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Ida Noddack
Ida Noddack (25 February 1896 – 24 September 1978), ''née'' Tacke, was a German chemist and physicist. In 1934 she was the first to mention the idea later named nuclear fission. With her husband - Walter Noddack - and Otto Berg she discovered element 75, rhenium. She was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Background Ida Tacke was born in Lackhausen (nowadays a part of the city of Wesel) in the northern rhine region in 1896. She described how she picked her path of study by stating, "since I did not want to be a teacher at all, and research and industry employed proportionally fewer physicists at that time, I decided to become a chemist– a decision that was welcomed by my father who owned a small varnish factory in the Lower Rhine region." She chose to attend the Technical University of Berlin because she was drawn to its long and demanding programs. She entered the school in 1915, six years after women were allowed to study in all of Berlin's universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Chemistry
''Education in Chemistry'' (often referred to by its brand 'EiC') is a print and online magazine covering all areas of chemistry education, mainly concentrating on the teaching of chemistry in secondary schools and university, universities. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, which also publishes ''Chemistry Education Research and Practice'', a peer-reviewed academic journal on the same topic. History The feasibility of a "British Journal of Chemistry Education" was first discussed by the Royal Society of Chemistry in late 1962 (a similar journal, the ''Journal of Chemical Education'' had been in existence in the USA since 1924). Its launch was secured by the lobbying of Professor Ronald Sydney Nyholm, Ronald S. Nyholm who became the first Chair of the editorial board. The magazine was launched in 1963 under the editor Dr F. W. Gibbs with the first issue published in January 1964. Gibbs' first editorial, "Scientists and Teachers", set out the aims of the publicatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liebig Medal
The Liebig Medal (German: ''Liebig-Denkmünze'') was established by the (''Verein Deutscher Chemiker'') in 1903 to celebrate the centenary of Justus von Liebig. Since 1946 it has been awarded by the Society of German Chemists (''Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker'', GDCh). Recipients SourceGesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) * 1903 Adolf von Baeyer, Munich * 1904 Rudolf Knietsch, Ludwigshafen * 1905 Eduard Buchner, Würzburg * 1907 Adolph Frank, Berlin * 1908 Otto Schönherr, Dresden * 1909 Otto Schott, Jena * 1911 Paul Ehrlich, Frankfurt am Main * 1912 Carl Dietrich Harries, Berlin * 1913 Emil Ehrensberger, Traunstein * 1914 Fritz Haber, Berlin * 1919 Carl Bosch, Ludwigshafen * 1921 Max Planck, Berlin * 1922 Wilhelm Normann, Chemnitz * 1924 Max Schroeder, Berlin * 1925 Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann, Göttingen * 1926 Robert-Emanuel Schmidt, Wuppertal-Elberfeld * 1927 Fritz Raschig, Ludwigshafen * 1928 Friedrich Bergius, Heidelberg * 1929 Hans Fischer, Münch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AEG Turbine Factory
The AEG turbine factory was built in 1909, at Huttenstraße 12–16 in the Moabit district of Berlin. It is the best-known work of architect Peter Behrens. The 100m long steel framed building with 15m tall glass windows on either side is considered the first attempt to introduce restrained modern design to industrial architecture. It was a bold move, and world first that would have a durable impact on architecture as a whole. Origin Since 1892, the site was occupied by the Union-Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (UEG), which was an electrical company founded by August Thyssen and the Thomson Houston Electric Company. The company's goal was to enter the booming electrical industry, and this site was dedicated to the production of electric trams. The UEG quickly encountered financial difficulties, and the'' Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft'' (AEG) took over in 1904 and planned the construction of a new turbine factory, as the existing factory had become too small. Architect Pete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid Anhydride
An acid anhydride is a type of chemical compound derived by the removal of water molecules from an acid. In organic chemistry, organic acid anhydrides contain the functional group R(CO)O(CO)R'. Organic acid anhydrides often form when one equivalent of water is removed from two equivalents of an organic acid in a dehydration reaction. In inorganic chemistry, an acid anhydride refers to an acidic oxide, an oxide that reacts with water to form an oxyacid (an inorganic acid that contains oxygen or carbonic acid), or with a base to form a salt. Nomenclature The nomenclature of organic acid anhydrides is derived from the names of the constituent carboxylic acids which underwent dehydration to form the compound. In symmetrical acid anhydrides, where only one constituent carboxylic acid was used to form the compound (such as the dehydration of propanoic acid, 2CH3CH2COOH → CH3CH2C(O)OC(O)CH2CH3 + H2O), only the prefix of the original carboxylic acid is used and the suffix "anhydride" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsaturati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliphatic
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons ( compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. ''aleiphar'', fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic. Structure Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound. The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4). Properties Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in Buns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Due to its l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Rhine Region
The Lower Rhine region or Niederrhein is a region around the Lower Rhine section of the river Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany between approximately Oberhausen and Krefeld in the East and the Dutch border around Kleve in the West. As the region can be defined either geographically, linguistically, culturally, or by political, economic and traffic relations throughout the centuries, as well as by more recent political subdivisions, its precise borders are disputable and occasionally may be seen as extending beyond the Dutch border. Yet, while the Dutch half of the Lower Rhine geographic area is called Nederrijn in Dutch, it is a separate territory from the adjoining German Niederrhein region, despite both names being a translation of the other. A cultural bond of the German Lower Rhine region is its Low Franconian language, specifically the Cleverlander dialect (Dutch: ''Kleverlands'', German: ''Kleverländisch''), which is closely related to the Dutch dialects of Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wesel
Wesel () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel district. Geography Wesel is situated at the confluence of the Lippe River and the Rhine. Division of the city Suburbs of Wesel include Lackhausen, Obrighoven, Ginderich, Feldmark, Fusternberg, Büderich, Flüren and Blumenkamp. History Origin The city originated from a Franconian manor that was first recorded in the 8th century. In the 12th century, the Duke of Clèves took possession of Wesel. The city became a member of the Hanseatic League during the 15th century. Wesel was second only to Cologne in the lower Rhine region as an entrepôt. It was an important commercial centre: a clearing station for the transshipment and trading of goods. Early modern In 1590 the Spanish captured Wesel after a four-year siege. The city changed hands between the Dutch and Spanish several times during the Eighty Years War. In 1672 a French force under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé captured the ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize In Chemistry
) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "MDCCCXXXIII" above, followed by (smaller) "OB•" then "MDCCCXCVI" below. , awarded_for = Outstanding contributions in chemistry , presenter = Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , location = Stockholm, Sweden , reward = 9 million SEK (2017) , year = 1901 , holder = Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless (2022) , most_awards = Frederick Sanger and Karl Barry Sharpless (2) , website nobelprize.org, previous = 2021 , year2=2022, main=2022, next=2023 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-gray, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. Rhenium has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any stable element at 5869 K. Rhenium resembles manganese and technetium chemically and is mainly obtained as a by-product of the extraction and refinement of molybdenum and copper ores. Rhenium shows in its compounds a wide variety of oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7. Discovered by Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke and Otto Berg in 1925, rhenium was the last stable element to be discovered. It was named after the river Rhine in Europe, from which the earliest samples had been obtained and worked commercially. Nickel-based superalloys of rhenium are used in combustion chambers, turbine blades, and exhaust nozzles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Berg (scientist)
Otto Berg (23 November 1873 – 1939) was a German scientist. He is one of the scientists credited with discovering rhenium, the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope. Rhenium In 1925 in Germany, Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite. In 1928 they were able to extract 1 gram of the element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite. In 2020 a memorial medal of the discovery was issued by ISTR (art-designer: Igor Petrov), the https://www.pinterest.ru/pin/747879081861611384/. Technetium The same team was also involved in the discovery of technetium. They reported the discovery of element 75 and element 43 in 1925 and named element 43 masurium (after Masuria in eastern Prussia, now in Poland, the region where Walter Noddack's family originated).''Elentymolgy and Elements Multidict'', "Technetium" The group bombarded co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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