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Maria Carmelo Lico
Maria Carmela Lico or Licco (1927–1985) spent most of her research life as a physiologist studying the neural mechanisms of pain at the Department of Physiology of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (Brazil). Lico produced important insights on the descending control of nociception by limbic structures, specially the septal nuclei. Biography Maria Carmela Lico was born in Italy in 1927, but soon moved with her family to Argentina. During her childhood in Italy, Lico fell ill with an infectious disease that would later "weaken her immune system" and impact her ability to stand the effects of chemotherapy, leading to her death in 1985. In Argentina, Lico studied medicine and philosophy, simultaneously, at the University of Buenos Aires; however, Lico was unable to finish the latter course. Fascinated with the workings of the mind, Lico entertained the idea of following psychiatry as a field of practice during medical school, an idea that was abandoned after 2 years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physiology
Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system. According to the classes of organisms, the field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology. Central to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells. ''Physiological state'' is the condition of normal function. In contrast, ''pathological state'' refers to abnormal conditions, including human diseases. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to the field of medicine. Foundations Cells Although there are differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telemetry
Telemetry is the in situ data collection, collection of measurements or other data at remote points and their automatic data transmission, transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word is derived from the Greek language, Greek roots ''tele'', "remote", and ''metron'', "measure". Systems that need external instructions and data to operate require the counterpart of telemetry, telecommand. Although the term commonly refers to wireless data transfer mechanisms (e.g., using radio, ultrasonic, or Infrared#Communications, infrared systems), it also encompasses data transferred over other media such as a telephone or computer network, optical link or other wired communications like power line carriers. Many modern telemetry systems take advantage of the low cost and ubiquity of GSM networks by using SMS to receive and transmit telemetry data. A ''telemeter'' is a physical device used in telemetry. It consists of a sensor, a transmission path, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science (journal)
''Science'', also widely referred to as ''Science Magazine'', is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals. It was first published in 1880, is currently circulated weekly and has a subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is over 400,000 people. ''Science'' is based in Washington, D.C., United States, with a second office in Cambridge, UK. Contents The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but ''Science'' also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, ''Science'' and its rival ''Nature (journal), Nature'' c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periaqueductal Gray
The periaqueductal gray (PAG, also known as the central gray) is a brain region that plays a critical role in autonomic function, motivated behavior and behavioural responses to threatening stimuli. PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain. The periaqueductal gray is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It projects to the nucleus raphe magnus, and also contains descending autonomic tracts. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract (so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the PAG, in the mesencephalon or midbrain). This region has been used as the target for brain-stimulating implants in patients with chronic pain. Role in analgesia Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain activates enkephalin-releasing ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulp (tooth)
The pulp is the connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and odontoblasts that comprise the innermost layer of a tooth. The pulp's activity and signalling processes regulate its behaviour. Anatomy The pulp is the neurovascular bundle central to each tooth, permanent or primary. It is composed of a central pulp chamber, pulp horns, and radicular canals. The large mass of the pulp is contained within the pulp chamber, which is contained in and mimics the overall shape of the crown of the tooth.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 164. Because of the continuous deposition of the dentine, the pulp chamber becomes smaller with the age. This is not uniform throughout the coronal pulp but progresses faster on the floor than on the roof or sidewalls. Radicular pulp canals extend down from the cervical region of the crown to the root apex. They are not always straight but vary in shape, size, and number. They are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noxious Stimulus
A noxious stimulus is a stimulus strong enough to threaten the body’s integrity (i.e. cause damage to tissue). Noxious stimulation induces peripheral afferents responsible for transducing pain (including A-delta and C- nerve fibers, as well as free nerve endings), throughout the nervous system of an organism. The ability to perceive noxious stimuli is a prerequisite for nociception, which itself is a prerequisite for nociceptive pain. A noxious stimulus has been seen to drives nocifensive behavioral responses, which are responses to noxious or painful stimuli. These include reflexive, escape behaviors, to avoid harm to an organism's body. Because of rare genetic conditions that inhibit the ability to perceive physical pain, such acongenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis (CIPA) noxious stimulation does not invariably lead to tissue damage. Noxious stimuli can either be mechanical (e.g. pinching or other tissue deformation), chemical (e.g. exposure to acid or irritan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guinea Pigs
The guinea pig or domestic guinea pig (''Cavia porcellus''), also known as the cavy or domestic cavy (), is a species of rodent belonging to the genus ''Cavia'' in the family Caviidae. Breeders tend to use the word ''cavy'' to describe the animal, while in scientific and laboratory contexts, it is far more commonly referred to by the common name ''guinea pig''. Despite their common name, guinea pigs are not native to Guinea, nor are they closely related biologically to pigs, and the origin of the name is still unclear. They originated in the Andes of South America. Studies based on biochemistry and hybridization suggest they are domesticated animals that do not exist naturally in the wild, descendants of a closely related cavy species such as '' C. tschudii''. They were originally domesticated as livestock for a source of meat, and are still consumed in some parts of the world. In Western society, the guinea pig has enjoyed widespread popularity as a pet since its introduction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julio Cortázar
Julio Florencio Cortázar (26 August 1914 – 12 February 1984; ) was an Argentine, nationalized French novelist, short story writer, essayist, and translator. Known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, Cortázar influenced an entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America and Europe. He is considered one of the most innovative and original authors of his time, a master of history, poetic prose and short story in general and a creator of important novels that inaugurated a new way of making literature in the Hispanic world by breaking the classical moulds through narratives that escaped temporal linearity. He lived his childhood and adolescence and incipient maturity in Argentina and, after the 1950s, in Europe. He lived in Italy, Spain, and in Switzerland. In 1951, he settled in France for more than three decades and composed some of his works there. Early life Julio Cortázar was born on 26 August 1914, in Ixelles,Cortázar sin barba, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anette Hoffmann
Anette Hoffmann (born 5 May 1971) is a former Danish team handball player, two times Olympic champion and a World champion. She won a gold medal with the Danish national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta."1996 Summer Olympics – Atlanta, United States – Handball" – ''databaseOlympics.com'' (Retrieved on February 25, 2008) Four years later she won a gold medal with the Danish national team at the in Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital ...
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Ricardo Francisco Marseillan
Ricardo is the Spanish and Portuguese cognate of the name Richard. It derived from Proto-Germanic ''*rīks'' 'king, ruler' + ''*harduz'' 'hard, brave'. It may be a given name, or a surname. People Given name * Ricardo de Araújo Pereira, Portuguese comedian * Ricardo Arjona, Guatemalan singer * Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist * Ricardo Ávila, Panamanian footballer *Ricardo Bralo, Argentine long-distance runner *Ricardo Bueno Fernández, Spanish politician * Ricardo Busquets, Puerto Rican swimmer *Ricardo Cardeno, Colombian triathlete * Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer *Ricardo Cortez, American actor * Ricardo Darín, Argentine actor *Ricardo (footballer, born 1980), full name Ricardo da Silva, Cape Verdean-Portuguese footballer * Ricardo Faty, Senegalese footballer *Ricardo Fischer, Brazilian basketball player *Ricardo Fortaleza, Filipino-Australian boxer *Ricardo Fuller, Jamaican football (soccer) player * Ricardo A. "Rick" Galindo, American politician * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venâncio Pereira Leite
Venancio (Spanish or Tagalog), Venâncio (Portuguese), Venanzio (Italian) or Venantius (Latin) is a masculine given name. Venâncio is also a Portuguese surname. It may refer to Given name ;Venancio * Venancio Concepción, Filipino army general *Venancio Costa (born 1967), Spanish volleyball player *Venancio García (1921–1994), Spanish footballer * Venancio Flores (1808–1868), Uruguayan political leader and general *Venancio José (born 1976), Spanish sprinter * Venancio Antonio Morin (1843–1919), Venezuelan military officer and politician * Venancio Ramos (born 1959), football striker from Uruguay *Venancio Roberto, 19th century governor of Guam *Venancio Serrano, Filipino military officer * Venancio Shinki (1932–2016), Peruvian painter ;Venanzio *Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia (1729–1814), Italian architect *Venanzio da Camerino, 16th century Italian painter * Venanzio Ortis (born 1955), Italian long-distance runner * Venanzio Rauzzini (1746–1810), Italian composer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that studies nervous system function rather than nervous system architecture. This area aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases. Historically, it has been dominated by electrophysiology—the electrical recording of neural activity ranging from the molar (the electroencephalogram, EEG) to the cellular (intracellular recording of the properties of single neurons), such as patch clamp, voltage clamp, extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials. However, since the neurone is an electrochemical machine, it is difficult to isolate electrical events from the metabolic and molecular processes that cause them. Thus, neurophysiologists currently utilise tools from chemistry (calcium imaging), physics (functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI), and molecular biology (site directed mutations) to examine brain activity. The word originates f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
