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Coccidiostats
A coccidiostat is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites. Examples include: * Amprolium * Arprinocid * Artemether * Clazuril * Clopidol * Decoquinate * Diclazuril * Dinitolmide * Ethopabate * Halofuginone * Lasalocid * Monensin * Narasin * Nicarbazin * Oryzalin * Ponazuril * Robenidine * Roxarsone * Salinomycin * Spiramycin * Sulfadiazine * Sulfadimethoxine * Toltrazuril Toltrazuril is a coccidiostat. See also * Clazuril * Diclazuril * Ponazuril Ponazuril ( INN), sold by Merial, Inc., now part of Boehringer Ingelheim, under the trade name Marquis® (15% w/w ponazuril), is a drug currently approved for the tre ... References Antiprotozoal agents {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicarbazin
Nicarbazin is a coccidiostat used on meat chickens. It is also used as a contraceptive for population control of Canada geese and feral pigeons. It is also a wide-spectrum anti-parasitic drug approved for veterinary use, effective on ''Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia sp. and Mesocestoides sp.''. Known brand names for specific countries include: * Carbigran (the United States) * Ceva Nicarbazin (South Africa) * Cycarb (New Zealand) * Keymix (Australia) * Koffogran (South Africa) * Kofozin (Israel) * Nicarb 25% (the United States) * Nicarbazin (Israel) * Nicarbazin Elanco (the United States) * Nicarbmax 100% (New Zealand) * Nicarmix (the United States) * Ovistop (Italy and Costa Rica) * OvoControl (the United States) * PhiCarb (Australia) * R-12 (Belgium) From the chemical point of view, nicarbazin is an equimolar complex formed by 1,3 - bis (4- nitrophenyl) urea and 4-6 dimethy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoquinate
Decoquinate is a quinolone coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutri .... References Further reading * Antiparasitic agents 4-Quinolones Catechol ethers Carboxylate esters Ethyl esters {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monensin
Monensin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from ''Streptomyces cinnamonensis''. It is widely used in ruminant animal feeds. The structure of monensin was first described by Agtarap et al. in 1967, and was the first polyether antibiotic to have its structure elucidated in this way. The first total synthesis of monensin was reported in 1979 by Kishi et al. Mechanism of action Monensin A is an ionophore related to the crown ethers with a preference to form complexes with monovalent cations such as: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Ag+, and Tl+. Monensin A is able to transport these cations across lipid membranes of cells in an electroneutral (i.e. non-depolarizing) exchange, playing an important role as an Na+/H+ antiporter. Recent studies have shown that monensin may transport sodium ion through the membrane in both electrogenic and electroneutral manner. This approach explains ionophoric ability and in consequence antibacterial properties of not only parental monensin, but also its derivative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine (or sulphadimethoxine, trade names Di-Methox or Albon) is a long-lasting sulfonamide antimicrobial medication used in veterinary medicine. It is used to treat many infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections and can be given as a standalone or combined with ormetoprim to broaden the target range. Like all sulfamides, sulfadimethoxine inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid by acting as a competitive inhibitor against PABA. It is the most common drug prescribed to dogs who have coccidiosis. Mechanism Like other sulfonamides, sulfadimethoxine is a dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor. Bacteria and some protozoa are unable to obtain folic acid from the environment, and must instead synthesize it by converting PABA ( ''para''-aminobenzoate) to dihydropteroate using the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. Sulfonamides act as a competitive inhibitor; being structurally similar to PABA, they are able to bind to the enzyme's act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic. Used together with pyrimethamine, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis, which is caused by a protozoan parasite. It is a second-line treatment for otitis media, prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, chancroid, chlamydia, and infections by ''Haemophilus influenzae''. It is also used as adjunct therapy for chloroquine-resistant malaria and several forms of bacterial meningitis. It is taken by mouth. Sulfadiazine is available in multiple generic tablets of 500 mg. For urinary tract infections, the usual dose is 4 to 6 grams daily in 3 to 6 divided doses. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, and pancreatitis. It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems, or porphyria. If used during pregnancy, it may increase the risk of kernicterus in the baby. While the company that makes it does not recommend use during breastfeeding, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiramycin
Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Another treatment option (typically used after 16w gestation) are a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (given with leucovorin). Spiramycin has been used in Europe since the year 2000 under the trade name A trade name, trading name, or business name, is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is a "fictitious" business name. Registering the fictitious name w ... "Rovamycine", produced by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Sanofi and Famar Lyon, France and Eczacıbaşı İlaç, Turkey. It also goes under the name Rovamycine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salinomycin
Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug. Antibacterial activity Salinomycin and its derivatives exhibit high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including the most problematic bacteria strains such as methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus epidermidis'', and ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''. Salinomycin is inactive against fungi such as ''Candida'' and Gram-negative bacteria. Cancer research Pre-clinical Salinomycin has been shown by Piyush Gupta et al. of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Broad Institute to kill breast cancer stem cells in mice at least 100 times more effectively than the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel. The study screened 16,000 different chemical compounds and found that only a small subset, including salinomycin and etoposide, targeted cancer stem cells responsible for metastasis and relapse. The mechanism of action by which salinomyci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roxarsone
Roxarsone is an organoarsenic compound that has been used in poultry production as a feed additive to increase weight gain and improve feed efficiency, and as a coccidiostat. As of June 2011, it was approved for chicken feed in the United States, Canada, Australia, and 12 other countries. The drug was also approved in the United States and elsewhere for use in pigs. Its use in the United States was voluntarily ended by the manufacturers in June 2011 and has been illegal since 2013. Its use was immediately suspended in Malaysia. It was banned in Canada in August 2011. In Australia, its use in chicken feed was discontinued in 2012. Roxarsone has been banned in the European Union since 1999. Production and applications Roxarsone is a derivative of phenylarsonic acid (C6H5As(O)(OH)2). It was first reported in a 1923 British patent that described the nitration and diazotization of arsanilic acid. When blended with calcite powder, it is used in poultry feed premixes in some parts of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robenidine
Robenidine is a coccidiostat. Robenidine is an antibiotic used for the control of coccidiosis, a debilitating protozoal infection in poultry. Although there are alternative antibiotics available, robenidine is important in the management of antibiotic resistance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials. All classes of microbes can evolve resistance. Fungi evolve antifungal resistance. Viruses evolve antiviral resistance. ... as farmers rotate the use of robenidine with other antibiotics to try to preserve the effectiveness of these products in fighting infections. References Antiparasitic agents Guanidines Chloroarenes {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponazuril
Ponazuril (International Nonproprietary Name, INN), sold by Merial, Inc., now part of Boehringer Ingelheim, under the trade name Marquis® (15% w/w ponazuril), is a drug currently approved for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, caused by coccidia ''Sarcocystis neurona''. More recently, veterinarians have been preparing a formulary version of the medication for use in small animals such as cats, dogs, and rabbits against coccidia as an intestinal parasite. Coccidia treatment in small animals is far shorter than treatment for EPM. See also * Clazuril * Diclazuril * Toltrazuril References Equine medications Diphenyl ethers Benzosulfones Trifluoromethyl compounds Isocyanuric acids {{Veterinary-med-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryzalin
Oryzalin is an herbicide of the dinitroaniline class. It acts through the disruption (depolymerization) of microtubules, thus blocking anisotropic growth of plant cells. It can also be used to induce polyploidy in plants as an alternative to colchicine Colchicine is a medication used to treat gout and Behçet's disease. In gout, it is less preferred to NSAIDs or steroids. Other uses for colchicine include the management of pericarditis and familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is taken b .... References External links * Antiparasitic agents Nitrobenzenes Sulfonamides Preemergent herbicides Anilines Microtubule inhibitors {{Pharmacology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narasin
Narasin is a coccidiostat and antibacterial agent. It is a derivative of salinomycin with an additional methyl group. Narasin is produced by fermentation of a strain of ''Streptomyces aureofaciens ''Kitasatospora aureofaciens'' is a species of ''Kitasatospora'', and the source of many tetracycline antibiotics. The organism was first isolated at Sanborn Field on the University of Missouri campus in Columbia, Missouri, US; the site became a ...''. References Antibiotics Antiparasitic agents Carboxylic acids Secondary alcohols Tertiary alcohols Ketones Tetrahydropyrans Tetrahydrofurans Spiro compounds Ketals {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
