Diphylleidae

	Diphylleidae Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life. Recent molecular analyses place Collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 nisomonadea; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003 Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonida * Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus '' Sulcomonas'' Brugerolle 2006 * Species ''S. lacustris'' Brugerolle 2006 * Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002** Genus ''Diphylleia'' Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 Aulacomonas.html" ;"title="'Aulacomonas">'Aulacomonas'' Skuja 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Diphylleidae Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life. Recent molecular analyses place Collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 nisomonadea; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003 Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonida * Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus '' Sulcomonas'' Brugerolle 2006 * Species ''S. lacustris'' Brugerolle 2006 * Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002** Genus ''Diphylleia'' Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 Aulacomonas.html" ;"title="'Aulacomonas">'Aulacomonas'' Skuja 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Collodictyon ''Collodictyon'' is a genus of single-celled, omnivorous eukaryotes belonging to the collodictyonids, also known as diphylleids. Due to their mix of cellular components, Collodictyonids do not belong to any well-known kingdom (biology), kingdom-level grouping of that domain (biology), domain and this makes them distinctive from other families. Recent research places them in a new 'supergroup' together with rigifilids and ''Mantamonas'', with the so-far informal name 'CRuMs'. Taxonomy and phylogeny Three species are currently recognised in this genus. The type species is ''Collodictyon triciliatum''. A second species—''Collodictyon sparsevacuolatum''—named by Skuja is also recognised; this species is found in freshwater in the United States and Europe. A third species ''Collodictyon sphaericum'' has been described but its description is in doubt. A fourth species—''Collodictyon hongkongense''—has been described by Skvortzow but this description is consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Malawimonadea Malawimonadidae is a group of unicellular eukaryotes of outsize importance in understanding eukaryote phylogeny. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Phylum Neolouka Cavalier-Smith 2013 Class Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 * Order Malawimonadida Cavalier-Smith 2003 ** Family Malawimonadidae O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 * Genus '' Gefionella'' Heiss, Ekelund & Simpson 2018 ** Species '' G. okellyi'' Heiss, Ekelund & Simpson 2018 * Genus ''Malawimonas ''Malawimonas'' is a Loukozoa genus, possible sister of the Podiata. History of the discovery of Malawimonads In 1993, Charles J O’ Kelly studied the jakobid groups flagellates and implications for the early diversification of eukaryotes and ...'' O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 ** Species '' M. californiana'' ** Species '' M. jakobiformis'' O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 References Excavata families {{Excavata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mantamonadida The Mantamonadidae are of Motility, free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces (rather than swimming). There is one genus, ''Mantamonas''. It has been suggested previously that the Mantamonadidae be classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusomonadida, Apusmonadida on the basis of Ribosomal RNA, rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the collodictyonids (=diphylleids) and ''Rigifila''. Taxonomy * Order Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 Family Mantamonadidae Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 * Genus ''Mantamonas'' Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 ** Species ''Mantamonas plastica'' Cavalier-Smith & Glücksman 2011 Phylogeny References Podiata orders {{eukaryote-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Apusomonadida The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that includes both animals and fungi. Together with the Breviatea, these form the Obazoa clade. Taxonomy * Class Apusomonadea Tedersoo 2017 Order Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 hecomonadales Lee 1989* Family Apusomonadidae Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 ** Genus ''Amastigomonas'' de Saedeleer 1931 * Species '' A. caudata'' Mylnikov 1989 'Amastigomonas borokensis'' Hamar 1979* Species '' A. debruynei'' de Saedeleer 1931 * Species '' A. marisrubri'' Mylnikov & Mylnikov 2012 Genus ''Multimonas'' Cavalier-Smith 2010 * Species '' M. koreensis'' Heiss et al. 2015 * Species '' M. marina'' (Mylnikov 1989) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Cercomonas marina'' Mylnikov 1989; ''Amastigomonas marina'' (Mylnikov 1989) Mylnikov 1999* Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Breviatea ''Breviata anathema'' is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name ''Mastigamoeba invertens''. The cell lacks mitochondria but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a modified anaerobic mitochondrion, similar to the mitosomes and hydrogenosomes found in other eukaryotes that live in low-oxygen environments. Early molecular data placed ''Breviata'' in the Amoebozoa, but without obvious affinity to known amoebozoan groups. More recently, phylogenomic analysis has shown that the class Breviatea is a sister group to the Opisthokonta and Apusomonadida. Together, these three groups form the clade Obazoa (the term Obazoa is based on an acronym of Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, plus ‘zóa’ (pertaining to ‘life’ in Greek)). Taxonomy * Class Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 rotamoebaeref> Order Breviatida Cavalier-Smith 2004 * Family Breviatidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus ''Brevi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obazoa Obazoa (Brown et al., 2013) is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea). Obazoa is composed of Breviatea, Apusomonadida and Opisthokonta. The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida. Determining the placement of Breviatea and Apusomonadida and their properties is of interest for the development of the opisthokonts in which the main lineages of animals and fungi emerged. The relationships among opisthokonts, breviates and apusomonads are not conclusively resolved (as of 2018), though Breviatea is usually inferred to be the most basal of the three lineages. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies do not usually recover Obazoa as a clade (see for example:), probably reflecting their stemming from a very ancient common ancestor, and little phylogenetic signal Phylogenetic signal is an evolutionary and ecological term, that describes the tendency or the pattern of related biological species to resemble each other more than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked " supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea or Opimoda. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Diphylleidae Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life. Recent molecular analyses place Collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 nisomonadea; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003 Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonida * Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus '' Sulcomonas'' Brugerolle 2006 * Species ''S. lacustris'' Brugerolle 2006 * Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002** Genus ''Diphylleia'' Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 Aulacomonas.html" ;"title="'Aulacomonas">'Aulacomonas'' Skuja 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Diphylleidae Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life. Recent molecular analyses place Collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 nisomonadea; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003 Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonida * Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus '' Sulcomonas'' Brugerolle 2006 * Species ''S. lacustris'' Brugerolle 2006 * Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002** Genus ''Diphylleia'' Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 Aulacomonas.html" ;"title="'Aulacomonas">'Aulacomonas'' Skuja 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Collodictyon ''Collodictyon'' is a genus of single-celled, omnivorous eukaryotes belonging to the collodictyonids, also known as diphylleids. Due to their mix of cellular components, Collodictyonids do not belong to any well-known kingdom (biology), kingdom-level grouping of that domain (biology), domain and this makes them distinctive from other families. Recent research places them in a new 'supergroup' together with rigifilids and ''Mantamonas'', with the so-far informal name 'CRuMs'. Taxonomy and phylogeny Three species are currently recognised in this genus. The type species is ''Collodictyon triciliatum''. A second species—''Collodictyon sparsevacuolatum''—named by Skuja is also recognised; this species is found in freshwater in the United States and Europe. A third species ''Collodictyon sphaericum'' has been described but its description is in doubt. A fourth species—''Collodictyon hongkongense''—has been described by Skvortzow but this description is consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Malawimonadea Malawimonadidae is a group of unicellular eukaryotes of outsize importance in understanding eukaryote phylogeny. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Phylum Neolouka Cavalier-Smith 2013 Class Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 * Order Malawimonadida Cavalier-Smith 2003 ** Family Malawimonadidae O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 * Genus '' Gefionella'' Heiss, Ekelund & Simpson 2018 ** Species '' G. okellyi'' Heiss, Ekelund & Simpson 2018 * Genus ''Malawimonas ''Malawimonas'' is a Loukozoa genus, possible sister of the Podiata. History of the discovery of Malawimonads In 1993, Charles J O’ Kelly studied the jakobid groups flagellates and implications for the early diversification of eukaryotes and ...'' O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 ** Species '' M. californiana'' ** Species '' M. jakobiformis'' O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 References Excavata families {{Excavata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mantamonadida The Mantamonadidae are of Motility, free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces (rather than swimming). There is one genus, ''Mantamonas''. It has been suggested previously that the Mantamonadidae be classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusomonadida, Apusmonadida on the basis of Ribosomal RNA, rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the collodictyonids (=diphylleids) and ''Rigifila''. Taxonomy * Order Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 Family Mantamonadidae Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 * Genus ''Mantamonas'' Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011 ** Species ''Mantamonas plastica'' Cavalier-Smith & Glücksman 2011 Phylogeny References Podiata orders {{eukaryote-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Apusomonadida The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that includes both animals and fungi. Together with the Breviatea, these form the Obazoa clade. Taxonomy * Class Apusomonadea Tedersoo 2017 Order Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 hecomonadales Lee 1989* Family Apusomonadidae Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 ** Genus ''Amastigomonas'' de Saedeleer 1931 * Species '' A. caudata'' Mylnikov 1989 'Amastigomonas borokensis'' Hamar 1979* Species '' A. debruynei'' de Saedeleer 1931 * Species '' A. marisrubri'' Mylnikov & Mylnikov 2012 Genus ''Multimonas'' Cavalier-Smith 2010 * Species '' M. koreensis'' Heiss et al. 2015 * Species '' M. marina'' (Mylnikov 1989) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Cercomonas marina'' Mylnikov 1989; ''Amastigomonas marina'' (Mylnikov 1989) Mylnikov 1999* Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Breviatea ''Breviata anathema'' is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name ''Mastigamoeba invertens''. The cell lacks mitochondria but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a modified anaerobic mitochondrion, similar to the mitosomes and hydrogenosomes found in other eukaryotes that live in low-oxygen environments. Early molecular data placed ''Breviata'' in the Amoebozoa, but without obvious affinity to known amoebozoan groups. More recently, phylogenomic analysis has shown that the class Breviatea is a sister group to the Opisthokonta and Apusomonadida. Together, these three groups form the clade Obazoa (the term Obazoa is based on an acronym of Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, plus ‘zóa’ (pertaining to ‘life’ in Greek)). Taxonomy * Class Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 rotamoebaeref> Order Breviatida Cavalier-Smith 2004 * Family Breviatidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Genus ''Brevi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obazoa Obazoa (Brown et al., 2013) is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea). Obazoa is composed of Breviatea, Apusomonadida and Opisthokonta. The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida. Determining the placement of Breviatea and Apusomonadida and their properties is of interest for the development of the opisthokonts in which the main lineages of animals and fungi emerged. The relationships among opisthokonts, breviates and apusomonads are not conclusively resolved (as of 2018), though Breviatea is usually inferred to be the most basal of the three lineages. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies do not usually recover Obazoa as a clade (see for example:), probably reflecting their stemming from a very ancient common ancestor, and little phylogenetic signal Phylogenetic signal is an evolutionary and ecological term, that describes the tendency or the pattern of related biological species to resemble each other more than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked " supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea or Opimoda. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]