This is a historical list dealing with women scientists in the 20th century. During this time period, women working in scientific fields were rare. Women at this time faced barriers in higher education and often denied access to scientific institutions; in the Western world, the

first-wave feminist First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on securing women's right to vote. The term is often used s ...

movement began to break down many of these barriers.

Anthropology

Heloísa Alberto Torres Heloísa Alberto Torres (17 September 1895 – 23 February 1977), also known as Dona Heloísa, was Brazilian anthropologist and museum director. Biography Heloísa Alberto Torres was born on 17 September 1895 in Rio de Janeiro. Her father Alber ...

(1895 – 1977), Brazilian anthropologist and museum director *

Katharine Bartlett Katharine Bartlett (1907–2001) was an American physical anthropologist who worked from 1930 to 1952 as the first curator of the Museum of Northern Arizona, cataloging and organizing the museum's holdings, and then as the museum's librarian unti ...

(1907–2001), American physical anthropologist,

museum curator A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...

Ruth Benedict Ruth Fulton Benedict (June 5, 1887 – September 17, 1948) was an American anthropologist and folklorist. She was born in New York City, attended Vassar College, and graduated in 1909. After studying anthropology at the New School of Social Re ...

(1887–1948), American anthropologist * Anna Bērzkalne (1891–1956), Latvian folklorist and

ethnographer Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

* Alicia Dussán de Reichel (born 1920), Colombian anthropologist * Dina Dahbany-Miraglia (born 1938), American Yemini linguistic anthropologist, educator * Bertha P. Dutton (1903–1994), anthropologist and ethnologist * Phebe Fjellström (1924–2007), Swedish ethnologist *

Helen Groger-Wurm Helen Groger-Wurm, birth name Helene Gröger (1921–2005), was an Austrian-Australian ethnologist, anthropologist and linguist. After earning a Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1946, she married the Hungarian-born linguist Stefan Wurm. In 1 ...

(1921–2005), Austrian-born Australian ethnologist *

Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on Hoodoo (spirituality), hoodoo. The most ...

(1891–1960), American folklorist and anthropologist * Nadine Ivanitzky (1874-1919) Ukrainian (Soviet) sociologist and cultural anthropologist * Marjorie F. Lambert (1908–2006), American archeologist and anthropologist who studied Southwestern Puebloan peoples * Dorothea Leighton (1908–1989), American social psychiatrist, founded the field of medical anthropology *

Katharine Luomala Katharine Luomala (September 10, 1907 – February 27, 1992) was an American anthropologist known for her studies of comparative mythology in Oceania. Born in Cloquet, Minnesota and educated at the University of California, Berkeley, Luomala beg ...

(1907–1992), American anthropologist *

Margaret McArthur Annie Margaret McArthur (1919–2002) was an Australian nutritionist, anthropologist and educator. She is remembered for conducting ground-breaking research from the late 1940s into the indigenous peoples of Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Pac ...

(1919–2002), Australian anthropologist, nutritionist and educator *

Margaret Mead Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and the 1970s. She earned her bachelor's degree at Barnard Co ...

(1901–1978), American anthropologist *

Grete Mostny Grete Mostny (17 September 1914 – 15 December 1991) was a Jewish Austrian who became a leading Chilean anthropologist. She was born in Austria but had to leave because of the rise of the Nazis. She went to Belgium to complete her studies before ...

(1914–1991), Austrian-born Chilean anthropologist and archaeologist *

Miriam Tildesley Miriam Louise Tildesley (1 July 1883 – 31 January 1979) was an English anthropologist. Life The daughter of William Henry Tildesley and Rebecca Fisher, she was born in Willenhall, Staffordshire and was educated in Birmingham. She trained a ...

(1883–1979), British anthropologist *

Mildred Trotter Mildred Trotter (February 3, 1899 – August 23, 1991) was an American pioneer as a forensic historian and forensic anthropologist. Biography Trotter was born in Monaca, Pennsylvania. She received her B.A. in zoology and physiology from Moun ...

(1899–1991), American forensic anthropologist *

Camilla Wedgwood Camilla Hildegarde Wedgwood (25 March 1901 – 17 May 1955) was a British anthropologist and academic administrator. She is best known for her research in the Pacific and her pioneering role as one of the British Commonwealth's first female anth ...

(1901–1955), British/Australian anthropologist *

Alba Zaluar Alba Maria Zaluar (2 June 1942 – 19 December 2019) was a Brazilian anthropologist, with emphases in urban anthropology and in anthropology of violence. In 1984, she obtained her PhD in social Anthropology at the Federal University of Rio de ...

(1942–2019), Brazilian anthropologist specializing in

urban anthropology Urban anthropology is a subset of anthropology concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, urban space, social relations, and neoliberalism. The field has become consolidated in the 1960s and 1970s. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that trad ...

Archaeology

Sonia Alconini Sonia Alconini Mujica (born 1965) is a Bolivian anthropologist and archaeologist specializing in the Socioeconomics, socioeconomic and List of political ideologies, political development of early states and empires in the Andes. She has studied ...

(born 1965), Bolivian archaeologist of the

Formative Period Several chronologies in the archaeology of the Americas include a Formative Period or Formative stage etc. It is often sub-divided, for example into "Early", "Middle" and "Late" stages. The Formative is the third of five stages defined by Gord ...

of the

Lake Titicaca Lake Titicaca (; es, Lago Titicaca ; qu, Titiqaqa Qucha) is a large freshwater lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. By volume of water and by surface area, ...

basin *

Niède Guidon Niède Guidon () (born 12 March 1933) is a Brazilian archaeologist known for her work in pre-historic archeology of South American civilizations and her efforts to secure the conservation of the World Heritage Site Serra da Capivara National Pa ...

(Born 1933), Brazilian archaeologist *

Birgit Arrhenius Birgit Arrhenius (, born 25 August 1932) is a Swedish archaeologist and professor emeritus at Stockholm University. She was a professor of laboratory archaeology, and the first head of the university's Archaeological Research Laboratory. Her wor ...

(born 1932), Swedish archaeologist *

Dorothea Bate Dorothea Minola Alice Bate FGS (8 November 1878 – 13 January 1951), also known as Dorothy Bate, was a Welsh palaeontologist and pioneer of archaeozoology. Her life's work was to find fossils of recently extinct mammals with a view to underst ...

(1878–1951), British archaeologist and pioneer of

archaeozoology Zooarchaeology (sometimes called archaeozoology), also known as faunal analysis, is a branch of archaeology that studies remains of animals from archaeological sites. Faunal remains are the items left behind when an animal dies. These include bon ...

Alex Bayliss Alexandra Bayliss is a British archaeologist and academic. She is Head of Scientific Dating at Historic England. Her research focuses on the construction of exact chronologies of European Neolithic archaeological sites, through the application o ...

British archaeologist *

Crystal Bennett Crystal-Margaret Bennett, (20 August 1918 – 12 August 1987) was a British archaeologist. A student of Kathleen Kenyon, Bennett was a pioneer of archaeological research in Jordan and founded the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and ...

(1918–1987), British archaeologist whose research focused on Jordan * Zeineb Benzina Tunisian archeologist *

Jole Bovio Marconi Jole Bovio Marconi () (January 21, 1897 in Rome – April 14, 1986 in Palermo) was an Italian archaeologist who graduated with a degree in the topography of ancient Rome from the Sapienza University of Rome and specialized at the Italian School ...

(1897–1986), Italian archaeologist and

prehistorian Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of ...

Juliet Clutton-Brock Juliet Clutton-Brock, FSA, FZS (6 September 1933 – 21 September 2015) was an English zooarchaeologist and curator, specialising in domesticated mammals. From 1969 to 1993, she worked at the Natural History Museum. Between 1999 and 2006, she ...

(1933–2015), British zooarchaeologist who specialized in domestic animals *

Dorothy Charlesworth Dorothy Charlesworth (1927–1981) was a Roman archaeologist and glass specialist who served as Inspector of Ancient Monuments. She worked within Britain and Egypt. Early life and education Born and brought up in Northumberland, the daughter ...

(1927–1981), British archaeologist and expert on

Roman glass Roman glass objects have been recovered across the Roman empire, Roman Empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts. Glass was used primarily for the production of vessels, although mosaic tiles and window glass were also produced. Roman g ...

Lily Chitty Lily Frances "Lal" Chitty, (20 March 1893 – 8 February 1979) was a British archaeologist and independent scholar, who specialised in the prehistoric archaeology of Wales and the west of England. She has been described as one of the "pioneers ...

(1893–1979), British archaeologist who specialized in the prehistoric history of

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...

and the

west of England West of England is a combined authority area in South West England. It is made up of the Bristol, South Gloucestershire, and Bath and North East Somerset unitary authorities. The combined authority is led by the Mayor of the West of England Dan N ...

Mary Kitson Clark Anna Mary Hawthorn Kitson Clark, (14 May 1905 – 1 February 2005), married name Mary Chitty, was an English archaeologist, curator, and independent scholar. She specialised in the archaeology of Romano-British Northern England but was also in ...

(1905–2005), British archaeologist best known for her work on the

Roman-British Roman Britain was the period in classical antiquity when large parts of the island of Great Britain were under occupation by the Roman Empire. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. During that time, the territory conquered was ...

in Northern England *

Bryony Coles Bryony Jean Coles, (born 12 August 1946) is a prehistoric archaeologist and academic. She is best known for her work studying Doggerland, an area of land now submerged beneath the North Sea. Early life and education Coles was born on 12 Aug ...

(born 1946), British prehistoric archaeologist *

Alana Cordy-Collins Alana Kathleen Cordy-Collins (5 June 1944 – 16 August 2015) was Professor of Anthropology at the University of San Diego. She was an archaeologist whose primary specialization was Peruvian prehistory. Biography She was born in Los Angeles, Ca ...

(1944–2015), American archaeologist specializing in Peruvian prehistory *

Rosemary Cramp Dame Rosemary Jean Cramp, (born 6 May 1929) is a British archaeologist and academic specialising in the Anglo-Saxons. She was the first female professor appointed at Durham University and was Professor of Archaeology from 1971 to 1990. She ser ...

(born 1929), British archaeologist whose research focuses on

Anglo-Saxons The Anglo-Saxons were a Cultural identity, cultural group who inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to settlers who came to Britain from mainland Europe in the 5th century. However, the ethnogenesis of the Anglo- ...

in Britain *

Joan Breton Connelly Joan Breton Connelly is an American classical archaeologist and Professor of Classics and Art History at New York University. She is Director of the Yeronisos Island Excavations and Field School in Cyprus. Connelly was awarded a MacArthur Fellow ...

American

classical archaeologist Classical archaeology is the archaeological investigation of the Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Nineteenth-century archaeologists such as Heinrich Schliemann were drawn to study the societies they had read about i ...

Margaret Conkey Margaret W. Conkey (born 1943) is an American archaeologist and academic,Haviland, William; Walrath, Dana & Prins, Harald (2007) ''Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge'', Wadsworth, , p. 210 who specializes in the Magdalenian period of the ...

(born 1943), American archaeologist *

Hester A. Davis Hester A. Davis (1930-2014) was an American archaeologist. Arkansas' first State Archaeologist, she was instrumental in creating national public policy and conservancy standards for cultural preservation as well as developing professional and eth ...

(1930–2014), American archaeologist who was instrumental in establishing public policy and

ethical standards Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ma ...

Frederica de Laguna Frederica ("Freddy") Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (October 3, 1906 – October 6, 2004) was an American ethnologist, anthropologist, and archaeologist influential for her work on Paleoindian and Alaska Native art and archaeology in the American ...

(1906–2004), American archaeologist best known for her work on the archaeology of the

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (sometimes Cascadia, or simply abbreviated as PNW) is a geographic region in western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though ...

and Alaska *

Kelly Dixon Dr. Kelly J. Dixon is an Associate Professor of Archaeology at the University of Montana and a member of the College of Arts And Sciences at UM. Her main area of work is the American West, and she is perhaps best known for her work with the Donner ...

, American archaeologist specializing in the

American West The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...

Janette Deacon Janette Deacon (née Buckland, born 25 November 1939) is a South African archaeologist specialising in heritage management and rock art conservation. She has studied the changes in stone tools from sites in the southern Cape in relation to climat ...

(born 1939),

South African __NOTOC__ South African may relate to: * The nation of South Africa * South African Airways * South African English * South African people * Languages of South Africa * Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the Afric ...

archaeologist specializing in rock art conservation *

Elizabeth Eames * Elizabeth Sara Eames (24 June 1918 – 20 September 2008) was a British archaeologist and scholar who specialised in the study of medieval tiles. Her expertise grew out of a job at the British Museum which involved cataloguing and conserving ...

(1918–2008), British archaeologist who was an expert on medieval tiles *

Anabel Ford Anabel Ford (born 22 December 1951) is an American archaeologist specializing in the study of Mesoamerica, with a focus on the lowland Maya of Belize and Guatemala. She is recognized for her discovery of the ancient Maya city El Pilar. Ford is cu ...

(born 1951), American archaeologist *

Aileen Fox Aileen Mary Fox, Lady Fox, ( Henderson; 29 July 1907 – 21 November 2005) was an English archaeologist, who specialised in the archaeology of south-west England. She notably excavated the Roman legionary fortress in Exeter, Devon, after the S ...

(1907–2005), British archaeologist known excavating prehistoric and Roman sites throughout the United Kingdom * Alison Frantz (1903–1995), American archaeological photographer and

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

scholar *

Honor Frost Honor Frost (28 October 1917 – 12 September 2010) was a pioneer in the field of underwater archaeology, who led many Mediterranean archaeological investigations, especially in Lebanon, and was noted for her typology of stone anchors and skills ...

(1917–2010), Turkish archaeologist who specialized in

underwater archaeology Underwater archaeology is archaeology practiced underwater. As with all other branches of archaeology, it evolved from its roots in pre-history and in the classical era to include sites from the historical and industrial eras. Its acceptance has ...

Perla Fuscaldo Elba Perla Fuscaldo (born 1941) is an Argentinian Egyptology, Egyptologist, specialist in the ceramics of Ancient Egypt. Life She graduated in 1967 in history from the University of Buenos Aires and obtained her PhD in 1978 under the supervisio ...

(born 1941), Argentine

egyptologist Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious ...

Elizabeth Baldwin Garland Elizabeth (Betsy) Baldwin Garland was an American archaeologist known for her expertise on Great Lakes prehistory and the archaeology of Michigan. She was the author of a number of scholarly publications. Biography Garland earned a BS in geolog ...

, American archaeologist * Kathleen K. Gilmore (1914–2010), American archaeologist known for her research in Spanish colonial archaeology *

Dorothy Garrod Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod, CBE, FBA (5 May 1892 – 18 December 1968) was an English archaeologist who specialised in the Palaeolithic period. She held the position of Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 193 ...

(1892–1968), British archaeologist who specialized in the Palaeolithic period *

Roberta Gilchrist Roberta Lynn Gilchrist, FSA, FBA (born 28 June 1965) is a Canadian-born archaeologist and academic specialising in the medieval period, whose career has been spent in the United Kingdom. She is Professor of Archaeology and Dean of Research at ...

(born 1965), Canadian archaeologist specializing in medieval Britain *

Marija Gimbutas Marija Gimbutas ( lt, Marija Gimbutienė, ; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of " Old Europe" and for her Kurgan hypothesis, ...

(1921–1994), Lithuanian archaeologist (

Kurgan hypothesis The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory, Kurgan model, or steppe theory) is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and par ...

) *

Hetty Goldman Hetty Goldman (December 19, 1881 – May 4, 1972) was an American archaeologist. She was the first woman faculty member at the Institute for Advanced Study and one of the first female archaeologists to undertake excavations in Greece and the Middl ...

(1881–1972), American archaeologist and one of the first female archaeologists to conduct excavations in the Middle East and Greece *

Audrey Henshall Audrey Shore Henshall (1927 – 14 December 2021) was a British archaeologist known for her work on Scottish chambered cairns, prehistoric pottery and early textiles, including clothing found preserved in peat bogs. Life and work Henshall wa ...

(born 1927), British archaeologist and prehistorian *

Corinne Hofman Corinne Lisette Hofman FBA (born 10 July 1959) is a Dutch professor of Caribbean Archaeology at Leiden University since 2007. She was a winner of the 2014 Spinoza Prize. Hofman was born in Wassenaar. She obtained a PhD at Leiden University in ...

(born 1959), Dutch archaeologist *

Cynthia Irwin-Williams Cynthia Irwin-Williams (April 14, 1936 – June 15, 1990) was an archaeologist of the prehistoric American Southwest. She received a B.A. in Anthropology from Radcliffe College in 1957; the next year she received a M.A. in the same field. In 196 ...

(1936–1990), American archaeologist of the prehistoric Southwest *

Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski Wilhelmina Mary Feemster Jashemski (July 10, 1910 – December 24, 2007) was an American scholar of the ancient site of Pompeii, where her archaeological investigations focused on the evidence of gardens and horticulture in the ancient city. ...

(1910–2007), American archaeologist who specialized in the ancient site of Pompei *

Margaret Ursula Jones Margaret Ursula Jones (, 16 May 1916 – 23 March 2001) was an English archaeologist, best known for directing major excavations at Mucking, Essex. Born in Birkenhead, Jones first became involved in archaeology while studying at the Unive ...

(1916–2001), British archaeologist best known for directing Britain's largest archaeological excavation at

Mucking Mucking is a hamlet and former Church of England parish adjoining the Thames Estuary in southern Essex, England. It is located approximately south of the town of Stanford-le-Hope in what is now Thurrock unitary authority. In 1931 the parish had ...

, Essex *

Rosemary Joyce Rosemary A. Joyce (born 1956) is an American anthropologist and social archaeologist who has specialized in research in Honduras. They were able to archeologically confirm that chocolate was a byproduct of fermenting beer. She is also an expert in ...

(born 1956), American archaeologist who uncovered chocolate's archaeological record and studies Honduran pre-history *

Kathleen Kenyon Dame Kathleen Mary Kenyon, (5 January 1906 – 24 August 1978) was a British archaeologist of Neolithic culture in the Fertile Crescent. She led excavations of Tell es-Sultan, the site of ancient Jericho, from 1952 to 1958, and has been called ...

(1906–1978), British archaeologist known for her research on the Neolothic culture in Egypt and Mesopotamia *

Alice Kober Alice Elizabeth Kober (December 23, 1906 – May 16, 1950) was an American classicist best known for her work on the decipherment of Linear B. Educated at Hunter College and Columbia University, Kober taught classics at Brooklyn College fro ...

(1906–1950), American classical archaeologist best known for her research that led to the deciphering of Linear B *

Kristina Killgrove Kristina Killgrove (born March 10, 1977) is an American bioarchaeologist, science communicator, and author who primarily covers anthropology and archaeology news and engages in research on ancient Roman skeletons. She is a regular contributor t ...

(born 1977), American bioarchaeologist *

Winifred Lamb Winifred Lamb (3 November 1894 – 16 September 1963) was a British archaeologist, art historian, and museum curator who specialised in Greek, Roman, and Anatolian cultures and artefacts. The bulk of her career was spent as the honorary keeper ...

(1894–1963), British archaeologist *

Mary Leakey Mary Douglas Leakey, FBA (née Nicol, 6 February 1913 – 9 December 1996) was a British paleoanthropologist who discovered the first fossilised ''Proconsul A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A pro ...

(1913–1996), British archaeologist known for discovering Proconsul remains which are now believed to be human's ancestor *

Li Liu (archaeologist) Liu Li (; born December 12, 1953) is a Chinese-American archaeologist most well known for her work on Neolithic and Bronze Age Chinese archaeology. She is Sir Robert Ho Tung Professor in Chinese Archaeology at Stanford University. Early life a ...

(born 1953), Chinese-American archaeologist specializing in Neolithic and Bronze Age China *

Anna Marguerite McCann Anna Marguerite McCann (May 11, 1933 – February 12, 2017) was an American art historian and archaeologist. She is known for being an early influencer—and the first American woman—in the field of underwater archaeology, beginning in the 19 ...

(1933–2017), American archaeologist known for her work in underwater archaeology *

Isabel McBryde Isabel McBryde (born 16 July 1934) AO is an Australian archaeologist and professor emerita at the Australian National University (ANU) and School Fellow, in the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts. McBryde is credited with training "at ...

(born 1934), Australian archaeologist *

Betty Meehan Betty Francis Meehan (born 1933) is an Australian archaeologist and anthropologist who has worked extensively with Aboriginal people in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Early life and education Meehan was born and grew up in Bourke, New South W ...

(born 1933), Australian anthropologist and archaeologist *

Audrey Meaney Audrey Lilian Meaney (19 March 1931 – 14 February 2021) was an archaeologist and historian specialising in the study of Anglo-Saxon England. She published several books on the subject, including ''Gazetteer of Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites'' ...

(born 1931), British archaeologist and expert on Anglo-Saxon England *

Margaret Murray Margaret Alice Murray (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was an Anglo-Indian Egyptology, Egyptologist, archaeology, archaeologist, anthropology, anthropologist, historian, and folkloristics, folklorist. The first woman to be appointed as a l ...

(1863–1963), British-Indian Egyptologist and the first woman to be appointed a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom *

Bertha Parker Pallan Bertha Pallan Thurston Cody (née Parker; August 30, 1907 – October 8, 1978) was an American archaeologist, working as an assistant in archaeology at the Southwest Museum. She was also married to actor Iron Eyes Cody. She is thought to be the f ...

(1907–1978), American archaeologist known for being the first female Native American archaeologist *

Tatiana Proskouriakoff Tat'yana Avenirovna Proskuriakova (russian: Татья́на Авени́ровна Проскуряко́ва) ( – August 30, 1985) was a Russian-American Mayanist scholar and archaeologist who contributed significantly to the deciphering of M ...

(1909–1985), Russian-American archaeologist who contributed significantly to deciphering the Maya hieroglyphs *

Charlotte Roberts Charlotte Ann Roberts, FBA (born 25 May 1957) is a British archaeologist, academic and former nurse. She is a bioarchaeologist and palaeopathologist, whose research focuses on health and the evolution of infectious disease in humans. From 20 ...

(born 1957), British bioarchaeologist *

Margaret Rule Dr Margaret Helen Rule, (27 September 1928 – 9 April 2015) was a British archaeologist. She is most notable for her involvement with the project that excavated and raised the Tudor warship ''Mary Rose'' in 1982. Early life Rule, née Marti ...

(1928–2015), British archaeologist led the excavation of the Tudor Warship ''Mary Rose' *

Elisabeth Ruttkay Elisabeth Ruttkay (18 June 1926 – 25 February 2009) was a Hungarian-born, naturalized Austrian citizen, who was an archaeologist specializing in New Stone Age and Bronze Age studies in Austria. She was the winner of both the Lower Austria Pro ...

(1926–2009), Austrian Neolithic and Bronze Age specialist *

Hanna Rydh Hanna Albertina Rydh (12 February 1891 – 29 June 1964) was a Swedish archaeologist and politician for the Liberal People's Party (Sweden), Liberal People's Party. She served as a Member of Parliament in the Riksdag from 1943 to 1944 and was the ...

(1891–1964), Swedish archaeologist and prehistorian * Elizabeth Slater (1946–2014), British archaeologist who specialized in

archaeometallurgy Archaeometallurgy is the study of the past use and production of metals by humans. It is a sub-discipline of archaeology and archaeological science. Uses Archaeometallurgical study has many uses in both the chemical and anthropological fields. Ana ...

* Julie K. Stein, Researches prehistoric humans in the Pacific Northwest *

Hoang Thi Than Hoàng Thị Thân (born in 1944 at Phú Cường (Thủ Dâù Một, South Viêt Nam)) is the first woman to graduate from the Department of Geoprofessions, Geological Engineering of Laval University (Quebec, Canada), the first female Vietnamese ge ...

(born 1944), Vietnamese geological engineer and archaeologist *

Birgitta Wallace Birgitta Linderoth Wallace (born 1944) is a Swedish–Canadian Archaeology, archaeologist specialising in Norsemen, Norse archaeology in North America. She spent most of her career as an archaeologist with Parks Canada and is best known for her wor ...

(born 1944), Swedish–Canadian archaeologist whose research focuses on Norse migration to North America *

Zheng Zhenxiang Zheng Zhenxiang () is a Chinese archaeologist most famous for excavating the Bronze Age tomb of Fuhao at Anyang. She has been referred to as the 'First Lady of Chinese Archaeology'. Career After completing her undergraduate degree at Peking Un ...

(born 1929), Chinese archaeologist and Bronze Age specialist

Astronomy

Claudia Alexander Claudia Joan Alexander (May 30, 1959 – July 11, 2015) was a Canadian-born American research scientist specializing in geophysics and planetary science. She worked for the United States Geological Survey and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Sh ...

(1959–2015), American

planetary scientist Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets) and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes of their ...

Beatriz Barbuy Beatriz Leonor Silveira Barbuy is a Brazilian astrophysicist. She was described in 2009 by '' Época'' magazine as one of the 100 most influential Brazilians. She is a professor at the Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosférica ...

(Born 1950) Brazilian astrophysicist *

Mary Adela Blagg Mary Adela Blagg (17 May 1858 – 14 April 1944) was an English astronomer and was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1916. Biography She was born in Cheadle, Staffordshire, and lived her entire life there. Mary was th ...

(1858–1944), British astronomer *

Mary Brück Mary Teresa Brück (née Conway; 1925-2008) was an Irish astronomer, astrophysicist and historian of science, whose career was spent at Dunsink Observatory in Dublin and the Royal Observatory Edinburgh in Scotland. Early life Mary Teresa Conwa ...

(1925–2008), Irish astronomer, astrophysicist,

science historian The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history that examines the understanding of the natural world (science) and the ability to manipulate it (technology) at different points in time. This academic discipline also studies the c ...

Margaret Burbidge Eleanor Margaret Burbidge, FRS (; 12 August 1919 – 5 April 2020) was a British-American observational astronomer and astrophysicist. In the 1950s, she was one of the founders of stellar nucleosynthesis and was first author of the influenti ...

(1919–2020), British astrophysicist *

Jocelyn Bell Burnell Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell (; Bell; born 15 July 1943) is an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. The discovery eventually earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in ...

(born 1943), Northern Irish-British astrophysicist *

Annie Jump Cannon Annie Jump Cannon (; December 11, 1863 – April 13, 1941) was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of ...

(1863–1941), American astronomer *

Janine Connes Janine Connes (born c. 1934) is a female French astronomer whose research led to the establishment of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method, which was of major significance and laid the foundations of what was to grow into a significa ...

, French astronomer *

A. Grace Cook Alice Grace Cook (18 February 1877 - 27 May 1958), known as Grace Cook or A. Grace Cook was a British astronomer. Cook lived in Stowmarket, Suffolk. After she died she was remembered by her colleagues as a skilled and dedicated observer. In Sept ...

(1887–1958), British astronomer *

Heather Couper Heather Anita Couper, (2 June 1949 – 19 February 2020) was a British astronomer, broadcaster and science populariser. After studying astrophysics at the University of Leicester and researching clusters of galaxies at Oxford University, Co ...

(1949–2020), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education) *

Joy Crisp Joy A. Crisp is a planetary geologist specializing in geology of Mars, Mars geology. She is noted for her work on NASA missions to Mars, including the Mars Exploration Rovers and Mars Science Laboratory.''National Aeronautics and Space Administrat ...

, American planetary scientist *

Nancy Crooker Nancy U. Crooker (born April 1, 1944) is an American physicist and professor emerita of space physics at Boston University, Massachusetts. She has made major contributions to the understanding of geomagnetism in the Earth's magnetosphere and the ...

(born 1944), American space physicist *

Sandra Faber Sandra Moore Faber (born December 28, 1944) is an American astrophysicist known for her research on the evolution of galaxies. She is the University Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and works a ...

(born 1944), American astronomer *

Joan Feynman Joan Feynman (March 31, 1927 – July 21, 2020) was an American astrophysicist. She made contributions to the study of solar wind particles and fields, sun-Earth relations, and magnetospheric physics. In particular, Feynman was known for develop ...

(1927–2020), American space physicist *

Pamela Gay Pamela L. Gay (born December 12, 1973) is an American astronomer, educator, podcaster, and writer, best known for her work in astronomical podcasting and citizen science astronomy projects. She is a senior education and communication specialist ...

(born 1973), American astronomer *

Vera Fedorovna Gaze Vera Fedorovna Gaze (russian: Вера Фёдоровна Газе; 29 December 1899 – 3 October 1954) was a Russian astronomer who studied emission nebula and minor planets. She discovered around 150 new nebulae and was posthumously honored for ...

(1899–1954), Russian astronomer (planet 2388 Gase and Gaze Crater on Venus are named for her) *

Julie Vinter Hansen Julie Marie Vinter Hansen (20 July 1890 – 27 July 1960) was a Danish astronomer. Life Early life Vinter Hansen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. Education While studying at the University of Copenhagen, she was appointed a computer at the U ...

(1890–1960), Danish astronomer *

Martha Haynes Martha Patricia Haynes (born 24 April 1951) is an American astronomer who specializes in radio astronomy and extragalactic astronomy. She is the distinguished professor of arts and sciences in astronomy at Cornell University.Lisa Kaltenegger Lisa Kaltenegger (4 March 1977 in Kuchl nearby Salzburg) is an Austrian astronomer with expertise in the modeling and characterization of exoplanets and the search for life. On July 1, 2014, she was appointed Associate Professor of Astronomy at ...

, Austrian/American astronomer *

Dorothea Klumpke Dorothea Klumpke Roberts (August 9, 1861 in San Francisco – October 5, 1942 in San Francisco) was an American astronomer. She was Director of the Bureau of Measurements at the Paris Observatory and was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honn ...

(1861–1942), American-born astronomer *

Henrietta Leavitt Henrietta Swan Leavitt (; July 4, 1868 – December 12, 1921) was an American astronomer. A graduate of Radcliffe College, she worked at the Harvard College Observatory as a "computer", tasked with examining photographic plates in order to measu ...

(1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars) *

Evelyn Leland Evelyn Frances Leland (c. 1870 - c. 1930) was an American astronomer and "Harvard Computers, Harvard computer", one of the women who worked at the Harvard College Observatory with Edward Charles Pickering, Edward Pickering. She worked there from 18 ...

(c.1870–c.1930), American astronomer working at the

Harvard College Observatory The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United St ...

Priyamvada Natarajan Priyamvada (Priya) Natarajan is a professor in the departments of astronomy and physics at Yale University. She is noted for her work in mapping dark matter and dark energy, particularly with her work in gravitational lensing, and in models d ...

, Indian/American astrophysicist *

Carolyn Porco Carolyn C. Porco (born March 6, 1953) is an American planetary scientist who explores the outer Solar System, beginning with her imaging work on the Voyager missions to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in the 1980s. She led the imaging scienc ...

(born 1953), American planetary scientist *

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; – ) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist who proposed in her 1925 doctoral thesis that stars were composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Her groundbreaking conclus ...

(1900–1978), British-American astronomer *

Ruby Payne-Scott Ruby Violet Payne-Scott, BSc (Phys) MSc DipEd (Syd) (28 May 1912 – 25 May 1981) was an Australian pioneer in radiophysics and radio astronomy, and was one of two Antipodean women pioneers in radio astronomy and radio physics at the end of the ...

(1912–1981), Australian

radio astronomer Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. The first detection of radio waves from an astronomical object was in 1933, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories reported radiation coming f ...

Vera Rubin Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (; July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted and observed angular motion of galaxies by studyi ...

(1928–2016), American astronomer *

Charlotte Moore Sitterly Charlotte Emma Moore Sitterly (September 24, 1898 – March 3, 1990) was an American astronomer. She is known for her extensive spectroscopic studies of the Sun and chemical elements. Her tables of data are known for their reliability and are st ...

(1898–1990), American astronomer *

Jill Tarter Jill Cornell Tarter (born January 16, 1944) is an American astronomer best known for her work on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Tarter is the former director of the Center for SETI Research, holding the Bernard M. Oliver Cha ...

(born 1944), American astronomer *

Beatrice Tinsley Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (27 January 1941 – 23 March 1981) was a British-born New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist and professor of astronomy at Yale University, whose research made fundamental contributions to the astronomical understa ...

(1941–1981), New Zealand astronomer and

cosmologist Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term ''cosmology'' was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's ''Glossographia'', and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher ...

Biology

Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) shown in her laboratory in 1947

Johanna Döbereiner Johanna Liesbeth Kubelka Döbereiner (28 November 1924 – 5 October 2000) was a Brazilian agronomist. Biography Döbereiner was born in Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia on the 28 November 1924. Her family were German Czechoslovakians from Auss ...

(born 1924), Brazilian pioneer in soil biology *

Wilhelmine Key Wilhelmine "Minnie" Marie Enteman Key (February 22, 1872 – January 31, 1955) was an American geneticist. She was the first woman to gain a PhD in zoology from the University of Chicago, where she studied coloration in paper wasps. She contrib ...

(1872-1955), American

geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processe ...

* Effa Muhse (1877-1968), American biologist *

Nora Lilian Alcock Nora Lilian Alcock, also known as Nora Lilian Lepart and Nora Lilian Leopard, (18 August 1874 – 31 March 1972) was a pioneer in the field of plant pathology and the first government-appointed plant pathologist in Scotland. Life Nora Lilia ...

(1874–1972), British plant pathologist *

Alice Alldredge Alice Alldredge is an American oceanographer and marine biologist who studies marine snow, carbon cycling, microbes and plankton in the ecology of the ocean. She has conducted research in the open sea, at her laboratory at the University of Calif ...

(born 1949), American

oceanographer Oceanography (), also known as oceanology and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics ...

and researcher of

marine snow In the deep ocean, marine snow (also known as "ocean dandruff") is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. It is a significant means of exporting energy from the light-rich photic zone to ...

, discover of

Transparent Exopolymer Particles Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are extracellular acidic polysaccharides produced by phytoplankton and bacteria in saltwater, freshwater, and wastewater. They are incredibly abundant and play a significant role in biogeochemical cycling of c ...

(TEP) and demersal hellon *

June Almeida June Dalziel Almeida (5 October 1930 – 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification, and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. In 1964, Almeida was rec ...

(1930–2007), British

virologist Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their ...

* E. K. Janaki Ammal (1897–1984), Indian botanist *

Lena Clemmons Artz Lena Clemmons Artz (August 3, 1891 – June 2, 1976) was an American botanist and secondary-school educator dedicated to the study of the flora of Virginia, particularly that of its shale barrens and other mountain ecosystems. Early life Art ...

(1891–1976), American botanist *

Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan (born October 5, 1928) is a Doctor of Biology and a noted Armenians, Armenian botanist and mycologist. She has worked and explored extensively in her native Armenia under the auspices of the Institute of Botany of the A ...

(born 1928), Armenian botanist and

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their genetics, genetic and biochemistry, biochemical properties, their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and ethnomycology, their use to humans, including as a so ...

Denise P. Barlow Denise P. Barlow (31 January 1950 – 21 October 2017) was a British geneticist who worked in the field of epigenomics. Barlow was an elected member of European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), an honorary professor of genetics at the Unive ...

(1950–2017), British

Yvonne Barr Yvonne Balding ( Barr; 11 March 1932 – 13 February 2016) was an Irish-born virologist who co-discovered the Epstein–Barr virus in 1964. Education and career Barr was born in Ireland: "Barr ..was born in Eire". and graduated with honours i ...

(1932–2016), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus) *

Lela Viola Barton Lela Viola Barton (1901–1967) was an American botanist who specialized in seed germination and storage. Early life Lela Barton was born in Farmington, Washington County, Arkansas, on 14 November 1901, the third of five children born to Gas ...

(1901–1967), American botanist *

Kathleen Basford Kathleen Basford (6 September 1916 – 20 December 1998) was a British botanist, with a special interest in genetics. She is known for discovering a form of fuchsia that was a cross between a New Zealand and Mexican fuchsia, proving this form of ...

(1916–1998), British botanist *

Gillian Bates Gillian Patricia Bates (born 19 May 1956) FMedSci FRS is a British biologist. She is distinguished for her research into the molecular basis of Huntington's disease and in 1998 was awarded the GlaxoSmithKline Prize as a co-discoverer of the cau ...

(born 1956), British geneticist (Huntington's disease) *

Val Beral Dame Valerie Beral AC DBE FRS FRCOG FMedSci (28 July 1946 – 26 August 2022) was an Australian-born British epidemiologist, academic and a preeminent specialist in breast cancer epidemiology. She was Professor of Epidemiology, a Fellow of ...

(born 1946), British–Australian epidemiologist * Grace Berlin (1897–1982), American ecologist, ornithologist and historian * Agathe L. van Beverwijk (1907–1963), Dutch mycologist *

Gladys Black Gladys Bowery Black (1909–1998) was an American ornithologist, conservationist, and writer known as "Iowa's Bird Lady". She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1985. Early life, education, and marriage Gladys Bowery was born Janua ...

(1909–1998), American ornithologist *

Idelisa Bonnelly Idelisa Bonnelly de Calventi (10 September 1931 – 3 July 2022) was a Dominican Republic, Dominican marine biologist who is considered the "mother of marine conservation in the Caribbean". She was the founder of the study of biology in the Dom ...

(born 1931), Dominican Republic marine biologist *

Alice Middleton Boring Alice Middleton Boring (, February 22, 1883 – September 18, 1955) was an American biologist, zoologist, and herpetologist, who taught biology and did research in the United States and China. Early life and education Alice Middleton Boring ...

(1883–1955), American biologist *

Annette Frances Braun Annette Frances Braun (1884–1978) was an American entomologist and leading authority on microlepidoptera, a grouping of mostly small and nocturnal moths. Her special interest was leaf miners: moths whose larvae live and feed from within a leaf ...

(1911–1968), American entomologist, expert on microlepidoptera *

Victoria Braithwaite Victoria A. Braithwaite (19 July 1967 – 30 September 2019) was a British scientist who was a Professor of Animal Behaviour and Cognition at Pennsylvania State University. She was the first person to demonstrate that fish feel pain, which impa ...

(1967–2019), British biologist and ichthyologist. *

Linda B. Buck Linda Brown Buck (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. She ...

(born 1947), American neuroscientist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 for olfactory receptors) *

Hildred Mary Butler Hildred Mary Butler (9 October 1906 – 8 April 1975) was an Australian microbiologist. Life The daughter of Archie Butler, a farmer, and Rose Josephine Hancock, his wife, she was born in Elsternwick, Melbourne and was educated at Lauriston Girls ...

(1906–1975), Australian microbiologist * Esther Byrnes (1867–1946), American biologist and science teacher * Bertha Cady (1873–1956), American entomologist and educator * Audrey Cahn (1905–2008), Australian microbiologist and nutritionist *

Eleanor Carothers Estrella Eleanor Carothers (4 December 1882 – 1957), known primarily as Eleanor Carothers, was an American zoologist, geneticist, and cytologist known for her work with grasshoppers. She discovered important physical evidence for the concept of ...

(1882–1957), American zoologist, geneticist and cytologist *

Rachel Carson Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 – April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist, writer, and conservationist whose influential book ''Silent Spring'' (1962) and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental m ...

(1907–1964), American marine biologist and conservationist *

Edith Katherine Cash Edith Katherine Cash (October 14, 1890 – April 6, 1992) was an American Mycology, mycologist and Lichenology, lichenologist. Early life Edith Cash was born in Binghamton, New York, to John Ferris Cash and Adella Knapp Cash. She graduated from ...

(1890–1992), American mycologist and lichenologist *

Ann Chapman Margaret Ann Chapman (14 January 1937 – 23 May 2009) was a limnologist, one of the first New Zealand women scientists to visit Antarctica, and the first woman to lead a scientific expedition to Antarctica. Lake Chapman, in Antarctica's R ...

(1937–2009), New Zealand biologist and limnologist *

Martha Chase Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist who in 1952, with Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material o ...

(1927–2003), American molecular biologist * Mary-Dell Chilton (born 1939), American molecular biologist *

Augusta Christie-Linde Augusta Maria Christie-Linde née Ärnbåack-Andersson (1870–1953) was a Swedish zoologist, museum curator and educator. An active member of the zoological research community at Stockholm College from the early 1900s, she was the first woman t ...

(1870–1953), Swedish zoologist *

Theresa Clay Theresa Rachel "Tess" Clay (7 February 1911 – 17 March 1995) was an English entomologist. She was introduced to zoology by her older relative, the ornithologist and adventurer Richard Meinertzhagen, with whom she had an unusually close relati ...

(1911–1995), English entomologist *

Edith Clements Edith Gertrude Clements (1874–1971), also known as Edith S. Clements and Edith Schwartz Clements, was an American botanist and pioneer of botanical ecology who was the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. by the University of Nebraska. She was marr ...

(1874–1971), American botanist and pioneer of botanical ecology *

Elzada Clover Elzada Clover (1897–1980) was an American botanist who was the first to catalog plant life in the Grand Canyon on the Colorado River. She and Lois Jotter became the first two women to raft the entire length of the Grand Canyon. Early life and ...

(1897–1980), American botanist *

Gerty Theresa Cori Gerty Theresa Cori (; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian and American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or M ...

(1896–1957), American biochemist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947) *

Suzanne Cory Suzanne Cory (born 11 March 1942) is an Australian molecular biologist. She has worked on the genetics of the immune system and cancer and has lobbied her country to invest in science. She is married to fellow scientist Jerry Adams, also a WE ...

(born 1942), Australian immunologist/cancer researcher * Ursula M. Cowgill (1927–2015), American biologist and anthropologist *

Ellinor Catherine Cunningham van Someren Ellinor Catherine Cunningham van Someren (née MacDonald; 4 December 1915 – 1 September 1998) was a Ugandan-born British medical entomologist. She specialised in mosquitoes, identifying at least thirty-three new species while employed by the ...

(1915–1988), British medical entomologist *

Janet Darbyshire Janet Howard Darbyshire, CBE FMedSci is a British epidemiologist and science administrator. Career Darbyshire joined the Medical Research Council (MRC) in 1974, first co-ordinating clinical trials and epidemiological studies of tuberculosis, a ...

, British epidemiologist *

Gertrude Crotty Davenport Gertrude Anna Davenport ( Crotty; 1866–1946), was an American zoologist who worked as both a researcher and an instructor at established research centers such as the University of Kansas and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory where she studied e ...

(1866–1946), American zoologist and eugenicist *

Nina Demme Nina Demme (russian: Нина Петровна Демме, 1902 – 16 March 1977) was a Soviet polar explorer, biologist, and ornithologist. She was one of the first women to explore the Arctic and have charge of a polar expedition. Raised in ...

(1902–1977), Russian arctic explorer and ornithologist *

Sophie Charlotte Ducker Sophie Charlotte Ducker (née von Klemperer) (9 April 1909 – 20 May 2004) was a German-born Australian botanist. She was awarded the Mueller Medal in 1996. Early life and education Sophie Charlotte von Klemperer was born in Berlin on 9 Ap ...

(1909–2004), Australian botanist *

Sylvia Earle Sylvia Alice Earle ( née Reade; born August 30, 1935) is an American marine biologist, oceanographer, explorer, author, and lecturer. She has been a National Geographic explorer-in-residence since 1998. Earle was the first female chief scien ...

(born 1935), American marine biologist, oceanographer and explorer *

Sophia Eckerson Sophia Hennion Eckerson ( – July 19, 1954) was an American botanist and microchemist known for her work tracking chemical changes during plant development. Biography Sophia Eckerson was born around 1880 (her exact date of birth is unknow ...

(1880–1954), American botanist * Sylvia Edlund (1945–2014), Canadian botanist *

Charlotte Elliott Charlotte Elliott (18 March 1789 – 22 September 1871) was an English poet, hymn writer, and editor. She is best known by two hymns, "Just As I Am" and "Thy will be done". Elliott edited ''Christian Remembrancer Pocket Book'' (1834–59) and ...

(1883–1974), American plant physiologist *

Alice Catherine Evans Alice Catherine Evans (January 29, 1881 – September 5, 1975) was an American microbiologist. She became a researcher at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. There she investigated bacteriology in milk and cheese. She later demonstrated that '' ...

(1881-1975), American microbiologist * Vera Danchakoff (1879 – about 1950), Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist, "mother of stem cells" *

Rhoda Erdmann Rhoda Erdmann (5 December 1870 – 23 August 1935) was a German cell biologist. Working in the early 1900s, Erdmann was a pioneer of cellular biology and one of few women in her field. Erdmann's work centered around the reproduction of pro ...

(1870–1935), German cell biologist *

Katherine Esau Katherine Esau (3 April 1898 – 4 June 1997) was a German-American botanist who received the National Medal of Science for her work on plant anatomy. Personal life and education Esau was born on 3 April 1898 in Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire ...

(1898–1997), German-American botanist * Edna H. Fawcett (1879–1960), American botanist *

Catherine Feuillet Catherine Feuillet (; born July 1965) is a French geneticist who is currently the Chief Scientific Officer oInari Agriculture a Cambridge MA based biotechnology company. Feuillet earned a PhD in plant molecular biology on the isolation and char ...

(born 1965), French molecular biologist who was the first scientist to map the wheat chromosome 3B *

Victoria Foe Victoria Elizabeth Foe (born 1945) is an American developmental biologist, and Research Professor at the University of Washington's Center for Cell Dynamics. She is known for her work on the development of embryos. Early life and education As ...

(born 1945), American developmental biologist, and research professor at the

University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattle a ...

's Center for Cell Dynamics *

Dian Fossey Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 – ) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her murder in 1985. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of ...

(1932–1985), American zoologist *

Faith Fyles Faith Fyles (1875–1961) was the first botanical artist with the Canadian federal government, department of agriculture (now Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada). Her work resulted in the expansion of the herbarium in Ottawa. Biography Fyles wa ...

(1875–1961), Canada's first botanical artist *

Birutė Galdikas Birutė Marija Filomena Galdikas or Birutė Mary Galdikas, OC (born 10 May 1946), is a Lithuanian-Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author. She is a professor at Simon Fraser University. In the field of ...

(born 1946), German primatologist and conservationist * Margaret Sylvia Gilliland (1917–1990), Australian biochemist *

Jane Goodall Dame Jane Morris Goodall (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. Seen as the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best know ...

(born 1934), British biologist, primatologist *

Isabella Gordon Isabella Gordon OBE FZS FLS (18 May 1901 – 11 May 1988) was a Scottish marine biologist who specialised in carcinology and was an expert in crabs and sea spiders. She worked at the Natural History Museum and received an OBE in 1961. Ea ...

(1901–1988), Scottish marine biologist *

Susan Greenfield Susan Adele Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, (born 1 October 1950) is an English scientist, writer, broadcaster and member of the House of Lords (since 2001). Her research has focused on the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dise ...

(born 1950), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science) *

(1883–1974), American plant physiologist * Constance Endicott Hartt (1900–1984), American botanist * Eliza Amy Hodgson (1888–1983), New Zealand botanist * Lena B. Smithers Hughes (1905–1987), American botanist, developed strains of the Valencia orange * Maria Isabel Hylton Scott (1889–1990), Argentine zoologist and malacologist *

Eva Jablonka Eva Jablonka ( he, חווה יבלונקה) (born 1952) is an Israeli evolutionary theorist and geneticist, known especially for her interest in epigenetic inheritance. Born in 1952 in Poland, she emigrated to Israel in 1957. She is a professor a ...

(born 1952), Polish/Israeli biologist and philosopher *

AnnMari Jansson Eva AnnMari Jansson née Olausson (1934–2007) was a Swedish scientist who specialized in systems ecology. She is remembered for studying the interaction between ecology and economics, contributing to early research into ecological economics. Tog ...

(1934–2007), Swedish systems ecologist *

Adele Juda Adele Juda (9 March 1888, München – 31 October 1949, Innsbruck) was an Austrian psychologist and neurologist. She studied the incidence of mental illness in gifted and creative German-speaking people. One of those included in her studies was ...

(1888–1949), Austrian neurologist *

Marian Koshland Marian Elliott "Bunny" Koshland (October 25, 1921 – October 28, 1997) was an American immunologist who discovered that the differences in amino acid composition of antibodies explain the efficiency and effectiveness with which they comba ...

(1921–1997), American immunologist * Frances Adams Le Sueur (1919–1995), British botanist and ornithologist *

Margaret Reed Lewis Margaret Adaline Reed Lewis (1881–1970) was an American cell biologist and embryologist who made contributions to cancer research and cell culture techniques, and was likely the first person to successfully grow mammalian tissue ''in vitro''. ...

(1881–1970), American cell biologist and embryologist *

Maria Carmelo Lico Maria Carmela Lico or Licco (1927–1985) spent most of her research life as a physiologist studying the neural mechanisms of pain at the Department of Physiology of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (Brazil). Lico produced important ...

(1927–1985), Italo-Argentinian-Brazilian neuroscientist *

Gloria Lim Gloria Lim Bintang Bakti Masyarakat, BBM (born 1930) is a retired Singaporean Mycology, mycologist whose research focused on tropical Fungus, fungi and who built up a fungal repository of regional samples. Lim was twice appointed as Dean of the ...

(born 1930), Singaporean mycologist, first woman Dean of the Faculty of Science,

University of Singapore The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national public research university in Singapore. Founded in 1905 as the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, NUS is the oldest autonomous university in the c ...

* Liliana Lubinska (1904–1990), Polish neuroscientist * Marguerite Lwoff (1905–1979), French

microbiologist A microbiologist (from Ancient Greek, Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of Microorganism, microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, f ...

and

Misha Mahowald Michelle Anne Mahowald (January 12, 1963 – December 26, 1996) was an American computational neuroscientist in the emerging field of neuromorphic engineering. In 1996 she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame f ...

(1963–1996), American neuroscientist *

Irene Manton Irene Manton, FRS FLS (born Irène Manton; 17 April 1904, in Kensington – 13 May 1988) was a British botanist who was Professor of Botany at the University of Leeds. She was noted for study of ferns and algae. Biography Irene Manton was th ...

(1904–1988), British botanist, cytologist *

Lynn Margulis Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary biologist, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution. Historian Jan Sapp has said that "Lynn Ma ...

(1938–2011), American biologist *

Deborah Martin-Downs Deborah Martin-Downs is a Canadian aquatic biologist who specializes in fish and their environments. She has worked in ecology and conservation for over 30 years in Toronto both as a consultant and as director of the Toronto and Region Conservat ...

, Canadian aquatic biologist, ecologist * Bettie Sue Masters (born 1937), American biochemist *

Sara Branham Matthews Sara Elizabeth Branham Matthews (1888–1962) was an American microbiologist and physician best known for her research into the isolation and treatment of ''Neisseria meningitidis'', a causative organism of meningitis. Biography Branham was ...

(1888–1962), American microbiologist *

Mary MacArthur Mary Reid Anderson (née Macarthur; 13 August 1880 – 1 January 1921) was a Scottish suffragist (although at odds with the national groups who were willing to let a minority of women gain the franchise) and was a leading trades unionist. She ...

, Canadian food scientist, dehydration and freezing of fresh foods *

Barbara McClintock Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. There s ...

(1902–1992), American geneticist, Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1983 * Eileen McCracken (1920–1988), Irish botanist * Ruth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893–1950), American plant pathologist *

Anne McLaren Dame Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren, (26 April 1927 – 7 July 2007) was a British scientist who was a leading figure in developmental biology. Her work helped lead to human in vitro fertilisation (IVF),

(1927–2007), British developmental biologist *

Ethel Irene McLennan Ethel Irene McLennan (15 March 1891 – 12 June 1983) was an Australian botanist, mycologist and educator. Personal life and early career The daughter of George McLennan and Eleanor Tucker, she was born in Williamstown, Victoria and was edu ...

(1891–1983), Australian botanist * Eunice Thomas Miner (1899–1993), American biologist, executive director of the New York Academy of Sciences 1939–1967 *

Rita Levi-Montalcini Rita Levi-Montalcini (, ; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the ...

(1909–2012), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1986 for growth factors) *

Marianne V. Moore Marianne Voigt Moore is an American aquatic ecologist, whose area of expertise is the threat posed to lakes from manmade origins. She was awarded the Ramón Margalef Award for Excellence in Education in 2015 for an innovative teaching program she ...

(graduated 1975), aquatic ecologist *

Ann Haven Morgan Ann Haven Morgan (born "Anna" May 6, 1882 – June 5, 1966) was an American zoologist and ecologist. Biography One of three children of Stanley G. Morgan and Julia A. Douglass Morgan, Anna Morgan was born in Waterford, Connecticut and attend ...

(1882–1966), American zoologist *

Ann Nardulli Ann M. Nardulli (November 28, 1948 – June 27, 2018) was an American endocrinologist known for her research into the role of estrogen in breast cancer. Biography Ann Wannemacher was born in 1948 in Morrison, Illinois, to Rita and Rudolph Wannema ...

(1948–2018), American endocrinologist *

Margaret Newton Margaret Brown Newton (20 April 1887 – 6 April 1971) was a Canadian plant pathologist and mycologist internationally renowned for her pioneering research in stem rust ''Puccinia graminis'', particularly for its effect on the staple Canadian a ...

(1887–1971), Canadian plant phytopathologist and mycologist (pioneer in stem rust research) *

Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (; born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and a 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate. She is the only woman from Germany to have received a Nobel Prize in the sciences. Nü ...

(born 1942), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1995 for''homeobox'' genes) * Ida Shepard Oldroyd (1856–1940), American conchologist *

Daphne Osborne Daphne J. Osborne (7 March 1930 – 16 June 2006) was a British botanist. Her research in the field of plant physiology spanned five decades and resulted in over two hundred papers, twenty of which were published in ''Nature''. Her obituary ...

(1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones) *

Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska (2 May 191816 July 2001) was a Polish academic and veterinarian. A professor at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, she specialized in epizootiology but her main area of research concerned viral diseases of cani ...

(1918–2001), Polish veterinarian and epizootiologist *

Mary Parke Mary Winifred Parke, FRS, (23 March 1908 – 17 July 1989) was a British marine botanist and Fellow of the Royal Society (1972) specialising in phycology, the study of algae. Scientific work Mary Parke contributed a great deal to the study of ...

(1908–1989), British marine botanist specialising in phycology, the study of algae *

Jane E. Parker Jane Elizabeth Parker (born 1960) is a British scientist who researches the immune responses of plants at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research. Education and early life Jane Elizabeth Parker was born in 1960 in Great Britain an ...

(born 1960), British botanist who researches the immune responses of plants * Ruth Myrtle Patrick (1907–2013), American botanist, limnologist, and pollution expert *

Eva J. Pell Eva J. Pell (born March 11, 1948) is a biologist, plant pathologist, and science administrator. Pell's research focused on the physiological and biochemical impacts of air pollutants on vegetation. As a science administrator at Pennsylvania State ...

(born 1948), American plant pathologist *

Theodora Lisle Prankerd Theodora Lisle Prankerd (21 June 1878 – 11 November 1939) was a British botanist who worked on the growth of ferns, and lectured at Bedford College and the University of Reading. Early life and education Theodora Lisle Prankerd was born in ...

(1878–1939), British botanist *

Isabella Preston Isabella Preston (September 4, 1881 - January 31, 1965) was a horticulturist and public servant widely recognized for her achievements in plant hybridization and extensive work in ornamental plant breeding. During her 26-year career, she produce ...

(1881–1965), Canadian ornamental plant breeder (botanist) *

Joan Beauchamp Procter Joan Beauchamp Procter (5 August 1897 – 20 September 1931) was a notable British zoologist, internationally recognised as an outstanding herpetologist. She worked initially at the British Museum (Natural History) and later for the Zoological ...

(1897–1931), British zoologist (herpetologist) * Ragna Rask-Nielsen (1900–1998), Danish biochemist *

Julie Hanta Razafimanahaka Julie Hanta Razafimanahaka is a Malagasy conservation biologist. She has been the director of Madagasikara Voakajy, a conservation nonprofit operating in Eastern Madagascar, since 2011. She began her career as a bat researcher, from 2004 to 200 ...

, Madagascar biologist, conservationist *

F. Gwendolen Rees Florence Gwendolen Rees, (Gwendolen'' or Gwen) Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (3 July 1906 – 4 October 1994) was a Welsh Zoology, zoologist and parasitology, parasitologist. She was the first Welsh woman to become a fellow of the Royal So ...

(1906–1994), British parasitologist * Jytte Reichstein Nilsson (1932–2020), Danish protozoologist * Evdokia Reshetnik (1903-1996), Ukrainian zoologist and discoverer of Ukraine's sandy blind mole-rat *

Anita Roberts Anita Bauer Roberts (April 3, 1942 – May 26, 2006) was an American molecular biologist who made pioneering observations of a protein, TGF-β, that is critical in healing wounds and bone fractures and that has a dual role in blocking or stimu ...

(1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta" * Edith A. Roberts (1881–1977), American botanist and plant ecology pioneer * Gudrun Ruud (1882–1958), Norwegian zoologist specializing in embryology *

Hazel Schmoll Hazel Marguerite Schmoll (1890–1990) was an American botanist, and the first to conduct a systematic study of plant life in southwestern Colorado. She was also the first woman to earn a doctorate in botany from the University of Chicago. She was ...

(1890–1990), American botanist *

Eva Schönbeck-Temesy Univ. Prof. Dr. Eva Schönbeck-Temesy (August 16, 1930 – August 27, 2011) was an eminent, Austrian botanist of Hungarian descent who made notable contributions to Karl Heinz Rechinger's magisterial Flora Iranica. Life and career The fourth dau ...

(1930–2011), Austrian botanist of Hungarian descent *

Idah Sithole-Niang Idah Sithole-Niang (born 1957) is a Zimbabwean biochemist and educator. Her main area of research has been viruses which attack the cowpea, one of the major food crops of Zimbabwe. Biography Idah Sithole was born in Hwange, Zimbabwe, on 2 Octobe ...

(born 1957), biochemist focusing on cowpea production and disease *

Florence Wells Slater Mary Florence Wells Slater (October 16, 1864 – January 22, 1941) was an American entomologist and educator. After graduating from Saint Mary's School (Raleigh, North Carolina), St. Mary's School in 1882, she served on the faculty there as a scie ...

(1864–1941), American entomologist * Margaret A. Stanley, British virologist and epithelial biologist *

Phyllis Starkey Phyllis Margaret Starkey (née Williams; born 4 January 1947) is a British Labour party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Milton Keynes South West from 1997 to 2010. She had previously served as Leader of Oxford City Counci ...

(born 1947), British biochemist and medical researcher *

Magda Staudinger Magda Staudinger ( lv, Magda Štaudingere; 17 August 1902 – 21 April 1997) was a Latvian biologist and botanist who studied macromolecules with her husband Hermann Staudinger and their application to biology. She was acknowledged as his collabo ...

( lv, Magda Štaudingere) (1902–1997), Latvian-German biologist and chemist * Sarah Stewart (1905–1976), Mexican American microbiologist (discovered the Polyomavirus) * Ragnhild Sundby (1922–2006), Norwegian zoologist *

Felicitas Svejda Felicitas Svejda (November 8, 1920 – January 19, 2016) was a federal scientist in Canada who developed roses that could survive Canada's short growing season and bitter winter conditions. She led the rose-breeding program at the Central Experim ...

(1920–2016), Canadian botanist (rose breeder) * Maria Telkes (1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicist * Lois H. Tiffany (1924–2009), American mycologist *

Amelia Tonon Amelia Tonon (1899–1961) was an Italian entomologist who researched silkworms, their eggs and crossbreeding them. She also patented a technique to stain embryos. Life and work Amelia Tonon was born in Trieste on 23 March 1899 (Trieste is n ...

(1899–1961), Italian entomologist *

Lydia Villa-Komaroff Lydia Villa-Komaroff (born August 7, 1947) is a molecular and cellular biologist who has been an academic laboratory scientist, a university administrator, and a business woman. She was the third Mexican-American woman in the United States to r ...

(born 1947), Mexican American molecular cellular biologist *

Karen Vousden Karen Heather Vousden, CBE, FRS, FRSE, FMedSci (born 19 July 1957) is a British medical researcher. She is known for her work on the tumour suppressor protein, p53, and in particular her discovery of the important regulatory role of Mdm2, a ...

(born 1957), British cancer researcher *

Elisabeth Vrba Elisabeth S. Vrba (born 17 May 1942) is a paleontologist at Yale University who developed the turnover-pulse hypothesis. Education Vrba earned her Ph.D. in Zoology and Palaeontology at the University of Cape Town, in 1974. Vrba studied zoology ...

(born 1942), South African paleontologist *

Marvalee Wake Marvalee Hendricks Wake (born July 31, 1939) is an American zoologist and professor at the University of California, Berkeley, known for her research in the biology of caecilians (limbless amphibians) and vertebrate development and evolution. A 19 ...

(born 1939), American biologist researching limbless amphibians, educator *

Erna Walter Erna Walter (11 August 1893 in Bonn – 2 January 1992) was a German botanist, ecologist, botanical collector and bryologist. Life and work The daughter of botanist Heinrich Schenck, Erna studied botany, physics and chemistry in Darmstadt and ...

(1893–1992), German botanist *

Jane C. Wright Jane Cooke Wright (also known as "Jane Jones") (November 20, 1919 – February 19, 2013) was a pioneering oncologist, cancer researcher and surgeon noted for her contributions to chemotherapy. In particular, Wright is credited with developing ...

(1919–2013), American oncologist *

Kono Yasui was a Japanese biologist and cytologist. In 1927, she became the first Japanese woman to receive a doctoral degree in science. She received a Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon and was awarded as an Order of the Precious Crown Third Class for he ...

(1880–1971), Japanese cytologist *

Eleanor Anne Young Eleanor Anne Young (October 8, 1925 – July 13, 2007) was a Catholic religious sister, research scientist, and educator. She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. Biography The daughter of Carl Young and Eleanor Hamilton ...

(1925–2007), American nutritionist and educator * Mary Sophie Young (1872–1919), American botanist * Jennie L. S. Simpson (1894 –1977), Canadian-American botanist and geneticist

Chemistry

* Pauline Ramart (1880–1953), French chemist and politician *

Maria Abbracchio Maria Pia Abbracchio is an Italian pharmacologist who researches the biochemical effect of drugs at the cellular level. She has conducted research all over the world and is one of the scientists Thomson Reuters has named as most cited scientists ...

(born 1956), Italian pharmacologist who works with purinergic receptors and identified GPR17. On Reuter's most-cited list since 2006. *

Marian Ewurama Addy Marian Ewurama Addy (née Cole; 7 February 1942 – 14 January 2014) was a Ghanaian biochemist and the first Host of the National Science and Maths Quiz. The first Ghanaian woman to attain the rank of full professor of natural science, Addy be ...

(1942–2014), Ghanaian biochemist, specializing in herbal medicine; first woman in Ghana to attain the rank of full professor in the natural sciences; winner of the UNESCO Kalinga Prize in 1999 *

Barbara Askins Barbara S. Askins (born 1939) is an American chemist. She is best known for her invention of a method to enhance underexposed photographic negatives. This development was used extensively by NASA and the medical industry, and it earned Askins the ...

(born 1939), American chemist * Karin Aurivillius (1920–1982), Swedish chemist and crystallographer *

Alice Ball Alice Augusta Ball (July 25, 1882 – December 31, 1916) was an American chemist who developed the "Ball Method", the most effective treatment for leprosy during the early 20th century. She was the first woman and first African American to rece ...

(1892–1916), American chemist *

Ulrike Beisiegel Ulrike Beisiegel (born 23 December 1952) is a German biochemist and university professor who in 2011 became the first woman to serve as president of the University of Göttingen, founded in 1737. Her research on liver fats and disease was honored ...

(born 1952), German biochemist, researcher of liver fats and first female president of the University of Göttingen *

Anne Beloff-Chain Anne Ethel Beloff-Chain, Lady Chain (26 June 1921 – 2 December 1991) was a British biochemist. She worked at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (1948–1964), Imperial College London (1964–1986) and the University of Buckingham (1986–1991). He ...

(1921–1991), British biochemist *

Jeannette Brown Jeannette Elizabeth Brown (born May 13, 1934) is a retired American organic medicinal chemist, historian, and author. Life and education Brown was born in 1934 in The Bronx, New York. According to Brown, when she was young, she contracted tuberc ...

(born 1934), medicinal chemist, writer, educator *

Astrid Cleve Astrid Maria Cleve von Euler (22 January 1875 – 8 April 1968) was a Swedish botanist, geologist, chemist and researcher at Uppsala University. She was the first woman in Sweden to obtain a doctoral degree of science. Life Astrid Maria Cleve w ...

(1875–1968), Swedish chemist *

Seetha Coleman-Kammula Seetha Coleman-Kammula is an Indian chemist, environmentalist and entrepreneur. After over 25 years working in the petrochemical industry developing plastics, she began an environmental consulting firm in 2005. Her firm focuses on industrial ec ...

(born 1950), Indian chemist and plastics designer, turned environmentalist *

Maria Skłodowska-Curie Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first ...

(1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium), Nobel prize in physics 1903 and Nobel prize in chemistry 1911 * Madeleine M. Joullié (born 1927), Brazilian organic chemist * Mary Campbell Dawbarn (1902–1982), Australian biochemist *

Moira Lenore Dynon Moira Lenore Dynon (; 4 September 1920 – 23 October 1976) was an Australian chemist and community activist. The daughter of Percy Shelton and Lily Johnston, she was born Moira Lenore Shelton in Elsternwick and was educated there, in Toorak and ...

(1920–1976), Australian chemist *

Gertrude B. Elion Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovat ...

(1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 for drug development) * Claire E. Eyers (fl. 2004), British mass spectrometist *

Nellie Ivy Fisher Nellie Ivy Fisher (1907–1995) was a London-born industrial chemist and researcher who specialized in photographic chemistry and became known for her work in Australia as the first woman to lead a division of Kodak. Life Nellie Ivy Fisher wa ...

(1907–1995), London-born industrial chemist, first woman to lead a division of

Kodak The Eastman Kodak Company (referred to simply as Kodak ) is an American public company that produces various products related to its historic basis in analogue photography. The company is headquartered in Rochester, New York, and is incorpor ...

in Australia * Gwendolyn Wilson Fowler (1907–1997), American chemist and first licensed African American pharmacist in Iowa *

Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, co ...

(1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer *

Ellen Gleditsch Ellen Gleditsch (29 December 1879 – 5 June 1968) was a Norwegian radiochemist and Norway's second female professor. Starting her career as an assistant to Marie Curie, she became a pioneer in radiochemistry, establishing the half-life of radiu ...

(1879–1968), Norwegian radiochemist *

Jenny Glusker Jenny Pickworth Glusker (born 28 June 1931) is a British biochemist and crystallographer. Since 1956 she has worked at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, a National Cancer Research Institute in the United States. She was also an adjunct professor of ...

(born 1931), British biochemist, educator *

Emīlija Gudriniece Emīlija Gudriniece (russian: Эмилия Юлиановна Гудриниеце; 3 August 1920 – 4 October 2004) was a Soviet and Latvian chemist who specialized in organic synthesis. She focused on the practical use of substances and synthe ...

(1920–2004), Latvian chemist and academic *

Frances Mary Hamer Frances Mary Hamer (1894–1980) was a British chemist who specialized in the sensitization compounds used for photographic processing for which she held many patents. She was very active in the Allied efforts to enhance aerial photography during ...

(1894–1980), British chemist who specialized in photographic sensitization compounds *

Anna J. Harrison Anna Jane Harrison (December 23, 1912 – August 8, 1998) was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College for nearly forty years. She was the first female President of the American Chemical Society, and the ...

(1912–1998), American organic chemist *

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (née Crowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning British chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential fo ...

(1910–1994), British crystallographer, Nobel prize in chemistry 1964 *

Clara Immerwahr Clara Helene Immerwahr (; 21 June 1870 – 2 May 1915) was a German chemist. She was the first German woman to be awarded a doctorate in chemistry in Germany, and is credited with being a pacifist as well as a "heroine of the women's rights mov ...

(1870–1915), German chemist *

Allene Jeanes Allene Rosalind Jeanes (July 19, 1906 – December 11, 1995) was an American chemical researcher, whose studies focused mainly on carbohydrates and the development of Dextran, a substance that replaced blood plasma in the Korean War. A member of ...

(1906–1995), American chemical researcher who developed

Dextran Dextran is a complex branched glucan (polysaccharide derived from the condensation of glucose), originally derived from wine. IUPAC defines dextrans as "Branched poly-α-d-glucosides of microbial origin having glycosidic bonds predominantly C-1 ...

and

Xanthan gum Xanthan gum () is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars u ...

Irène Joliot-Curie Irène Joliot-Curie (; ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was award ...

(1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 *

Chika Kuroda Chika Kuroda (黒田チカ; 24 March 1884 – 8 November 1968) was a Japanese chemist whose research focused on natural pigments. She was the first woman in Japan to receive a Bachelor of Science. Biography Chika Kuroda was born in Saga, Kyus ...

(1884–1968), Japanese chemist *

Stephanie Kwolek Stephanie Louise Kwolek (; July 31, 1923 – June 18, 2014) was a Polish-American chemist who is known for inventing Kevlar. Her career at the DuPont company spanned more than 40 years. She discovered the first of a family of synthetic fibers of ...

(1923–2014), American chemist, inventor of

Kevlar Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s a ...

Lidija Liepiņa Lidija Liepiņa (, russian: Лидия Карловна Лепинь; 4 April 1891 – 4 September 1985) was a Latvian physical chemist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, professor, and one of the first women to receive a ...

(1891–1985), Latvian chemist, one of the first Soviet doctorates in chemistry *

Kathleen Lonsdale Dame Kathleen Lonsdale ( Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was an Irish-born British pacifist, prison reformer and crystallographer. She proved, in 1929, that the benzene ring is flat by using X-ray diffraction methods to elucidate t ...

(1903–1971), British crystallographer * Bodil Jerslev Lund (1919–2005), Danish chemist and pharmacist * Grace Medes (1886–1967), American biochemist *

Maud Menten Maud Leonora Menten (March 20, 1879 – July 17, 1960) was a Canadian physician and chemist. As a bio-medical and medical researcher, she made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry and invented a procedure that rema ...

(1879–1960), Canadian biochemist *

Christina Miller Christina Cruikshank Miller FRSE (29 August 1899 – 16 July 2001) was a Scottish chemist and one of the first five women (also the first female chemist) elected to the Royal Society of Edinburgh (7 March 1949). Christina Miller was deaf from chil ...

(1899–2001), Scottish chemist, one of the first women elected to Royal Society of Edinburgh * Catherine J. Murphy (born 1964), American chemist *

Muriel Wheldale Onslow Muriel Wheldale Onslow (31 March 1880 – 19 May 1932) was a British biochemist, born in Birmingham, England. She studied the inheritance of flower colour in the common snapdragon Antirrhinum and the biochemistry of anthocyanin pigment molecules ...

(1880–1932), British biochemist * Helen T. Parsons (1886–1977), American biochemist * Nellie M. Payne (1900–1990), American entomologist and agricultural chemist *

Eva Philbin Eva Philbin (4 January 1914 – 24 June 2005) was an Irish chemist who became the first woman president of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland. Born Eva Maria Ryder in Ballina, County Mayo, Ireland, Philbin received her B.Sc with first class h ...

(1914–2005), Irish chemist *

Darshan Ranganathan Darshan Ranganathan (4 June 1941 – 4 June 2001) was an organic chemist from India who was known for her work in bio-organic chemistry, including "pioneering work in protein folding." She was also recognized for her work in "supramolecular ass ...

(1941–2001), Indian organic chemist * Mildred Rebstock (1919–2011), American pharmaceutical chemist *

Elizabeth Rona Elizabeth Rona (20 March 1890 – 27 July 1981) was a Hungarian nuclear chemist, known for her work with radioactive isotopes. After developing an enhanced method of preparing polonium samples, she was recognized internationally as the leading ...

(1890–1981), Hungarian (naturalized American), nuclear chemist and polonium expert *

Patsy Sherman Patsy O’Connell Sherman (September 15, 1930– February 11, 2008) was an American chemist and co-inventor of Scotchgard, a 3M brand of products, a stain repellent and durable water repellent. Early life Sherman was born in Minneapolis, Mi ...

(1930–2008), American chemist, co-inventor of

Scotchgard Scotchgard is a 3M brand of products, a stain and durable water repellent applied to fabric, furniture, and carpets to protect them from stains. Scotchgard products typically rely on organofluorine chemicals as the main active ingredient along ...

* Marija Šimanska (1922–1995), Latvian chemist * Taneko Suzuki (1926–2020), Japanese biochemist who created ''Marinbeef'', a product made of fish that tasted like beef *

Ida Noddack Ida Noddack (25 February 1896 – 24 September 1978), ''née'' Tacke, was a German chemist and physicist. In 1934 she was the first to mention the idea later named nuclear fission. With her husband - Walter Noddack - and Otto Berg she discover ...

Tacke (1896–1978), German chemist and physicist *

Grace Oladunni Taylor Grace Oladunni Taylor (also known as Grace Oladunni Lucia Olaniyan-Taylor; born 24 April 1937) is a biochemist, formerly at University of Ibadan, Nigeria. She was the second woman to be inducted into the Nigerian Academy of Science and the first A ...

(born 1937), Nigerian chemist 2nd woman inducted into the Nigerian Academy of Science * Jean Thomas (born 1942), British biochemist (chromatin) *

Michiyo Tsujimura was a Japanese agricultural scientist and biochemist whose research focused on the components of green tea. She was the first woman in Japan to receive a doctoral degree in agriculture. Early life Tsujimura was born in 1888 in what is now Ok ...

(1888–1969), Japanese biochemist, agricultural scientist * Joanna Maria Vandenberg (born 1938), Dutch solid state chemist and crystallographer *

Elizabeth Williamson Elizabeth M. Williamson MRPharmS is a former Professor of Pharmacy at the University of Reading, England. Her main research interest is in herbal medicines Herbal medicine (also herbalism) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicin ...

, English pharmacologist and herbalist *

Ada Yonath Ada E. Yonath ( he, עדה יונת, ; born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of ribosomes. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular S ...

(born 1939), Israeli crystallographer, Nobel prize in Chemistry 2009 * Daisy Yen Wu (1902–1993), first Chinese woman to work as a biochemist

Geology

* Mária Mottl (1906 – 1980), Hungarian speleologist and vertebrate paleontologist *

Mathilde Dolgopol de Sáez Mathilde Dolgopol de Sáez (6 March 1901 – 29 June 1957) was an Argentinian vertebrate paleontologist. She has “the distinction of being the first female vertebrate paleontologist in Latin America.” Biography Mathilde Dolgopol de Sáez wa ...

(1901 – 1957), Argentinian vertebrate paleontologist *

Rosaly Lopes Rosaly M. C. Lopes (born January 8, 1957) is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial su ...

(born 1957), Brazilian is a planetary geologist,volcanologist *

Zonia Baber Mary Arizona "Zonia" Baber (August 24, 1862 – January 10, 1956), was an American geographer and geologist best known for developing methods for teaching geography. Her teachings emphasized experiential learning through field work and experim ...

(1862–1955), American geographer and geologist * Tove Birkelund (1928=1986), Danish historical geologist * Karen Callisen (1882–1970), Danish geologist *

Inés Cifuentes Inés Lucia Cifuentes (April 26, 1954 – December 16, 2013) was an English-born American seismologist and educator. From 1994 to 2005, she was director of the Carnegie Academy for Science Education. Early life Born in London, Inés Cifuente ...

(1954–2014), American seismologist and educator *

Moira Dunbar Isobel Moira Dunbar (3 February 1918 – 22 November 1999) was a Scottish-Canadian glaciologist and Arctic sea-ice researcher. Personal life Moira Dunbar was born in 1918 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She grew up in Stornoway, Strathpeffer, and Ki ...

(1918–1999), Scottish-Canadian glaciologist * Elizabeth F. Fisher (1872–1941), American geologist *

Regina Fleszarowa Regina Fleszarowa (28 March 1888 – 1 July 1969) was a Polish geographer and geologist, who participated in women's rights and served as a Senator in the Second Polish Republic between 1935 and 1938. Studying at the Sorbonne, in 1913, she receiv ...

(1888–1969), Polish geologist * Frances Gamble (1942-1997), South African speleologist and climatologist *

Winifred Goldring Winifred Goldring (February 1, 1888 – January 30, 1971Kluessendorf, 1998, p.14), was an American paleontologist whose work included a description of stromatolites, as well as the study of Devonian crinoids. and She was the first wom ...

(1888–1971), American paleontologist *

Eileen Hendriks Eileen Mary Lind Hendriks (1887–1978) was a geologist specialising in the geology of Devon and Cornwall. In 1930, she attempted to become the first female geologist employed by the Geological Survey of Great Britain, but her application was un ...

(1887–1978), British geologist *

Rosemary Hutton Violet Rosemary Strachan Hutton FInstP FRSE FRAS (22 October 1925 – 1 April 2004), known to her peers as Rosemary, was a Scottish geophysicist and pioneer of magnetotellurics. Her research focused on the use of electromagnetic methods to dete ...

(1925-2004, Scottish geophysicist and pioneer of

magnetotellurics Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ran ...

Edith Kristan-Tollmann Edith Kristan-Tollmann nee Edith Kristan (born 14 April 1934 in Vienna; died 25 August 1995) was an Austrian geologist and paleontologist. A prolific scientist with an interest in micropalaeontology and especially the foraminifera of the Triassic ...

(1934–1995), Austrian geologist and paleontologist * Dorothée Le Maître (1896–1990), French paleontologist * Karen Cook McNally (1940–2014), American seismologist *

Inge Lehmann Inge Lehmann (13 May 1888 – 21 February 1993) was a Danish seismologist and geophysicist. In 1936, she discovered that the Earth has a solid inner core inside a molten outer core. Before that, seismologists believed Earth's core to be a sing ...

(1888–1993), Danish seismologist who discovered Earth's solid inner core *

Marcia McNutt Marcia Kemper McNutt (born February 19, 1952) is an American geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States. Previously, she served as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal ''Science'' fro ...

(born 1951), American geophysicist *

Ellen Louise Mertz Ellen Louise Mertz (20 July 1896 — 29 December 1987) was one of Denmark's first female geologists and the country's first engineering geologist. She undertook pioneering investigative work for the Danish State Railways in the late 1920s in con ...

(1896–1987), Danish engineering geologist * Ruth Schmidt (1916–2014), American geologist *

Ethel Shakespear Dame Ethel Mary Reader Shakespear (née Wood; 17 July 1871 – 17 January 1946) was an English geologist, Justice of the Peace, public servant, and philanthropist.Biography, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' She is most famously know ...

(1871–1946), English geologist * Kathleen Sherrard (1898–1975), Australian geologist and palaeontologist *

Ethel Skeat Ethel Gertrude Skeat (1865–1939), also known by her married name of Ethel Woods, was an English stratigrapher, invertebrate paleontologist, and geologist who became known for her work on Jurassic glacial deposits in Denmark and on Lower Paleozo ...

(1865–1939), English paleontologist and geologist *

Marjorie Sweeting Marjorie Mary Sweeting (28 February 1920 – 31 December 1994 in Oxford), was a British Geomorphology, geomorphologist specializing in karst phenomena. Sweeting had gained extensive knowledge on various topographies and landscapes, by travel ...

(1920–1994), British geomorphologist *

Marie Tharp Marie Tharp (July 30, 1920 – August 23, 2006) was an American geologist and oceanographic cartographer. In the 1950s, she collaborated with geologist Bruce Heezen to produce the first scientific map of the Atlantic Ocean floor. Her cartograph ...

(1920–2006), American geologist and oceanographic cartographer *

Elsa G. Vilmundardóttir Elsa Guðbjörg Vilmundardóttir (27 November 1932 - 2008) was the first Icelandic woman to complete a degree in geology and was the country's first female geologist. But she did much more outside of the field of geology, and was very involved i ...

(1932–2008), Iceland's first female geologist *

Marguerite Williams Marguerite Thomas Williams (born Marguerite Thomas; December 24, 1895 – August 17, 1991) was an American geologist. She was the first African American to earn a doctorate in geology in the United States. Early years and education Marguerite Th ...

(1895–1991), American geologist *

Alice Wilson Alice Evelyn Wilson, MBE, FRSC, FRCGS (August 26, 1881 – April 15, 1964) was Canada's first female geologist. Her scientific studies of rocks and fossils in the Ottawa region between 1913 and 1963 remain a respected source of knowledge. Earl ...

(1881–1964), Canadian geologist and paleontologist *

Elizabeth A. Wood Elizabeth Armstrong Wood (1912–2006) was an American crystallographer and geologist who ran a research program at Bell Telephone Laboratories that led to the development of new superconductors and lasers. She was known for the clarity of her wri ...

(1912–2006), American crystallographer and geologist

Mathematics or computer science

Hertha Marks Ayrton Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton (28 April 1854 – 26 August 1923) was a British engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor, and suffragette. Known in adult life as Hertha Ayrton, born Phoebe Sarah Marks, she was awarded the Hughes Medal by the ...

(1854–1923), British mathematician and electrical engineer (electric arcs, sand ripples, invention of several devices, geometry) *

Cecilia Berdichevsky Cecilia Berdichevsky or Berdichevski (née Tuwjasz) (1925 – 2010) was a pioneering Argentinian computer scientist and began her work in 1961 using the first Ferranti Mercury computer in that country. Biography She was born Mirjam Tuwjasz

(1925–2010), pioneering Argentinian computer scientist *

Anita Borg Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 – April 6, 2003) was an American computer scientist. She founded the Institute for Women and Technology and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Education and early life Borg was born Anita Borg Naf ...

(1949–2003), American computer scientist, founder of the Institute for Women and Technology * Carolina Araujo, Brazilian mathematician * Mary L. Cartwright (1900–1998), British mathematician *

Amanda Chessell Amanda Elizabeth Chessell is a computer scientist and a Distinguished Engineer at IBM. She has been awarded the title of IBM Master Inventor. She is also a Member of the IBM Academy of Technology. Outside IBM, Chessell is the first woman to ...

, British computer scientist *

Ingrid Daubechies Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( ; ; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician. She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression. Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance i ...

(born 1954), Belgian mathematician (Wavelets – first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics) * Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa (1876–1964), Russian/Dutch mathematician *

Deborah Estrin Deborah Estrin (born December 6, 1959) is a Professor of Computer Science at Cornell Tech. She is co-founder of the non-profit Open mHealth and gave a TEDMED talk on small data in 2013. Estrin is known for her work on sensor networks, participat ...

(born 1959), American computer scientist *

Vera Faddeeva Vera Faddeeva (russian: Вера Николаевна Фаддеева; Vera Nikolaevna Faddeeva; 1906–1983) was a Soviet mathematician. Faddeeva published some of the earliest work in the field of numerical linear algebra. Her 1950 work, ''Com ...

(russian: link=no, Вера Николаевна Фаддеева) (1906–1983), Russian mathematician. One of the first to publish works on linear algebra. *

Shafi Goldwasser en, Shafrira Goldwasser , name = Shafi Goldwasser , image = Shafi Goldwasser.JPG , caption = Shafi Goldwasser in 2010 , birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S. , birth_date = , death_date ...

(born 1959), American-Israel computer scientist *

Evelyn Boyd Granville Evelyn Boyd Granville (born May 1, 1924) was the second African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics from an American university; she earned it in 1949 from Yale University. She graduated from Smith College in 1945.. She performed p ...

(born 1924), American mathematician, second African-American woman to get a PhD in mathematics *

Marion Cameron Gray Marion Gray (26 March 1902 – 16 September 1979) was a Scottish mathematician who discovered a graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges while working at American Telephone & Telegraph. The graph is commonly known as the Gray graph. Early life and e ...

(1902–1979), Scottish mathematician *

Barbara Grosz Barbara J. Grosz CorrFRSE (Philadelphia, July 21, 1948) is an American computer scientist and Higgins Professor of Natural Sciences at Harvard University. She has made seminal contributions to the fields of natural language processing and multi ...

(born 1948), American computer scientist; 1993 President of the AAAI *

Milly Koss Adele Mildred Koss, known as Milly Koss, (born 11 July 1928, died 11 September 2012) was an American computing pioneer. The Association for Women in Computing awarded her an Ada Lovelace Award in 2000. She attended Philadelphia High School for Gi ...

(1928–2012), American computing pioneer *

Bryna Kra Bryna Rebekah Kra (born 1966) is an American mathematician and Sarah Rebecca Roland Professor at Northwestern University who is on the board of trustees of the American Mathematical Society and was elected the president of American Mathematical So ...

(born 1966), American mathematician * Margaret Hamilton (born 1936), American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner *

Frances Hardcastle Frances Hardcastle (13 August 1866 – 26 December 1941) was an English mathematician, in 1894 one of the founding members of the American Mathematical Society. Her work included contributions to the theory of point groups. Biography Born in ...

(1866–1941), mathematician, founding member of the American Mathematical Society *

Julia Hirschberg Julia Hirschberg is an American computer scientist noted for her research on computational linguistics and natural language processing. Hirschberg was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2017 for contributions to the us ...

, American computer scientist and computational linguist *

Betty Holberton Frances Elizabeth Holberton (March 7, 1917 – December 8, 2001) was an American computer scientist who was one of the six original programmers of the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, ENIAC. The other five ENIAC programmers wer ...

(1927–2001), American computer programmer *

Grace Hopper Grace Brewster Hopper (; December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy Rear admiral (United States), rear admiral. One of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I, Harvard Mar ...

(1906–1992), American computer scientist * Sandra Hutchins (b. 1946), American computer scientists *

Margarete Kahn Margarethe Kahn (known as Grete Kahn, also Margarete Kahn, born 27 August 1880, missing after deportation to Piaski, Poland on 28 March 1942) was a German mathematician and Holocaust victim. She was among the first women to obtain a doctorate ...

(1880–1942), German mathematician *

Lyudmila Keldysh Lyudmila Vsevolodovna Keldysh (russian: Людмила Всеволодовна Келдыш; 12 March 1904 – 16 February 1976) was a Soviet mathematician known for set theory and geometric topology. Biography Lyudmila Vsevolodovna Keldysh was ...

(1904–1976), Russia mathematician known for set theory and geometric topology *

Marta Kwiatkowska Marta Zofia Kwiatkowska is a Polish theoretical computer scientist based in the United Kingdom. Kwiatkowska is Professor of Computing Systems in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford, England, and a Fellow of Tri ...

(born 1957), Polish-British Computer scientist * Marguerite Lehr (1898–1987), American mathematician *

Margaret Anne LeMone Margaret Anne LeMone (born February 21, 1946) is an atmospheric scientist who uses both atmospheric observations and computer models to study the formation and development of clouds, the development of precipitation, and the structure of storms. ...

(born 1946), mathematician and atmospheric scientist *

Barbara Liskov Barbara Liskov (born November 7, 1939 as Barbara Jane Huberman) is an American computer scientist who has made pioneering contributions to programming languages and distributed computing. Her notable work includes the development of the Liskov ...

(born 1939), American computer scientist for whom the

Liskov substitution principle The Liskov substitution principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called strong behavioral subtyping, that was initially introduced by Barbara Liskov in a 1988 conference keynote address titled ''Data abstraction and h ...

is named * Margaret Millington (1944–1973), English mathematician *

Mangala Narlikar Mangala Narlikar is an Indian mathematician who has done research in pure mathematics as well as written for a lay audience. After her degrees in mathematics, she initially worked at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai a ...

(graduated 1962), Indian mathematician *

Klara Dan von Neumann Klara may refer to: * Klara, a female given name, see Clara (given name) * Klara (radio), a classical-music radio station in Belgium * Klara (singer), birth name Klára Vytisková (born 1985), Czech singer * Klara (Stockholm), an area of central S ...

(1911–1963), Hungarian computer scientist *

Frances Northcutt Frances "Poppy" Northcutt (born August 10, 1943) is an American engineer and attorney who began her career as a "computer", and was later a member of the technical staff of NASA's Apollo program during the Space Race. During the Apollo 8 mission ...

(born 1943), American engineer *

Rózsa Péter Rózsa Péter, born Rózsa Politzer, (17 February 1905 – 16 February 1977) was a Hungarian mathematician and logician. She is best known as the "founding mother of recursion theory". Early life and education Péter was born in Budapest, ...

(1905–1977), Hungarian mathematician *

Cicely Popplewell Cicely Mary Williams (née Popplewell) 29 October 1920 – 20 June 1995 was a British software engineer who worked with Alan Turing on the Manchester Mark 1 computer. Early life and education Popplewell was born on 29 October 1920 in Stockpo ...

(1920–1995), British software engineer, 1960s * Karen Sparck Jones (1935–2007), British computer scientist *

Dorothy Vaughan Dorothy Jean Johnson Vaughan (September 20, 1910 – November 10, 2008) was an American mathematician and human computer who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), and NASA, at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Vir ...

(1910–2008), American mathematician, worked at NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory *

Dorothy Maud Wrinch Dorothy Maud Wrinch (12 September 1894 – 11 February 1976; married names Nicholson, Glaser) was a mathematician and biochemical theorist best known for her attempt to deduce protein structure using mathematical principles. She was a champion o ...

(1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemist *

Jeannette Wing Jeannette Marie Wing is Avanessians Director of the Data Science Institute at Columbia University, where she is also a professor of computer science. Until June 30, 2017, she was Corporate Vice President of Microsoft Research with oversight of i ...

(born 1956), computer scientist, Microsoft Corporate Vice President *

Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani ( fa, مریم میرزاخانی, ; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ...

(1977–2017), Iranian mathematician, first female recipient of the

Fields medal The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award ho ...

Karen Uhlenbeck Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck (born August 24, 1942) is an American mathematician and one of the founders of modern geometric analysis. She is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she held the Sid W. Richard ...

(born 1942), American mathematician and founder of modern geometric analysis

Science education

* Kathleen Jannette Anderson (1927–2002), Scottish biologist *

Susan Blackmore Susan Jane Blackmore (born 29 July 1951) is a British writer, lecturer, sceptic, broadcaster, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Plymouth. Her fields of research include memetics, parapsychology, consciousness, and she is best known fo ...

(born 1951), British science writer (memetics, evolutionary theory, consciousness, parapsychology) * Florence Annie Yeldham (1877–1945), British school teacher and historian of arithmetic Concepción Mendizábal

Engineering

* Zhenan Bao (born 1970), American chemical engineer and materials scientist *

Frances Bradfield Frances Beatrice Bradfield (9 October 1895– 26 February 1967) was an aeronautical engineer at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE). She worked at RAE Farnborough, where she headed the Wind Tunnels Section. Here she mentored many of the you ...

(1896–1967), British aeronautical engineer *

Isabel Escobar Isabel C. Escobar is a professor in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky. She is also associate director of the Center of Membrane Sciences and co-director of the College of Engi ...

, Brazilian Engineering * Jayne Bryant, engineering director for BAE Systems * Nance Dicciani (born 1947), American chemical engineer *

Ana María Flores Ana María Flores Sanzetenea (born 29 July 1952) is a Bolivian engineer, businesswoman, ex-senator, and politician. She is also known for her candidacy for the presidency of Bolivia in the 2009 general election, in which she finished fifth. Bi ...

(born 1952), Bolivian engineer *

Kate Gleason Catherine Anselm Gleason (November 24/25, 1865 – January 9, 1933) was an American engineer and businesswoman known for her accomplishments in the field of engineering and for her philanthropy. Starting at a young age, she managed several impor ...

(1865–1933), American engineer * Ida Holz (born 1935), Uruguayan engineer *

Frances Hugle Frances Sarnat Hugle (August 13, 1927 – May 24, 1968) was an American scientist, engineer, and inventor who contributed to the understanding of semiconductors, integrated circuitry, and the unique electrical principles of microscopic materials. ...

(1927–1968), American engineer * Marianne Kärrholm (1921–2018), Swedish chemical engineer *

Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge Julia Elizabeth King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge (born 11 July 1954) is a British engineer and a crossbench member of the House of Lords, where she chairs the Select Committee on Science and Technology. She is the incumbent chair of the Car ...

(born 1954), British engineer *

Elsie MacGill Elsie may refer to: People and fictional characters * Elsie (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Lily Elsie (1886–1952), English actress and singer born Elsie Hodder * Robert Elsie (1950–2017), Canadian expert in Albanian ...

(1907–1980), First Canadian female engineer *

Florence Violet McKenzie Florence Violet McKenzie ( Granville; 28 September 1890 – 23 May 1982), affectionately known as "Mrs Mac", was Australia's first female electrical engineer, founder of the Women's Emergency Signalling Corps (WESC) and lifelong promot ...

(1890 or 1892–1982), first female electrical engineer in Australia *

Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (March 4, 1893 – November 23, 1985) was a Mexican civil engineer. Mendizábal was the first woman in Mexico to earn a civil engineering degree. She attended the Palacio de Minería starting in 1921 and successfu ...

(1893–1985), first female civil engineer in Mexico *

Maria Tereza Jorge Pádua Maria Tereza Jorge Pádua (born 8 May 1943) is a Brazilian ecologist and environmentalist. She is known as the "mother of Brazil's national parks" for her efforts to establish reserves and parks in Brazil. She is president of FUNATURA, a global nat ...

(born 1943), Brazilian ecologist *

Katharina Paulus Katharina "Käthe" Paulus (22 December 1868 – 26 July 1935) was a German exhibition parachute jumper and the inventor of the first collapsible parachute. At the time, 1910, the parachute was named "rescue apparatus for aeronauts". The previous p ...

(1868–1953), German aeronaut *

Molly Shoichet Molly S. Shoichet , is a Canadian science professor, specializing in chemistry, biomaterials and biomedical engineering. She was Ontario's first Chief Scientist. Shoichet is a biomedical engineer known for her work in tissue engineering, and is ...

, Canadian biomedical engineer * Laura Anne Willson (1877–1942), British engineer and suffragette * Paula T. Hammond (born 1963), American chemical engineer and material scientist

Medicine

* Phyllis Margery Anderson (1901–1957), Australian pathologist * Celina Turchi, Brazilian epidemiologist *

Virginia Apgar Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909August 7, 1974) was an American physician, obstetrical anesthesiologist and medical researcher, best known as the inventor of the Apgar Score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after bir ...

(1909–1974), American obstetrical anesthesiologist (inventor of the

Apgar score The Apgar score is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to Neonatal resuscitation, resuscitation. It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia Univ ...

) *

Heather Ashton Heather Ashton (11 July 1929 – 15 September 2019) was a British psychopharmacologist and physician. She is best known for her clinical and research work on benzodiazepine dependence. Biography Chrystal Heather Champion was born in Dehrad ...

(1929–2019), English psychopharmacologist *

Anna Baetjer Anna Medora Baetjer (July 7, 1899 – February 21, 1984) was an American physiologist and toxicologist, known for her research into the health effects of industrial work on women and for her discovery of the carcinogenic properties of chromium. ...

(1899–1984), American physiologist and toxicologist *

Roberta Bondar Roberta Lynn Bondar (; born December 4, 1945) is a Canadian astronaut, neurologist and consultant. She is Canada's first female astronaut and the first neurologist in space. After more than a decade as head of an international space medicine r ...

(born 1945), Canadian, space medicine *

Dorothy Lavinia Brown Dorothy Lavinia Brown (January 7, 1914 – June 13, 2004Martini, KelliDorothy Brown, South's first African-American woman doctor, dies News Archives, The United Methodist Church, June 14, 2004, UMC.org), also known as "Dr. D.", was an African-Ame ...

(1919–2004), American surgeon * Audrey Cahn (1905–2008), Australian nutritionist and microbiologist *

Margaret Chan Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born 21 August 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China from 2006–2017. Chan previously served a ...

(born 1947), Chinese-Canadian health administrator; director of the World Health Organization * Evelyn Stocking Crosslin (1919–1991), American physician *

Eleanor Davies-Colley Eleanor Davies-Colley FRCS (21 August 1874; Petworth, Sussex – 10 December 1934; London) was a British surgeon. Among the earliest women in the UK to pursue a career in surgery, at that time an almost entirely male-dominated profession, she ...

(1874–1934), British surgeon (first female FRCS) *

Claire Fagin Claire Mintzer Fagin FAAN (born November 25, 1926) is an American nurse, educator, academic, and consultant. She has a bachelor's degree in science from Wagner College, a master's in nursing from Columbia University and a Ph.D from New York Univ ...

(born 1926), American health-care researcher * Sophia Getzowa (1872–1946), Belarusian-Israeli pathologist * Esther Greisheimer (1891–1982), American academic and medical researcher * L. Ruth Guy (1913–2006), American academic and pathologist *

Janina Hurynowicz Janina Hurynowicz (1894–1967) was a Polish medical doctor, neurophysiologist and neurologist. She was the author of many works on Chronaxie and the influence of insulin on the autonomic nervous system and became a professor at the Nicolaus Coper ...

(1894–1967), Polish doctor, neurophysiologist, resistance member *

Karen C. Johnson Karen C. Johnson is the chair for the Department of Preventive Medicine at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC). She has been involved in at least five clinical world trials, including a Women's health initiative, the ''SPRI ...

(born 1955), American physician and clinical trials specialist who is one of Reuter's most cited scientists *

Krista Kostial-Šimonović Krista Kostial-Šimonović (19 December 1923 – 29 April 2018) was a Croatian physician and academic who researched the effects of human exposure to heavy metals and toxicity. She was elected as an associate member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sci ...

(1923–2018), Croatian physiologist and heavy metals expert *

Mary Jeanne Kreek Mary Jeanne Kreek (9 February 1937 – March 27, 2021) was an American neurobiologist specializing in the study and treatment of addiction. She is best known for her work with Marie Nyswander and Dr. Vincent Dole in the development of methadone t ...

(1937–2021), American neurobiologist *

Elise L'Esperance Elise Depew Strang L'Esperance (1878–1958) was an American pathologist and physician, a pioneer in establishing a preventive model of cancer treatment. She was a pathologist noted for establishing cancer prevention clinics in New York. She found ...

(1878–1958), American pathologist *

Elaine Marjory Little Elaine Marjory Little (2 June 1884 – 2 May 1974) was an Australian pathologist. The daughter of Joseph Henry Little, a medical practitioner born in Ireland, and Agnes Elisabeth Mellor, his wife, a native of England, she was born in Brisbane. Th ...

(1884–1974), Australian pathologist *

Anna Suk-Fong Lok Anna Suk-Fong Lok () is a gastroenterologist who studied in Hong Kong and moved to the United States in 1992. She is a Professor of Medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and helped the World Health Organization (WHO) and American As ...

, Chinese/American hepatologist, wrote WHO and AASLD guidelines for emerging countries and liver disease *

Eleanor Josephine Macdonald Eleanor Josephine Macdonald (4 March 1906 – 26 July 2007) was a pioneer American cancer epidemiologist and cancer researcher influenced and mentored by Edwin Bidwell Wilson and Shields Warren. One of the earliest proponents of the idea that canc ...

(1906–2007), pioneer American cancer epidemiologist and cancer researcher * Catharine Macfarlane (1877–1969), American obstetrician and gynecologist * Charlotte E. Maguire (1918—2014), Florida pediatrician and medical school benefactor *

Louisa Martindale Louisa Martindale, (30 October 1872 – 5 February 1966) was an English physician, surgeon, and writer. She also served as magistrate on the Brighton bench, was a prison commissioner and a member of the National Council of Women. She served ...

(1872–1966), British surgeon *

Helen Mayo Helen Mary Mayo, (1 October 1878 – 13 November 1967) was an Australian medical doctor and medical educator, born and raised in Adelaide. In 1896, she enrolled at the University of Adelaide, where she studied medicine. After graduating, May ...

(1878–1967), Australian doctor and pioneer in preventing infant mortality *

Frances Gertrude McGill Frances Gertrude McGill (November 18, 1882 – January 21, 1959) was a Canadian forensic pathologist, criminologist, bacteriologist, allergologist and allergist. Nicknamed "the Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and pu ...

(1882–1959), Canadian forensic pathologist * Eleanor Montague (1926–2018), American radiologist and radiotherapist * Anne B. Newman (born 1955), US Geriatrics & Gerontology expert * Antonia Novello (born 1944), Puerto Rican physician and Surgeon General of the United States * Dorothea Orem (1914–2007), Nursing theorist * Ida Ørskov (1922–2007), Danish bacteriologist * May Owen (1892–1988), Texas pathologist, discovered talcum powder used on surgical gloves caused infection and peritoneal scarring * Angeliki Panajiotatou (1875–1954), Greek physician and microbiologist * Kathleen I. Pritchard (born 1956), Canadian oncologist, breast cancer researcher and noted as one of Reuter's most cited scientists * Frieda Robscheit-Robbins (1888–1973), German-American pathologist * Ora Mendelsohn Rosen (1935–1990), American medical researcher * Una Ryan (born 1941), Malaysian born-American, heart disease researcher, biotech vaccine and diagnostics maker/marketer * Una M. Ryan (born 1966), patented DNA test identifying the protozoan parasite ''Cryptosporidium'' * Velma Scantlebury (born 1955), first woman of African descent to become a transplant surgeon in the U.S. * Lise Thiry (born 1921), Belgian virologist, senator * Helen Rodríguez Trías (1929–2001), Puerto Rican American pediatrician and advocate for women's reproductive rights * Stina Stenhagen (1916–1973), Swedish biochemist * Marie Stopes (1880–-1958), British paleobotanist and pioneer in birth control * Elizabeth M. Ward, American epidemiologist and head of the Epidemiology and Surveillance Research Department of the American Cancer Society * Elsie Widdowson (1908–2000), British nutritionist * Fiona Wood (born 1958), British-Australian plastic surgeon

Meteorology

*Rely Zlatarovic (''Floruit, fl.'' 1920), Austrian-trained meteorologist *Nadia Zyncenko (1948–), Argentine meteorologist

Paleoanthropology

(1913–1996), British paleoanthropologist *Suzanne LeClercq (1901–1994), Belgian paleobotanist and paleontologist *Betty Kellett Nadeau (1906–?), American paleontologist

Physics

* Faye Ajzenberg-Selove (1926–2012), American nuclear physicist, winner of the 2007 US National Medal of Science *Giuseppina Aliverti (1894–1982), Italian Geophysics, geophysicist * Betsy Ancker-Johnson (1927–2020), American plasma physicist * Alice Armstrong, American physicist *Marion Asche (1935–2013), German physicist and researcher of solid state physics * Sonja Ashauer (1923–1948), first Brazilian woman to earn a doctorate in physics * Milla Baldo-Ceolin (1924–2011), Italian particle physicist * Marietta Blau (1894–1970), German experimental particle physicist * Lili Bleeker (1897–1985), Dutch physicist * Márcia Barbosa, Brazilian physicist * Katharine Blodgett (1898–1979), American thin-film physicist * Christiane Bonnelle (–2016), French spectroscopist * Tatiana Birshtein (born 1928), molecular scientist specializing in the physics of polymers * Margrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish physicist (active in Argentina from 1909) * Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (1909–1997), Lithuanian-American physicist * Harriet Brooks (1876–1933), Canadian radiation physicist * A. Catrina Bryce (born 1956), Scottish laser scientist * Nina Byers (1930–2014), American physicist * Yvette Cauchois (1908–1999), French physicist * Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (born 1923), French theoretical physicist * Kwang Hwa Chung (born 1948), Korean physicist *Hilda Cid, Hilda Cid Araneda (20 February 1933), Chilean biophysicist who excelled in the field of crystallography * Patricia Cladis (1937–2017), Canadian/American physicist * Esther Conwell (1922–2014), American physicist, semiconductors * Jane Dewey (1900–1979), American physicist * Cécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–2017), French mathematician and physicist * Louise Dolan (born 1950), American mathematical physicist, theoretical particle physics and superstring theory * Nancy M. Dowdy (born 1938), American nuclear physicist, arms control * Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017), American physicist, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics * Helen T. Edwards (1936–2016), American physicist, Tevatron * Magda Ericson (born 1929), French nuclear physicist * Edith Farkas (1921–1993), Hungarian-born New Zealand meteorologist who measured ozone levels *

(1927–2020), American physicist * Ursula Franklin (1921–2016), Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator * Judy Franz (born 1938), American physicist and educator * Joan Maie Freeman (1918–1998), Australian physicist * Phyllis S. Freier (1921–1992), American astrophysicist * Mary K. Gaillard (born 1939), American theoretical physicist * Fanny Gates (1872–1931), American physicist * Claire F. Gmachl (born 1967), American physicist * Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972), German-American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 * Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber (1911–1998), American nuclear physicist * Sulamith Goldhaber (1923–1965), American high-energy physicist and molecular spectroscopist * Gail Hanson (born 1947), American high-energy physicist * Margrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish/Argentine physicist * Evans Hayward (1922–2020), American physicist * Caroline Herzenberg (born 1932), American physicist * Hanna von Hoerner (1942–2014), German astrophysicist * Helen Schaeffer Huff (1883-1913), American physicist * Shirley Jackson (physicist), Shirley Jackson (born 1946), American nuclear physicist, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT * Bertha Swirles Jeffreys (1903–1999), British physicist * Lorella M. Jones (1943–1995), American particle physicis

* Carole Jordan (born 1941), British solar physicist * Renata Kallosh (born 1943), Russian/American theoretical physicist * Berta Karlik (1904–1990), Austrian physicist * Bruria Kaufman (1918–2010), American theoretical physicist * Elizaveta Karamihailova (1897–1968), Bulgarian nuclear physicist * Marcia Keith (1859–1950), American physicist * Ann Kiessling (born 1942), American physicist * Margaret G. Kivelson (born 1928), American space physicist and planetary scientist * Noemie Benczer Koller (born 1933) * Ninni Kronberg (1874–1946), Swedish physiologist in nutrition * Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf (1922–2010) * Elizabeth Laird (physicist) (1874–1969) * Juliet Lee-Franzini (1933–2014), American particle physicist *

(1888–1993), Danish seismologist and geophysicist *

(1903–1971), Irish X-ray crystallography, crystallographer *Barbara Kegerreis Lunde (born 1937), American physicist * Margaret Eliza Maltby (1860–1944), American physicist * Mileva Maric (1875–1948), Serbian physicist, first wife of Albert Einstein * Nina Marković, Croatian physicist and professor * Helen Megaw (1907–2002), Irish X-ray crystallography, crystallographer * Lise Meitner (1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinium, and the Auger effect) * Kirstine Meyer (1861–1941) * Luise Meyer-Schutzmeister (1915–1981) * Anna Nagurney Canadian-born, US operations researcher/management scientist focusing on networks * Chiara Nappi, Italian American physicist * Ann Nelson (1958–2019), American physicist * Marcia Neugebauer (born 1932), American geophysicist * Gertrude Neumark (1927–2010) * Ida Tacke Noddack (1896–1979) Noether

* Emmy Noether (1882–1935), German mathematician and theoretical physicist (symmetries and conservation laws) * Marguerite Perey (1909–1975) * Melba Phillips (1907–2004) * Agnes Pockels (1862–1935) * Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999), Russian physicist * Edith Quimby (1891–1982) * Helen Quinn (born 1943), American particle physicist * Lisa Randall (born 1962), American physicist * Myriam Sarachik (1933–2021), American physicist * Bice Sechi-Zorn (1928–1984), Italian/American nuclear physicist *Anneke Levelt Sengers (born 1929), Dutch physicist specializing in the critical states of fluids * Hertha Sponer (1895–1968), German/American physicist and chemist * Isabelle Stone (1868–1944), American thin-film physicist and educator * Edith Anne Stoney (1869–1938), Anglo-Irish medical physicist * Nina Vedeneyeva (1882–1955), Russian geological physicist * Afërdita Veveçka Priftaj (1948–2017), Albanian physicist * Katharine Way (1903–1995), American nuclear physicist *Mariana Weissmann (born 1933), Argentine physicist, computational physics of condensed matter * Lucy Wilson (1888–1980), American physicist, working on optics and perception * Leona Woods (1919–1986), American nuclear physicist * Chien-Shiung Wu (1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, [non-]conservation of parity) * Sau Lan Wu, Chinese-American particle physicist * Xide Xie (Hsi-teh Hsieh) (1921–2000), Chinese physicist * Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011), American medical physicist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 for radioimmunoassay) *Fumiko Yonezawa (1938–2019), Japanese theoretical physicist * Toshiko Yuasa (1909–1980), Japanese nuclear physicist

Psychology

* Mary Ainsworth (1913–1999), American-Canadian developmental psychologist, inventor of the "Strange Situation" procedure * Martha E. Bernal (1931–2001), Mexican-American clinical psychologist, first Latina to receive a psychology PhD in the United States * Nise da Silveira (1905–1999), Brazilian psychiatrist and mental health reformer * Lera Boroditsky, American psychologist * Ludmilla A.Chistovich (1924–2006), Russian speech scientist * Mamie Clark (1917–1983), African-American psychologist active in the civil rights movement * Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959), important early figure in U.S. Psychosomatic illness, psychosomatic medicine *Tsuruko Haraguchi (1886–1915), Japanese psychologist * Margaret Kennard (1899–1975), pioneering researcher on age effects on brain damage, which produced early evidence for neuroplasticity * Varia Kipiani (1879-1950/1965), pioneering Georgian (country) psychophysiologist who studied fatigue and child development *Grace Manson (1893–1967), occupational psychologist * Rosalie Rayner (1898–1935), American psychology researcher * Marianne Simmel (1923–2010), American psychologist, made important contributions in research on social perception and phantom limb * Davida Teller (1938–2011), American psychologist, known for work on development of the visual system in infants *Nora Volkow (born 1956), Mexican-American psychiatrist, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) * Margo Wilson (1945–2009), Canadian evolutionary psychologist * Catherine G. Wolf (1947–2018), American psychologist and expert in human-computer interaction

Notes

References

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External links

Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics
{{Portal bar, Science, Biology, Geology, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy 20th-century women scientists, . Lists of women scientists, 20 Lists of 20th-century people, Scientists,Female