mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s that have been recorded in the scientific literature as part of the fauna of the island of Great Britain; this total excludes species found only in hothouses and aquaria. The list includes
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
and aquatic
gastropods
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. Ther ...
, and aquatic
bivalves
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...
. Molluscs that are fully
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
(adapted to live in the sea) are not included here, except for two marine
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
snails. In other words, this list includes
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s and
slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...
s, and
freshwater
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...
and
brackish water
Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estua ...
snails. It also includes
freshwater mussel
Freshwater bivalves are one kind of freshwater mollusc, along with freshwater snails. They are bivalves that live in fresh water as opposed to salt water, which is the main habitat type for bivalves.
The majority of species of bivalve molluscs ...
s and clams, including some that can tolerate brackish water.
Great Britain is a
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
an island in the northeastern
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
, comprising the contiguous countries of
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
,
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
and
Wales
Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
. (
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
is not the same entity as the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
; for more information on the complex nomenclature of this area, please see
terminology of the British Isles
The terminology of the British Isles refers to the words and phrases that are used to describe the (sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller islands which surround them. Th ...
.) The mollusc fauna of the island of
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
, which includes both the
Republic of Ireland
Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island. A ...
and
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
, is listed in another article:
List of non-marine molluscs of Ireland
This list of the non-marine molluscs of Ireland comprises 165 species of non-marine molluscs which have been recorded as part of the fauna of Ireland. These are terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, and bivalves; the list does not include species of ...
.
A number of species of snails listed here are sometimes also found on lists of marine species. Two listed here, in the genera ''
Onchidella
''Onchidella'' is a genus of small, air-breathing sea slugs, shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Onchidiidae.
Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid name ...
'' and ''
Otina
''Otina ovata'' is a species of small, air-breathing sea snail or sea slug, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the superfamily Otinoidea.
''Otina ovata'' is the only species in the genus ''Otina''. ''Otina'' is the only genus in the ...
'', are fully marine in habitat, but are pulmonate snails that breathe air at low tide rather than having gills like most marine species. Other species listed here live in habitats that are intermediate between land and saltwater, or in brackish water habitats intermediate between freshwater and full-salinity saltwater.
Additional species are still being added to the list of the non-marine malacofauna of Great Britain. Four of the more recent discoveries are: ''
Papillifera papillaris
''Papillifera papillaris'', also known as ''Papillifera bidens'', is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. This is a Mediterranean ...
'', first recorded in 1993 but probably the result of introductions with Italian statuary a century or more earlier; ''
Selenochlamys ysbryda
''Selenochlamys ysbryda'', the ghost slug, is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae.
The species was first recognised from various sites in Wales and was ...
'', a species new to science, which was first found in 2004; ''Candidula olisippensis'', discovered on a Cornish cliff in 2011; and ''Monacha ocellata'', found near Tilbury docks in 2017. Other species have been added to the list as a result of taxonomic revisions; for instance, only in 2009 was it recognised that snails previously known as ''
Pupilla muscorum
''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Taxonomy
A variety ...
'' constituted two
sibling species
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
occupying different habitats, with both ''Pupilla muscorum''
sensu stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
and '' Pupilla pratensis'' occurring in Britain. A major revision of the slug fauna published in 2014, partly based on genetic sequencing, established that there were 20% more species than had previously been recognised. Not all these species have been definitely identified and some are formally undescribed.
In addition to the species that survive outdoors in Great Britain, there are also another 14
exotic
Exotic may refer to:
Mathematics and physics
* Exotic R4, a differentiable 4-manifold, homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to the Euclidean space R4
* Exotic sphere, a differentiable ''n''-manifold, homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to the ordina ...
gastropod species (some terrestrial and some aquatic) which live as "uninvited guests" in
greenhouse
A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse, or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of Transparent ceramics, transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic condit ...
s and their enclosed aquaria. These species are known as "hothouse aliens", and are listed separately at the end of the main list. In this list these species are not counted as part of the fauna. Also not included are species such as ''Eobania vermiculata'' and ''Milax nigricans'' that have been found outdoors on single occasions but seem never to have established persisting populations.
The following table shows a summary of species numbers.
Conservation
Those species that are recognized as endangered are shown with an E after their name, see
List of endangered species in the British Isles
This is a list of United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan species. Some suffer because of loss of habitat, but many are in decline following the introduction of foreign species, which out-compete the native species or carry disease.
See also th ...
.
Some species are protected in the United Kingdom under the
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom implemented to comply with European Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. In short, the act gives protection to native species (especia ...
Margaritifera margaritifera
The freshwater pearl mussel (''Margaritifera margaritifera'') is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Margaritiferidae.
Although the name "freshwater pearl mussel" is often used for this species, ...
'' is partly protected since 1991 and fully protected since 1998
* ''
Helix pomatia
''Helix pomatia'', common names the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or escargot, is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
'' is partly protected since 2008
* ''
Monacha cartusiana
''Monacha cartusiana'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.Helix cartusiana var. depressa Caziot, 1909 (invalid; preoccupied)
Mona ...
'' was fully protected from 1981 to 1988.
Two of the land snails on the list (''
Fruticicola fruticum
''Fruticicola fruticum'' is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Fruticicola fruticum (Müller, 1774). Accessed throug ...
'' and ''
Cernuella neglecta
''Cernuella neglecta'', the dune snail, is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805). Accessed t ...
'') are now locally extinct (in Great Britain, sometimes abbreviated here as G.B.), but they still occur in other parts of Europe.
Systematic list
The list is arranged by presumed biological affinity, rather than being alphabetical by family.
A number of species are listed with subspecies, in cases where there are well-recognized subspecies in different parts of Europe. For some species a
synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
is given, where the species may perhaps be better known under another name.
An attempt has been made to label the families as aquatic, terrestrial or intermediate, and an indication is given where it is thought that the species is introduced. Some introductions to Great Britain are quite ancient, dating from
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
times or even earlier, for example,
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: παλαιός ''palaios'', "old" and λίθος ''lithos'', "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone too ...
. Those species that do not have a shell usually do not leave an archeological or fossil record, and therefore it is not always possible to determine whether they are native or introduced. Species are considered to be native, unless otherwise indicated on the list; this information is taken from Kerney, 1999, updated in the case of slugs with the opinions of Rowson et al. 2014.
Note: the images used to illustrate the list are mostly of specimens that were found in other countries.
Gastropoda
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. ...
;
Neritidae
Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum.
MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Neritininae Poey, 1852. Accessed through: ...
- aquatic (this species tolerates brackish water)
* ''
Theodoxus fluviatilis
''Theodoxus fluviatilis'', common name the river nerite, is a species of small freshwater and brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.Neubauer, Thomas A. (2014). ''T ...
'' ''fluviatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
;
Aciculidae
The Aciculidae are a family of minute land snails which have opercula (an operculum is a little door that closes the shell when the animal retracts into it). In other words, Aciculidae are terrestrial operculate gastropods.
Even though Acicul ...
Viviparidae
Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy of ...
- aquatic
* ''
Viviparus contectus
''Viviparus contectus'', common name Lister's river snail, is a species of large, freshwater snail with an operculum and a gill, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae, the river snails.
Distribution
This species is palaearcti ...
'' (Millet, 1813)
* ''
Viviparus viviparus
''Viviparus viviparus'' is a species of large freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae, the river snails. This species is a viviparous (ovoviviparous) snail.
Description
The height ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
;
Assimineidae
Assimineidae is a family of minute snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Rissoidae. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious betwee ...
- terrestrial (intermediate marine)
* ''
Assiminea grayana
''Assiminea grayana'', common name the "dun sentinel", is a species of very small (4–6 mm.) salt marsh snail, a terrestrial (or marine gastropod mollusk in the family Assimineidae.
Habitat
This species lives in habitats that are intermedi ...
Amnicolidae
Amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea.
This family is in the clade Littorinimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & R ...
- aquatic
* ''
Marstoniopsis insubrica
''Marstoniopsis insubrica'' is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Amnicolidae.
This is a critically endangered species.
Distribution
This species lives in some ...
Truncatellidae
Truncatellidae, common name the "looping snails", is a family of small amphibious snails, with gills and an operculum, semi-marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.
Shell description
This family of snails have small shells which lose th ...
- terrestrial (intermediate marine)
* ''
Truncatella subcylindrica
''Truncatella subcylindrica'' is a species of small land snail that lives at the edge of the sea. It has gills and an operculum and is gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Truncatellidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Trunc ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
;
Bithyniidae
Bithyniidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Bithyniidae Gray, 1857. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...
- aquatic
* ''
Bithynia leachii
''Bithynia leachii'' is species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.
Distribution
It is a Palearctic species found in North Africa and Europe to East Siberia.
* Cze ...
'' (Sheppard, 1823)
* ''
Bithynia tentaculata
''Bithynia tentaculata'', common names the mud bithynia or common bithynia, or faucet snailKipp R. M. & Benson A. (2008). ''Bithynia tentaculata''. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/Fac ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
;
Cochliopidae
Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
Paludestrina d'Orbigny, 1840 is an archaic synonym, and has been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names by ICZN ...
- aquatic
* ''
Heleobia stagnorum
''Semisalsa stagnorum'' is a species of small brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Cochliopidae.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Semisalsa stagnorum (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Regist ...
'' (Gmelin, 1791) - native?
;
Hydrobiidae
Hydrobiidae, commonly known as mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan family of very small freshwater and brackish water snails with an operculum; they are in the order Littorinimorpha.
Distribution
Hydrobiidae are found in much of the world, ...
- aquatic (some are arguably marine)
* ''
Hydrobia acuta
''Hydrobia acuta'' is a species of very small (4-6mm.) brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.
Description
Draparnaud's description reads "Coquille ovale-oblongue, un peu con ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1805) - subspecies: ''
Hydrobia acuta neglecta
'' Hydrobia acuta neglecta'' is a European subspecies of small brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.
Distribution
This species which has a distribution type: oceanic temp ...
'' Muus, 1963
* ''
Hydrobia ventrosa
''Ecrobia ventrosa'', common name spire snail, is a European species of small brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.
Distribution
This species occurs on the coasts of:
* Ice ...
'' (Montagu, 1803)
* ''
Peringia ulvae
''Peringia ulvae'' (or ''Hydrobia ulvae''), common name the Laver spire shell or mudsnail, is a European species of very small aquatic snail with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.Gofas, S. (2010). ''Hydrobi ...
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
The New Zealand mud snail (''Potamopyrgus antipodarum'') is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. This aquatic gastropod mollusk is in the family Tateidae.
It is native to New Zealand, where it is found through ...
'' (Gray, 1843) - introduced
;
Valvatidae
''Valvatidae'', the valve snails, is a taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
Taxonomy
The family Valvatidae has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouche ...
- aquatic
* ''
Valvata cristata
''Valvata cristata'' is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails.
Distribution
* Czech Republic - Bohemia and Moravia Horsák M., Juři ...
'' O. F. Müller, 1774
* ''
Valvata macrostoma
''Valvata macrostoma'', also known as the large mouthed valve snail, is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails.
Distribution
This species occurs in the ...
Valvata piscinalis
''Valvata piscinalis'', common name the European stream valvata or European valve snail, is a species of minute freshwater snail with gills and an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, an Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Valva ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
;
Pomatiidae
The family Pomatiidae is a taxonomic family of small operculate land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that can be found over the warmer parts of the Old World. In the older literature, this family is designated as Pomatiasidae.
This family ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Pomatias elegans
''Pomatias elegans'', common name the round-mouthed snail, is a species of small land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiidae within the superfamily Littorinoidea, the winkles and their allies.
This ...
'' (Müller, 1774)
The following gastropods are
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
s:
;
Ellobiidae
Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Carychium minimum
''Carychium minimum'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.
Description
The width of the shell is 0.9-1.1 mm. The height of the shell is 1.6-2.2 mm. It ...
'' Müller, 1774
* ''
Carychium tridentatum
''Carychium tridentatum'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.
Description
The shell is 1.8-2.3 mm high x 0.8-0.9mm. wide. The shell is more slender than th ...
Onchidiidae
Onchidiidae are a family of small, air-breathing sea (and land) slugs. They are shell-less marine (except for 2 species)preview pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Onchidiidae is the only family within the superfamily Onchidioidea.
These animals are ...
- aquatic (marine but an intertidal pulmonate)
* '' Onchidella celtica'' (Cuvier, 1817)
; Otinidae - aquatic (marine but an intertidal pulmonate)
* '' Otina ovata'' (Brown, 1827)
;
Physidae
Physidae, common name the bladder snails, is a monophyletic taxonomic family of small air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Lymnaeoidea .MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Physidae Fitzin ...
- aquatic
* ''
Aplexa hypnorum
''Aplexa hypnorum'', or by the common name, the moss bladder snail, is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae, a family which are sometimes known as the bladder snails ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Physa fontinalis
''Physa fontinalis'', common name the common bladder snail, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. The shells of species in the genus ''Physa'' are left-handed or sinistral.
Desc ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Physella acuta
''Physella acuta'' is a species of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. Common names include European physa, tadpole snail, bladder snail, and acute bladder snail. ...
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila.
Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily ...
- aquatic
* ''
Galba truncatula
''Galba truncatula'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.Neubauer, Thomas A. (2014). Galba (Galba) truncatula (Müller, 1774). Accessed through: World R ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Omphiscola glabra
''Omphiscola glabra'' (Synonym: Stagnicola glaber (O. F. Müller, 1774)) is a species of small to medium-size, air-breathing, freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.Glöer P. (2002). Überfamilie Lym ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''Lymnaea palustris'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) = '' Stagnicola palustris'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Lymnaea stagnalis
''Lymnaea stagnalis'', better known as the great pond snail, is a species of large air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae. The great pond snail is a model organism to study parasitology, ...
Radix auricularia
''Radix auricularia'', the big-ear radix, is a species of medium-sized freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.Neubauer, Thomas A.; Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2014). Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Radix balthica
''Radix balthica'', common name the wandering snail, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.Neubauer, Thomas A.; Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2014). Radix ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Radix peregra
''Peregriana peregra'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.
Distribution and habitat
This small pond snail is found in Europe, Newfoundland and northern A ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* '' Myxas glutinosa'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) E
;
Planorbidae
Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin ins ...
- aquatic
* ''
Ancylus fluviatilis
The river limpet (''Ancylus fluviatilis'') is a species of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.
Des ...
'' O. F. Müller, 1774
* ''
Anisus leucostoma
''Anisus leucostoma'' is a European species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.
Taxonomy
Glöer (2002) Glöer P. (2002). ''Die Süßwasserga ...
Anisus vorticulus
''Anisus vorticulus'' (lesser ramshorn snail or little whirlpool ramshorn snail) is a species of minute, air-breathing, freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails.
Description
The lesser ramsho ...
'' (Troschel, 1834) E
* ''
Anisus spirorbis
''Anisus spirorbis'' is a species of small freshwater air-breathing snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758). Access ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Planorbis carinatus
''Planorbis carinatus'' is species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails.
Description
The width of shell of this species is 9–15 mm. The shell has a noticeable k ...
'' O. F. Müller, 1774
* ''
Planorbis planorbis
''Planorbis planorbis'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.Neubauer, Thomas A. (2014). ''Planorbis'' (''Planorbis'') ''planorbis'' (Linnaeus, 1758). Acc ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Bathyomphalus contortus
''Bathyomphalus contortus'' is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.
Distribution
The distribution of this species is Pa ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Gyraulus laevis
''Gyraulus laevis'' is a small species of freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.
Distribution
Found mainly in the northern parts of Europe East to Siberia and north-east Asia. ...
Planorbarius corneus
''Planorbarius corneus'', common name the great ramshorn, is a relatively large species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have ...
Ferrissia fragilis
''Ferrissia californica'' is a species of small freshwater limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863). Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
'' (Tryon, 1863) - introduced
;
Acroloxidae
Acroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical shell in the clade Hygrophila.
Acroloxidae is the only fam ...
- aquatic
* ''
Acroloxus lacustris
''Acroloxus lacustris'', or the lake limpet, is a small freshwater limpet or snail, a species of aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Acroloxidae.
Description
The 4–7 mm. (7 mm long, 3 mm wide and 2 mm high) shell is l ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
;
Succineidae
Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails (and slugs), terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineidae Beck, 1837. Accessed thr ...
Succinea putris
''Succinea putris'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.
Description
The 10-17 (27) x 6-8 mm has 3-4 whorls. These are relatively flat and with shallow sutures. The body whorl is ma ...
'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''
Oxyloma elegans
''Oxyloma elegans'' is a species of small European land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Succineidae, the amber snails.
Description
The shell usually has fewer than 3 whorls. The body whorl is very la ...
Oxyloma sarsii
''Oxyloma sarsii'' is a species of small European land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Succineidae, the amber snails.
Description
Only reliably separated from the very similar '' Oxyloma elegans'' by ...
'' (Esmark, 1886)
;
Cochlicopidae
Cochlicopidae is a taxonomic family of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea.
Anatomy
In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
A chromosome is a long DN ...
Cochlicopa lubrica
''Cochlicopa lubrica'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Cochlicopidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cochlicopa lubrica (O. F. Müller, 1774). Accessed through: ...
Cochlicopa lubricella
''Cochlicopa lubricella'' is a European species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Cochlicopidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro, 1838). Accessed thr ...
'' (Porro, 1838)
;
Pyramidulidae
Pyramidulidae is a family (biology), family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pyramidulidae Kennard & B. B. W ...
Vertiginidae
Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.
Distribution
The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the ...
Truncatellina cylindrica
''Truncatellina cylindrica'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Truncatellinidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Truncatellina cylindrica (J. B. Férussac, 1807) ...
Vertigo genesii
''Vertigo genesii'', common name the round-mouthed whorl snail, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk, mollusc or micromollusk, micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, th ...
'' (Gredler, 1856)
* ''
Vertigo geyeri
''Vertigo geyeri'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails. The specific name ''geyeri'' is in honor of German zoologist David Geyer ...
Vertigo moulinsiana
Desmoulin's whorl snail (''Vertigo moulinsiana'') is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.
This species was named in honor of th ...
Vertigo angustior
''Vertigo angustior'', the narrow-mouthed whorl snail, is a species of minute land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.
MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Verti ...
'' Jeffreys, 1830
;
Chondrinidae
Chondrinidae is a family of mostly minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Pulmonata.
Anatomy
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values i ...
Pupillidae
Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Pupilla muscorum
''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Taxonomy
A variety ...
Lauriidae
Lauriidae is a family of land snails. It is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) ...
Lauria cylindracea
''Lauria cylindracea'', common name "the common chrysalis snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae.
Description
For terms see gastropod shell
The 3-4 x 1.8 mm ...
'' (da Costa, 1778)
* ''
Lauria sempronii
''Lauria sempronii'', is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae.
Distribution
This species is known to occur in a number of countries and islands:
* Great Britain
* and other are ...
'' (Charpentier, 1837) - probably native
;
Valloniidae
Valloniidae is a taxonomic family of small and minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Valloniidae Morse, 1864. Accessed through: World R ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Vallonia costata
''Vallonia costata'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Valloniidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Vallonia costata (O. F. Müller, 1774). Accessed through: World Re ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Vallonia pulchella
''Vallonia pulchella'', common name the lovely vallonia, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Valloniidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Vallo ...
Vallonia excentrica
''Vallonia excentrica'', common name the eccentric vallonia, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Valloniidae.Marshall, B. (2014). Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 1893. Acces ...
'' Sterke, 1892
* ''
Acanthinula aculeata
''Acanthinula aculeata'' is a species of minute, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Valloniidae.
Description
For terms see gastropod shell.
The
1.9-2.1 mm. shell is sligh ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Spermodea lamellata
''Spermodea lamellata'' is a species of minute European land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc, or micromollusc, in the family Valloniidae.
Description
For terms see gastropod shell''.
The 2-2.2 mm x 2-2.2 mm shell has a char ...
'' (Jeffreys, 1830)
;
Enidae
Enidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Enidae B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Ena montana
''Ena montana'' is a species of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Enidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1801)
* ''
Merdigera obscura
''Merdigera obscura'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Enidae.
Distribution and habitat
This species is present in north-western Africa and in most of Europe from Portugal to R ...
'' = ''Ena obscura'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
;
Punctidae
Punctidae, common name the "dot snails" or "pinhead snails", is a family of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra (according to the taxonomy of the Ga ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Punctum pygmaeum
''Punctum pygmaeum'' is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Shell description
For terms see gastropod shell.
The shell is very small, 1.2-1. ...
Helicodiscidae
Helicodiscidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Genera
Genera within the family i ...
Discidae
Discidae is a taxonomic family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea.
Genera
The family Discidae has no subfamilies. Genera within the family Discidae include:
* ''Anguispira'' Morse, ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Discus rotundatus
''Discus rotundatus'', common name rotund disc, is a species of small, air-breathing, land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae, the disk snails.
Description
The shells of ''Discus rotundatus'' in the adult st ...
Arion ater
Arion (; grc-gre, Ἀρίων; fl. c. 700 BC) was a kitharode in ancient Greece, a Dionysiac poet credited with inventing the dithyramb. The islanders of Lesbos claimed him as their native son, but Arion found a patron in Periander, tyrant ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Arion rufus
The red slug (''Arion rufus''), also known as the large red slug,Arion flagellus'' Collinge, 1893 - introduced?
* ''
Arion vulgaris
The Spanish slug (''Arion vulgaris'', but also widely known as ''Arion lusitanicus'' owing to a misidentification) is an air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc, mollusk in the family Arionidae, th ...
Arion subfuscus
''Arion subfuscus'' is a species of land slug. It forms a species complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often u ...
Arion silvaticus
''Arion silvaticus'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae.
Description
Note. In slugs it is often difficult to establish good criteria for identifying species using exte ...
Arion hortensis
''Arion hortensis'', also known by its common name the "garden slug", "small striped slug" or "black field slug" is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the roundback ...
'' A. Férussac, 1819
* ''
Arion distinctus
''Arion distinctus'' is a species of air-breathing land slug in the family Arionidae, sometimes known as the roundback slugs. It is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc. Several vernacular names exist, but it is unclear if they are much ...
'' J. Mabille, 1868
* ''
Arion owenii
''Arion owenii'' is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs.
Description
Note. In slugs it is often difficult to establish good criteria for identifyi ...
Arion intermedius
''Arion intermedius'' is a species of land slug in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. It is known commonly as the hedgehog slug,Pristilomatidae
Pristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.
According to the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi these snails belong to the "limacoid ...
Euconulidae
Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.
This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails.
...
Gastrodontidae
Gastrodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Zonitoides nitidus
''Zonitoides nitidus'' (sometimes ''Zonitoides nitida'') is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Gastrodontidae.
''Zonitoides nitidus'' is the type species of the genus '' Zonito ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Zonitoides excavatus
''Zonitoides excavatus'' is a European species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Gastrodontidae.
Distribution
Distribution of ''Zonitoides excavatus'' include:
* British Isles: Great ...
'' (Alder, 1830)
;
Oxychilidae
Oxychilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.
Distribution
The distribution of Oxychilidae includes the Nearctic, western-Palearctic, eastern-Palear ...
Oxychilus navarricus
''Oxychilus navarricus'', before 2002 known as ''Oxychilus helveticus'' (Blum, 1881), is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oxychilidae, the glass snails.
Description
For terms se ...
Milacidae
Milacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea.
This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocro ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Milax gagates
''Milax gagates'', known by the common name greenhouse slug, is a species of air-breathing, keel (slug), keeled, land slug, a shell-less terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Milacidae.Marshall, B. (2014). Milax gagate ...
Tandonia budapestensis
''Tandonia budapestensis'' is a species of air-breathing, keeled, land slug, a shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Milacidae.Marshall, B. (2014). Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1880). Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...
Vitrinidae
Vitrinidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limacoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBa ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Vitrina pellucida
''Vitrina pellucida'' is species of small land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vitrinidae, the glass snails.
Description
This species is a 'semi-slug' with a flattened, globular shell. The ...
Boettgerillidae
''Boettgerilla'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Boettgerillidae.
The generic name ''Boettgerilla'' is named after the German malacologist Oskar Boettger.
Taxonomy
''Boettger ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Boettgerilla pallens
''Boettgerilla pallens'', common name the worm slug, is a European species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Boettgerillidae.
Distribution
The type locality of ''Boettger ...
'' Simroth, 1912 - introduced
;
Trigonochlamydidae
Trigonochlamydidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Distribution
The native distribution of Trigonochla ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Selenochlamys ysbryda
''Selenochlamys ysbryda'', the ghost slug, is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae.
The species was first recognised from various sites in Wales and was ...
'' Rowson & Symondson, 2008 - introduced
;
Limacidae
Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.
Distribution
The distr ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Limax maximus
''Limax maximus'' (literally, "biggest slug"), known by the common names great grey slug and leopard slug, is a species of slug in the family Limacidae, the keeled slugs.Marshall, B. (2014). Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: Worl ...
'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''
Limax cinereoniger
''Limax cinereoniger'' is a large species of air-breathing land slug in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. This is the largest land slug species in the world. - introduced
* ''
Limacus flavus
''Limacus flavus'', known commonly as the cellar slug, the yellow slug, or the tawny garden slug, is a medium to large species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.MolluscaBase (2019). ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758) - introduced?
* ''
Limacus maculatus
''Limacus maculatus'', the green cellar slug or Irish yellow slug, is a species of slug native to the Caucasus and Black Sea coast. It has also been introduced to a number of northern European countries. In its introduced range the species is oft ...
Lehmannia marginata
''Lehmannia marginata'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae. Sometimes classified in the genus ''Limax'', the species is distinct in its ecology, and its nearly transpare ...
Lehmannia valentiana
''Ambigolimax valentianus'' (also known as ''Lehmannia valentiana'') is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.
Description
''
External appearance does not reliably distinguish ...
'' (A. Férussac, 1822) - introduced
;
Agriolimacidae
''Agriolimacidae'' is a family of small and medium-sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc, mollusks.
Distribution
Distribution of Limacidae is Holarctic, this include: Nearctic, wes ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Deroceras laeve
''Deroceras laeve'', the marsh slug, is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Agriolimacidae.
Distribution
The distribution of ''Deroceras laeve'' was originally Palearctic, from ...
Deroceras reticulatum
''Deroceras reticulatum'', common names the "grey field slug" and "grey garden slug", is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Agriolimacidae. This species is an important agricul ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Deroceras panormitanum
''Deroceras panormitanum'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Agriolimacidae. This article is about ''Deroceras panormitanum'' ''sensu stricto'', which occurs predominantly only on Si ...
Ferussaciidae
Ferussaciidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Ferussaciidae Bourguignat, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Cecilioides acicula
''Cecilioides acicula'', common name the "blind snail" or "blind awlsnail", is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ferussaciidae.
This is a subterranean species.
Desc ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - probably introduced
;
Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by their common name the door snails, are a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBa ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Alinda biplicata
''Alinda biplicata'',Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/Continental_Russ ...
Clausilia dubia
''Clausilia dubia'' is a species of small, very elongate, left-handed air-breathing land snail, a sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.MolluscaBase eds. ( ...
Cochlodina laminata
''Cochlodina laminata'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cochlodina A. Férussa ...
Papillifera papillaris
''Papillifera papillaris'', also known as ''Papillifera bidens'', is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. This is a Mediterranean ...
Testacella maugei
''Testacella maugei'' is a species of air-breathing, carnivorous land slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs.Marshall, B. (2014). Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819. Accessed through: World Register ...
'' A. Férussac, 1822 - introduced?
* ''
Testacella haliotidea
The shelled slug, scientific name ''Testacella haliotidea'', is a rarely seen, air-breathing, carnivorous land slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs.Marshall, B. (2014). Testacella haliotidea Lamar ...
Helicodontidae
Helicodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks i ...
Cochlicellidae
Cochlicellidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
The family Cochlicellidae has no sub ...
Hygromiidae
Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909
Anatomy
Some snails in genera within this family create ...
Cernuella aginnica
''Cernuella aginnica'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Cernuella aginnica (Locard, 1882). Accessed through: World Regist ...
'' (Locard, 1894) - introduced
* ''
Cernuella neglecta
''Cernuella neglecta'', the dune snail, is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Geomitridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805). Accessed t ...
Helicella itala
''Helicella itala'' is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Helicella itala (Linn ...
'' ''itala'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Hygromia cinctella
''Hygromia cinctella'', known commonly as the girdled snail, is a small European species of air-breathing land snail, native to the Mediterranean region, that belongs to the terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk subfamily ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1801) - introduced
* ''
Hygromia limbata
''Hygromia limbata'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hygromia limbata (Draparnaud, 1805). Accessed through: World Regist ...
Monacha cantiana
''Monacha cantiana'', common name the "Kentish snail" or "Kentish garden snail", is a species of medium-sized air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Dist ...
'' (Montagu, 1803) - introduced
* ''
Monacha cartusiana
''Monacha cartusiana'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.Helix cartusiana var. depressa Caziot, 1909 (invalid; preoccupied)
Mona ...
Trochulus hispidus
''Trochulus hispidus'', previously known as ''Trichia hispida'', common name, the "hairy snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. ...
Bradybaenidae
Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae, superfamily Helicoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898). Acc ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Fruticicola fruticum
''Fruticicola fruticum'' is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Fruticicola fruticum (Müller, 1774). Accessed throug ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - probably introduced, now extinct in G.B.
;
Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails."
A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including ''Cornu aspersum'' (formerly ''Helix aspersa'') the b ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Arianta arbustorum
''Arianta arbustorum'' is a medium-sized species of land snail, sometimes known as the "copse snail", a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758). ...
Theba pisana
''Theba pisana'', common names the white garden snail, sand hill snail, white Italian snail, Mediterranean coastal snail, and simply just the Mediterranean snail, is an edible species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmon ...
'' ''pisana'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - introduced
* ''
Cepaea nemoralis
The grove snail, brown-lipped snail or Lemon snail (''Cepaea nemoralis'') is a species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often de ...
'' ''nemoralis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Cepaea hortensis
The white-lipped snail or garden banded snail, scientific name ''Cepaea hortensis'', is a medium-sized species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae. It is a close rel ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Cornu aspersum
''Cornu aspersum'' (syn. ''Cryptomphalus aspersus''), known by the common name garden snail, is a species of land snail in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most familiar land snails. Of all terrestrial molluscs, this species may ...
Helix lucorum
''Helix lucorum'' is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed throu ...
'' Linnaeus, 1758 - introduced
* ''
Helix pomatia
''Helix pomatia'', common names the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or escargot, is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
'' Linnaeus, 1758 - introduced?
Bivalvia
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of w ...
;
Margaritiferidae
Margaritiferidae is a family of medium-sized freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs in the order Unionida. Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)licence. It is the m ...
- aquatic
* ''
Margaritifera margaritifera
The freshwater pearl mussel (''Margaritifera margaritifera'') is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Margaritiferidae.
Although the name "freshwater pearl mussel" is often used for this species, ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758) E
;
Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.
The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse ...
Anodonta anatina
''Anodonta'' is a genus of freshwater mussels in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* ''Anodonta anatina'' Linné, 1758 – duck mussel
* '' Anodonta beringiana'' Middendorff, 1851 – Yukon f ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Anodonta cygnea
The swan mussel, ''Anodonta cygnea'', is a large species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Because of its morphological variability and its wide range of distribution, there are over ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Pseudanodonta complanata
The depressed river mussel or compressed river mussel, ''Pseudanodonta complanata'', is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. The species name comes from the flattened shape of i ...
'' (Rossmässler, 1835) E
;
Sphaeriidae
Sphaeriidae is a family of small to minute freshwater bivalve molluscs in the order Sphaeriida. In the US, they are commonly known as pea clams or fingernail clams. Heard, William H. 1977. Reproduction of fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae: ''Sphaeri ...
- aquatic
* ''
Sphaerium corneum
''Sphaerium corneum'', also known as the European fingernailclam, is a very small freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Sphaeriidae, the fingernail clams.
Description
The shell is fairly globular and can grow up to 9–13.5& ...
Sphaerium nucleus
''Sphaerium nucleus'' is a freshwater bivalve of the family Sphaeriidae. It has been often confused with ''Sphaerium corneum'' and is consequently quite poorly known.
Description
''Sphaerium nucleus'' is a very small bivalve which may grow up to ...
Musculium lacustre
''Musculium lacustre'' is a species of small freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae, the fingernail clams and pea clams.
Description
The 8–11 mm. shell is oval to quadrangular in shape. The umbos which are ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Musculium transversum
''Musculium transversum'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from the family Sphaeriidae.
Distribution and conservation status
* Not listed in IUCN red list
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Sp ...
'' (Say, 1829)
* ''
Pisidium amnicum
''Pisidium amnicum'' is a species of very small freshwater clam, sometimes known as the greater European peaclam or the River pea shell. It is an aquatic bivalve in the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
Although only 9 mm (range 7–11& ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* ''
Pisidium casertanum
''Pisidium casertanum'', the pea cockle or pea clam, is a minute freshwater bivalve mollusc of the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
The shell is broad, sub-triangular or oval and is ornamented with sculpture of faint concentric striations. ...
Pisidium henslowanum
''Pisidium henslowanum'' is a species of very small freshwater clam or pea clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae. It is commonly referred to as the Henslow peaclam.
Etymology
The specific name honours John Stevens Henslo ...
'' (Sheppard, 1823)
* ''
Pisidium hibernicum
''Pisidium hibernicum'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
The 2.5-3.5mm. shell is very inflated (convex) hence the common name Globular Pea Shell. The central umbos is prominent. The periostracum (surfa ...
'' Westerlund, 1894
* ''
Pisidium lilljeborgii
''Pisidium lilljeborgii'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
A moderately swollen (tumid), trapezoidal shell. The umbos are just behind the mid point and described as fairly narrow. The surface (periostra ...
Pisidium moitessierianum
''Pisidium moitessierianum'' is a species of minute freshwater clam. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
This species is the smallest of the pea clams or ''Pisidium'' species, and the smallest of any ...
'' Paladilhe, 1866
* ''
Pisidium nitidum
''Pisidium nitidum'', the shining pea clam, is a species of minute freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae, the pea clams and fingernail clams.
Description
The 3 – 4 mm. shell is slightly tumid (swollen). ...
'' Jenyns, 1832
* ''
Pisidium obtusale
''Pisidium obtusale'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from family Sphaeriidae.
Description
The 2.5–3.5mm. shell is very tumid (swollen). It is an angular-oval shape with broad, rounded umbos which are behind the midpoint. The surface (perio ...
'' (Lamarck, 1818)
* ''
Pisidium personatum
''Pisidium personatum'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
The 2.5-3.5 mm shell is a characteristic round-regular oval shape. It has centrally placed low, rounded umbos. The surface (periostracum) is ...
Pisidium pseudosphaerium
''Pisidium pseudosphaerium'' is a species of freshwater bivalve from family Sphaeriidae.
Description
The 2.5-3.2mm shell is a flattened, regular, slightly angulated oval shape with low central umbos. The surface is silky with very fine concentri ...
Pisidium supinum
''Pisidium supinum'' is a species of minute freshwater clam, a pea clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae (the fingernail clams and pea clams.)
The shell of this species is 3 to 5 mm in size, and is roughly triangula ...
Dreissenidae
The Dreissenidae are a family of small freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs. They attach themselves to stones or to any other hard surface using a byssus. The shells of these bivalves are shaped somewhat like those of true mussels, and t ...
- aquatic
* ''
Dreissena polymorpha
The zebra mussel (''Dreissena polymorpha'') is a small freshwater mussel. The species originates from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine, but has been accidentally Introduced species, introduced to numerous other areas and has become an inv ...
'' (Pallas, 1771) - introduced
* ''
Mytilopsis leucophaeata
''Mytilopsis leucophaeata'' is a species of small bivalve mollusc in the false mussel family, Dreissenidae. It is commonly known as Conrad's false mussel or the dark false mussel.
Identification
It can look very similar to the zebra mussel, wit ...
'' (Conrad, 1831) - introduced
;
Corbiculidae
The Corbiculidae are a family of clams in the mollusc order Venerida. They are known commonly as basket clams. The family name comes from the root ''corbus'' ("basket"), and was inspired by the concentric ribbing of the shells.Glaubrecht, M., et ...
- aquatic
* ''
Corbicula fluminea
''Corbicula fluminea'' is a species of freshwater clam native to eastern Asia which has become a successful invasive species throughout North America, South America, and Europe. ''Corbicula fluminea'' is commonly known in the west as the Asian cl ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) - introduced
List of "hothouse alien" species
This group of exotic land and freshwater species are not truly part of the fauna because they do not live in the wild. Many are tropical and thus are incapable of surviving in the wild in Great Britain; instead they have established themselves as uninvited inhabitants of
greenhouse
A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse, or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of Transparent ceramics, transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic condit ...
s, aquaria within greenhouses, and similar artificially-heated habitats.
;
Thiaridae
Thiaridae, common name thiarids or trumpet snails, is a family of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823). A ...
- aquatic
* ''
Melanoides tuberculata
The red-rimmed melania (''Melanoides tuberculata''), also known as Malayan livebearing snails or Malayan/Malaysian trumpet snails (often abbreviated to MTS) by aquarists, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, a parthenogenetic, a ...
'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)
;
Gastrodontidae
Gastrodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Zonitoides arboreus
''Zonitoides arboreus'', commonly known as the quick gloss snail, is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Gastrodontidae.
Distribution
The native distribution of ''Z. arboreus'' ...
'' (Say, 1816)
;
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila.
Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily ...
- aquatic
* ''
Radix rubiginosa
''Radix rubiginosa'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.
This species is sometimes treated as a subspecies of ''Radix auricularia''.
Distribution
This spe ...
'' (Michelin, 1831), native to Indo-China and Indonesia
;
Planorbidae
Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin ins ...
Planorbella duryi
''Planorbella duryi'', common name the Seminole rams-horn, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is endemic to Florida and is found frequently ...
'' (Wetherby, 1879)
;
Pleurodiscidae
Pleurodiscus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.
''Pleurodiscus'' is the only genus in the family Pleurodiscidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Pleurodiscus'' ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Pleurodiscus balmei
''Pleurodiscus balmei'' is a Mediterranean European species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Pleurodiscidae.
Distribution
This species is known to occur in a number of countries and islands inc ...
'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1835)
;
Pristilomatidae
Pristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.
According to the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi these snails belong to the "limacoid ...
- terrestrial
* ''
Hawaiia minuscula
''Hawaiia minuscula'', common name the minute gem or minute gem snail, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pristilomatidae.
Distribution
The indigen ...
'' (Binney, 1841)
;
Helicodiscidae
Helicodiscidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Genera
Genera within the family i ...
Gulella io
''Gulella io'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as moll ...
'' Verdcourt, 1974
;
Subulinidae
Subulininae is a subfamily of small tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae.
Distribution
Worldwide.
- terrestrial
* ''
Allopeas clavulinum
''Allopeas clavulinum'', common name the spike awlsnail, is a species of small, tropical, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. This species is also known as ''Lamellaxis clavulinus''.
Su ...
'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)
* ''
Opeas hannense
''Opeas hannense'', common name the dwarf awlsnail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae.
Distribution
Non-indigenous:
* Great Britain
Great Britain is an ...
Striosubulina
''Striosubulina'' is a genus of small, tropical, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae
Achatinidae (New Latin, from Greek "''agate''") is a family of medium to large sized tropical la ...
List of endangered species in the British Isles
This is a list of United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan species. Some suffer because of loss of habitat, but many are in decline following the introduction of foreign species, which out-compete the native species or carry disease.
See also th ...
List of non-marine molluscs of Ireland
This list of the non-marine molluscs of Ireland comprises 165 species of non-marine molluscs which have been recorded as part of the fauna of Ireland. These are terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, and bivalves; the list does not include species of ...
*
List of non-marine molluscs of the Netherlands
This list of non-marine molluscs of the Netherlands is a list of all molluscs other than the marine (salt water) species that live in the Netherlands. This list comprises land snails and slugs, freshwater snails and freshwater clams and mussels. T ...
*
Arthur Erskine Ellis
Arthur Erskine Ellis (1 October 1902 – 28 February 1983), often known as A.E. Ellis, was a British scientist, biologist and naturalist. Ellis is best known for his large number of malacological publications, including some which became ess ...
, an important 20th century author on non-marine molluscs of the UK
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...