This is a list of conflicts in the

Near East The ''Near East''; he, המזרח הקרוב; arc, ܕܢܚܐ ܩܪܒ; fa, خاور نزدیک, Xāvar-e nazdik; tr, Yakın Doğu is a geographical term which roughly encompasses a transcontinental region in Western Asia, that was once the hist ...

arranged; first, chronologically from the

epipaleolithic In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age. Mesolithic also falls between these two periods, and the two are someti ...

until the end of the

late modern period In many periodizations of human history, the late modern period followed the early modern period. It began approximately around the year 1800 and depending on the author either ended with the beginning of contemporary history after World War ...

( – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north). This list includes most present-day sovereign states (some of which may be disputed) beginning eastward from West and

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

Asia (the Republic of Iraq,

State of Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...

, and Islamic republics of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan),

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

(the

Syrian Arab Republic Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

and

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levan ...

), Transcaucasia (the republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia,

Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

, Artsakh, and South Ossetia), Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (the

Republic of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate ...

(the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Ara ...

, State of Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman, and

Republic of Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast and sha ...

), Levant (the

Lebanese Republic Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lie ...

, Republic of Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and the states of Israel and

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

), Northeast Africa (the

Arab Republic of Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

and Republic of the Sudan), and Northwest Africa (the

State of Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan ...

Republic of Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria,

Kingdom of Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and Islamic Republic of Mauritania). Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and

naval A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and ...

) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the " Middle East" (or the " Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an

operation Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Ma ...

of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared,

colonial Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 a ...

, proxy,

liberation Liberation or liberate may refer to: Film and television * ''Liberation'' (film series), a 1970–1971 series about the Great Patriotic War * "Liberation" (''The Flash''), a TV episode * "Liberation" (''K-9''), an episode Gaming * '' Liberati ...

, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts,

spree killing A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders or homicides in a short time, in multiple locations. The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics defines a spree killing as "killings at two or more locations wit ...

s, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups,

assassination Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...

s, regicides,

riot A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targete ...

rebellion Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

s, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of

succession Succession is the act or process of following in order or sequence. Governance and politics *Order of succession, in politics, the ascension to power by one ruler, official, or monarch after the death, resignation, or removal from office of ...

and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and

ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal, extermination, deportation or population transfer ...

/ genocide.

Ancient times

Bronze Age

Egypt

* Early Dynastic Period of Egypt **c. 3100 BC Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt *

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when ancient Egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom. The concept of a "Second Intermediate Period" was coined in 1942 b ...

**1580–1550 BC Hyksos-

Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theba ...

wars in

Lower Egypt Lower Egypt ( ar, مصر السفلى '; ) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur. Historically, ...

New Kingdom of Egypt The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the sixteenth century BC and the eleventh century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasties of Egypt. Radioca ...

***1550/1549-1531 BC Conquest of Hyksos-ruled

by Ahmose I of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt ***c.1537 BCE Ahmose I's campaigns to Syria and Nubia. ***16 April 1457 BCE Battle of Megiddo – a battle between Ancient Egyptian forces under the pharaoh Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition. *** Battle of Kadesh, fought in May 1247 BCE between Ramses II and the Hittite Empire.

Mesopotamia

Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia The Early Dynastic period (abbreviated ED period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to c. 2900–2350 BC and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods. It saw the development of ...

**c. 2500 BC Enmebaragesi of Kish subdued

Elam Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretc ...

**c. 2500 BC Aga of Kish, the son of Enmebaragesi of Kish, besieged Uruk **c. 2500 BC Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta **c. 2500 BC Dumuzid of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed **c. 2500 BC

Enshakushanna Enshakushanna ( sux, , ), or Enshagsagana, En-shag-kush-ana, Enukduanna, En-Shakansha-Ana, En-šakušuana was a king of Uruk around the mid-3rd millennium BC who is named on the ''Sumerian King List'', which states his reign to have been 60 years ...

of Uruk conquered Hamazi,

Akkad Akkad may refer to: *Akkad (city), the capital of the Akkadian Empire *Akkadian Empire, the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia *Akkad SC, Iraqi football club People with the name *Abbas el-Akkad, Egyptian writer *Abdulrahman Akkad, Syrian LGBT act ...

, Kish, and

Nippur Nippur (Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Nibru'', often logogram, logographically recorded as , EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;"The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory': Vol. 1, Part 1. Accessed 15 Dec 2010. Akkadian language, Akkadian: '' ...

, claiming hegemony over all of

Sumer Sumer () is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. It is one of the cradles of c ...

was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash for a time **c. 2500 BC Eannatum of Lagash conquered all of

, including Ur,

Akshak Akshak ( Sumerian: , akšak) was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi (Greek Opis). History Akshak first appears in records of ca. 2500 BC. In the Sumerian text ''Dumuzid's ...

, Larsa, and Uruk (controlled by

) **c. 2500 BC

En-anna-tum I Enannatum I ( sux, , ), son of Akurgal, succeeded his brother E-anna-tum as '' Ensi'' (ruler, king) of Lagash. During his rule, Umma once more asserted independence under its ensi Ur-Lumma, who attacked Lagash unsuccessfully. After several ba ...

of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of Umma **c. 2500 BC Entemena of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna) **c. 2500 BC

Lugal-Anne-Mundu Lugal-Anne-Mundu ( sux, , , ca. 24th century BC) was the most important king of the city-state of Adab in Sumer. The ''Sumerian king list'' claims he reigned for 90 years, following the defeat of Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II, son of Nanni, of Ur. Th ...

of Adab subjected the "Four-Quarters" of the world – i.e., the entire Fertile Crescent region, from the Mediterranean to the Zagros Mountains **c. 2355 BC – 2334 BC ( middle chronology) Lugal-zage-si of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states – including Kish, where he overthrew

Ur-Zababa Ur-Zababa is listed on the ''Sumerian King List'' as the second king of the 4th Dynasty of Kish. This text also records that Ur-Zababa had appointed Sargon of Akkad as his cup-bearer. Sargon was later the ruler of the Akkadian Empire. Family A ...

; Lagash, where he overthrew Urukagina; Ur,

, and Larsa; as well as Uruk *

Akkadian Period The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one r ...

**c. 2334 – 2270 BC

Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad (; akk, ''Šarrugi''), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.The date of the reign of Sargon is highl ...

established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and

***Conquest of

***c. 2271 BC

Battle of Uruk Sargon of Akkad (; akk, ''Šarrugi''), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.The date of the reign of Sargon is highl ...

***

and Canaan campaigns ***

Akkadian Akkadian or Accadian may refer to: * Akkadians, inhabitants of the Akkadian Empire * Akkadian language, an extinct Eastern Semitic language * Akkadian literature, literature in this language * Akkadian cuneiform Cuneiform is a logo- syllabi ...

conquest of Ebla ***Magan revolt *** Lullubi campaign of Naram-sin * Gutian period **c. 2193 – c. 2123 BC Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire **c. 2123 BC – 2112 BC After defeating the Gutian ruler Tirigan in

with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of

Ur III period The Third Dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire, refers to a 22nd to 21st century BC (middle chronology) Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state which some historians consider t ...

**c. 2112 BC – 2094 BC (

Short chronology The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Historical inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers: "in the year X of king Y". Com ...

) Ur-Nammu of Ur conquered Lagash **c. 2004 BC (

) Elamite Sack of Ur * Isin-Larsa period **c. 1830 BC – 1817 BC (

) The Amorite chieftain

Sumu-abum Sumu-Abum (also Su-abu) was an Amorite, and the first King of the First Dynasty of Babylon (the ''Amorite Dynasty''). He reigned between 1830–1817 BC (short chronology) or between 1897–1883 BC (middle chronology). He freed a small area of land ...

won independence from the city-state

Kazallu Kazalla or Kazallu is the name given in Akkadian sources to a city in the ancient Near East whose locations is unknown. Its god is Numushda. History Under its king Kashtubila, Kazalla warred against Sargon of Akkad in the 24th or 23rd century BC. S ...

**c. 1752 BC – 1730 BC (

)

Damiq-ilishu 'Damiq-ilīšu, ( akk, 𒁕𒈪𒅅𒉌𒉌𒋗, ), c. 1752 – 1730 BC (short chronology) or c. 1816 – 1794 BC (middle chronology) was the 15th and final king of Isin. He succeeded his father Sîn-māgir and reigned for 23 years.CBS 19797, pu ...

Isin Isin (, modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. Excavations have shown that it was an important city-state in the past. History of archaeological research Ishan al-Bahriyat was visited b ...

, the last king mentioned in the ''

Sumerian King List The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient literary composition written in Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and king ...

'', is defeated by Sin-Muballit of

Babylon ''Bābili(m)'' * sux, 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 * arc, 𐡁𐡁𐡋 ''Bāḇel'' * syc, ܒܒܠ ''Bāḇel'' * grc-gre, Βαβυλών ''Babylṓn'' * he, בָּבֶל ''Bāvel'' * peo, 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢 ''Bābiru'' * elx, 𒀸𒁀𒉿𒇷 ''Babi ...

* Old Babylonian period **c. 1792 BC – 1750 BC (

) Hammurabi of

extended

's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms * Kassite dynasty **c. 1595 BC

Fall of Babylon The Fall of Babylon denotes the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire after it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BCE. Nabonidus (Nabû-na'id, 556–539 BCE), son of the Assyrian priestess Adda-Guppi, came to the throne in 556 BCE, afte ...

**c. 1507 BC (

) Kassite attacks on

Levant

*c. 2492 BC Battle between Haik and Nimrod *c. 2300 BC Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War **c. 2300 BC

Battle of Terqa A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

*c. 2000 BC

Battle of Siddim The Battle of the Vale of Siddim, also often called the War of Nine Kings or the Slaughter of Chedorlaomer, is an event in the Hebrew Bible book of that occurs in the days of Abram and Lot. The Vale of Siddim was the battleground for the cities ...

*c. 1900 BC Qatna-Yamhad conflict *c. 1770 BC Yamhad kingdom conquests *c. 1650 BC - 1600 BC Hittite-Syrian Wars * Israelite Campaigns **

Early Israelite campaigns The Book of Joshua ( he, סֵפֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ', Tiberian: ''Sēp̄er Yŏhōšūaʿ'') is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israe ...

***1400 BC

Battle of Ai AI most frequently refers to artificial intelligence, which is intelligence demonstrated by machines. Ai, AI or A.I. may also refer to: Animals * Ai (chimpanzee), an individual experimental subject in Japan * Ai (sloth) or the pale-throated sl ...

(legendary) *** Battle of Hazor (legendary) *** Battle of Jericho (legendary) *** Lachish ***

Battle of the Waters of Merom According to Joshua 11 in the Hebrew Bible, the Battle of the Waters of Merom was a battle between the Israelites and a coalition of Canaanite city-states near the Waters of Merom. Archaeologist Nadav Na'aman has suggested that this battle may nev ...

(legendary) *c. 14th century BC "Syrian Wars" *c. 1247 BC Battle of Kadesh

Anatolia

*c. 1650 BC – 1600 BC Conquests of Hattusili I and Mursili I *c. 1430 BC – 1350 BC Kaska invasions of

Hatti Hatti may refer to *Hatti (; Assyrian ) in Bronze Age Anatolia: **the area of Hattusa, roughly delimited by the Halys bend **the Hattians of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC **the Hittites of ''ca'' 1400–1200 BC **the areas to the west of the Euphrat ...

Early Iron Age

''Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period'' * Ancient Egypt conflicts **1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II campaigns in the Near East *** First Syrian campaign *** Second Syrian campaign ****1274 BC Battle of Kadesh *** Third Syrian campaign ** Third Intermediate Period of Egypt ***925 BC Sack of Jerusalem ***727 BC Kushite Invasion to Egypt ***609 BC Battle of Megiddo – a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and the Kingdom of Judah * Ancient Anatolia conflicts **1260 BC – 1240 BC Trojan War * Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts **

Kassite period The Kassites () were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon ...

***c. 1232 BC – 1225 BC (

) Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria defeated

Kashtiliash IV Kaštiliašu IV was the twenty-eighth Kassite king of Babylon and the kingdom contemporarily known as Kar-Duniaš, c. 1232–1225 BC ( short chronology). He succeeded Šagarakti-Šuriaš, who could have been his father, ruled for eight years,Ki ...

, the Kassite king of

and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full Assyrian supremacy over Mesopotamia ***c. 1157 BC – 1155 BC (

)

Enlil-nadin-ahi Enlil-nādin-aḫe,Written contemporarily as dEN.LÍL-MU-ŠEŠ. “Enlil gives a brother,”CAD a, aḫu, p. 195. or ''Enlil-šuma-uṣur'', “Enlil protect the son,”CAD s3, šumu, p. 295. depending on the reading of –MU- ŠEŠ, ca. 1157—11 ...

, the final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over

, was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte of

, the successor of

Shutruk-Nakhunte Šutruk-Nakhunte was king of Elam from about 1184 to 1155 BC (middle chronology), and the second king of the Shutrukid Dynasty. Elam amassed an empire that included most of Mesopotamia and western Iran. Under his command, Elam defeated the ...

** Fourth Babylonian Dynasty ***c. 1125 BC – 1104 BC (

) Nebuchadnezzar I of

's War with Elam * Israelite Campaigns **Later Israelite Campaigns ***1000 BC

Siege of Jebus The siege of Jebus is described in passages of the Hebrew Bible as having occurred when the Israelites, led by King David, besieged and conquered the Canaanite city of Jerusalem, then known as ''Jebus'' (, , ). The Israelites gained access to the ...

* Assyrian campaigns **853 BC Battle of Qarqar **721 BC Assyrian conquest of Israel **Second Assyrian invasion to Southern Levant ***701 BC Siege of Lachish ***701 BC Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib **693 BC

Battle of Diyala River The Battle of Diyala River took place in 693 BC between the forces of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the Elamites of southern Iran. Assyrian expansion From the 9th century BC onwards, the Assyrians had been expanding their domain from northern Mes ...

(Pyrrhic Assyrian victory) **693 BC Siege of Babylon **626 BC Revolt of Babylon (Decisive

Babylonia Babylonia (; Akkadian: , ''māt Akkadī'') was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria). It emerged as an Amorite-ruled state c. ...

n victory; eviction of Assyrian troops) * Neo-Babylonian campaigns **612 BC Battle of Nineveh **605 BC

Battle of Carchemish The Battle of Carchemish was fought about 605 BC between the armies of Egypt allied with the remnants of the army of the former Assyrian Empire against the armies of Babylonia, allied with the Medes, Persians, and Scythians. This was while Nebuc ...

– a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and Assyrian allies against the Neo-Babylonian Empire **

Jewish–Babylonian war Judah's revolts against Babylon (601–586 BCE) were attempts by the Kingdom of Judah to escape dominance by the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Resulting in a Babylonian victory and the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, it marked the beginning of t ...

***597 BC Siege of Jerusalem by

Nebuchadnezzar II Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonian cuneiform: ''Nabû-kudurri-uṣur'', meaning "Nabu, watch over my heir"; Biblical Hebrew: ''Nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar''), also spelled Nebuchadrezzar II, was the second king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling ...

***587 BC Siege of Jerusalem by

* Median campaigns **28 May 585 BC

Battle of Halys The Battle of Halys (also known as the Battle of Halys River) took place in 82 BC, during the Second Mithridatic War. Roman general Lucius Licinius Murena became very overconfident while campaigning against Pontus and ignored orders to cease ...

* Achaemenid conquests of

Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia (; peo, 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Under his rule, the empire embraced ...

**552 BC

Persian Revolt The Persian Revolt was a campaign led by Cyrus the Great in which the province of ancient Persis, which had been under Median rule, declared its independence and fought a successful revolution, separating from the Median Empire. Cyrus and the Pe ...

**552 BC

Battle of Hyrba The Battle of Hyrba was the first battle between the Persians and Medians, taking place around 552 BC. It was also the first battle after the Persians had revolted. These actions were led (for the most part) by Cyrus the Great, as he shifted the ...

**551 BC Battle of the Persian Border **550 BC Battle of

Pasargadae Pasargadae (from Old Persian ''Pāθra-gadā'', "protective club" or "strong club"; Modern Persian: ''Pāsārgād'') was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great (559–530 BC), who ordered its construction and the location of ...

**547 BC Battle of Pteria **547 BC

Battle of Thymbra The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. Cyrus, after he had pursued Croesus into Lydia after the drawn Battle of Pteria, met the remains of Croe ...

**547 BC Siege of Sardis **539 BC Battle of Opis

Classical antiquity

Greco-Persian domination

* Ionian Revolt 499–493 BC * First Persian invasion of Greece 492–490 BC *Egyptian Revolt 486 BC * Second Persian invasion of Greece 480–478 BC *Wars of Delian League 477–449 BC * Wars of the Diadochi 322–275 BC *

Syrian Wars The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria, one of th ...

274–168 BC ** First Syrian War (274–271 BC) ** Second Syrian War (260–253 BC) ** Third Syrian War (246–241 BC) ** Fourth Syrian War (219–217 BC) ** Fifth Syrian War (202–195 BC) ** Sixth Syrian War (170–168 BC) * Seleucid–Parthian wars 238–129 BC * Roman–Syrian War 192–188 BC * Maccabean Revolt 167–160 BC

Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination

* Mithridatic Wars 88–63 BC ** First Mithridatic War 88–84 BC **

Second Mithridatic War The Second Mithridatic War (83–81 BC) was one of three wars fought between Pontus and the Roman Republic. This war was fought between King Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman general Lucius Licinius Murena. History At the conclusion of t ...

83–81 BC ** Third Mithridatic War 75–63 BC ***

Hasmonean Civil War The Hasmonean Civil War was a civil war between two claimants to the Hasmonean Jewish Crown. What began as an inter-Jewish conflict became a highly decisive conflict that included the Nabataean Kingdom and ended with Roman involvement. This conf ...

**** Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC) *

Roman–Parthian Wars The Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – 217 AD) were a series of conflicts between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. It was the first series of conflicts in what would be 682 years of Roman–Persian Wars. Battles ...

** Crassus invasion to Mesopotamia 53 BCE *** Battle of Carrhae ** Antony's Parthian War ***

Battle of Mount Gindarus The Battle of Mount Gindarus or battle of Cyrrhestica in 38 BC was a decisive victory for the Roman general Publius Ventidius Bassus over the Parthian army of Pacorus, son of King Orodes, in the Greater Syria district of Cyrrhestica. Prelude ...

*** Siege of Jerusalem 37 BC *** Antropatene campaign *** Armenian campaign ** Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 AD ** Battle of Nisibis (217) *

Aelius Gallus Gaius Aelius Gallus was a Roman prefect of Egypt from 26 to 24 BC. He is primarily known for a disastrous expedition he undertook to Arabia Felix (modern day Yemen) under orders of Augustus. Life Aelius Gallus was the 2nd ''praefect'' of Roman Eg ...

campaign in Arabia 24 BC * Alexandria pogroms 38 AD *

Jewish–Roman wars The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) were nati ...

66–136 AD ** Great Revolt of Judea 67–70 AD ** Kitos War 117–119 AD ** Bar Kokhba Revolt 132–136 AD * Roman-Sassanid Wars ** Battle of Antioch (218) ** Ardashir's raid of Mesopotamia 230–232 AD ** Ardashir's second raid of Mesopotamia 237–240 AD **

Battle of Resaena The Battle of Resaena or Resaina, near present-day Ceylanpınar, Turkey, was fought in 243 between the forces of the Roman Empire, led by the Emperor Gordian III and the Praetorian Prefect Timesitheus against the Sasanian Empire's forces durin ...

243 AD **

Battle of Misiche The Battle of Misiche (Greek: ), Mesiche (), or Massice ( pal, 𐭬𐭱𐭩𐭪 mšyk; xpr, 𐭌𐭔𐭉𐭊 mšyk) (dated between January 13 and March 14, 244 ) was fought between the Sasanians and the Romans in Misiche, Mesopotamia. Backgrou ...

244 AD ** Battle of Barbalissos ** Battle of Edessa 259 **

Siege of Singara The Battle of Singara was fought in 344 between Roman and Sasanian Persian forces. The Romans were led in person by Emperor Constantius II, while the Persian army was led by King Shapur II of Persia. It is the only one of the nine pitched batt ...

344 **

Siege of Amida Siege of Amida may refer to: *Siege of Amida (359) during the Persian–Roman wars * Siege of Amida (502–503) during the Persian–Roman wars See also *Ferret Music Ferret Music was an American independent record label turned Warner Music G ...

359 **

Battle of Ctesiphon (363) The Battle of Ctesiphon took place on 29 May 363 between the armies of Roman Emperor Julian and an army of the Sasanian Empire (during Shapur II's reign) outside the walls of the Persian capital Ctesiphon. The battle was a Roman victory, but ...

Battle of Samarra The Battle of Samarra took place in June 363, during the invasion of the Sasanian Empire by the Roman Emperor Julian. After marching his army to the gates of Ctesiphon and failing to take the city, Julian, realizing his army was low on provisio ...

363 AD *Uprising of Syrian Legion 232 AD * Palmyrene revolt 272 **

Battle of Immae The Battle of Immae was fought in 272 between the Roman army of Emperor Aurelian, and the armies of the Palmyrene Empire, whose leader, Queen Zenobia, had usurped Roman control over the eastern provinces. Background and prelude to war During ...

Battle of Emesa The Battle of Emesa was fought in 272 between the Roman armies led by their emperor Aurelian and the Palmyrene forces led by their queen, Zenobia and general Zabdas. Background Aurelian had started a campaign to reconquer the secessionist Pa ...

*Battle of Callinicum 296 * Jewish revolt against Gallus 351–352 *

Isauria Isauria ( or ; grc, Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated, district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surrou ...

rebellion of 404 * Byzantine–Sasanian wars 421–628 ** Roman–Sasanian War (421–422) **

Anastasian War The Anastasian War was fought from 502 to 506 between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire. It was the first major conflict between the two powers since 440, and would be the prelude to a long series of destructive conflicts between the tw ...

(502–506) ** Iberian War (526–532) ***

Battle of Callinicum The Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531 AD, between an army of the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius and a Sasanian cavalry force commanded by Azarethes. After being defeated at the Battle of Dara, the Sasanians move ...

531 ** Roman–Persian War of 572–591 **

Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the Byzantine–Sasanian wars, series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine / Roman Empire and the Sasanian Empire of Iran. The Byzantine–Sasani ...

***Antioch riots 610 ***

Battle of Antioch (613) The Battle of Antioch took place in 613 outside Antioch, Turkey between a Byzantine army led by Emperor Heraclius and a Persian Sassanid army under Generals (''spahbed'') Shahin and Shahrbaraz as part of the Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602– ...

***

Jewish revolt against Heraclius Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...

610-28 ****

Siege of Jerusalem (614) The Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem occurred after a brief siege of the city by the Sasanian military in 614 CE, and was a significant event in the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 that took place after the Sasanian king Khosrow II appoint ...

***

Shahin's invasion of Asia Minor (615) In 615, during the ongoing war with the Byzantine Empire, the Sasanian army under spahbod Shahin invaded Asia Minor and reached Chalcedon, across the Bosporus from Constantinople. It was at this point, according to Sebeos, that Heraclius had a ...

***

Sassanid conquest of Egypt The Sasanian conquest of Egypt took place between 618 and 621 CE, when the Sasanian Persian army defeated the Byzantine forces in Egypt and occupied the province. The fall of Alexandria, the capital of Roman Egypt, marked the first and most imp ...

618–621 *** Battle of Issus *** Byzantine assault on Persia 624-25 *** Siege of Constantinople (626) *** Third Perso-Turkic War *** Battle of Nineveh (627) * Samaritan Revolts **Samaritan revolt against Zeno 484 **Revolt against Anastasius I ** Third Samaritan revolt 529–531 **Fourth Samaritan Revolt 555–572 * Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528) * Nika riots in Constantinople 532 * Battle of Dhi Qar – tribal rebellion in Sasanian Persia

Medieval times

* Muslim conquests ** Ridda wars 632–633 **

Muslim conquest of the Levant The Muslim conquest of the Levant ( ar, فَتْحُ الشَّام, translit=Feth eş-Şâm), also known as the Rashidun conquest of Syria, occurred in the first half of the 7th century, shortly after the rise of Islam."Syria." Encyclopædia Br ...

*** Battle of Yarmouk 636 ** Arab conquest of Armenia ** Muslim conquest of Egypt **

Umayyad conquest of North Africa The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb ( ar, الْفَتْحُ الإسلَامِيُّ لِلْمَغرِب) continued the century of rapid Muslim conquests following the death of Muhammad in 632 and into the Byzantine-controlled territories of ...

** Muslim conquest of Persia *** First invasion of Mesopotamia *** Second invasion of Mesopotamia ****

Battle of al-Qādisiyyah The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah ( ar, مَعْرَكَة ٱلْقَادِسِيَّة, Maʿrakah al-Qādisīyah; fa, نبرد قادسیه, Nabard-e Qâdisiyeh) was an armed conflict which took place in 636 CE between the Rashidun Caliphate and the ...

*** Battle of Nahāvand *** Persian Rebellion 649-51 **Arab- Turgesh wars *** Day of Thirst in 724 *** Battle of the Defile in 731 ** Arab–Khazar wars *Abbasid Caliphate conflicts ** Abbasid revolt ***

Battle of the Zab The Battle of the Zab ( ar, معركة الزاب), also referred to in scholarly contexts as Battle of the Great Zāb River, took place on January 25, 750, on the banks of the Great Zab River in what is now the modern country of Iraq. It spel ...

750 **

Arab–Byzantine wars The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars between a number of Muslim Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. Conflict started during the initial Muslim conquests, under the expansionist Rashidun an ...

780–1180 *** Battle of Krasos 804/5 *** Battle of Anzen 838 *** Sack of Amorium 838 *** Sack of Damietta (853) *** Battle of Lalakaon 863 ***

John Kourkouas John Kourkouas ( gr, Ἰωάννης Κουρκούας, Ioannes Kourkouas, ), also transliterated as Kurkuas or Curcuas, was one of the most important generals of the Byzantine Empire. His success in battles against the Muslim states in the Ea ...

' campaigns **** First Melitene campaign and conquest of Kalikala 926–930 **** Second Malitene campaign 931–934 *** Sayf al-Dawla campaigns ****Conquest of Aleppo 944 **** Battle of Marash (953) **** Battle of Raban 958 **** Battle of Andrasos 960 ****Siege of Aleppo 962 ****Siege of Aleppo 964 ** Mudhar-Yamani conflict 793-96 *Byzantine-Paulician Wars ** Battle of Bathys Ryax 872 (878?) *Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th–9th centuries ** Behavarid revolt in Persia 8th century ** Babak's revolt 816-37 ***Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823-24 ***Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827-29 *** Afshin's campaign 835-837/838 ** Maziar revolt 839 * Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1048–1308 **

Battle of Manzikert The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and th ...

1071 * Nizari Ismaili uprising in Persia and Syria ** Nizari–Seljuk conflicts 1090–1194 * Crusades ** People's Crusade 1095–96 ** First Crusade 1099 *** Battle of Ascalon 1099 ***

Crusade of 1101 The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade. It is also called the Crusade of the Faint-Hearted due to the number of participants who joined this ...

***

Battle of Ager Sanguinis In the Battle of ''Ager Sanguinis'', also known as the Battle of the Field of Blood, the Battle of Sarmada, or the Battle of Balat, Roger of Salerno's Crusader army of the Principality of Antioch was annihilated by the army of Ilghazi of Mardin, ...

1119 *** Battle of Azaz 1125 **

Second Crusade The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusa ...

1145–49 ***

Battle of Inab The Battle of Inab, also called Battle of Ard al-Hâtim or Fons Muratus, was fought on 29 June 1149, during the Second Crusade. The Zengid army of Atabeg Nur ad-Din Zangi destroyed the combined army of Prince Raymond of Poitiers and the Assassi ...

1149 ** Baldwin's campaigns *** Siege of Ascalon (1153) ***

Crusader invasions of Egypt The Crusader invasions of Egypt (1163–1169) were a series of campaigns undertaken by the Kingdom of Jerusalem to strengthen its position in the Levant by taking advantage of the weakness of Fatimid Egypt. The war began as part of a successio ...

1154–69 ****

Battle of al-Babein The Battle of al-Babein took place on March 18, 1167, during the third Crusader invasion of Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and a Zengid army under Shirkuh, both hoped to take the control of Egypt over from the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin ser ...

** Third Crusade 1189–92 *** Siege of Acre (1189–91) ** Livonian Crusade **

German Crusade The Crusade of 1197, also known as the Crusade of Henry VI (german: Kreuzzug Heinrichs VI.) or the German Crusade (''Deutscher Kreuzzug''), was a crusade launched by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI in response to the aborted attempt of his f ...

Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid S ...

** Children's Crusade ** Fifth Crusade **

Sixth Crusade The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), also known as the Crusade of Frederick II, was a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actua ...

** Seventh Crusade **

Shepherds' Crusade (1251) The Shepherds' Crusade of 1251 was a popular crusade in northern France aimed at rescuing King Louis IX during the Seventh Crusade. In 1249, Saint Louis IX of France went away on crusade, leaving his mother, Blanche of Castile, as regent du ...

** Eighth Crusade ** Ninth Crusade ** Shepherds' Crusade (1320) * Saladin's campaigns **Egyptian revolt 1169 **

Darum Deir al-Balah or Deir al Balah ( ar, دير البلح, , Monastery of the Date Palm) is a Palestinian people, Palestinian city in the central Gaza Strip and the administrative capital of the Deir el-Balah Governorate. It is located over south o ...

Siege 1170 **Yemen conquest 1174 **Battle of Hama 1175 **Capture of Damascus 1174 ** Battle of Jacob's Ford 1179 ** Fight for Mosul 1182 ** Battle of Al-Fule (1183) ** Siege of Kerak 1183 **

Battle of Cresson The Battle of Cresson was a small battle between Frankish and Ayyubid forces on 1 May 1187 at the "Spring of the Cresson." While the exact location of the spring is unknown, it is located in the environs of Nazareth. The conflict was a prelude ...

1187 **

Battle of Hattin The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin. It is also known as the Battle of the Horns of Hattin, due to the shape of the nearby extinct volcano of t ...

1187 ** Siege of Jerusalem (1187) * Mongol invasions to Middle East 13th century. ** Battle of Köse Dağ 1243 ** Siege of Baghdad (1258) ** Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria 1260 *** Sack of Sidon 1260 *** Siege of Aleppo (1260) *** Battle of Ain Jalut 1260 ***

First Battle of Homs : ''For other battles in the same area but in different years, see Battle of Homs''. The first Battle of Homs was fought in Homs, Syria, on December 10, 1260, between the Ilkhanates of Persia and the forces of Egypt. After the historic Mamluk ...

1260 **Battle of Albistan 1277 ** Second Battle of Homs 1281 ** Mongol raids into Bilad al-Sham 1299–1300 ***

Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar The Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar, also known as the Third Battle of Homs, was a Mongol victory over the Mamluks in 1299.''Wadi 'L-Khaznadar'', R. Amitai, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol XI, ed. P.J.Bearman, T.Bianquis, C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel ...

1299 * Timur Conquests ** Battle of Ankara (Battle of Angora) 1402 * Ottoman Interregnum 1402–1413 * Sheikh Bedreddin revolt 1416 * Byzantine–Ottoman Wars 1265–1453 ** Rise of the Ottomans 1265–1328 ** Byzantium counter: 1328–1341 ***

Siege of Nicaea (1328–31) The siege of Nicaea was the first major battle of the First Crusade, taking place from 14 May to 19 June 1097. The city was under the control the Seljuk Turks who opted to surrender to the Byzantines in fear of the crusaders breaking into the ci ...

*** Siege of Nicomedia 1333–1337 ** Balkan invasion and civil war: 1341–1371 ** Byzantine civil war and vassalage: 1371–1394 ** Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424 ** Ottoman campaign on Constantinopolis 1424–1453

Modern times

Early modern period

Early Ottoman expansion

Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516 *Yazidi uprising against Safavids 1506–1510 * Şahkulu Rebellion 1511

Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

* Ottoman–Persian Wars 16th–19th centuries ** Battle of Chaldiran 1514 ** Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55) ** Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90) ** Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18) ***

Battle of DimDim The Battle of Dimdim is the name for the battle between the Safavid Empire and the Sunni Kurds of the Ottoman Empire between 1609 and 1610. The battle There are well documented historical accounts of a long battle from 1609 to 1610 between Kur ...

1609–10 ** Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39) ***

Abaza rebellion The Abaza rebellion is the name given to uprisings that occurred in the 17th century in the Ottoman Empire during the reigns of Mustafa I (1622–23) and Murat IV (1623–40). The name of the rebellion refers to Abaza Mehmet (or Abaza for short), an ...

** Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35) **

Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746) The Ottoman–Persian War of 1743–1746 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Afsharid Iran. Background Persia attempted to ratify the Treaty of Constantinople (1736), by demanding that the Ja'fari, also known as the Imamiyyah was to be a ...

Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776) The Ottoman–Persian War of 1775–1776 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Zand dynasty of Persia. The Persians, ruled by Karim Khan and led by his brother Sadeq Khan Zand, invaded southern Iraq and after besieging Basra for a year, ...

** Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823) * Jelali revolts 1519–1659 *Conflicts between the Ottomans and the Druze of Mount Lebanon **

1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze The 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze, also called the 1585 Ottoman invasion of the Shuf, was an Ottoman military campaign led by Ibrahim Pasha against the Druze and other chieftains of Mount Lebanon and its environs, then a part of the ...

Battle of Majdel Anjar The Battle of Anjar was fought on 1 November 1623 between the army of Fakhr al-Din II and an coalition army led by the governor of Damascus Mustafa Pasha. Background In 1623, Yunus al-Harfush prohibited the Druze of the Chouf from cultivating ...

1622 **1633 conflict **1642 conflict ** 1660 conflict **1683–1699 conflict **

Battle of Ain Dara The Battle of Ain Dara took place in the town of Ain Dara in 1711 between the Qaysi and Yamani tribo-political factions. The Qays were led by Emir Haydar of the Shihab dynasty and consisted of the Druze clans of Jumblatt, Talhuq, Imad and Abd a ...

1711 *

Cretan War (1645–69) Cretan War may refer to multiple wars involving the island of Crete, including: *Cretan War (205–200 BC), a war between King Philip V of Macedon and Rhodes *Cretan War (1645–69), a war between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire See ...

Atmeydanı Incident Atmeydanı incident ( tr, Atmeydanı Vakası) was an uprising which occurred at the Hippodrome of Constantinople ( tr, Atmeydanı) in Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, in 1648. Background Sultan İbrahim (reigned 1640–1648) of the ...

** Çınar Incident 1656

Late modern period

Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

* Edirne revolt 1703 *

1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain was the invasion of Bahrain in 1717 by the Sultanate of Oman, bringing an end to the 115-year rule by the eroding Safavid dynasty. Following the Afghan invasion of Iran at the beginning of the 18th century which wea ...

* Patrona Halil uprising 1730 * Zahir al-Umar Revolt (Galilee) 1742–1743 * Ali Bey Al-Kabir Revolt (Egypt) 1769–1772 *

Bajalan The Bajalan tribe (), are an ethnic Kurdish Bajelani speaking tribe. Ethnology Their ethnonym means "home of the falcons". The tribe originates from Abdal Bey, an Ottoman commander in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39). Geography The seat of ...

uprising 1775 * French campaign in Egypt and Syria 1798–1801 ** Cairo revolt 1798 **

Battle of the Nile The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay; french: Bataille d'Aboukir) was a major naval battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the Navy of the French Republic at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast off the ...

Siege of Jaffa The siege of Jaffa was a military engagement between the French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Ottoman forces under Ahmed al-Jazzar. On the 3 of March, 1799, the French laid siege to the city of Jaffa, which was under Ottoman control. It was ...

Battle of Mount Tabor (1799) The Battle of Mount Tabor was fought on 16 April 1799, between French forces commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte and General Jean-Baptiste Kléber, against an Ottoman Army under Abdullah Pasha al-Azm, ruler of Damascus. The battle was a conseque ...

** Siege of Acre (1799) * Baban uprising 1806–1808 * Ottoman coups of 1807–08 ** Kabakçı Mustafa revolt * Muhammad Ali's campaigns **

Muhammad Ali's seizure of power Battles involving Albania Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in Egypt came following a long, three-way civil war between the Ottoman Empire, Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottom ...

1803–07 ** Fraser campaign (1807) ** Ottoman–Saudi War 1811–18 **

Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33) Egyptian–Ottoman War may refer to: * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–91) * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33) * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) Egyptian–Ottoman War may refer to: * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485� ...

** Syrian Peasant revolts *** Palestine and Transjordan revolt 1834 ***

Alawite revolt (1834–35) The Alawis, Alawites ( ar, علوية ''Alawīyah''), or pejoratively Nusayris ( ar, نصيرية ''Nuṣayrīyah'') are an ethnoreligious group that lives primarily in Levant and follows Alawism, a sect of Islam that originated from Shia Isla ...

1838 Druze revolt The 1838 Druze revoltGoren, Haim. ''Dead Sea Level: Science, Exploration and Imperial Interests in the Near East.'' p.95-96. was a Druze uprising in Syria against the authority of Ibrahim Pasha and effectively against the Egypt Eyalet, ruled by ...

Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) Egyptian–Ottoman War may refer to: * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–91) * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33) * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) Egyptian–Ottoman War may refer to: * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485� ...

Russo-Persian War (1826–28) The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828, concerning Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire. Russia and Persia fought these wars over disputed governance of territories and countries in the Cau ...

Cizre Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Dis ...

uprising 1829 *

Atçalı Kel Mehmet Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe (1780–1830) was a Zeibeks, Zeybek, who led a local revolt against the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman's authority and established control of the Aydın region for a short period between 1829 and 1830 (''during the reign of'' Ma ...

revolt 1829–30 *Prince Mohammad of Soran uprising 1833 *Yezidi uprising 1837 *Sîncar uprising 1837

Ottoman Tanzimat period

*First Botan uprising 1843 * Bedr Khan Bey uprising 1843 *Culemerg uprising 1843 *Bedirhan Bey uprising 1847 *

Massacre of Aleppo (1850) The Massacre of Aleppo ( ar, قومة حلب, '), often referred to simply as The Events ('), was a riot perpetrated by Muslim residents of Aleppo, largely from the eastern quarters of the city, against Christian residents, largely located in the ...

*Yezdan Sher uprising 1855 *

1860 Druze–Maronite conflict The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus (also called the 1860 Syrian Civil War) was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians. Following decisive Druze ...

** French expedition in Syria 1860–61 *

Qatari–Bahraini War The Qatari-Bahraini War (), also known as the Qatari War of Independence (), was an armed conflict that took place between 1867 and 1868 in the Arabian Gulf. The conflict pitted Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against Qatar. The conflict was the most flag ...

1867–68 * Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) * Urabi Revolt (Egypt) 1879–82 *Shaykh 'Ubaydullah of Nehri and Shemdinan uprising 1880–1881Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., ''The Kurds: a contemporary overview'', Routledge, 2000, p.196 * Royal Civil War in Arabia 1887–91 **

Battle of Mulayda The Battle of Mulayda was the last major battle during the period of the Second Saudi State which occurred on 21 January 1891. Following problems over Zakat and the arrest of the Rashidi leader, Ibn Sabhan, the Rashidis planned to end the Saudi St ...

1891 *

1892 Tobacco Rebellion The Persian Tobacco Protest (Persian language, Persian: نهضت تنباکو ''nehzat-e tanbāku'') was a Twelver, Shia Muslim revolt in Iran against an 1890 tobacco Concession (contract), concession granted by Nasir al-Din Shah of Name of Iran ...

(Iran) *

Hamidian massacres The Hamidian massacres also called the Armenian massacres, were massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s. Estimated casualties ranged from 100,000 to 300,000, Akçam, Taner (2006) '' A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide an ...

1894–96 ** Zeitun Rebellion (1895–96) * Unification of Saudi Arabia ** Saudi–Rashidi War 1903–06 *

Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

1908–09 * Young Turk Revolution 1908–09 **

31 March Incident The 31 March Incident ( tr, 31 Mart Vakası, , , or ) was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. Occurring soon after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, in which the Committee of Union and Pr ...

1909 * Adana massacre 1909 * Hauran Druze Rebellion 1909 * Zaraniq rebellion 1909–1910 (c. 830+ fatalities) *

1913 Ottoman coup d'état The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (January 23, 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte ( tr, Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by ...

* Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 1914–1918 ** Sinai and Palestine Campaign ** Mesopotamian campaign ** Caucasus Campaign **

Persian Campaign Persian expedition or Persian campaign may refer to: * Persian campaign (Alexander the Great) (334–333 BC) *Julian's Persian expedition (363) * Persian expedition of Stepan Razin (1699) * Persian campaign of Peter the Great (1722–1723) * Pers ...

** Gallipoli Campaign **

North African Campaign (World War I) Conflicts took place in North Africa during World War I (1914–1918) between the Central Powers and the Entente and its allies. The Senussi of Libya sided with the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire against the British Empire and the Ki ...

** Arab Revolt ** Armenian genocide ** Assyrian genocide **1st Dersim rebellion

Post-Ottoman era conflicts

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conflicts in the Middle East History of the Middle East Middle East Middle East-related lists Middle East Military history of Asia