Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a major city in
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
located in the
Central Province. It was the last capital of the ancient kings' era of Sri Lanka. The city lies in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau, which crosses an area of tropical plantations, mainly tea. Kandy is both an administrative and religious city and is also the capital of the Central Province. Kandy is the home of the
Temple of the Tooth
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic or Sri Dalada Maligawa, ( si, ශ්රී දළදා මාළිගාව) is a Buddhist temple in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which ho ...
Relic (''
Sri Dalada Maligawa
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic or Sri Dalada Maligawa, ( si, ශ්රී දළදා මාළිගාව) is a Buddhist temple in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which h ...
''), one of the most sacred places of worship in the Buddhist world. It was declared a world heritage site by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
in 1988. Historically the local
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
rulers resisted Portuguese,
Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Etymology
The city and the region have been known by many different names and versions of those names. Some scholars suggest that the original name of Kandy was Katubulu Nuwara located near the present
Watapuluwa
Watapuluwa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya D ...
. However, the more popular historical name is Senkadagala or Senkadagalapura, officially Senkadagala Siriwardhana Maha Nuwara (meaning 'great city of Senkadagala of growing resplendence'), generally shortened to 'Maha Nuwara'. According to folklore, this name originated from one of the several possible sources. One being the city was named after a
brahmin
Brahmin (; sa, ब्राह्मण, brāhmaṇa) is a varna as well as a caste within Hindu society. The Brahmins are designated as the priestly class as they serve as priests (purohit, pandit, or pujari) and religious teachers (guru ...
with the name Senkanda who lived in a cave nearby, and another being a queen of
Vikramabahu III was named Senkanda, and after a coloured stone named Senkadagala. The
Kingdom of Kandy
The Kingdom of Kandy was a monarchy on the Sri Lanka, island of Sri Lanka, located in the central and eastern portion of the island. It was founded in the late 15th century and endured until the early 19th century.
Initially a client kingdom ...
has also been known by various names. The English name Kandy, which originated during the colonial era, is derived from an anglicised version of the
Sinhala Kanda Uda Rata (meaning the land on the mountain) or Kanda Uda Pas Rata (the five counties/countries on the mountain). The Portuguese shortened this to "Candea", using the name for both the kingdom and its capital. In Sinhala, Kandy is called ''Maha Nuwara'', meaning "Great City" or "The Capital", although this is most often shortened to ''Nuwara''.
History
Founding
Historical records suggest that Kandy was first established by the
Vikramabahu III (1357–1374 AD), who was the monarch of the
Kingdom of Gampola, north of the present city, and named ''Senkadagalapura'' at the time.
Kandyan Kingdom
Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu (1473–1511) was the first king of the
Kingdom of Kandy
The Kingdom of Kandy was a monarchy on the Sri Lanka, island of Sri Lanka, located in the central and eastern portion of the island. It was founded in the late 15th century and endured until the early 19th century.
Initially a client kingdom ...
. He was a royal from the Kotte Royal Bloodline and ruled Kandy as a semi-independent kingdom under the
Kingdom of Kotte
The Kingdom of Kotte ( si, කෝට්ටේ රාජධානිය, Kottay Rajadhaniya), named after its capital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Kotte, was a Sinhala kingdom, Sinhalese kingdom that flourished in Sri Lanka during the 15th cent ...
, making it the new capital of the Kandyan Kingdom. Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu was followed by his son
Jayaweera Astana (1511–1551) and then by
Karaliyadde Bandara
Karalliyadde Banḍāra was King of Kandy, who ruled from 1552 to 1582. During his reign Banḍāra publicly embraced Catholicism, brought to the island by the Portuguese. He and his infant daughter princess Kusumāsana Devi fled the kingdom with ...
(1551–1581) who was succeeded by his daughter
Dona Catherina of Kandy (1581–1581). Dona Catherina was succeeded by
Rajasinha I. Rajasinha I, however, preferred to rule the hill country from the
Kingdom of Sitawaka on the west of the island. A period of turmoil for power ended with the ascent to the throne by Konappu Bandara who came to be known as
Vimaladharmasuriya I. Having embraced Buddhism, he consolidated his authority further by bringing the
tooth relic of the Buddha
The relic of the tooth of Buddha (Pali ''danta dhātuya'') is venerated in Sri Lanka as a sacred cetiya Śarīra, relic of Lord Buddha, who is the founder of Buddhism, the fourth largest religion worldwide.
History The relic in India
According to ...
to Kandy from a place called Delgamuwa.
In 1592 Kandy became the capital city of the last remaining independent kingdom in the island after the coastal regions had been conquered by the
Portuguese. Several invasions by the Portuguese were repelled, most notably in the
campaign of Danture
The Danture campaign comprised a series of encounters between the Portuguese and the Kingdom of Kandy in 1594, part of the Sinhalese–Portuguese War. It is considered a turning point in the indigenous resistance to Portuguese expansion. For t ...
. After the
Sinhalese–Portuguese War and the establishment of
Dutch Ceylon
Dutch Ceylon ( Sinhala: Tamil: ) was a governorate established in present-day Sri Lanka by the Dutch East India Company. Although the Dutch managed to capture most of the coastal areas in Sri Lanka, they were never able to control the Kandyan ...
, attempts by the
Dutch to conquer the kingdom were repelled.
The kingdom tolerated a Dutch presence on the coast of Sri Lanka, although attacks were occasionally launched. The most ambitious offensive was undertaken in 1761, when King
Kirti Sri Rajasinha
Kirti Sri Rajasinha ( Sinhala: කීර්ති ශ්රී රාජසිංහ, Tamil: கீர்த்தி ஸ்ரீ ராஜசிங்கம்; 11 August 1747 – 2 January 1782) was the second Nayaka king of Kandy. He was ...
attacked and overran most of the coast, leaving only the heavily fortified
Negombo intact. When a Dutch retaliatory force returned to the island in 1763, Kirti Sri Rajasinha abandoned the coastline and withdrew into the interior. When the Dutch continued to the jungles the next year, they were constantly harassed by disease, heat, lack of provisions, and Kandyan sharpshooters, who hid in the jungle and inflicted heavy losses on the Dutch.
The Dutch launched a better-adapted force in January 1765, replacing their troops' bayonets with machetes and using more practical uniforms and tactics suited to jungle warfare. The Dutch were initially successful in capturing the capital, which was deserted, and the Kandyans withdrew to the jungles once more, refusing to engage in open battle. However, the Dutch were again worn down by constant attrition.
A peace treaty was signed in 1766. The Dutch remained in control of the coastal areas until 1796, when Great Britain took them over (while the Netherlands was under French control) due to the
Kew letters
The Kew Letters (also known as the Circular Note of Kew) were a number of letters, written by stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange between 30 January and 8 February 1795 from the "Dutch House" at Kew Palace, where he temporarily stayed after hi ...
during the
Napoleonic wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
. British possession of these areas was formalized with the
treaty of Amiens
The Treaty of Amiens (french: la paix d'Amiens, ) temporarily ended hostilities between France and the United Kingdom at the end of the War of the Second Coalition
The War of the Second Coalition (1798/9 – 1801/2, depending on perio ...
in 1802. The next year the British also invaded Kandy in what became known as the First Kandyan War but were repulsed.
As the capital, Kandy had become home to the
relic of the tooth of the Buddha which symbolizes a 4th-century tradition that used to be linked to the
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
monarchy, since the protector of the relic was the ruler of the land. Thus the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth were placed in close proximity to each other.
The last ruling dynasty of Kandy was the
Nayaks. Kandy stayed independent until the early 19th century.
![Kandyan Convention](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Kandyan_Convention.jpg)
In the
Second Kandyan War
The Kandyan Wars (or the Kandian Wars) refers generally to the period of warfare between the British colonial forces and the Kingdom of Kandy, on the island of what is now Sri Lanka, between 1796 and 1818. More specifically it is used to descr ...
, the British launched an invasion that met no resistance and reached the city on 10 February 1815. The first time Sri Lanka fully fell into the hands of a foreign power was in Kandy with the signing of the
Kandyan Convention
The Kandyan Convention ( Sinhala: උඩරට ගිවිසුම ''Udarata Giwisuma'') was a treaty signed on 2 March 1815 between the British Governor of Ceylon Sir Robert Brownrigg and the chiefs of the Kandyan Kingdom, British Ceylon (no ...
in 1815 at the
Sri Dalada Maligawa
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic or Sri Dalada Maligawa, ( si, ශ්රී දළදා මාළිගාව) is a Buddhist temple in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which h ...
. The king,
Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy who was of
South Indian ancestry faced powerful opposition from the
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
chieftains and sought to reduce his power. A successful coup was organized by the Sinhalese chieftains in which they accepted the British crown as their new king. This ended over 2500 years of
Sinhalese monarchs and the line of
Kandyan monarchs and Rajasinha was taken as prisoner. By 2 March 1815 the island's sovereignty was under that of the
British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
. A treaty known as the
Kandyan Convention
The Kandyan Convention ( Sinhala: උඩරට ගිවිසුම ''Udarata Giwisuma'') was a treaty signed on 2 March 1815 between the British Governor of Ceylon Sir Robert Brownrigg and the chiefs of the Kandyan Kingdom, British Ceylon (no ...
was signed between the British and the
Radalas (Kandyan aristocrats). The treaty was not signed by the deposed King but by members of his court and other dignitaries of the Kandyan Kingdom. With this treaty, Kandy recognized George III as its King and became a British protectorate. The last king of the kingdom
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha ( Sinhala:ශ්රී වික්රම රාජසිංහ, Tamil:ஸ்ரீ விக்கிரம ராஜசிங்க; 1780 – January 30, 1832, born Kannasamy Nayaka) was the last of four Kings to rule ...
was captured and taken as a royal prisoner by the British to
Vellore Fort in southern India along with all claimants to the throne. Some of the family members were also exiled to
Tanjore
Thanjavur (), also Tanjore, Pletcher 2010, p. 195 is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is the 11th biggest city in Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Gr ...
(now known as Thanjavur, in Tamil Nadu). Their erstwhile living place is still referred to as "Kandy Raja Aranmanai" on the eastern part of Thanjavur town on Old Mariamman Koil Road.
Colonial era
During the
British period
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
in Sri Lanka, the history of Kandy and its townscape witnessed a rapid and drastic change and particularly after the
Uva Rebellion. Sir Lowry is noted for recording in his Gazetteer "The story of English rule in the Kandyan country during the rebellion of 1818 cannot be related without shame...Hardly a member of the leading families remained alive...Those whom the sword and the gun had spared,
cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and ...
and
small pox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) cer ...
and privations had slain by the hundreds...Others became ignorant and apathetic. Any subsequent development efforts of the government for many years were only attempts begun and abandoned".
In 1848 led by
Gongalegoda Banda and
Puran Appu saw the rebellion known as the
Matale Rebellion. Prior to that the city and the country had been under British rule for 32 years, during which the British had expropriated the common land of the peasantry and reduced them to extreme poverty. The Kandyan villagers were forced to abandon their traditional way of life and become wage-workers in the abominable conditions that prevailed on these new estates and plantations that had been introduced. Despite all the pressure exerted by the colonials, the Kandyans refused. This forced the British to bring in hundreds of thousands of
Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
* Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia
** Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils
**Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia
* Tamil language, nati ...
coolies from southern India.
The rebellion began on 26 July 1848 with Gongalegoda Banda, crowned as king, and Puran Appu, as prime minister, and their main objective was to capture Kandy back from the British. The Matale Rebellion was a peasant revolt in the hands of the
Common people, the Kandyan leadership being totally wiped out after the
Uva Rebellion, marked the first step in a transition from the classic
feudal
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a wa ...
form of anti-colonial revolt to modern independence struggles. The leadership was for the first time passed from the Kandyan provinces into the hands of ordinary people or non-aristocrats.
![Map of Kandy and environs (Baedeker, 1914)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Map_of_Kandy_and_environs_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg)
In 1944, during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the
South East Asia Command of the allies was moved to Kandy, where it remained until the end of the war.
Contemporary Kandy
It is the second-largest city of the island and the capital of the Central Province of modern Sri Lanka. Its geographic location has made it a major transportation hub in the island: while Kandy being the gateway to the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka, the city can be reached by major motorways in every direction of the island. The railway line from Colombo, the seaport on the western coast runs via Kandy to the farthest point of Badulla in the Central Highlands. The main roads Colombo-Kandy and Kandy-Nuwara Eliya are two of the most scenic roads of Sri Lanka; Colombo-Kandy road passes through the rubber, tea plantations and rice paddies, Kandy-Nuwara Eliya road cuts through paddy fields and seamless tea plantations. Both roads claw their way up winding, rounding over the rings of hills. Currently, feasibility studies are afoot for another highway between Colombo and Kandy via Kadawata and the scenic city of Katugastota.
Geography and climate
Topography
Kandy is located in the mountainous and thickly forested interior of the island. The city is located in between multiple mountain ranges including the
Knuckles mountain range and the
Hanthana Mountain Range, giving the city an elevation of above
sea level
Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised g ...
. It lies adjacent to the artificial
Kandy Lake
Kandy Lake ( si, බෝගම්බර වැව/ කිරි මූද), also known as Kiri Muhuda or the Sea of Milk, is an artificial lake in the heart of the hill city of Kandy, Sri Lanka, built in 1807 by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe next ...
and south of
Udawatta Kele Sanctuary. Today Udawatte Kele is reducing its area.
Climate
In
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, its climate is
tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as ''lowland equatori ...
(Af).
With Kandy located in the centre of the island and in a high elevation, the city has a relatively wetter and cooler temperatures than that of the tropical climate of the
rest of the country, especially the coastal regions.
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya ( si, නුවර එළිය ; ta, நுவரெலியா) is a city in the hill country of the Central Province, Sri Lanka. Its name means "city on the plain (table land)" or "city of light". The city is the administrativ ...
is south to it and has a cooler climate due to its higher elevation. Nevertheless, Kandy's climate is still tropical as mean temperatures year round are above 18 °C on average. The city does experience a drier period from January to April. From May through to July and October to December the region experiences its monsoon season, during this time the weather is rough and unstable. From March through the middle of May is the intermonsoonal period, during this time there is light rain and strong humidity. The humidity is generally between 70% to 79%.
Cityscape
The city of Kandy lies at an elevation of above
sea level
Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised g ...
. Its plan developed around two open spaces: an elongated square, at the end of which are the administration buildings of the old capital, and an artificial lake that is quadrangular in form. A public garden adds to the openness of the city's spatial organization.
Kandy has now grown out to encompass
Peradeniya
Peradeniya ( si, පේරාදෙණිය, translit=Pēradeniya; ta, பேராதனை, translit=Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a m ...
, home to the University of Peradeniya and the Botanical Gardens,
Katugastota
Katugastota ( Sinhala: කටුගස්තොට, Tamil: கடுகஸ்தொட) is a suburb of the city of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is located along the Kandy-Jaffna A9 highway approximately from the ...
to the north, and east to
Kundasale
Kundasale ( si, කුණ්ඩසාලේ, translit=Kuṇḍasālē; ta, குண்டசாலை, translit=Kuṇṭacālai) is a former town, now a suburb of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province of Sri Lanka. The town is situated to ...
,
Tennekumbura
Tennekumbura is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within , Kandy District in Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale Distri ...
and
Gurudeniya
Gurudeniya is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliy ...
.
Neighbourhoods
*
Akurana
Akurana ( si, අකුරණ, ta, அக்குரணை) is a suburb of the city of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka. The town is situated from Colombo and from the centre of Kandy, on the Kandy—Matale road. Akurana ...
*
Ampitiya
* Ampitiya North
* Ampitiya South
* Anniwatta
* Aruppola East
*
Asgiriya
*
Bahirawakanda
Bahirawakanda ( si, බහිරවකන්ද) is a village in the centre of the Kandy, Sri Lanka. In Sinhala, ''Bahirawa Kanda'' translates to mountain of Bahirawa. According to Sri Lankan myths, Bahirawa is a sanguinary deity associated with ...
*
Bogambara
Bogambara is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya D ...
* Bogodawatta
*
Bowala
*
Buwelikada
*
Dangolla
*
Deiyannewelle
*
Etamoragodawatta Colony
*
Gannoruwa West
Gannoruwa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province. Gannoruwa has its own historical connections. In 1638, the Battle of Gannoruwa was fought between the Portuguese and the Sinhala forces under King Rajasinha ll and Princ ...
*
Gelioya
Gelioya ( si, ගෙළිඔය) is a town located in Udunuwara Divisional Secretariat, Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing ...
*
Gampola
*
Heenagama
*
Katugastota
Katugastota ( Sinhala: කටුගස්තොට, Tamil: கடுகஸ்தொட) is a suburb of the city of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is located along the Kandy-Jaffna A9 highway approximately from the ...
*
Katukele
*
Kosgaspitiya
*
Kotugodella
*
Lewella
Lewella (meaning "blood sand") is a village and northeastern suburb of Kandy, in Central Province, Sri Lanka. It contains the Buddhist Lewella Meditation Centre, as well as a center for the Jesuits. The Mahaweli River flows on the eastern side, wi ...
*
Madawala
Madawala is a village in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.
Madawala is popular for its Madina National School or also known as Madina Central College, is one of the leading Tamil/English medium schools in Sri Lanka, which is situated in thi ...
*
Mahaiyawa
Mahaiyawa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
* List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Mahaiyawa belongs to Kandy district
External links
*
Populated places in Kandy District
{{KandyDistrict- ...
*
Malwatta
*
Mapanawatura
Mapanawatura is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya ...
*
Mavilmada
*
Menikkumbura
*
Mulgampola
*
Navayalatenna
*
Nittawela
Nittawela is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya Di ...
*
Nuwara Dodanwala
Nuwara Dodanwala is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara E ...
*
Peradeniya
Peradeniya ( si, පේරාදෙණිය, translit=Pēradeniya; ta, பேராதனை, translit=Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a m ...
*
Polgolla
Polgolla is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
* List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
External links
*
Populated places in Kandy District
{{KandyDistrict-geo-stub ...
*
Siyabalapitiya
*
Siyambalagastenna
Siyambalagastenna is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara ...
*
Suduhumpola East
*
Suduhumpola West
Suduhumpola, or Huduhumpola, is a village in Sri Lanka. It lies 1.5 miles from Kandy on the foothills of the Hanthana Mountain Range, within Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka, Central Province.
History
Suduhumpola originates with the Sud ...
*
Talwatta
*
Udamadapola
*
Udathalawinna
Udathalawinna is a village situated in Kandy district, Sri Lanka. This is located to the north of Kandy city. This village is 495m above sea level. This village's average temperature is 24 degrees Celsius. The annual rainfall is about 2500–3000 ...
*
Watapuluwa
Watapuluwa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya D ...
*
Wattarantenna
*
Wewelpitiya
*
Yatiwawala
Yatiwawala is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya D ...
*
Wattegama
Wattegama ( Sinhala: වත්තේගම, Tamil:வத்தேகம) is a town and Urban Council in Kandy District
Kandy District ( si, මහනුවර දිස්ත්රික්කය, ta, கண்டி மாவட்டம ...
Wards
Kandy has 24
wards
Ward may refer to:
Division or unit
* Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward
* Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a priso ...
:
Government
Kandy is a
charter city
In the United States, a charter city is a city in which the governing system is defined by the city's own charter document rather than solely by general law. In states where city charters are allowed by law, a city can adopt or modify its organ ...
, with a
Mayor Council form of government. The
Mayor of Kandy
The mayor of Kandy is the mayor and head of the Kandy Municipal Council
The Kandy Municipal Council (Sinhala language, Sinhala: මහනුවර මහ නගර සභා ''Mahanuwara Maha Nagara Sabha'') is the Politics of Sri Lanka#Local ...
and the councillors are elected through local government elections held once in five years. The Head of administration is the ''Municipal Commissioner'', who handles the day-to-day operations of the 16 departments that it is made up of.
The
Kandy Municipal Council
The Kandy Municipal Council (Sinhala language, Sinhala: මහනුවර මහ නගර සභා ''Mahanuwara Maha Nagara Sabha'') is the Politics of Sri Lanka#Local government structure, local council for Kandy, the second largest city and ...
governs the City of Kandy, it was established under the Municipalities Ordinance of 1865. The inaugural meeting had been held on 20 March 1866. The
Kandy Town Hall
The Town Hall of Kandy is the headquarters of the Kandy Municipal Council and the office of the Mayor of Kandy.
The building known as the ''Dunuwille Walawwe'' was acquired by the Municipal Council in 1870 at a court sanctioned auction, conducted ...
was established in the present premises known as the ''Dunuwille Walawwe'' in 1870.
The
Government Agent of the
Central Province had presided over the council until 1939 when the Mayor was elected. The first elected mayor was Sir
Cuda Ratwatte
Sir Jayatilaka Cudah Ratwatte Adigar (15 March 1880 – 27 March 1940) was a Ceylonese colonial-era politician and headman. He was a member of the State Council of Ceylon (1931–1933), the first elected Mayor of Kandy (1939–40), the first pers ...
. With further amendments to the ordinance in 1978, the Mayor became the Executive Head whilst the Commissioner was the Administrative head.
Presently, the council consists of 24 members. The Governing Party,
United National Party
The United National Party, often abbreviated as UNP ( si, එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, translit=Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, ta, ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, translit=Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci), ...
has 14 and the opposition 10. The Council meets once a month to review the progress and decide on the implementation of its projects. Five standing committees of the council, namely Finance, Law, Works, Sports and Welfare Services (Pre-Schools, Library), also meet monthly to evaluate and recommend to Council relative matters for approval.
Demographics
Kandy is a
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
majority city; there are sizable communities belonging to other ethnic groups, such as
Moors
The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
Moors are not a distinct or ...
and
Tamils. The city remains an important religious centre of the
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
and a place of
pilgrimage
A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, aft ...
for
Buddhists
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
, namely those belonging to the
Theravada
''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school' ...
school. The
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
has a
diocese
In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, pro ...
headquartered in the city.
Census of population (2012)
''Source:
''statistics.gov.lk''
Population by ethnicity according to urban area (2007)
''Source:
Economy
It is the second-largest city in the island and the capital of
Central Province. Many major corporations have large branch offices in Kandy and many industries including textiles, Sri Lankan gemstones, furniture, information technology, and jewellery are found there. Many agriculture research centres are located throughout the city.
Health care
The
National Hospital, Kandy is the second-largest medical institution in Sri Lanka, established and administered under the purview of the Ministry of Health, which remains a key hospital maintained by the Sri Lankan Government.
The
Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya
Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, is one of the three hospitals in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. It is one of the leading community teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka, affiliated with the University of Peradeniya. In addition to delivering medical care to pati ...
is one of the prime tertiary care hospitals in the country, located along the
A1 highway connecting Kandy and
Colombo
Colombo ( ; si, කොළඹ, translit=Koḷam̆ba, ; ta, கொழும்பு, translit=Koḻumpu, ) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo me ...
, near the
Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya.
The Dental Hospital Peradeniya and Sirimavo Bandaranaike Children's Hospitals are located adjacent to the Peradeniya Teaching Hospital.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Kandy has a public transport system based primarily on buses. The bus service is operated both by private companies and the government's own
Sri Lanka Transport Board
The Sri Lanka Transport Board (Sinhala language, Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා ගමනාගමන මණ්ඩලය ''Shri Lanka Gamanāgamana Mandalaya'')(formerly: Ceylon Transport Board, CTB) is a bus service provider in Sri Lanka. ...
(SLTB). The Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal (KMTT) after constructed will integrate a major bus terminal to the Kandy railway station. KMTT will handle about 2,000 bus departures, up to 3,000 further through-services, and about 320,000 passenger movements on a daily basis. EoIs from consultants for the Design, Construction Supervision and Contract Administration of the project were called in 2016.
Air
The proposed
Kandy Airport
The Kandy Airport is a proposed domestic airport in the central city of Kandy in Kundasale, Sri Lanka, aimed at facilitating growth in the influx of tourists to the Kandurata, Central Province. Domestic operations from Bandaranaike Internation ...
in the nearby area of
Kundasale
Kundasale ( si, කුණ්ඩසාලේ, translit=Kuṇḍasālē; ta, குண்டசாலை, translit=Kuṇṭacālai) is a former town, now a suburb of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province of Sri Lanka. The town is situated to ...
will create a direct air link to
Bandaranaike International Airport
Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) ( si, බණ්ඩාරනායක ජාත්යන්තර ගුවන්තොටුපළ, translit=Bandāranāyaka Jātyantara Guvantoṭupaḷa; ta, பண்டாரநாயக்க ...
in
Colombo
Colombo ( ; si, කොළඹ, translit=Koḷam̆ba, ; ta, கொழும்பு, translit=Koḻumpu, ) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo me ...
. The new airport will act as a catalyst to the tourism industry in
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
.
Roads
It is about from Colombo, from Nuwaraeliya and from Kurunegala.
;A-Grade highways:
*
A1 highway (Kandy road) connects Colombo with Kandy.
*
A9 highway connects Jaffna with Kandy.
*
A26 highway connects Padiyathalawa with Kandy via Mahiyangana.
*
A10 highway connects
Puttalam with Kandy via
Kurunegala and Katugastota.
*
A5 highway connects
Chenkalady
Chenkalady or Chenkaladi is a town in the Batticaloa District of Sri Lanka, it is located about 15 km north-west of Batticaloa. In Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
* Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia
**Sri Lank ...
with Kandy via
Padiyathalawa
Padiyathalawa is a small town in Ampara District
Ampara District ( ta, அம்பாறை மாவட்டம், translit=Ampāṟai Māvaṭṭam; si, අම්පාර දිස්ත්රික්කය, translit=Ampāra Distrikkaya ...
Badulla
Badulla ( si, බදුල්ල, ta, பதுளை) is the capital and the largest city of Uva Province situated in the lower central hills of Sri Lanka. It is the capital city of Uva Province and the Badulla District.
Geography
Badulla is ...
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya ( si, නුවර එළිය ; ta, நுவரெலியா) is a city in the hill country of the Central Province, Sri Lanka. Its name means "city on the plain (table land)" or "city of light". The city is the administrativ ...
and Peradeniya.
;High-speed expressways:
*Colombo – Kandy high-speed elevated expressway running is currently under construction, providing a high-speed link between the two largest economic centres.
Rail
*''Matale Line'' of the
Sri Lanka Railways
The Sri Lanka Railway Department (more commonly known as Sri Lanka Railways (SLR)) ( Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා දුම්රිය සේවය ''Śrī Laṃkā Dumriya Sēvaya''; Tamil: இலங்கை புகையிரத ...
connects Kandy by way of Peradeniya and
Matale
Matale ( Sinhala: මාතලේ, ta, மாத்தளை, translit=Māttaḷai) is the administrative capital city of the Matale District. It is the most urbanised and populated centre in the district. Matale is also the second largest muni ...
. It connects to the ''Main Line'' that links Colombo and
Badulla
Badulla ( si, බදුල්ල, ta, பதுளை) is the capital and the largest city of Uva Province situated in the lower central hills of Sri Lanka. It is the capital city of Uva Province and the Badulla District.
Geography
Badulla is ...
Architecture
Temple of the Tooth
On the north shore of the lake, which is enclosed by a parapet of white stone dating to the beginning of the 19th century, are the city's official religious monuments, including the
Royal Palace
This is a list of royal palaces, sorted by continent.
Africa
* Abdin Palace, Cairo
* Al-Gawhara Palace, Cairo
* Koubbeh Palace, Cairo
* Tahra Palace, Cairo
* Menelik Palace
* Jubilee Palace
* Guenete Leul Palace
* Imperial Palace- Massa ...
and the
Temple of the Tooth
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic or Sri Dalada Maligawa, ( si, ශ්රී දළදා මාළිගාව) is a Buddhist temple in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which ho ...
, known as the Sri Dalada Maligawa (daḷadā māligāva). Reconstructed in the 18th century, the Sri Dalada Maligawa is built on a base of
granite
Granite () is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies undergro ...
that was inspired by the
temple
A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...
s of Sri Lanka's former capital city,
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura ( si, අනුරාධපුරය, translit=Anurādhapuraya; ta, அனுராதபுரம், translit=Aṉurātapuram) is a major city located in north central plain of Sri Lanka. It is the capital city of North Central ...
. An array of materials (
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
,
marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite. Marble is typically not Foliation (geology), foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the ...
, sculpted
wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin th ...
,
ivory, etc.) contribute to the richness of this temple. Throughout this small ''holy city'', a number of recent Buddhist
monasteries can be found.
The monumental ensemble of Kandy is an example of construction that associates the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth (''Palace of the tooth relic'') is the place that houses the
relic of the tooth of the Buddha. Originally part of the Royal Palace complex of the Kandyan Kingdom, it is one of the holiest places of worship and pilgrimage for Buddhists around the world. It was the last of a series of temples built in the places where the relic, the actual palladium of the Sinhalese monarchy, was brought following the various relocations of the capital city.
The Palace of the Tooth relic, the palace complex and the holy city of Kandy are associated with the history of the dissemination of Buddhism. The temple is the product of the last peregrination of the relic of the tooth of Buddha and the testimony of a religion which continues to be practiced today.
The
International Buddhist Museum
International Buddhist Museum is the world's first International Buddhist Museum. It is located next to the National Museum of Kandy and Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The site was the former Palace of the Kandian King, Wimaladharmasuri ...
nearby houses objects contributed by India, Gandhara, Bhutan, Nepal, Korea, Thailand, etc. A 16-foot statue of Gautama Buddha, a replica of the
Sarnath Buddha is installed in front of the museum, gifted by the Government of India.
Royal Palace
![SL Kandy asv2020-01 img43 Royal Palace](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/SL_Kandy_asv2020-01_img43_Royal_Palace.jpg)
The
Royal Palace of Kandy
The Royal Palace of Kandy (known as ''Mahawàsala''), located to the north of the Temple of the Tooth (Daladà Màligàwa) in Kandy, was the royal residence of the Sri Lankan monarchy of the Kingdom of Kandy in Sri Lanka. The last king to resid ...
is the last Royal Palace built in the island. Although only part of the original palace complex remains. The Temple of the Tooth was part of this complex, due to the ancient tradition that stated that the monarch is the protector of the relic though which the ruler of the land. It today houses the
National Museum Kandy
The National Museum of Kandy in Kandy, Sri Lanka is located next to the Temple of the Tooth in part of the former Royal Palace of Kandy. The primary exhibits are housed in the ''Palle Vahala'' building, which was the former home of the King's ha ...
which holds an extensive collection of artefacts from both the Kandy Kingdom and the British colonial rule.
Lankatilaka Temple
The
Lankatilaka Temple is considered to be one of the best-preserved examples of traditional Sinhalese temple architecture. Built on a rock, the temple is reached by a long series of rock-cut steps. An arched passage of the image house leads through a Mandapa (hall) into the inner sanctum which is decorated with floral designs. The two side walls and the ceiling are decorated with paintings. In the inner sanctum is a large seated image of the Buddha.
Gadaladeniya Temple
The
Gadaladeniya Temple's design is of South Indian origin with a Devale attached to it, similar in character to the Natha Devale and the Gedige of Adahana Maluwa. The main shrine room has a seated Buddha statue and the remains of some paintings of the Gampola period.
Among other important temples around Kandy are
Dodanwala Devalaya (shrine),
Embekka Devalaya (shrine),
Galmaduwa Vihara temple, Handagala Vihara temple,
Medawala Vihara
Medawala is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
*List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kandy District, Matale District, and Nuwara Eliya Dis ...
and
Nalanda Gedige
Nalanda Gedige ( si, නාලන්දා ගෙඩිගේ; ta, நாலந்த கெடிகே) is an ancient complete stone temple near Matale, Sri Lanka and its original site is considered the geographical centre of Sri Lanka. The ...
.
Parks and gardens
![Botanical Garden of Peradeniya 03](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Botanical_Garden_of_Peradeniya_03.jpg)
The
Royal Botanical Garden, Peradeniya is situated about 5 km to the west of the city centre at
Peradeniya
Peradeniya ( si, පේරාදෙණිය, translit=Pēradeniya; ta, பேராதனை, translit=Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a m ...
and is visited by 2 million people per year.
[Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya Official Guide Map 2013] It is the largest botanical garden on the island extending to and containing over 4000 species of plants.
Knuckles Mountain Range in Kandy is a world heritage site of UNESCO.
Alagalla Mountain Range
Alagalla ( si, අලගල්ල, literal translation: Tuber rock) Mountain Range is situated at the boundaries of the Central and Sabaragamuwa Provinces in Sri Lanka. Along with the surrounding () also known as Bible Rock, (), (), (), Knuc ...
also named in English as Potato Range both famous for trekking in Sri Lanka.
The
Udawatta Kele (''Udawatta Forest'') is a protected sanctuary situated in the heart of the city, just north of the Temple of the Tooth. Known as "Uda Wasala Watta" in
Sinhala meaning, "the garden situated above the royal palace", it was designated as a forest reserve in 1856, and it became a sanctuary in 1938.
The
Royal Palace Park, known as ''Wales Park'' is a small park that overlooks
Kandy Lake
Kandy Lake ( si, බෝගම්බර වැව/ කිරි මූද), also known as Kiri Muhuda or the Sea of Milk, is an artificial lake in the heart of the hill city of Kandy, Sri Lanka, built in 1807 by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe next ...
and most of the city. In the park is a Japanese
field gun
A field gun is a field artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march, that when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances ( field artille ...
which was captured by the British
14th Army Fourteenth Army or 14th Army may refer to:
* 14th Army (German Empire), a World War I field Army
* 14th Army (Wehrmacht), a World War II field army
* Italian Fourteenth Army
* Japanese Fourteenth Army, a World War II field army, in 1944 converted ...
in
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
during World War II and presented to the city of Kandy by
Lord Mountbatten
Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British naval officer, colonial administrator and close relative of the British royal family. Mountbatten, who was of German ...
, Supreme Allied Commander
South East Asia Theatre.
Education
Primary and secondary education
Kandy is home to some of the island's oldest and leading schools.
*
Dharmaraja College
Dharmaraja College ( si, ධර්මරාජ විද්යාලය), founded in 1887, is a boys' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist school with around 300+ teaching staff and around 5000+ students. The school has many notable ...
*
Girls' High School, Kandy
Girls' High School, Kandy is a national girls' school located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1879 by Wesleyan Methodist missionaries and the oldest school for girls in Kandy affiliated with the Methodist Church in Sri Lanka.
History
...
*
Good Shepherd Convent, Kandy
, motto_translation = Strength and Sweetness
, location = Peradeniya Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
, zipcode = 20000
, coordinates =
, schooltype = Semi-Government
, religious_affi ...
* Hemamali Girls College
* Gothami Girls College
*
Hillwood College
Hillwood College is an independent private girls' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka founded by British Anglican missionaries of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society in 1890. The school is situated in the Kandy Lake round (Victoria Drive). Th ...
*
Kingswood College
*
Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
Mahamaya Girls’ College is a public girls' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Located in the centre of Kandy, overlooking the Kandy Lake, the school is named after Queen Mahamaya, the mother of Prince Siddhartha, the Buddha.
History
Mahamaya Girl ...
*
Pushpadana Girls' College, Kandy
Pushpadana Girls' College is public girls' schools located in Kandy, Sri Lanka.
History
* 31 May 1941 – The idea of establishing a school to provide English education to Buddhist girls was born out of a speech made by E. W. Adhikaram at the 3 ...
*
Ranabima Royal College
Ranabima Royal College ( si, රණබිම රාජකීය විද්යාලය) also known as Royal College, Ranabima is a provincial school in Gannoruwa near Kandy, Sri Lanka. The school is surrounded by Gannoruwa and Hanthana ...
*
St. Anthony's College, Kandy
* St. Anthony's Girls College
* St. Benedict's College, Kandy
*
St. Sylvester's College
* Sarasavi Uyana College
*
Seethadevi Girls' College
* Sri Chandananda Buddhist College
* Sri Rahula College
* Swarnamali Girls College
*
Trinity College Kandy
"Look to the End"
, mottoes =
, founder = John Ireland Jones
, established =
, type = Independent Private
, affiliation = Church of Ceylon, Anglican
, grade ...
*
Vidyartha College
Vidyartha College ( Sinhala: විද්යාර්ථ විද්යලය) is an all-male national school located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. The college was founded in 1942 by the Vidyartha Society, and is currently run by t ...
* Viharamahadevi Girls College
*
Wariyapola Sri Sumangala College
Wariyapola Sri Sumangala College ( si, වාරියපොළ ශ්රී සුමංගල විද්යාලය) is a boys' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka
History
The school - one of the oldest in Kandy - was established as St. P ...
Tertiary education
The country's second-oldest university,
University of Peradeniya
The University of Peradeniya ( si, පේරාදෙණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ta, பேராதனைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a Public research university, public university in Sri Lanka ...
is situated in
Peradeniya
Peradeniya ( si, පේරාදෙණිය, translit=Pēradeniya; ta, பேராதனை, translit=Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a m ...
, while the
Open University of Sri Lanka, the
, the National Institute of Business Management and the College of Technology have centres in the city. Most of the private-sector higher educational institutions also have their branches in Kandy.
The Geology Department at the University of Peradeniya is the only earth science department in Sri Lanka.
Culture
Leisure and entertainment
![Sri lanka kandy esala perahera](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Sri_lanka_kandy_esala_perahera.jpg)
Kandyans do many things for leisure and entertainment in the city. Kandy is popular due to the annual
procession known as the
Esala Perahera
The Kandy Esala Perahera (the Sri Dalada Perahara procession of Kandy) also known as The Festival of the Tooth is a festival held in July and August in Kandy, Sri Lanka. This historical procession is held annually to pay homage to the Sacred To ...
, in which one of the inner caskets used for covering the tooth relic of Buddha is taken in a grand procession through the streets of the city. This casket is taken on a royal
tusker. The procession includes traditional dancers and drummers, flag bearers of the provinces of the old Kandyan kingdom, the Nilames (
lay
Lay may refer to:
Places
*Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada
*Lay, Loire, a French commune
*Lay (river), France
*Lay, Iran, a village
*Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community
People
* Lay (surname)
* ...
custodians of temples ) wearing their traditional dresses, torch-bearers, and also the grandly attired elephant. This ceremony which is annually held in the months of July or August attracts large crowds from all parts of the country and also many foreign tourists.
Kandy City Centre is commercial and shopping complex open in 2005 at Dalada Veediya. and is the most modern commercial complex in Kandy. The complex is studded with ultra-modern features, also incorporating the traditional architecture of Kandy during the medieval period of Sri Lanka. The city centre is host to several leading banks, a fully equipped supermarket, modern restaurants, an entertainment zone including a 3-cinema complex, a well-designed state-of-the-art food court, Sri Lanka's leading bookshop, flora, and an Ayurveda site. There is a five-level car park outside managed separately by the Kandy Municipal Council and is the largest car park in Kandy.
Literature, film and television
Much of the 1984 film ''
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the second installment in the ''Indiana Jones'' franchise, and a prequel to the 1981 film ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', fea ...
'' was shot in Kandy.
Sport
Kandy has produced national-level competitors in a wide range of sports, including
cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striki ...
,
rugby union
Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its m ...
,
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
,
swimming,
field hockey
Field hockey is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with ten outfield players and a goalkeeper. Teams must drive a round hockey ball by hitting it with a hockey stick towards the rival team's shooting ci ...
, athletics, table tennis, boxing, basketball, golf, and even baseball, which has only been introduced into Kandy recently. Kandy has produced national captains of cricket and rugby and athletes that play at the highest level of all sports.
Unlike the rest of the country
rugby
Rugby may refer to:
Sport
* Rugby football in many forms:
** Rugby league: 13 players per side
*** Masters Rugby League
*** Mod league
*** Rugby league nines
*** Rugby league sevens
*** Touch (sport)
*** Wheelchair rugby league
** Rugby union: 1 ...
is the most popular sport in the region. This is because of the local rugby union club,
Kandy Sports Club being the reigning Club Rugby Champions in the national league for almost a decade, as well as the fondness and support the local schools treat the sport with. The
Singer Sri Lankan Airlines Rugby 7's
The Sri Lanka Sevens is an annual international rugby sevens tournament held in Sri Lanka. Sponsored by telecommunications provider Dialog Axiata, Dialog, the event has been part of the Asian Sevens Series since 2015. It was founded in 1999 as the ...
tournament is an annual international rugby union event held at the local
Bogambara Stadium
Bogambara Stadium ( si, බෝගම්බර ක්රිඩාංගනය) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kandy, Sri Lanka It is one of the oldest grounds in the country. Stadium is currently used mostly for Rugby matches and hosted the gam ...
, attracting nations from all over the world.
Cricket is widely played in Kandy with the city having three first-class teams in the
Premier Trophy
The Major League Tournament (formerly known as the Premier Trophy) is the main domestic first-class cricket competition in Sri Lanka. It was established in 1938 and has existed under a number of different names. Matches before the 1988–89 seas ...
,
Saracens
file:Erhard Reuwich Sarazenen 1486.png, upright 1.5, Late 15th-century Germany in the Middle Ages, German woodcut depicting Saracens
Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek language, Greek and Latin writings, to refer ...
,
Kandy Cricket Club
The Kandy Cricket Club, also known as Kandy CC, is a cricket club based in Kandy, Sri Lanka which plays in divisional cricket tournaments organized by the Kandy District Cricket Association (KDCA) and Sri Lanka Cricket
Sri Lanka Cricket (SL ...
and
Kandy Youth Cricket Club
Kandy Youth Cricket Club was a first class cricket team in Sri Lanka which competed in the Premier Trophy.
See also
* List of Sri Lankan cricket teams
This is a list of Sri Lankan cricket teams who have played all forms of the game, past and pre ...
, as well as being the main city for the
Lanka Premier League side
Kandy Falcons
Kandy Falcons, formerly known as Kandy Tuskers and Kandy Warriors, are a Sri Lankan franchise professional Twenty20 cricket team that competes in the Lanka Premier League (LPL), representing the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka which was founded in 2020 ...
. Kandy is host to the
Sri Lanka national cricket team
The Sri Lanka men's national cricket team, ( si, ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ක්රිකට් කණ්ඩායම, ta, இலங்கை தேசிய கிரிக்கெட் அணி) nicknamed The Lions ...
with two
Test status
Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last f ...
grounds,
Asgiriya International Stadium and the newly built state-of-the-art
Pallekele International Cricket Stadium. Both stadiums have held
World Cup matches. Other cricket venues are Katugastota Oval (St.Anthony's College ground), Lake View ground at
Dharmaraja College
Dharmaraja College ( si, ධර්මරාජ විද්යාලය), founded in 1887, is a boys' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist school with around 300+ teaching staff and around 5000+ students. The school has many notable ...
, and Police ground Kandy.
Sports like
field hockey
Field hockey is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with ten outfield players and a goalkeeper. Teams must drive a round hockey ball by hitting it with a hockey stick towards the rival team's shooting ci ...
,
volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
(the national sport of Sri Lanka), and
association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
however have not taken off in Kandy as much as other sports, due to the lack of proper playing fields, funding, and support.
Cue games
Cue sports are a wide variety of games of skill played with a cue, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .
There are three major subdivisions of ...
like billiards and snooker have hardly anyone playing. However,
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
,
table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...
,
badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players pe ...
, and
swimming are common due to the high participation of students and schools.
Twin towns and sister cities
The City of Kandy has a sister city relationship with:
See also
*
Esala Perahera
The Kandy Esala Perahera (the Sri Dalada Perahara procession of Kandy) also known as The Festival of the Tooth is a festival held in July and August in Kandy, Sri Lanka. This historical procession is held annually to pay homage to the Sacred To ...
*
Kingdom of Kandy
The Kingdom of Kandy was a monarchy on the Sri Lanka, island of Sri Lanka, located in the central and eastern portion of the island. It was founded in the late 15th century and endured until the early 19th century.
Initially a client kingdom ...
*
World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the U ...
* ''
''
References
Further reading
* Woodcock, George. "The Kings of Kandy" ''History Today'' (Dec 1963) 13#12 pp 852–862, covers 1505 to 1833.
*
*
*
*
External links
Kandy Municipal Council – Government WebsiteOfficial UNESCO website entryWard Map of Kandy Municipal Council
{{Authority control
World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka
Populated places established in the 14th century
Provincial capitals in Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Kandy
Holy cities