723) *James Thornhill (English, c. 1675–1734) *William Hogarth (English, 1697–1764) *Allan Ramsay (artist), Allan Ramsay (Scottish, 1713–1784) *Joshua Reynolds (English, 1723–1792) *Thomas Gainsborough (English, 1727–1788) *Joseph Wright of Derby (English, 1734–1797) *George Romney (painter), George Romney (English, 1734–1802) * Bernardo Bellotto - Architectural Caprice with a Palace - Google Art Project

Bernardo Bellotto - Architectural Caprice with a Palace - Google Art Project

John Opie (English, 1761–1807) *Thomas Lawrence (English, 1769–1830)

Vedutism

*Canaletto (Italian, 1697–1768), famous for ''vedutas'' of Venice * Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691–1765) *Francesco Zuccarelli (Italian, 1702–1789), known for Arcadian landscapes *Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793), view painter of Venice School *Giambattista Piranesi (Italian, 1720–1778) *Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1720–1780), Canaletto's nephew depicting Warsaw

Neoclassicism

*Anton Raphael Mengs (German, 1728–1779), friend of Johann Joachim Winckelmann *Johann Zoffany (German, 1733–1810) *Benjamin West (American-born British, 1738–1820) *Angelica Kauffman (Swiss-born, 1741–1807) *Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748–1825), chief artist of the French Revolution and Napoleon *Antoine-Jean Gros (French, 1771–1835), pupil of Jacques-Louis David *Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (French, 1780–1867)

Romanticism

*Hubert Robert (French, 1733–1808), painter noted for picturesque depictions of ruins *Francisco Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828) *Henry Raeburn (Scottish, 1756–1823) *William Blake (British, 1757–1827), symbolist religious painter, printmaker and book illustrator *Caspar David Friedrich (German, 1774–1840) *J. M. W. Turner (English, 1775–1851) *

(English, 1776–1837) *Théodore Géricault (French, 1791–1824) *

(French, 1798–1863)

References

{{Reflist

External links

Why do we still pay attention to Old Masters paintings
a conversation between Keith Christiansen is the John Pope-Hennessy Chairman of the Department of European Paintings at New York's Metropolitan Museum and The Easel's Morgan Meis, Contributing Editor of The Easel. Paintings by movement or period Art history Gothic painters, Renaissance painters, Mannerist painters, Baroque painters, Rococo painters, Neoclassical painters, Romantic painters, Classical art