The following is a partial list of the "D" codes for

Medical Subject Headings Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States N ...

(MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (D26). Codes following these are found at

List of MeSH codes (E01) The following is a partial list of the "E" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (D27). Codes following these are ...

. For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set o
2006 MeSH Trees
from the NLM.

– chemical actions and uses

– pharmacologic actions

– molecular mechanisms of action

* – alkylating agents * – antineoplastic agents, alkylating * – angiotensin ii type 1 receptor blockers * – antacids * –

antimetabolites An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the antifolates ...

* – antilipemic agents * – anticholesteremic agents * – hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors * – lipotropic agents * – antimetabolites, antineoplastic * – antioxidants * – free radical scavengers * – chelating agents * – iron chelating agents * – siderophores * –

enzyme activators Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity. They are the opposite of enzyme inhibitors. These molecules are often involved in the allosteric regulation of enzymes in the control of metabolism. An example of a ...

* – gtp phosphohydrolase activators * – enzyme inhibitors * – aromatase inhibitors * –

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, ...

* –

cholinesterase inhibitors Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also known as anti-cholinesterase, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or butyrylcholine. This increases the amount of the acetylcholine or butyrylcholine in the syn ...

* –

cyclooxygenase inhibitors Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of ...

* – cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors * – folic acid antagonists * – hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors * – integrase inhibitors * – hiv integrase inhibitors * – lipoxygenase inhibitors * – monoamine oxidase inhibitors * – nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors * –

reverse-transcriptase inhibitors Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, and in some cases hepatitis B. RTIs inhibit activity of reverse transcriptase, a viral DNA polymerase that is required for replicat ...

* – phosphodiesterase inhibitors * – protease inhibitors * – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors * – cysteine proteinase inhibitors * – hiv protease inhibitors * – serine proteinase inhibitors * – trypsin inhibitors * – protein kinase inhibitors * –

protein synthesis inhibitors A protein synthesis inhibitor is a compound that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins. While a broad interpretation of this definition could be used ...

* – uncoupling agents * – enzyme reactivators * –

cholinesterase reactivators Cholinesterase reactivators are drugs that reverses the inhibition of cholinesterase by organophosphate In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general ...

* – fibrin modulating agents * – antifibrinolytic agents * – fibrinolytic agents * – heparin antagonists * – hiv fusion inhibitors * – membrane transport modulators * – calcium channel agonists * –

calcium channel blockers Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium () through calcium channels. Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as ...

* – ionophores * – potassium channel blockers * – sodium channel blockers * – sodium chloride symporter inhibitors * – sodium potassium chloride symporter inhibitors * – mitosis modulators * –

antimitotic agents Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherap ...

* – tubulin modulators * – mitogens * – neurotransmitter agents * – adrenergic agents * – adrenergic agonists * – adrenergic alpha-agonists * –

adrenergic beta-agonists Beta2-adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of pharmaceutical drug, drugs that act on the Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, β2 adrenergic receptor. Like other Beta-adrenergic agonist, β adrenergic agonis ...

* – adrenergic antagonists * – adrenergic alpha-antagonists * – adrenergic beta-antagonists * – adrenergic uptake inhibitors * –

cholinergic agents Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine. In general, the word " choline" describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the ''N'',''N'',''N''-trimethylethanolammonium cation ...

* – cholinergic agonists * – muscarinic agonists * –

nicotinic agonists A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR is named for its affinity for nicotine. Examples include nicotine (by definition), acetylcholine (the endogenous a ...

* –

cholinergic antagonists Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system ...

* – muscarinic antagonists * – nicotinic antagonists * –

* –

* – dopamine agents * – dopamine agonists * –

dopamine antagonists A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. Most antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, and as such they have fo ...

* – dopamine uptake inhibitors * – endocannabinoids * – excitatory amino acid agents * – excitatory amino acid agonists * – excitatory amino acid antagonists * – GABA agents * – GABA agonists * – GABA antagonists * – GABA modulators * – glycine agents * – histamine agents * –

histamine agonists A histamine agonist is a drug which causes increased activity at one or more of the four histamine receptor subtypes. H2: Betazole and Impromidine are examples of agonists used in diagnostics to increase histamine. H3: Betahistine is a weak Hist ...

* – histamine antagonists * – histamine h1 antagonists * – histamine h1 antagonists, non-sedating * – histamine h2 antagonists * – neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors * – adrenergic uptake inhibitors * – dopamine uptake inhibitors * –

serotonin uptake inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions. SSRIs increase the extracell ...

* – serotonin agents * – serotonin agonists * – serotonin antagonists * –

* – nitric oxide donors

– physiological effects of drugs

* – antispermatogenic agents * – sperm immobilizing agents * – spermatocidal agents * – spermatogenesis-blocking agents * – astringents * – bone density conservation agents * –

central nervous system depressants A depressant, or central depressant, is a drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain. Depressants are also colloquially referred to as downers as they lower the ...

* – anesthetics * – anesthetics, combined * – anesthetics, general * – anesthetics, inhalation * – anesthetics, intravenous * – anesthetics, dissociative * – anesthetics, local * –

hypnotics and sedatives A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but t ...

* –

narcotics The term narcotic (, from ancient Greek ναρκῶ ''narkō'', "to make numb") originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with numbing or paralyzing properties. In the United States, it has since become associated with opiates ...

* – tranquilizing agents * – anti-anxiety agents * – antimanic agents * –

antipsychotic agents Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of Psychiatric medication, psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but ...

* – central nervous system stimulants * – aphrodisiacs * – appetite stimulants * –

convulsants A convulsant is a drug which induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, the opposite of an anticonvulsant. These drugs generally act as stimulants at low doses, but are not used for this purpose due to the risk of convulsions and consequent exc ...

* – emetics * – endocrine disruptors * – growth substances * – angiogenesis modulating agents * – angiogenesis inducing agents * – angiogenesis inhibitors * – growth inhibitors * – angiogenesis inhibitors * – micronutrients * – trace elements * – vitamins * –

vitamin b complex B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. Though these vitamins share similar names (B1, B2, B3, etc.), they are chemically distinct compounds that often co ...

* – plant growth regulators * – hallucinogens * – hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists * –

hormone antagonists ''For the use of hormone antagonists in cancer, see hormonal therapy (oncology)'' A hormone antagonist is a specific type of receptor antagonist which acts upon hormone receptor A hormone receptor is a receptor molecule that binds to a specific ...

* –

aldosterone antagonists An antimineralocorticoid, also known as a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This group of drugs is often u ...

* – androgen antagonists * –

antithyroid agents An antithyroid agent is a hormone antagonist acting upon thyroid hormones. The main antithyroid drugs are carbimazole (in the UK), methimazole (in the US), and propylthiouracil (PTU). A less common antithyroid agent is potassium perchlorate. Grave ...

* – estrogen receptor modulators * – estrogen antagonists * – estradiol antagonists * – selective estrogen receptor modulators * – insulin antagonists * –

leukotriene antagonists Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) and the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. Leukotriene ...

* – prostaglandin antagonists * –

hormones A hormone (from the Ancient Greek, Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of cell signaling, signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and beh ...

* – anabolic agents * – androgens * – endocannabinoids * – estrogens * – estrogens, non-steroidal * – phytoestrogens * – glucocorticoids * – mineralocorticoids * – progestins * –

* – hypoglycemic agents * – immunologic factors * – agglutinins * –

hemagglutinins Hemagglutination, or haemagglutination, is a specific form of agglutination that involves red blood cells (RBCs). It has two common uses in the laboratory: blood typing and the quantification of virus dilutions in a haemagglutination assay. Bl ...

* – biological response modifiers * –

adjuvants, immunologic In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word ''adiuvare'', meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that ...

* – interferon inducers * –

immunosuppressive agents Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications, are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system. Classification Immunosuppressive drugs can be classified int ...

* – complement inactivating agents * – myeloablative agonists * – muscle relaxants, central * –

narcotic antagonists An opioid antagonist, or opioid receptor antagonist, is a receptor antagonist that acts on one or more of the opioid receptors. Naloxone and naltrexone are commonly used opioid antagonist drugs which are competitive antagonists that bind to the ...

* – natriuretic agents * – antidiuretic agents * – diuretics * – diuretics, osmotic * – neurotransmitter agents * – adrenergic agents * – adrenergic agonists * – adrenergic alpha-agonists * –

* – adrenergic antagonists * – adrenergic alpha-antagonists * – adrenergic beta-antagonists * – adrenergic uptake inhibitors * –

* – cholinergic agonists * – muscarinic agonists * –

* –

* – muscarinic antagonists * – nicotinic antagonists * –

* –

* – dopamine agents * – dopamine agonists * –

* – dopamine uptake inhibitors * – excitatory amino acid agents * – excitatory amino acid agonists * – excitatory amino acid antagonists * – GABA agents * – GABA agonists * – GABA antagonists * – GABA modulators * – glycine agents * – histamine agents * –

* – serotonin agents * – serotonin agonists * – serotonin antagonists * –

* – peripheral nervous system agents * – autonomic agents * – antiemetics * – bronchoconstrictor agents * – bronchodilator agents * – emetics * –

ganglionic blockers A ganglionic blocker (or ganglioplegic) is a type of medication that inhibits transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system, often by acting as a nicotinic receptor antagonist. Nicotinic acetylcholin ...

* – ganglionic stimulants * –

miotics Miosis, or myosis (), is excessive constriction of the pupil.Farlex medical dictionary
citing: ...

* – mydriatics * –

parasympatholytics A parasympatholytic agent is a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. (The parasympathetic nervous system is often colloquially described as the "Feed and Breed" or "Rest and Digest" portion of the aut ...

* –

parasympathomimetics A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acet ...

* –

sympatholytics A sympatholytic (or sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are indicated for various functions; for example, ...

* –

sympathomimetics Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart ...

* – neuromuscular agents * – muscle relaxants, central * – neuromuscular blocking agents * – neuromuscular depolarizing agents * –

neuromuscular nondepolarizing agent Neuromuscular-blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors. In clin ...

s * – sensory system agents * – analgesics * – analgesics, non-narcotic * – anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal * –

* – cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors * – anesthetics, local * – protective agents * –

antidotes An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον ''(pharmakon) antidoton'', "(medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are s ...

* – antimutagenic agents * – antioxidants * – cariostatic agents * – cryoprotective agents * – neuroprotective agents * – radiation-protective agents * – sunscreening agents * – radiation-sensitizing agents * –

photosensitizing agents Photosensitizers produce a physicochemical change in a neighboring molecule by either donating an electron to the substrate or by abstracting a hydrogen atom from the substrate. At the end of this process, the photosensitizer eventually returns to ...

oxytocics A uterotonic, also known as ecbolic, are pharmacological agents used to induce contraction or greater tonicity of the uterus. Uterotonics are used both to induce labor and to reduce postpartum hemorrhage. Labor induction in the third trimester of ...

* – tocolytic agents

– therapeutic uses

* – anti-allergic agents * – anti-infective agents * – anti-bacterial agents * – antibiotics, antitubercular * – antitreponemal agents * – antitubercular agents * – antibiotics, antitubercular * – leprostatic agents * –

antifungal agents An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as c ...

* – antibiotics, antifungal * – anti-infective agents, local * – anti-infective agents, urinary * – antiparasitic agents * – anthelmintics * – antinematodal agents * – filaricides * – antiplatyhelmintic agents * – anticestodal agents * – schistosomicides * – antiprotozoal agents * – amebicides * –

antimalarials Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young ...

* – antitrichomonal agents * – coccidiostats * – trypanocidal agents * –

antiviral agents Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do n ...

* – anti-retroviral agents * – anti-hiv agents * – hiv fusion inhibitors * – hiv integrase inhibitors * – hiv protease inhibitors * –

* – disinfectants * – contact lens solutions * – dental disinfectants * – anti-inflammatory agents * – anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal * –

* – cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors * – antilipemic agents * – anticholesteremic agents * – hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors * – lipotropic agents * – antineoplastic agents * – angiogenesis inhibitors * – antibiotics, antineoplastic * – anticarcinogenic agents * – antimetabolites, antineoplastic * –

* – antineoplastic agents, alkylating * – antineoplastic agents, hormonal * – antineoplastic agents, phytogenic * – myeloablative agonists * – antirheumatic agents * – anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal * – gout suppressants * – uricosuric agents * – cardiovascular agents * – anti-arrhythmia agents * – antihypertensive agents * –

* – cardioplegic solutions * – cardiotonic agents * – fibrinolytic agents * – natriuretic agents * – nitric oxide donors * – potassium channel blockers * – sclerosing solutions * – sodium channel blockers * – vasoconstrictor agents * – calcium channel agonists * –

nasal decongestants Topical decongestants are decongestants applied directly to the nasal cavity. Their effectiveness by themselves in the common cold appears to have a small benefit in adults. Topical decongestants should only be used by patients for a maximum of 5� ...

* – vasodilator agents * – endothelium-dependent relaxing factors * – central nervous system agents * – adjuvants, anesthesia * – alcohol deterrents * – analgesics * – analgesics, non-narcotic * – analgesics, opioid * –

anticonvulsants Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs or recently as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of b ...

* – anti-dyskinesia agents * – antiparkinson agents * – antiemetics * – anti-obesity agents * – appetite depressants * – antitussive agents * –

* – anesthetics * – anesthetics, combined * – anesthetics, general * – anesthetics, inhalation * – anesthetics, intravenous * – anesthetics, dissociative * – anesthetics, local * –

* –

* – tranquilizing agents * – anti-anxiety agents * – antimanic agents * –

* – central nervous system stimulants * – aphrodisiacs * – appetite stimulants * –

* – emetics * – hallucinogens * –

* – muscle relaxants, central * –

* – neuroprotective agents * – nootropic agents * – psychotropic drugs * – antidepressive agents * – antidepressive agents, second-generation * – antidepressive agents, tricyclic * – hallucinogens * – tranquilizing agents * – anti-anxiety agents * – antimanic agents * –

* – dermatologic agents * – antipruritics * – astringents * – emollients * – keratolytic agents * –

* – sunscreening agents * – gastrointestinal agents * –

antidiarrheals An anti-diarrhoeal drug (or anti-diarrheal drug in American English) is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. Types * Electrolyte solutions, while not true antidiarrhoeals, are used to replace lost fluids and salts in ac ...

* – antiemetics * – anti-ulcer agents * – cathartics * – cholagogues and choleretics * – emetics * – lipotropic agents * – hematologic agents * – anticoagulants * – antisickling agents * – blood substitutes * – plasma substitutes * – coagulants * – hemostatics * – antifibrinolytic agents * – heparin antagonists * – fibrinolytic agents * – hematinics * – platelet aggregation inhibitors * –

renal agents The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood ...

* – tocolytic agents * – respiratory system agents * – anti-asthmatic agents * – bronchodilator agents * – antitussive agents * – bronchoconstrictor agents * – expectorants * –

* –

pulmonary surfactants Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water inte ...

* – stimulants (historical)

– specialty uses of chemicals

– adhesives

– agrochemicals

* – fertilizers

– biomedical and dental materials

* –

biocompatible materials A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose, either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. As a science, biomateria ...

* – bone cements * – cariogenic agents * – cariostatic agents * – dental materials * –

mouthwashes Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse, or mouth bath is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back ...

* – tissue adhesives

– caustics

– chelating agents

* – iron chelating agents

– coloring agents

* – chromogenic compounds * – fluorescent dyes * – food coloring agents

– contrast media

– cosmetics

* –

antiperspirants A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent or mask body odor due to bacterial breakdown of perspiration or vaginal secretions, for example in the armpits, groin, or feet. A subclass of deodorants, called antiperspirants, prevents s ...

* – dentifrices * – toothpaste * – deodorants * – hair preparations * – hair dyes * –

* – perfume * – sunscreening agents

– disinfectants

* – contact lens solutions * – dental disinfectants

– dosage forms

* – capsules * – colloids * –

aerosols An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or anthropogenic. Examples of natural aerosols are fog or mist, dust, forest exudates, and geyser steam. Examples of anthrop ...

* – aerosol propellants * –

emulsions An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Althoug ...

* – gels * –

suspensions In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually ...

* – delayed-action preparations * – drug implants * – tablets, enteric-coated * –

drug carriers A drug carrier or drug vehicle is a substrate used in the process of drug delivery which serves to improve the selectivity, effectiveness, and/or safety of drug administration. Drug carriers are primarily used to control the release of drugs into ...

* – liposomes * – virosomes * –

liniments Liniment (from la, linere, meaning "to anoint"), also called embrocation and heat rub, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin. Some liniments have viscosity similar to that of water; others are lotion or balm; still other ...

* –

ointments A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes ...

* – pharmaceutical solutions * – cardioplegic solutions * – dialysis solutions * – hemodialysis solutions * – ophthalmic solutions * – sclerosing solutions * – powders * –

suppositories A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects. There are three types of suppositories, each to insert into a different sections: rectal su ...

* – tablets * – tablets, enteric-coated * – vaginal creams, foams and jellies

– fixatives

– flame retardants

– flavoring agents

* – sweetening agents

– food additives

* –

fat substitutes In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food. The term often refers specifically to triglycerides (triple est ...

* – food coloring agents * –

food preservatives Food preservation includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the redox, oxidation of fats. This slows down the decomposition and rancidification process. Food preservation may also include processes that in ...

– ionophores

– irritants

* – tear gases

– laboratory chemicals

* – buffers * – ampholyte mixtures * – culture media * – culture media, conditioned * – culture media, serum-free * – coloring agents * – fluorescent dyes * – indicators and reagents * – affinity labels * – photoaffinity labels * – chromogenic compounds * – cross-linking reagents * – intercalating agents * – luminescent agents * – fluorescent dyes * – radiopharmaceuticals * – reagent kits, diagnostic * – reagent strips * – reducing agents * – sulfhydryl reagents * – thiobarbituric acid reactive substances * – ion exchange resins * – anion exchange resins * – cation exchange resins * –

ligands In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electro ...

* – molecular probes * – nucleic acid probes * – antisense elements (genetics) * – DNA, antisense * – oligodeoxyribonucleotides, antisense * – oligonucleotides, antisense * – oligodeoxyribonucleotides, antisense * – oligoribonucleotides, antisense * – rna, antisense * – oligoribonucleotides, antisense * – DNA probes * – DNA, complementary * – DNA primers * – DNA probes, hla * – DNA probes, hpv * – oligonucleotide probes * – rna probes * – rna, complementary

– oxidants

* – oxidants, photochemical

–
pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...

* – chemosterilants * – fungicides, industrial * –

herbicides Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weedkillers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page fo ...

* – defoliants, chemical * – insect repellents * – insecticides * – molluscacides * – pesticide synergists * – rodenticides

– pharmaceutic aids

* – adjuvants, pharmaceutic * – ointment bases * – preservatives, pharmaceutical * – vehicles * – excipients

– plasticizers

– poisons

* – chemical warfare agents

– protective agents

* –

* – antimutagenic agents * – antioxidants * – cardiotonic agents * – cariostatic agents * – cryoprotective agents * – radiation-protective agents * – sunscreening agents

– riot control agents, chemical

* – irritants * – tear gases

–
solvents A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for p ...

– surface-active agents

* – antifoaming agents * – detergents * – soaps * –

emulsifying agents An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although ...

* – immunosorbents * – iodophors * –

wetting agents Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming a ...

– sweetening agents

– toxic actions

–
environmental pollutants Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

* –

air pollutants Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ...

* – air pollutants, environmental * – oxidants, photochemical * – air pollutants, occupational * – air pollutants, radioactive * – endocrine disruptors * – hazardous substances * –

industrial waste Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, mills, and mining operations. Types of industrial waste include dirt and ...

* – soil pollutants * – soil pollutants, radioactive * – water pollutants * – water pollutants, chemical * – water pollutants, radioactive

– noxae

* – alkylating agents * – antineoplastic agents, alkylating * –

* – antimetabolites, antineoplastic * – antispermatogenic agents * – sperm immobilizing agents * – spermatocidal agents * – spermatogenesis-blocking agents * – carcinogens * – carcinogens, environmental * – peroxisome proliferators * – caustics * – cytotoxins * –

hemolysins Hemolysins or haemolysins are lipids and proteins that cause lysis of red blood cells by disrupting the cell membrane. Although the lytic activity of some microbe-derived hemolysins on red blood cells may be of great importance for nutrient acqu ...

* – leukocidins * – dermotoxins * – immunotoxins * – irritants * – tear gases * – mutagens * – aneugens * – neurotoxins * – oxidants * – oxidants, photochemical * – poisons * – chemical warfare agents * –

pyrogens Fever, also referred to as pyrexia, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using val ...

* – riot control agents, chemical * – irritants * – tear gases * – teratogens

–
pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...

* – chemosterilants * – fungicides, industrial * –

* – defoliants, chemical * – insect repellents * – insecticides * – molluscacides * – pesticide residues * – pesticide synergists * – rodenticides ---- The list continues at

. {{MeSH codes D27

– chemical actions and uses

– pharmacologic actions

– molecular mechanisms of action

– physiological effects of drugs

– therapeutic uses

– specialty uses of chemicals

– adhesives

– agrochemicals

– biomedical and dental materials

– caustics

– chelating agents

– coloring agents

– contrast media

– cosmetics

– disinfectants

– dosage forms

– fixatives

– flame retardants

– flavoring agents

– food additives

– ionophores

– irritants

– laboratory chemicals

– oxidants

– pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...

– pharmaceutic aids

– plasticizers

– poisons

– protective agents

– riot control agents, chemical

– solvents A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for p ...

– surface-active agents

– sweetening agents

– toxic actions

– environmental pollutants Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

– noxae

– pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...

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pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...

–
solvents A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for p ...

–
environmental pollutants Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

–
pesticides Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampric ...