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Ridda Wars
The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes, some of which were led by rival prophet claimants. They began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate.Laura V. Vaglieri in The Cambridge History of Islam, p.58 In September 632, Laqit, the leader of the Banu Azd tribe, prepared an army to attack Oman. However, commander Hudhayfah al-Bariqi, Hudayfa's forces defeated Laqit and his rebel army. The next month, more rebel attacks were faced in Northern Arabia and Yemen, which were also defeated. A few months later, Banu Hanifa's chief Musaylimah, a rival prophet claimant with an army of allegedly 40,000 soldiers, was killed in the Battle of Yamama. The last major rebel attack came from the tribe of Kinda (tribe), Kinda in Hadhramaut in January 633. The campaigns came to an end in June 633 as Abu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, as well as southern Iraq and Jordan. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the Roman era, the Sinai Peninsula was also considered a part of Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and south-west, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the north-east, the Levant and Mesopotamia to the north and the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean to the south-east. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world and globally due to its vast reserves of petroleum, oil and natural gas. Before the mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammar Ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir (; July 657 C.E.) was a ''Sahabi'' (Companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a commander in the early Muslim conquests. His parents, Sumayya and Yasir ibn Amir, were the first martyrs of the Ummah. Ammar converted to Islam by the invitation of Abu Bakr and was amongst the . After the migration to Medina, he participated in building the Prophet's Mosque and fought in most of the early Muslim expeditions. He fought in the Ridda wars under Caliph Abu Bakr () and in the Muslim conquest of Iran under Caliph Umar (). Ammar served as governor of Kufa under Umar. Following Uthman's assassination, Ammar became a devout partisan of Caliph Ali () and died while fighting on Ali's side in the Battle of Siffin. Before Islam Ammar belonged to the Malik clan of the Madhhij tribe in Yemen. Hijaz (current-day Saudi Arabia). He was born in or around the Year of the Elephant, which was the same year as Muhammad's birth, in Mecca, and was one of the intermediaries i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amr Ibn Ma'adi Yakrib
Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib al-Zubaīdi al-Madḥ'hijī () (died 642 CE) was an Arabian cavalry commander of the Zubaid clan in Yemen, part of the Madhhij tribe confederation. Amr is considered a legendary warrior, battling against legendary figures like Amir ibn Tufail, Antarah ibn Shaddad and Dorayd bin Al Soma. Amr converted to Islam in the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and became one of the two champions of the Rashidun caliphate, along with Tulayha. Both were said to have the strength of a thousand soldiers. Amr participated in the battle of the Yarmuk and the battle of al-Qadisiyyah against the elephants of the Sassanids. He also led the Rashidun in the battle of Jalula, and served in the Muslim conquest of Khorasan. Amr was killed during the Battle of Nahavand in 642 CE. Amr had several swords that became the subjects of certain legends of later Arabic poetry, particularly during the Abbasid caliphate, such as swords named Dhu al-Nun, al-Qalzam and ash-Shamshara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qays Ibn Makshuh
Qays ibn Makshuh al-Muradi (), or also known as Qays ibn Hubayrah; was a Companions of the Prophet, companion of Muhammad. He converted to Islam during the life of Muhammad. He later rebelled during Ridda Wars after the killing of Al-Aswad al-Ansi, only to be defeated by Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl. Qays was later pardoned by first Rashidun caliph Abu Bakr and participated in the Muslim conquest of Persia and Muslim conquest of the Levant. Biography Qays ibn Mashuh al-Muradi hailed from Murad (tribe), Murad tribe as son of Makshuh, or originally named Hubayrah ibn Abd Yaghut bin Al-Ghazil bin Salamah, the son of Bada’ ibn Amr az Zahir bin Murad (tribe), Murad. The father of Qays was the chief of Murad (tribe), Murad tribe and nicknamed al-Makshuh because he had a complaint in his flank resulting from a fire. There are confusion about his name, which sometimes appears in records as Qays ibn Hubayra "al-Makshuh,” or Qays ibn 'Abd Yaghuth ibn Makshuh, or simply Qays ibn al-Makshfih. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ash'ath Ibn Qays
Abū Muḥammad Maʿdīkarib ibn Qays ibn Maʿdīkarib (599–661), better known as al-Ashʿath (), was a chief of the Kinda tribe of Hadhramawt and founder of a leading noble Arab household in Kufa, one of the two main garrison towns and administrative centers of Iraq under the Rashidun (632–661) and Umayyad (661–750) caliphs. Al-Ash'ath embraced Islam in the presence of the Islamic prophet Muhammad only to leave the faith following the latter's death in 632. He led his tribesmen against the Muslims during the Ridda wars but surrendered during a siege of his fortress, after which many Kindites were executed. He was imprisoned, but pardoned by Caliph Abu Bakr () upon his repentance. Al-Ash'ath joined the Muslim conquests of Mesopotamia and Persia, fighting in several battles between 636 and 642. He settled in the newly-founded garrison city of Kufa and became the leader of his tribesmen there. Under Caliph Uthman (), al-Ash'ath governed Adharbayjan. In 657, he fought as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sajah
Sajah bint Al-Harith ibn Suwayd al-Taghlibi (, fl. 630s CE) from the tribe of Banu Tamim, was an Arab Christian protected first by her tribe; then causing a split within the Arab tribes and finally defended by Banu Hanifa. Sajah was one of a series of people (including her future husband) who claimed prophethood in the 7th-century Arabia and was also the only female claiming to be a prophetess during the Wars of Apostasy in the early Islamic Period. Biography Her full nisba was Sijah bint al-Harith bin Suwaid at-Tamimi. Translation of Chapter: Translation of= Taqu̅sh, Muhammad Suhail References: * History of the Prophets and Kings; Al-Tabari: Vol. 3, p. 115, 116, 271, 272-275 * At-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubra; Ibn Sa'd: Vol. 1, p. 293, 294 * Kitāb Mu'jam al-Buldān; Yaqut al-Hamawi: Vol. 2, p. 254, 255 * Abu Zayd al-Balkhi: Vol. 2 p. 198. * ASIN: 9771425587 According to Muhammad Suhail Taqu̅sh, Arab culture and Turkic history professor of Imam al-Awza’i University, Sajah was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik Ibn Nuwayra
Malik ibn Nuwayra (: died 632), was the chief of the Banu Yarbu, a clan of the Banu Hanzala, which was a large section of the powerful tribe of Bani Tamim. Muhammad had appointed Malik as an officer over the Banu Yarbu clan to collect and send them to Medina. However, after the death of Muhammad, Malik stopped distributing the zakah and refused to send it to Medinah. As a result, Abu Bakr ordered his execution, which was carried out by Khalid bin Walid. Death Malik was appointed by Muhammad as the collector of the ('alms tax') for his clan, the Yarbu of the Tamim. However, following Muhammad's death, Malik stopped distributing the zakah and also refused to send it to Medina. As a result, Abu Bakr decided to have him executed by Khalid ibn al-Walid. In 632, Khalid and his army encountered Malik and eleven of his clansmen from the Yarbu. The Yarbu did not resist, proclaimed their Muslim faith, and were escorted to Khalid's camp. Despite the objection of an Ansarite, who had been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulayha
Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al-Asadi () was a wealthy Arab clan chief and military commander during the time of Muhammad; he belonged to the Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah tribe. In 625 he was defeated in the Expedition of Qatan, a Muslim expedition against him. He also took part in the Battle of the Trench in 627 against Muhammad and in Battle of Buzakha and Battle of Ghamra in 632 against Rashidun caliphate. He later submitted to the caliphate and participated in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, Battle of Jalula, and the Battle of Nahavand on the Muslim side. He along with Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib were praised by Umar for their strength in battlefield and military wisdom during the Muslim conquest of Persia. Biography In 631, Tulayha claimed to be a prophet and the recipient of divine revelation and rebelled against Muhammad. Thus, Tulayha became the third person to claim prophethood among the Arabs against Muhammad. Many tribes acknowledged him as a prophet, which made him suffi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aswad Ansi
Abhala bin Ka'b al-Aswad al-Ansi (; died June 632), was a 7th-century leader of the Banu Ans tribe and a self-proclaimed prophet, one of the four major figures who declared to be prophets during the Wars of Apostasy. Biography He was born near Najran and later lived in Yemen and proclaimed his prophethood towards the end of the Muhammad's lifetime. He was also known as "the Veiled," or Dhu al-Khimar (), as he used to cover his face to create an aura of mystery. A soothsayer and sorcerer, Aswad had the ability to dazzle a crowd with tricks. According to tradition, he had a donkey whom he had trained to kneel before him: he would tell the donkey "Kneel before your lord" and it would kneel, and then he would say to it "Bow before your lord" and it would bow. From this anecdote he acquired a second nickname, Dhu al-Himar (, "the one with the donkey"). When Muhammad became ill after his final pilgrimage to Mecca, Aswad declared himself a prophet. He claimed to receive divine revela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musaylima
Musaylima (), d.632, was a claimant of prophethood from the Banu Hanifa tribe. Based from Diriyah in present day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, he claimed to be a prophet and was an enemy of Islam in 7th-century Arabia. He was a leader of the enemies of Islam during the Ridda wars. He is considered by Muslims to be a false prophet (). He is commonly called Musaylima al-Kadhāb () by Muslims. Musaylima was said to have composed in saj', a type of rhymed prose that was common in pre-Islamic artistic speech. Etymology Musaylima's actual name was '' Maslama'', but Muslims altered his name to Musaylima, which is the diminutive of Maslama (i.e., 'Little Maslama'). The name ''maslama'' contains an Arabic or Syriac participal-nominal substratum like ''muslim'' (submitter). Maslama may be a title derived from ''aslam'' which is a verb associated with prophethood. Early life Musaylima was the son of Habib, of the tribe Banu Hanifa, one of the largest tribes of Arabia that inhabited the region of Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fayruz Al-Daylami
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Fayrūz al-Daylamī al-Himyarī (, Persian: فیروز دیلمی, ''Firuz the Daylamite'') was a Persian companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Biography Fayruz al-Daylami, also spelt Firuz al-Daylami, belonged to the descendants (''abna''') of the Persians that had been sent by Khosrow I to Yemen, conquered it, and drove out the Abyssinians. It is stated that a delegation including Fayruz came to Medina from Yemen in 631 and embraced Islam. He had two wives who were sisters. As a result of his conversion to Islam, he divorced one of his wives on the order of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as a Muslim cannot simultaneously have as wives two women who are biological sisters.'' Sunan Ibn Majah'', Chapter on Divorce; 1950. Later in 632 after Aswad Ansi claimed prophethood in Yemen, proceeded to invade Najran and much of Yemen, attacking Sana'a and the ruler of Yemen, Shahr, who was the son of Badhan, was killed in battle against Aswad. Fayruz was sent out by Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
