September 1965

The following events occurred in September 1965:

September 1, 1965 (Wednesday)

*The People's Republic of China lodged a protest with the United Kingdom for allowing American troops to visit Hong Kong while on furlough. The Chinese, who were obligated under a 99-year lease to allow the British to use the area as a colony until 1997, likened the recreational use to the placement of an American military base on the Chinese mainland. The diplomatic note was delivered in Beijing to British Chargé d'Affaires K. M. Wilford, who was summoned to the Chinese Foreign Ministry by Hsieh Li, the Director of the Ministry's Department for Western European affairs.
*At 3:30 in the morning local time, Pakistan launched Operation Grand Slam, a surprise attack into India, with the objective of capturing the vital town of Akhnoor in Jammu and Kashmir, so as to sever communications and cut off supply routes to Indian troops. Pakistani leader Ayub Khan stated that "Hindu morale will not stand more than a couple of hard blows at the right time and place". India responded by calling in its air force.
*The United States Marine Corps announced that it was cutting the amount of training of new recruits from 12 weeks of boot camp to only eight, in response to the sudden increase in combat troops assigned to the Vietnam War. "The aim is to process 30,000 additional men," a report noted, "without adding to present marine facilities or increasing the staff of instructors," effectively educating 50% more U.S. Marines each year.
*Former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower paid a final visit to his birthplace in Denison, Texas, and spent half an hour touring the house on 609 South Lamar Avenue where he had been born almost 75 years earlier. Eisenhower gave a speech at the auditorium at Denison High School, which had been renamed in his honor after alumni had protested against renaming the entire school.
*The People's Republic of China created the Tibet Autonomous Region, giving the conquered Buddhist Kingdom of Tibet limited authority on matters of education and language policy, and a Tibetan member of the Chinese Communist Party, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, as the regional chairman.
*Born: Craig McLachlan, Australian actor and singer; in Long Jetty, New South Wales

September 2, 1965 (Thursday)

*The valuable DeLong Star Ruby, stolen on October 29, 1964, was recovered from a telephone booth at a toll road service plaza, on the Sunshine State Parkway from Palm Beach, Florida. Multimillionaire John D. MacArthur arranged for $25,000 ransom to be released to the callers after verifying the authenticity of the ruby.
*Former presidential candidate and U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater filed a lawsuit against publisher Ralph Ginzburg and his publishing company, Fact Magazine, Inc., seeking two million dollars for libel arising from an article questioning the candidate's sanity. The front cover of the September–October 1964 issue of ''Fact'' magazine had the headline "1,889 psychiatrists say Goldwater is psychologically unfit to be President", and in Ginzburg's article (including an excerpt reprinted on the back of the magazine) was the statement, "He consciously wants to destroy the world with atomic bombs. He is a mass murderer at heart. He is amoral and immoral. He is a dangerous lunatic." Goldwater would be awarded $75,000 by a federal jury in 1968 and the U.S. Supreme Court would ultimately affirm the decision in 1970.
*Two homes in Vandenberg Village, California, were damaged, and 41 people taken to the hospital, after debris from a destroyed missile fell on their neighborhood from Vandenberg Air Force Base. A Thor-Agena booster rocket had been launched from the base minutes earlier but then deviated from its course, and was destroyed by remote control at an altitude of , sending flaming debris on the area below.
*American comedian Phyllis Diller, whose popular standup comic routine was based on her experiences as a housewife and on a mythical husband nicknamed "Fang", filed for divorce against her real husband of 25 years, Sherwood Diller. The uncontested divorce would be granted the following day.
*Tahir Yahya was forced to resign as Prime Minister of Iraq. The vacancy would be filled four days later by Arif Abd ar-Razzaq, who would flee the country on September 17 after only 10 days in office.
*Born: Lennox Lewis, British boxer who was world heavyweight boxing champion during much of the 1990s and early 2000s; in West Ham, London
*Died:
**Émile Muselier, 83, Admiral of the Free French Naval Forces composed of ships that continued to fight World War II when France surrendered to Nazi Germany in 1940.
** Johannes Bobrowski, 48, East German poet

September 3, 1965 (Friday)

*India's Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri approved a three-point policy in the nation's war against Pakistan, specifically, defending against Pakistan's attempts to seize control of Indian Kashmir; to destroy the offensive power of Pakistan's armed forces; and "to occupy only the minimum Pakistan territory necessary to achieve these purposes", removing troops "after the satisfactory conclusion of the war."
*The earliest known skateboard park opened in Tucson, Arizona. Surf City, located on 5140 East Speedway Road, billed itself as the "world's first championship skateboard course", provided free use of helmets to every participant who paid the one dollar admission fee, and offered to rent boards to kids who did not own one.
*Communist China's Vice-Premier Lin Biao, viewed as the eventual successor of party chairman Mao Zedong, published the widely circulated essay ''Long Live the Victory of the People's War!'', providing the official view of China's role as a world power and a guide to fomenting similar "people's revolutions" in nations around the globe.
* Kosmos 84, the Soviet Union's first nuclear powered satellite, was launched into orbit. Its source of fuel was a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) fueled with polonium-210.
*Héctor García-Godoy became President of the Dominican Republic as the military junta turned over leadership of the Caribbean nation to civilians.
* Pope Paul VI issued the encyclical '' Mysterium fidei'', reinforcing traditional Roman Catholic doctrine concerning the Eucharist.
*Born: Charlie Sheen, American film and television actor; as Carlos Irwin Estévez in New York City

September 4, 1965 (Saturday)

* Newcomb Mott, a 27-year-old American book salesman from Boston, went sightseeing while staying at a hotel in the Norwegian town of Kirkenes, and ventured across Norway's border in the Finnmark province into the Soviet Union. Kirkenes police chief Gunnar Haarstad found that Mott had last been seen at the village of Elvenes, about a mile from the border, and that Russian border authorities confirmed on September 9 that Mott had been arrested for illegal entry. Mott would be convicted on November 24 of illegal entry and sentenced to 18 months in prison. By January 17, he would be dead, and Soviet authorities would say that he had committed suicide on a train that was taking him to a forced labor camp at Murmansk.
* Yorkshire defeated Surrey, 317 to 142, to win the championship game of the Gillette Cup, which had started as a single elimination tournament in April with all 17 of England's first-class county teams, and five minor teams that had been invited to participate. Geoff Boycott's 146 runs in the final at Lord's Cricket Ground, remains the highest ever scored in a county limited-overs final played there.
*In a rare show of defiance against the Communist government of the Soviet Union, public protests began in the Ukrainian SSR against the August 24 roundup of Ukrainian intellectuals by the KGB. The time chosen for the outcry was the premiere in Kiev of the new film by Sergei Parajanov, ''Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors''.
*Born:
** Michael Bentt, British-born professional boxer who briefly held the World Boxing Organization heavyweight title; in East Dulwich, London
** Bowie Lam, Chinese television actor and singer; in Hong Kong
*Died:
**Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 90, German Alsace-born Gabonese physician and missionary, and recipient of the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize, died at the hospital he had built in the African jungle at Lambarene in Gabon.
**Felix Tijerina, 60, Mexican-American restaurateur and philanthropist in Houston, and one-time national president of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).
**Alfred Bossom, 83, English skyscraper architect and inventor

September 5, 1965 (Sunday)

*Three Iranian graduates from the Tehran University College of Engineering founded the Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK) to oppose the Western-style reforms and the political repression of the Shah. Mohammed Hanifnezhad, Said Mohsen, and Ali-Asghar Badizadegan successfully worked for the overthrow of the Shah in 1979, and the establishment of an Islamic republic, and then saw their organization would have no role under the regime of the Ayatollah Khomeini. The group would then wage its own campaign against Khomeini, with terrorist attacks against Islamic Republican Party members, and the assassination of the President and the Prime Minister.
*A battalion of the United States Marines used what it described as " tear gas" to force hidden Viet Cong guerrillas into the open in the South Vietnamese village of Vinh Quang in the Binh Dinh Province. The North Vietnamese branch of the International Red Cross, however, said that the 48 canisters were of a high concentration of phenacyl chloride or CN gas, and that 35 civilians had been killed. USMC Lt. Col. Leon N. Utter, commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 7th U.S. Marine regiment, was investigated but cleared of wrongdoing.
*The word "hippie" first appeared in print, in an article in the ''San Francisco Examiner'' by reporter Michael Fallon, who was writing a series about the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. "Five untroubled young 'hippies'," Fallon began, "sprawled on floor mattresses and slouched in an armchair retrieved from a debris box, flipped cigaret ashes at a seatbelt in their Waller Street flat and pondered their next move."
*The 1965 UCI Road World Championships, conducted by bicycling's highest authority, the Union Cycliste Internationale, took place at Lasarte-Oria near San Sebastián in the Pyrenees mountains of Spain. There were four events, a men's road race, a women's road race, an amateur men's race, and a team time trial.
*'' Pravda'', the newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, published an editorial titled "Friendship of Peoples", deploring anti-Semitism. As another historian would note later, the condemnation "rested not on morality, but on the practical ground that such manifestations blacken the Soviet image abroad."
*Died: Carlos F. Borcosque, 70, cinematic director in both Chile and Argentina

September 6, 1965 (Monday)

*At 3:30 in the morning local time, Indian Army troops poured across the border into the Punjab province in Pakistan, catching the Pakistani Army by surprise and opening the Indo-Pakistan War on a second front. At the same time, Pakistani aircraft bombed Indian airfields and dropped paratroopers in India's Jammu and Kashmir state, 14 miles inside the border, and threatened to drive toward New Delhi. September 6 is now honored annually as Defence Day, a public holiday to commemorate the event.
*The 11 members of the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously for Resolution 210 to direct Secretary-General U Thant to negotiate a peaceful solution to the Indo-Pakistani War. Joining the five permanent members (the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and Taiwan) were temporary members Bolivia, the Ivory Coast, Jordan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Uruguay.
*Born: Dana Dane, American rapper; as Dana McCleese in Fort Greene, Brooklyn

September 7, 1965 (Tuesday)

*Canada's Prime Minister Lester Pearson scheduled nationwide parliamentary elections for November 8. Pearson's Liberal Party held a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, but was six short of the 133 required for a majority of the 265 available, and Pearson concluded that it was an auspicious time for the government to increase its strength.
*Twelve of the 31 men working inside an underwater caisson were killed when a decompression chamber exploded. The 31 were working on bridge pilings under the St. Lawrence River near Trois-Rivieres, Quebec.
*In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiated Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, south of the Chu Lai Marine base.

September 8, 1965 (Wednesday)

* Filipino-American members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) labor union walked out on strike at nine of the major grape growing farms in Kern County, California, after years of being paid lower wages (as American citizens) than guest workers from Mexico. Other grievances by the predominantly Filipino-American AWOC were bad sanitary conditions, a lack of drinkable water for field workers, and brutal treatment by supervisors. Within eight days, the predominantly Mexican-American National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) would join the strike and 21 farms would be idle during the grape harvest.
* Bert Campaneris, a shortstop for baseball's Kansas City Athletics, became the first major leaguer to play all nine positions in one game. The Athletics were in last place in the ten-team American League when they hosted the Los Angeles Angels, and lost 5–3 in a game that ran into extra innings. "A surprisingly large crowd of 21,576" came to watch the experiment. The box score listed "Campy" in the order of the positions he played in the first nine of those innings: "Campaneris, ss, 2b, 3b, lf, cf, rf, 1b, p, c".
*The United States halted military aid to both India and Pakistan, in response to the Indo-Pakistan War. "Since the U.S. was the sole supplier of arms to Pakistan," an author would later note, "while India received arms from several sources, notably the USSR, the embargo was especially effective against Pakistan." Communist China sent a diplomatic note to India with the threat that if India pursued a takeover of Pakistan, there would be "grave consequences".
*The war between India and Pakistan escalated as the Indian Army sent troops toward the Pakistani capital of Karachi and toward Hyderabad, while Pakistani Air Force jets attempted to attack the Indian capital of New Delhi. The Pakistan Navy raided India's coasts without any resistance in Operation Dwarka. Pakistan now celebrates September 8 as Victory Day annually.
*Died:
** Dorothy Dandridge, 42, American actress and singer, was found dead in her apartment in West Hollywood, California. There was no indication of foul play or a suicide, and a homicide detective told reporters that there was no indication that the death was from anything other than natural causes.
**Hermann Staudinger, 84, German chemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the structure of polymers.

September 9, 1965 (Thursday)

*Hurricane Betsy roared ashore near New Orleans at 7:00 in the evening, with winds of . Ultimately, Betsy would leave behind 76 deaths and $1.42 billion in damage in Louisiana (equivalent to $10.69 billion fifty years later). The storm was the first hurricane to cause more than one billion dollars worth of destruction, giving it the nickname "Billion Dollar Betsy". It would be the last major hurricane to strike New Orleans until Hurricane Katrina 40 years later.
*President Ayub issued the "Enemy Property (Custody and Registration) Order II" which effectively discriminated against the Hindu minority in both West and East Pakistan by providing that India was an enemy country, that the assets and land of all Indian nationals in Pakistan were to be put under the control of the Custodian of Enemy Property, and that benefits arising from the property should not go to the enemy. Even after the termination of the national state of emergency on February 16, 1969, the law would continue.
*U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signed the legislation creating the eleventh cabinet level department in the federal executive branch, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, generally referred to as "HUD". Performing the duties of the former Housing and Home Finance Agency (HHFA), it was the first new cabinet department since the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare had been launched in 1953. Under the legislation, HUD would not become official for 60 days.
*Baseball player Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a perfect game in a 1–0 win against the Chicago Cubs. It was Koufax's fourth no-hitter in as many seasons. Despite the loss, it was an impressive game for the opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley of the Cubs, who threw a one-hitter. "Don't forget the other fellow did a pretty good job out there," Koufax told reporters afterward. "That Hendley gave us only one hit and we were lucky to get the run we did."
*U.S. Navy Commander James Stockdale of the carrier USS ''Oriskany'' was captured as a prisoner of war when his F-8E jet was shot down over North Vietnam. He would spend more than seven years as a POW, and would later be awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership of his fellow prisoners during captivity, and retire as a Vice Admiral. In 1992, he would be a candidate for Vice President of the United States as the running mate of Ross Perot.
*U.N. Secretary-General U Thant recommended the People's Republic of China for United Nations membership. Thant, however, was in Karachi to begin negotiating with Pakistan's President Ayub Khan on terms for a ceasefire, and his speech was read aloud by an assistant.
* Vatican City announced that it would no longer lend out any of its art masterpieces for exhibition. The year before, it had allowed the statue of the '' Pietà'', carved by Michelangelo in the late 15th century, to be displayed at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
*Gemini 6 was moved to complex 19 and hoisted to the top of the Gemini launch vehicle. The move had been scheduled for September 2 but was delayed by the presence of Hurricane Betsy in the vicinity of Cape Kennedy from September 3 to 8.
*The British dredger ''Bowqueen'' capsized and sank off Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, with the loss of four of her seven crew.
*Born:
** Constance Marie, American TV actress on the '' George Lopez'' television show; in East Los Angeles
** Dan Majerle, American basketball player and coach; in Traverse City, Michigan

September 10, 1965 (Friday)

*At NASA Headquarters, Saturn/Apollo Applications Deputy Director John H. Disher formally redesignated Apollo Extension System the Apollo Applications Program.
* Typhoon Shirley swept across Japan, killing 67 people, injuring hundreds, and leaving thousands of people homeless.
*Born: Mona Mahmudnizhad, Iranian Bahá'í martyr (d. 1983); in Shiraz
*Died:
**" Father Divine" (born as George Baker), 89, African-American religious cult leader and founder of the International Peace Mission movement.
**Bobby Jordan, 42, American child actor and member of the Dead End Kids and the East Side Kids, and later, as an adult, The Bowery Boys.
** Hans Gugelot, 45, Swiss pioneer in system design for the Braun company and at the Ulm School of Design.

September 11, 1965 (Saturday)

*College football was played in a domed stadium for the first time as the University of Tulsa Golden Hurricane beat the University of Houston Cougars, 14–0, at the Astrodome before a smaller-than-expected crowd of 37,138. A reporter at the time praised on the controlled 72° temperature in a city where it was 97° outside, but noted that the field "was almost devoid of grass" and the game was on hard ground painted green. "Football seemed strange indoors. Without mud and wind and bone-chiling cold, it certainly was a better game. But it seemed artificial— a bit too antiseptic."
*The Battle of Phillora, described by one military historian as "the biggest tank engagement since the Second World War", took place near the Pakistani city of Sialkot, with the Indian Army making a surprise attack with Centurion Mk7 and M4 Sherman tanks, and the Army of Pakistan defending with M47 and M48 Patton tanks. To the south, the Indian Army captured the town of Burki, only to the southeast of the Punjabi capital of Lahore.
*The second National Games of China opened in Beijing with 5,922 athletes from all 22 provinces and six other administrative areas, participating in 22 sports over a period of 17 days. The Games' slogan was "Exercise the Body; Build our Motherland, Defend our Country".
*Born:
** Paul Heyman, American pro wrestling promoter who owned and operated Extreme Championship Wrestling during the 1990s; in Scarsdale, New York
**Bashar al-Assad, 19th President of Syria since 2000 and son of former president Hafez al-Assad; in Damascus
**Moby (stage name for Richard Melville Hall), American musician; in Harlem, New York

September 12, 1965 (Sunday)

*An American Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave helicopter, designated as a "Deuce" from its variant name as the HR-2S, became the first aircraft to lift another aircraft in a retrieval operation. The cargo was a U.S. Marine helicopter that had crashed about 15 miles from the U.S. airfield at Chu Lai in South Vietnam, and the Deuce carried the cargo back to Chu Lai.
*The first of 20,000 troops of the U.S. Army's air mobile 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrived at Qui Nhon in South Vietnam, as the U.S. presence pushed toward over 100,000 servicemen.
*The 1965 Italian Grand Prix was held at Monza and was won by Jackie Stewart in 2:04:52, four seconds ahead of Graham Hill.
*Born: Einstein Kristiansen, Norwegian cartoonist, designer, and TV host; as Øistein Kristiansen in Greåker

September 13, 1965 (Monday)

*Two days of voting concluded in elections in Norway as the Norwegian Labor Party ('' Norske Arbeiderparti'') lost six seats as well as its 30 years of control of the 150-seat ''Storting'', and Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen was forced to yield to a coalition of four non-socialist parties. Although Labor still had a plurality of seats (68, or 43.1%), its opposition combined for 80 seats. The conservative, liberal, and moderate parties ('' Høyre'', '' Venstre'', and ''Senterpartiet'', literally "right", "left", and "center") were supplemented by the '' Kristeleg Folkeparti'' (Christian People's Party) in opposition to ''Arbeiderparti'' rule. The moderate ''Senterpartiet'' leader, Per Borten, was selected as the compromise choice as the new prime minister.
* Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants hit his 500th home run, becoming only the fifth Major League Baseball player to do so, and the first African-American to enter the "500 Club". He accomplished the feat against pitcher Don Nottebart in a 5-1 win over the host Houston Astros, and would finish the season with 52 homers and a second Most Valuable Player award from the National League. Mays would have 660 home runs at the close of his career in 1973.
*King Mwambutsa IV appointed Léopold Biha, a member of the Tutsi tribe, as the new Prime Minister of Burundi, despite a recent victory by Hutu members in the July 1965 parliamentary elections, triggering an attempted coup by the Hutus and a violent uprising.
*In Moscow, the KGB arrested Soviet dissident writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, who were charged with violations of Article 70 of the Criminal Code for anti-Soviet propaganda.
*President Fernando Belaúnde Terry appointed Daniel Becerra de la Flor as the Prime Minister of Peru, following the resignation of Fernando Schwalb López Aldana.
* Azusa Pacific College began its first classes after the merger of Azusa College with the smaller Los Angeles Pacific College.
*Canada's Governor General, George Vanier, officially opened the Toronto City Hall.
*Born: Zak Starkey, English rock drummer who appeared with The Who and Oasis, and the first child of Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr; in Hammersmith, West London
*Died: Angelo Patri, 88, Italian-born American educator and newspaper columnist

September 14, 1965 (Tuesday)

*The fourth and final session of the Second Vatican Council opened with an announcement by Pope Paul VI that he would name a multinational advisory board of clergy, the Synod of Bishops, to assist him in governing the Roman Catholic Church. Marking the first time in the Church's history that it had adopted the principle of collegiality, the Pope would clarify the details the next day in a papal letter, ''Apostolica Sollicitudo''.
* NASA selected the Perkin-Elmer and Chrysler corporations to study feasibility of including optical-technology experiments, particularly lasers and large telescopes, in future extended Apollo flights. NASA was also interested in optical communication in deep space, the effects of space environment on optical systems, and related experiments. The program would be directed by Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).
*New American television shows making their premiere were the Western comedy '' F Troop'' on ABC, and the television adaptation of Jean Kerr's ''Please Don't Eat the Daisies'', and the poorly received reincarnation fantasy comedy ''My Mother the Car'', both on NBC.
*Born: Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia from 2008 to 2012, and Prime Minister of Russia from 2012 to 2020; in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)
*Died: J. W. Hearne, 74, English cricketeer who was a batsman for the England test cricket team between 1911 and 1926

September 15, 1965 (Wednesday)

*Legislative elections were held in South-West Africa (now Namibia). Only 37,264 adults were eligible to vote in the South African administered population of 526,000 people; registered voters were drawn from the roughly 74,000 white people who accounted for 14% of the residents. For the fourth time since 1950, the National Party of South-West Africa won the vast majority of seats in the legislative assembly, capturing 16 of the 18 available.
*Central American University (Universidad Centroamericana or UCA) was inaugurated as the first private college in El Salvador, on Salvadoran Independence Day. It would be named for 19th Century Jesuit theologian and abolitionist José Simeón Cañas.
*Television shows that made their premiere on the same evening were rural comedy ''Green Acres'' and science fiction drama '' Lost in Space'' on CBS, spy drama '' I Spy'' on NBC, and Western drama ''The Big Valley'' on ABC.
*Died: Steve Brown, 75, American jazz musician

September 16, 1965 (Thursday)

*Only 11 days after he had been appointed as the new Prime Minister of Iraq, Brigadier General Arif Abd ar-Razzaq made an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government of President Abdul Salam Arif while the President was in Morocco attending the Arab summit conference. The President's brother, Army Chief of Staff Abdul Rahman Arif, learned of Razzaq's intentions, and Iraqi Army troops were waiting at key locations when rebel soldiers arrived to carry out plans. According to reports, Razzaq's followers were stopped from seizing the radio station in Baghdad, where they had planned to announce the nation's merger with the Egypt-based United Arab Republic.
* U.S. Air Force Lt. Colonel Robinson Risner, described as "one of America's top heroes of the Vietnamese air war" for his heroism in an April 3 mission, was shot down over North Vietnam. Risner would spend more than seven years as a prisoner of war, frequently tortured and kept in solitary confinement, but would become a leader of his fellow POWs. He would later write of his experiences in his autobiography, ''The Passing of the Night: My Seven Years as a Prisoner of the North Vietnamese''.
*In Delano, California, more than 1,000 members of the mostly Hispanic National Farm Workers Association met at a Catholic church hall to consider whether to join in the walkout by Philippine-American grape pickers. After hearing the call by Cesar Chavez to unite with the cause of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee strikers, the NFWA members voted unanimously to join in the demand for an increase of wages to $1.40 an hour.
*All five of New York City's major daily newspapers were closed down as the American Newspaper Guild called a strike against '' The New York Times'', and union members followed suit at the ''New York Daily News'', the '' New York Herald-Tribune'', the ''New York Journal-American'', and the '' New York World-Telegram''.
*Jazz musician and composer Duke Ellington performed his first Concert of Sacred Music, realizing a dream of creating religiously-themed music "invoking God and propagating faith". The premiere took place at the Grace Cathedral in San Francisco.
*Died: Fred Quimby, 79, American animated film producer and winner of seven Academy Awards for his work on the '' Tom and Jerry'' series of short films. He died 9 days before the premiere of the Saturday morning TV cartoon series.

September 17, 1965 (Friday)

*Communist China delivered an ultimatum to India, demanding that it pull its troops out of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim by the end of Sunday, or face "grave consequences". One of India's envoys to Beijing received an order shortly after midnight, summoning him to China's Foreign Ministry, where a Chinese official handed him the note. At the time, Sikkim was a protectorate of India, with independence over its internal affairs, and bordered the Chinese-controlled Buddhist monarchy in Tibet.
*All thirty people on board Pan Am Flight 292 were killed when the Boeing 707 flew into the side of Chances Peak on the island of Montserrat. Flying through a thunderstorm toward Antigua, the plane had taken off from Fort-de-France in Martinique with 21 passengers and a crew of nine en route to an eventual destination of New York City, by way of Antigua, St. Croix, and San Juan, Puerto Rico.
*The CBS television network premiered three new series, sci-fi Western ''The Wild Wild West'', German POW camp comedy ''Hogan's Heroes'', and the comedy variety program '' The Smothers Brothers Show''. Of these, ''Hogan's Heroes'' would be the most successful, running for 167 episodes over six seasons.
*Stephanos Stephanopoulos was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of Greece in less than two months, after King Constantine II asked him to form a new government.
*Born:
** Yuji Naka, Japanese video game designer, and co-creator of the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series; in Hirakata, Osaka
** Kyle Chandler, American film and TV actor; in Buffalo, New York

September 18, 1965 (Saturday)

*Comet Ikeya-Seki was first sighted, by two Japanese amateur astronomers working independently of each other. Kaoru Ikeya, a 21 year old employee of a piano factory, was an amateur enjoying an early Saturday morning watching the skies through a homemade 8-inch reflecting telescope, while Tsutomu Seki was a 34 year old guitar instructor. Ikeya, who had discovered two comets in the past, sent a telegram to the University of Tokyo observatory, announcing that he had spotted an object moving through the area of the Hydra constellation, and Seki spotted the same object 15 minutes later.
*A team of divers, led by treasure-hunter Alex Storm, located the wreckage of the French supply ship ''Le Chameau'', a little more than 240 years after the vessel sank in the Atlantic Ocean off of Canada's Atlantic coast. With 310 people on board and a large supply of gold and silver coins sent to pay workers in Nova Scotia, ''Le Chameau'' went down off of the coast of Louisbourg. Storm and his team, who found the wreckage about underwater, would eventually be awarded three-fourths of the treasure by the Nova Scotia provincial courts.
*In Denmark, small-time criminal Palle Sørensen shot and killed four policemen who were pursuing him; he was apprehended the next day. Danish law changed as a result of the incident.
* John McKellar's comedy revue ''A Cup of Tea, a Bex and a Good Lie Down'' opened at the Phillip Street Theatre, Sydney, Australia.
*The NBC television network unveiled two new series, fantasy comedy ''I Dream of Jeannie'' and spy spoof '' Get Smart''.
*Died: Marshall Field IV, 49, American publisher, owner of the '' Chicago Sun-Times'' and board chairman of the Field Enterprises syndicate of comic strips and newspaper columns.

September 19, 1965 (Sunday)

* Pakistan's President Mohammed Ayub Khan, and Foreign Minister (later Prime Minister) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto traveled secretly to the People's Republic of China to discuss the prospects of China's assistance during the war against India. According to two of Ayub Khan's confidants, China's leaders, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai promised military support, under the condition that Pakistan fight a prolonged war that would wear down India, even with the expectation that Pakistan's second largest city, Lahore, would come under India's control. As one historian would write later, "Ayub did not want a long war— his plan had been predicated on a quick victory— and he certainly was not willing to sacrifice Lahore," choosing instead to agree to a ceasefire four days later.
*In elections for West Germany's 518-seat '' Bundestag'', the CDU/CSU alliance of the Christian Democrats and Christian Socialists maintained its control of the representative house of parliament, winning 47.6 percent of the vote, giving it 251 seats, and ensuring that Ludwig Erhard would remain Chancellor. The runner-up was Willy Brandt's Social Democratic Party.
* King Hussein of Jordan had his third meeting with an official of the government of Israel, at the highest level up that time between an Arab nation and the Jewish state, conferring with Foreign Minister (and future prime minister) Golda Meir.
*Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin invited the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in the Soviet Union to negotiate an end to their ongoing war in Kashmir.
*In its 18th season on television, '' The Ed Sullivan Show'' was broadcast in color for the first time, after 17 years in black-and-white.
*Born:
** Tim Scott, African-American Republican politician, U.S. Congressman 2009 to 2013, and U.S. Senator for South Carolina since 2013; in North Charleston, South Carolina
** Sunita Pandya Williams, American astronaut on five missions, known for spending more time in outer space (321 days) than any other woman; in Euclid, Ohio
** Tshering Tobgay, 7th Prime Minister of Bhutan since 2013; in Haa, Bhutan
** Sabine Paturel, French pop music singer; in Toulon
*Died: Balwantrai Mehta, 66, 2nd Chief Minister of Gujarat state in India, was killed along with his wife, three staffmembers, a reporter, and two pilots when the plane that he was flying in was shot down by a Pakistan Air Force pilot.

September 20, 1965 (Monday)

*Two Shenyang J-6 jet fighters from China's People's Liberation Army Air Force shot down an American F-104C Starfighter and captured its pilot, USAF Captain Philip E. Smith, when Smith strayed over the mainland in the Guangdong Province's Leizhou Peninsula after flying over China's island Hainan Province. A U.S. spokesman said that Smith had radioed that he had been having difficulty with his navigational equipment prior to ejecting. Captain Smith would spend more than seven years in solitary confinement in a Chinese prison until being released along with North Vietnamese prisoners of war in 1973.
*In the United Nations Security Council, the Soviet Union and the United States joined the three other permanent members in unanimous approval of Resolution 211, demanding that India and Pakistan begin a cease-fire no later than 0700 hours UTC on September 22 (noon in Pakistan and 12:30 p.m. in India), and to withdraw their troops back to the locations where they had been prior to August 5. Unlike two resolutions earlier in the month, the UN directive would be agreed to by both warring parties.
* Manned Spacecraft Center announced that Neil A. Armstrong would be command pilot and David R. Scott would be pilot for Gemini 8. The backup crew would be Charles Conrad, Jr., and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Gemini 8 was planned to include practice on rendezvous and docking maneuvers and a space walk that could last as long as one Earth orbit, about 95 minutes.

September 21, 1965 (Tuesday)

*Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu, the Sultan of Terengganu, became the new Head of State for Malaysia, under the unique system where one of the sultans of the constituent states of Malaysia serves a five-year term as the nation's monarch, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
* Singapore, which had separated from Malaysia only six weeks earlier, became one of the three new members of the United Nations, bringing the number of member nations to 117. The other two nations were the Gambia and the Maldives.
*The bishops assembled at the Second Vatican Council voted 1,997 to 224 to approve the proposed Declaration on Religious Freedom.
*Born:
**Darva Conger, former emergency department nurse who in 2000 was selected as the winner of the reality television show '' Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?''; in Carbondale, Illinois
**Johanna Vuoksenmaa, Finnish film director and screenwriter; in Hämeenlinna
** Cheryl Hines, American actress and comedian; in Miami Beach, Florida

September 22, 1965 (Wednesday)

*At 2:00 in the morning in New York, Pakistan Foreign Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto appeared before the United Nations Security Council and read a statement from President Ayub Khan, reluctantly agreeing to a ceasefire in the war with India over Kashmir. Bhutto, who had flown from London, demanded that the UN oversee a plebiscite in both the Pakistani and Indian occupied Kashmir territory so that the predominantly Muslim population could vote on which nation to join, and said that Pakistan was prepared to withdraw from the international organization if a solution was not reached. "Kashmir is more a part of Pakistan than India," he said in a speech, "in people, in blood, flesh and life, in culture and in history. We are fighting a war imposed upon us by India."
*United Air Lines Flight 881 was arriving in Des Moines, Iowa from Chicago when its front windshield was shattered in a bird strike that injured the pilot, the co-pilot, and the flight engineer, sending all three men to the hospital. The four-engine DC-6 apparently collided with a large hawk at about 10:40 p.m., ten miles from the runway, knocking a 12-inch by 6-inch hole in the window, and the cabin quickly depressurized, but the crew was able to bring the 69 passengers in for a safe landing.
*Radio Peking announced that Indian troops had dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border. However, a spokesman for the Indian government told the Reuters news agency that India never had anything to dismantle, saying "We have not crossed into Tibet and we have not torn down anything."
*U.S. President Johnson signed the Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965 into law, signalling the beginning of his administration's declared "War on Crime". The legislation had been approved unanimously by both the House of Representatives on August 2 (326–0) and by the Senate on a voice vote.
*The U.S. Senate voted, 76 to 18, to approve the Hart-Celler Act, a major reform in the American law on immigration. A different version of the legislation, which increased the diversity of the incoming population of immigrants to the U.S., had passed the House of Representatives on August 25, 318–95.
*Richard Casey, known officially as Lord Casey of Berwick, became the first native Australian to become Governor-General of Australia

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