Teletext A British Ceefax football index page from October 2009, showing the three-digit page numbers for a variety of football news stories Teletext, or broadcast teletext, is a standard for displaying text and rudimentary graphics on suitably equipp ...

(or "broadcast teletext") is a

television Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertisin ...

information retrieval service developed in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

in the early 1970s. It offers a range of text-based information, typically including national, international and sporting news, weather and TV schedules.

Subtitle Subtitles and captions are lines of dialogue or other text displayed at the bottom of the screen in films, television programs, video games or other visual media. They can be transcriptions of the screenplay, translations of it, or informati ...

(or

closed captioning Closed captioning (CC) and subtitling are both processes of displaying text on a television, video screen, or other visual display to provide additional or interpretive information. Both are typically used as a transcription of the audio por ...

) information is also transmitted in the teletext signal, typically on page 888 or 777. A number of similar teletext services were developed in other countries, some of which attempted to address the limitations of the British-developed system, with its simple graphics and fixed page sizes. This is an incomplete list of teletext services available on different television channels around the world:

Countries with functioning teletext services

Albania

* Top-Channel * TVSH * Mediaset * RAI

Austria

* ORF Text (

ORF1 ORF 1 (''ORF eins'') is an Austrian public television channel owned by ORF. It was the first television channel in Austria, started in 1955. ORF 1 is one of four public TV channels in Austria. It is funded by a mixture of advertising revenue an ...

, ORF2, ORF3) * ORF Sport Text (

ORF Sport Plus ORF Sport + is an Austrian sports channel owned by the public service broadcaster, ORF. The channel is available via satellite Astra 1KR, on 19.2°E, cable and DVB-T, in Austria and parts of Europe. History Before the launch of ORF Sport Plus on ...

) * TW1 Text ( TW1) * 3satText (

3sat In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfie ...

) * ATV TEXT (

ATV ATV may refer to: Broadcasting * Amateur television *Analog television Television stations and companies * Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra * ATV (Armenia) * ATV (Aruba), NBC affiliate * ATV (Australian TV station), Melbourne * ATV (Austria) * AT ...

) * Puls 4 Text ( Puls 4) * Sat1 Österreich Text (Sat 1 Österreich) * ProSieben Text Austria ( Pro 7 Österreich) * kabel eins text Austria ( Kabel 1 Österreich) * RTLtext AT ( RTL Österreich) * RTL II TEXT AT (RTL 2) * Austria 9 Text (Austria 9)

Belgium

Available via DVB-T

* RTBF-Teletexte (

RTBF The ''Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française'' (RTBF, ''Belgian Radio-television of the French Community'', branded as rtbf.be) is a public service broadcaster delivering radio and television services to the French-speaking Commu ...

)

Defunct service

* VRT-Teletekst ( VRT. Service ended 1 June 2016)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

* BHT1 Text (

BHT1 BHT1 is a Bosnian national public mainstream TV channel operated by Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHRT). The channel broadcasts on a daily basis for 20 hours in one of the two alphabets ( Bosnian Latin alphabet and Bosnian Cyr ...

) - main state level public TV channel in Bosnia and Herzegovina * FTV Text ( FTV) - entity level public TV channel * RTRS Text ( RTRS) - entity level public TV channel * * * * *

Croatia

* HTV TTXT ( Croatian Radiotelevision) * Nova Text ( Nova TV) * RTL Text ( RTL Televizija) *

Czech Republic

* Teletext ČT * Teletext

Nova A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...

* Prima Teletext * Prima Cool Teletext * Prima Love Teletext * Teletext TV Óčko * Teletext TV Barrandov

Denmark

* DR Tekst-TV ( Danmarks Radio) * TV2 Tekst-TV (

TV2 Channel 2 or TV 2 may refer to: Television networks, channels and stations *Channel 2 (Iran), operated by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting *Channel 2 (Israel), a commercial television station *, entertainment and music television in Latvia * ...

Adopted digital teletext, but abandoned the service in 2019) * Viasat Tekst-TV (

Viasat Viasat may refer to: *Viasat (American company) (founded 1986) * Viasat (Nordic television service) (founded 1991) * Danish 1st Division, officially Viasat Divisionen, second-highest football league in Denmark * Viasat Cup, 2006 Danish football to ...

) In fact, almost all TV channels in Denmark have teletext (called tekst-TV). Some of those services are entirely in Danish, while international channels (

Discovery Channel Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. , Discovery Channe ...

, Animal Planet etc.) share their teletext with the other Scandinavian countries.

Finland

The Finnish national public broadcaster Yle has its own Teletext (Yle Teksti-TV). It shows news, sport and programme information round the clock. Theme pages on the weather, traffic, work and leisure. Teksti-TV also has news in English on page 190. * Yle Teksti-TV ( Yle) * MTV3 Tekstikanava ( MTV3) * TekstiNelonen ( Nelonen) * Subteksti (

Sub Sub is a common abbreviation of words beginning with the prefix "sub-". Sub or SUB may also refer to Places * Juanda International Airport, Surabaya, Indonesia, IATA code SUB Computing and technology * , an HTML tag for subscript * SUB designate ...

) (defunct)

France

In France, where the SECAM standard is used in television broadcasting, a teletext system was developed in the late 1970s under the name ''Antiope''. It had a higher data rate and was capable of dynamic page sizes, allowing more sophisticated graphics. It was phased out in favour of standard teletext in 1991. A lot of French channels have teletext left only for subtitling. Here some with a complete text: *

TF1 TF1 (; standing for ''Télévision Française 1'') is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network. TF1 is par ...

* France 2 * France 3 * Canal+ (subtitles only) * France 5 * Arte * M6 (subtitles only)

Germany

Almost all German TV stations have teletext. Here is a small selection: * ARD (and all regional broadcasters) * ZDF: (

ZDF ZDF (, short for Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen; ; "Second German Television") is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all fe ...

, ZDFneo, ZDFinfo) * ARD & ZDF: KiKa, Phoenix *

RTL Deutschland RTL Deutschland (formerly known as ''Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland'') is a German media company based in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in 2007 as a holding company for the German television, broadcasting and content production ...

: ( RTL, VOX, RTL II, ... and others) *

ProSiebenSat.1 ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media & digital company. It operates in three segments: Entertainment, Dating and Commerce & Ventures. The company is listed on the Fran ...

: (

ProSieben ProSieben (, ''sieben'' is German for "seven"; often stylized as Pro7) is a German free-to-air television network owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media. It was launched on 1 January 1989. It is Germany's second-largest privately owned television company ...

Sat.1 Sat.1 is a German free-to-air television channel that is a part of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media Group. It is considered the first privately owned television network in Germany, having been launched in January 1984 as ''PKS'' ''(Programmgesellschaf ...

, kabel eins, ... and others) * Tele 5 *

Sport1 Sport1 may refer to the following TV channels: * Sport1 (Eastern Europe) * Sport1 (Germany) * Sport1 (Lithuania) * Sport1 (Netherlands), now Ziggo Sport Totaal * Sport 1 (Russian TV channel) Match! Arena ( rus, Матч! Арена), formerly ...

Welt Welt, welts or variants may refer to: Media * ''Die Welt'' (''The World''), a German national newspaper ** ''Welt am Sonntag'' (''World on Sunday''), the Sunday edition of ''Die Welt'' * ''Die Welt'', former weekly newspaper in Vienna, Austria * ...

* ... and others

Greece

NERIT New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television ( el, Νέα Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία, Ίντερνετ και Τηλεόραση) or NERIT (ΝΕΡΙΤ) was the state-owned public broadcasting, public broadcaster for Greece from 4 May 20 ...

(State television channels N1, N Sports) * Mediatext ( Mega Channel, Star Channel, Sports TV, Extra3) * Newsphone Hellas ( ANT1, Alpha TV, Alter Channel, MAD TV) * Metromedia Group (Vergina, Nickelodeon, Rise, Smile, Nickelodeon Plus, Super TV Halkidiki, Ionian Channel, Atlas TV)

Hungary

* m1Text ( m1) * m2Text ( m2) * TV2 Text (

) * Klub text (

RTL Klub RTL (formerly: RTL Klub) is a Hungarian free-to-air television channel owned by RTL Group. The channel began broadcasting three days after its main rival TV2, one of Hungary's first commercial TV channels. History Since its start, RTL Klub ...

) * Viasat 3 (

Viasat 3 Viasat 3 is a Hungarian TV channel. It began broadcasting on October 23, 2000. Viasat 3 aired Hungary's first reality show in 2001 called ''A Bár'' ( The Bar). In 2015, the Sony Pictures Television acquired the Hungarian Viasat channels from ...

)

Iceland

* RÚV textavarp (Icelandic public TV station RÚV) available to view a
Textavarp.is

Ireland

RTÉ Aertel RTÉ Aertel is a teletext service broadcast on RTÉ One and RTÉ2 in Ireland. It was also available in its entirety on the Internet until 2019. History The teletext service began development in the mid-1980s (with tests as early as 1985) and was ...

( RTÉ One and RTÉ Two) Still available in "analogue" on Sky in January 2019. Provided in "digital" on Saorview,

Defunct services

threetext Virgin Media One, also called Virgin One, is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland (part of Liberty Global), operated through its subsidiary Virgin Media Television. The channel was known until 30 August 2 ...

(

TV3 Channel 3 or TV 3 may refer to: Television *Canal 3 (Burkina Faso), a commercial television channel in Burkina Faso *Canal 3 (Guatemala), a commercial television channel in Guatemala *Channel 3 (Algeria), a public Algerian TV channel owned by EPTV ...

, 2001 - 201?) *

Téacs TG4 Téacs TG4 is the name of the Teletext service offered by the Irish-language television channel TG4 which has been operating since 1996 and produced by Europus a Galway-based Irish Language Consultancy service, who also provide subtitling servic ...

(

TG4 TG4 ( ga, TG Ceathair, ) is an Irish free-to-air public service television network. The channel launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond. TG4 was formerly known a ...

) (1999 - 20??)

Italy

State-owned RAI launched its Teletext service, called Televideo, in 1984. *

Televideo TeleVideo Corporation was a U.S. company that achieved its peak of success in the early 1980s producing computer terminals. TeleVideo was founded in 1975 by K. Philip Hwang, a Utah State University, Hanyang University graduate born in South Kore ...

( RAI)

Defunct services

MTV Video was active between 2000 and 2010, while "LA7 Video", the Teletext service of La7, was launched in 2001 but discontinued in 2014. Mediaset, the main commercial broadcaster, launched its Mediavideo Teletext in 1997 (discontinued in 2022). * La7Video ( La7) * MTVVideo (

MTV MTV (Originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable channel that launched on August 1, 1981. Based in New York City, it serves as the flagship property of the MTV Entertainment Group, part of Paramount Media Networks, a di ...

) *

Mediavideo ''Mediavideo'' was the teletext service broadcast on the primary Mediaset television channels (Rete 4, Canale 5, Italia 1) in Italy. References

Television in Italy {{Italy-tv-stub ...

(

Mediaset Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former ...

)

Latvia

* TV3.lv ( TV3 Latvia)

Defunct service

* Latvian Television used to have teletext, but as of March 2007, it is closed.

Luxembourg

* RTL Text ( RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg)

Netherlands

The Netherlands has run a regular Teletext service since the end of 1977 on the public broadcasting channels, and the commercial and regional channels that were later introduced also have their own services. Some of these channels also run Tekst-TV, which broadcasts a selection of their teletext pages as a regular TV broadcast, using improved fonts and background graphics, when no normal programming is shown. * Fox Sports * NOS Teletekst ( NPO 1, NPO 2 and NPO 3) * Omroep Brabant * Omrop Fryslân Text * RTV Drenthe *

RTV Oost The Dutch public broadcasting system ( nl, Nederlands publieke omroepbestel) is a group of organizations that are responsible for public service television and radio broadcasting in the Netherlands. It is composed of the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep ...

TV Gelderland TV Gelderland is a regional public TV station for the Dutch province of Gelderland. Omroep Gelderland launched its channel in 1996. The regional news bulletin called ''TV Gelderland Nieuws'' is broadcast daily live at 13.00 and 18:00, repeated ev ...

Teletekst

Subtitling only

* RTL Nederland Text (

RTL 4 RTL 4 (Radio Télévision Luxembourg 4) is a Dutch free-to-air, free-to-cable television channel; it is the most-watched commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL 4 is a general entertainment chan ...

, RTL 5,

RTL7 RTL 7 is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel that was launched as ''Veronica'' on 1 September 1995. RTL 7 is RTL Nederland's "men's channel" with action films, reality television about crime and professions, soccer, motorsport and talk sho ...

and

RTL 8 RTL 8 is a Dutch free-to-air, free-to-cable television channel that was launched on 18 August 2007 replacing Tien (TV channel), Tien, previously known as Talpa. RTL 8's main target audience consists of women. It broadcasts soap operas, talk shows ...

) * SBS Text (NET5 Text, SBS6 Text, Veronica Text. Main teletext service ended 1 January 2018.)

Norway

Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation NRK, an abbreviation of the Norwegian ''Norsk Rikskringkasting AS'', generally expressed in English as the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, is the Norwegian government-owned radio and television public broadcasting company, and the largest ...

: NRK Tekst-TV * TV 2: TV 2 Text *

TVNorge TVNorge (literally "TVNorway"; originally abbreviated TVN, now just abbreviated N in the logos) is a Norwegian television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA. History TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first adver ...

Pakistan

* PTV Teletext service

Poland

* Telegazeta ( Telewizja Polska) * Gazeta TV Polsat ( Polsat) * Gazeta TV4 ( TV4) * Telestrony ( TVN) * Mediatext 5 ( Tele5) * Mediatext 1P (

Polonia 1 Polonia 1 is one of the first Polish commercial television channels, consisting at first of a network of 12 (and - for a short time - even 13) local TV stations in bigger cities. The station was established by Sardinian businessman Nicola Grauso, ...

) *

4fun.tv 4Fun.tv is a free-to-air 24-hour Polish language music video channel launched on February 14, 2004. History On November 27, 2003, ''Nova Communications'' (later ''4fun Media'') signed a satellite transmission agreement with Canal+ Sp. z o.o. f ...

Text

Portugal

* RTP Texto ( Rádio e Televisão de Portugal) * SIC Teletexto ( SIC) * Teletexto TVI ( TVI)

Romania

* Teletext TVR (

TVR 1 TVR 1 (; spelled out as ''Televiziunea Română 1'', "Romanian Television 1") is the main channel of the Romanian public broadcaster TVR. The most important show of the channel is Jurnalul TVR, whose motto is ("The news journal as it should b ...

TVR 2 TVR 2 (, spelled out as ''Televiziunea Română 2'', "Romanian Television 2") is the second channel of the public broadcaster TVR. The channel was launched on May 2, 1968, but it was suspended from January 20, 1985, until February 19, 1990. Fr ...

TVR 3 TVR 3 ( ro, TVR Trei, ) is the sixth channel of the Romanian public broadcaster, launched on 10 October 2008. It is a generalist channel, centered on reflecting regional events. It will use reports from all of its territorial (regional) studios ...

, TVRi) * Pro Text (

Pro TV PRO TV (, often stylized as PRO•TV as of 2017) is a Romanian free-to-air television network, launched on 1 December 1995 as the fourth private TV channel in the country (after TV SOTI, Antena 1, and the now-defunct Tele7ABC). It is owned by CME ...

Pro 2 Pro is an abbreviation meaning "professional". Pro, PRO or variants thereof may also refer to: People * Miguel Pro (1891–1927), Mexican priest * Pro Hart (1928–2006), Australian painter * Mlungisi Mdluli (born 1980), South African retired ...

, Pro Gold, Pro Cinema,

Pro X Pro is an abbreviation meaning "professional". Pro, PRO or variants thereof may also refer to: People * Miguel Pro (1891–1927), Mexican priest * Pro Hart (1928–2006), Australian painter * Mlungisi Mdluli (born 1980), South African retired ...

PRO TV Internațional Pro is an abbreviation meaning "professional". Pro, PRO or variants thereof may also refer to: People * Miguel Pro (1891–1927), Mexican priest * Pro Hart (1928–2006), Australian painter * Mlungisi Mdluli (born 1980), South African retired ...

) * CNM Text ( Național TV,

Național 24 Plus Național 24 Plus is a Romania, Romanian free-to-air channel, owned by Centrul Național Media, which is a trust owned by Micula Brothers. Until January 7, 2010, it was named as N24 and it was a 24-hour news channel. It was named as N24 Plus from ...

Favorit TV Favorit may refer to: * Berliner Fußball-Club Favorit, a German football club succeeded by VfL Nord Berlin following World War II * '' El Favorit'', a Catalan spin-off of the TV show ''100 Greatest Britons'' * Favorit FM, a Romanian radio stati ...

, CineEst, Boomerang, TV Market) * Antena Group Teletext (

Antena 1 Antena 1 may refer to: *Antena 1 (Portugal) Antena 1 is one of the three national radio channels produced by the Portuguese public broadcasting entity Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, the others being Antena 2 and Antena 3. Antena 1 has a g ...

Antena Stars Antena Stars is a Romanian TV channel. It started broadcasting on 9 April 2007 and it is a part of the Intact group, owned by the family of the Romanian businessman and politician Dan Voiculescu. On 16 December 2013, at 19:02 EET "Eet" is a ...

Antena 3 Antena 3 may refer to: * Antena 3 (Portugal), a national radio channel produced by the Portuguese public broadcasting entity Rádio e Televisão de Portugal *Antena 3 (Romania), a Romanian television channel owned by Intact Media Group *Antena 3 (Sp ...

, Happy Channel,

ZU TV INTACT is the first Romanian media group based entirely on a private local business. A considerable number of the most important propaganda brands in the audio-visual and print industry have been launched under this umbrella since its first produ ...

)

Russia

* Channel One * Russia 1 (subtitles only) *

Match TV Match TV (russian: Матч ТВ) is a Russian federal sports channel owned by Gazprom Media. The channel began broadcasting on November 1, 2015 and was created in accordance with the order of Russian president Vladimir Putin, with the assista ...

(subtitles only) * NTV * Channel 5 *

Russia K Russia-K (russian: Россия Культура, translit=Rossiya Kul'tura "Russia - Culture") is a Russian nationwide not-for-profit television channel that broadcasts shows regarding arts and culture. It belongs to the state-controlled VGTRK ...

(subtitles only) * Karusel (subtitles only) *

REN TV REN TV (russian: РЕН ТВ) is a Russian free-to-air television network, was founded on 1 January 1997 by Irena Lesnevskaya and her son, Dmitry Lesnevsky, who had been running REN TV as a production house for other national Russian television ...

(subtitles only) * CENTR-INFO ( TV Center) *

STS STS, or sts, may refer to: Medicine * Secondary traumatic stress, a condition which leads to a diminished ability to empathize * Sequence-tagged site, a gene-reference in genomics * Soft-tissue sarcoma * Staurosporine, an antibiotic * STS (gen ...

(subtitles only) * Domashny (subtitles only) * TV-3 (subtitles only) * Friday! (subtitles only) * Zvezda (subtitles only) * TNT (subtitles only) * 2x2 (subtitles only) * Mir (subtitles only) * Soyuz (subtitles only) * Che! (subtitles only) * STS LOVE (subtitles only) * TNT4 (subtitles only) * Kuhnya TV (subtitles only) * Auto Plus (subtitles only) * Animal Planet (subtitles only) * Nickelodeon (subtitles only) * IZ.RU (subtitles only) * Muzika Pervogo (subtitles only) * Super! (subtitles only) * Match! Strana (subtitles only)

Defunct services

* 1 kanal Ostankino * ORT * 4 kanal Ostankino * Rossiskije University * RTR * MTV Russia (2006-2008) * 2x2 * Russia-Kuban * Peterburgksiy teletext (TNT-Peterburg, Peterburg - 5 kanal, Regionalnoe televidenie) * Sevastopolskiy teletext (NTS) * Nizhegorodskiy teletext (NTR, NNTV, ORT) * Prima-TV * Stolitca * 31 kanal * TV-6 * MTK * Sluzhba Teletext ( M1)

Serbia

* TeletextB92 ( B92) * Prva Teletekst ( Prva Srpska Televizija) * Happy teletext Happy TV * Pink Teletekst ( RTV Pink) * RTS Teletekst ( RTS1, RTS2) * RTV Teletekst ( RTV1 RTV2) * Sport Klub TXT * RTV Studio B TXT * Arena Sport Teletext (

Arena Sport Arena Sport is a regional pay television sports network. It consists of ten television channels and is coverage area includes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia. Localised feeds Serbia Are ...

Defunct services

* BK Videotext (

BKTV RTV BK Telekom (Serbian Cyrillic: Радио Телевизија Браћа Карић Телеком) was a privately owned radio and television company based in Belgrade, Serbia. It functioned as a revenue-generating media outlet with a "G" ra ...

) * Super TV Teletext (Super TV) * Enter Teletext (TV Enter) * 3K Text (RTS 3K) * Avala text ( Avala)

Slovakia

*STV text (

Slovenská televízia Slovenská televízia (; "Slovak Television"; STV) was a state-owned public television organisation in Slovakia. It was created in 1991 as the Slovak part of the former Czechoslovak Television and was headquartered in Bratislava. It was funded f ...

) *markiza-text ( Markíza) *JOJ text ( TV JOJ)

South Africa

* Teledata (only available on SABC 2; rarely updated)

Spain

* Teletexto RTVE ( Televisión Española) (Since 1988) * Teletexto de Antena 3 Televisión

teletext * Cuatro teletext * Telecinco teletext * Teletexto de La Sexta Televisión ( laSexta) * Televisió de Catalunya Catalan public television

Defunct services

Telemadrid Telemadrid is a public regional television station in the Community of Madrid, Spain, the flagship channel of the regional public broadcaster Radio Televisión Madrid (RTVM). It began its broadcast on 2 May 1989. History First years Telemadr ...

(1991-2013) * Teletexto TVG (

Televisión de Galicia Televisión de Galicia (; "Television of Galicia"; abbreviated as TVG), commonly known as A Galega ("The Galician ne), is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión de Galicia S.A., the television subsidiary of ...

- 1995–2018)

Sweden

* SVT Text (

Sveriges Television Sveriges Television AB ("Sweden's Television Stock Company"), shortened to SVT (), is the Sweden, Swedish national public broadcasting, public television broadcaster, funded by a public service tax on personal income set by the Riksdag (national ...

)

Defunct services

* Kanal 5 Text ( Kanal 5) * TV3 Text (

) * TV6 Text ( TV6) * TV4 Text ( TV4)

Switzerland

* TELETEXT (Made by SWISS TXT for all national TV stations, including SF, TSR and TSI). * 3+ TEXT ( 3+) * RTL II TEXT CH(RTL 2) * SSF TEXT ( Schweizer Sportfernsehen)

Turkey

* Telegün (

TRT The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT; Turkish : ) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964. TRT was for many years the only television and radio provider in Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio i ...

) The Teletext is available online a
(Telegün)

Defunct services

* D Text ( Kanal D) * ShowText (

Show TV Show TV is a nationwide television channel in Turkey owned by Albayrak Holding since 2018, acquired from Sadık Albayrak which in turn seized from Ciner Media Group after Turgay Ciner was forced to sell due to tax debts. The channel replaces Cine ...

) * Start Text ( Star TV) * AText (

)

Ukraine

* INTERTEXT (The Teletext on Inter Media Group TV channels, also is available on-line a
Інтертекст

Vietnam

* DN2-Asia first Vietnamese language teletext

Countries with no teletext services

Worldwide

* BBCfax ( BBC World), 1991–2012) * CNN text ( CNN), 1993–2006) * TV5 text ( TV5Monde), 1993–2013)

Australia

* Austext ( Seven Network) (1982–30 September 2009)

Belarus

* Beltek (

Belarus-1 Belarus 1 ( be, Беларусь 1) is a state-owned television channel in Belarus. It is the oldest television channel in the country. The channel is on air from 6:00 am to 2:00 am on the next day, in contrast with most public channels in Europ ...

) (''defunct from 2008)''

Bulgaria

* Televest (

BNT 1 BNT 1 () is a Bulgarian-language public television station founded in 1959. It began broadcasting on December 26 the same year. The headquarters are located in Sofia, Bulgaria. BNT 1 is run by the Bulgarian National Television. History When it ...

) (''defunct since 2017)'' * Evrokom text (Evrokom NKTV) (''defunct)'' * Nova text ( Nova TV) (''defunct since 2012)''

Canada

The CBC ran a teletext service, IRIS, accessible only in

Calgary Calgary ( ) is the largest city in the western Canadian province of Alberta and the largest metro area of the three Prairie Provinces. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, makin ...

, Toronto and Montreal. It ran from 1983 until about 1986, and used the Canadian-developed Telidon system, which was developed in 1980. Like Antiope, Telidon allowed significantly higher graphic resolution than standard teletext.

Estonia

* ETV teletekst ( Eesti Televisioon) ''(defunct)'' * TV3.ee ( TV3 Estonia) ''(defunct)''

Indonesia

* TVRI-Text ( TVRI, 1995 - 1999) * RCTI Seputar ( RCTI, 1997 - 1999)

Israel

* Israeli Educational Television

Japan

* Telemo Japan ( NHK) *

TV Asahi Data Vision Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, e ...

( TV Asahi) (7 April 1986 – 24 July 2011) * AXES4 ( Nippon TV) (1985-31 March 2007) * Tokyo Data Vision ( TBS) *Fuji TV *Tokyo Metropolitan Television *

Nikkei Telepress Nikkei can refer to: *, abbreviated , Nikkei, a large media corporation in Japan *, abbreviated , Nikkei, a major business newspaper published in Japan *, a Japanese stock market index, published by ''Nihon Keizai Shimbun'' *, often simply ''Nikkei ...

( TV Tokyo)

Malaysia

* Beriteks ( RTM) (1985-2000) * Infonet (

) (1985-2008)

New Zealand

* TVNZ Teletext ( TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2,

) (1984–2 April 2013)

Singapore

* MediaCorp Teletext ( MediaCorp TV Channel 5, MediaCorp TV Channel 8, MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia) (1 August 1983 – 30 September 2013)

Thailand

* "ข่าวเขียน อสมท" Or Electronic News (

Modernine TV MCOT HD (in Thailand called Channel 9 MCOT HD th, ช่อง 9 เอ็มคอตเอชดี) is a Thai free-to-air television network launched on 24 June 1955 and owned by MCOT. History The channel was originally launched as Chan ...

) (1983-1993) * "Infonet" (

Channel 3 (Thailand) Channel 3 or Channel 3 HD ( th, สถานีโทรทัศน์ไทยทีวีสีช่อง 3 (ช่อง 3 เอชดี ช่อง 33)) is a Thai free-to-air television network that was launched on 26 March 1970 as Thai ...

) (Known up until 1996 as ข่าวเขียน ช่อง 3)

United Kingdom

Teletext was created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. Different systems existed, but by the end of the decade they converged, with the creation of the

World System Teletext World System Teletext (WST) is the name of a standard for encoding and displaying teletext information, which is used as the standard for teletext throughout Europe today. It was adopted into the international standard ITU-R, CCIR 653 (now ITU-R BT ...

(WST). WST remained in use for analogue broadcasts until 2012.

Ceefax

The first test transmissions were made by the BBC in 1972–74, with the name ''Ceefax'' ("see facts"). The Ceefax system went live on 23 September 1974 with thirty pages of information. Due to the adoption of a common teletext standard (WST), the Ceefax system ceased in 1976. The name was retained for the service itself, that continued after that year using the WST standard.

Oracle

''ORACLE'' was first broadcast on the

ITV ITV or iTV may refer to: ITV *Independent Television (ITV), a British television network, consisting of: ** ITV (TV network), a free-to-air national commercial television network covering the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islan ...

network in the mid-late 1970s. Due to the adoption of a common teletext standard (WST), the ORACLE system ceased in 1976. The name was retained for the service itself, that continued after that year using the WST standard.

United States

* AgText ( Kentucky Educational Television, 1980s–1998) *Datavizion ( WHA-TV/

, 1980s) *

Electra Electra (; grc, Ήλέκτρα) is one of the most popular mythological characters in tragedies.Evans (1970), p. 79 She is the main character in two Greek tragedies, '' Electra'' by Sophocles and '' Electra'' by Euripides. She is also the centra ...

( WKRC-TV/ Superstation WTBS/ SPN, 1980s–1993) *

ExtraVision ExtraVision was a short-lived teletext service created and operated by the American television network CBS in the early to mid-1980s. It was carried in the vertical blanking interval of the video from local affiliate stations of the CBS network. ...

( CBS, 1983–1986) *Infotext (WHA-TV/Discovery Channel, 1980s) *KeyFax (WTBS/ WFLD-TV, 1980s) *

NBC Teletext NBC Teletext was a teletext service provided by the NBC, based on the NABTS standard. Initial trials started in Los Angeles in 1981. Transmissions started as a regular service on May 16, 1983 after FCC approval, in parallel with CBS similar '' Ex ...

( NBC, 1983–1985) *Tempo Text (WTBS/SPN, 1980s–1993) * Time Teletext (1980s)

United States

Adoption in the United States was hampered due to a lack of a single teletext standard and consumer resistance to the high initial price of teletext decoders. Throughout the period of analogue broadcasting, teletext or other similar technologies in the US were practically non-existent, with the only technologies resembling such existing in the country being closed captioning, TV Guide On Screen, and

Extended Data Services Extended Data Services (now XDS, previously EDS), is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard a manufacturer of related equipment for the TV broadcast industry such as closed captioning and general-purpose XDS ...

(XDS). A version of the European teletext standard designed to work with the NTSC television standard used in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

was first demonstrated in the US in 1978 by station KSL in Salt Lake City, Utah, premiered a teletext service using Ceefax. They were followed by

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

television network CBS, which decided to try both the British Ceefax and French Antiope software for preliminary tryouts for a teletext service, using station KMOX (now KMOV) in

St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi River, Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the Greater St. Louis, ...

as a testing ground. CBS decided on Antiope and mounted a large market trial in Los Angeles in partnership with NBC and

Public Broadcasting Service The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educati ...

(PBS) Public television. Services premiered simultaneously on station KNXT (now

KCBS-TV KCBS-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, serving as the West Coast flagship of the CBS network. It is owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division alongside independent outl ...

KNBC KNBC (channel 4) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, serving as the West Coast flagship of the NBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Corona-licens ...

and

KCET KCET (channel 28) is a secondary PBS member television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the Public Media Group of Southern California alongside the market's primary PBS member, Huntington Beach–licensed KOCE-TV ...

in Los Angeles. All three services included an array of local news and information services. KCET's service also included service components for use in schools.

NABTS

Later, an official North American standard of teletext, called

NABTS NABTS, the North American Broadcast Teletext Specification, is a protocol used for encoding NAPLPS-encoded teletext pages, as well as other types of digital data, within the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analog video signal. It is standard ...

(North American Broadcast Teletext Specification) was developed in the early 1980s by Norpak, a Canadian company. NABTS provided improved graphic and text capability over WST, but was quite short-lived. This was mainly due to the expensive cost of NABTS decoders, costing in the thousands of dollars upon their release to the public. NABTS, however, was adopted for a short while by American TV networks NBC & CBS throughout the early-to-mid 80s, CBS using it for their short-lived

teletext service, which premiered after the early Antiope & Ceefax trials by CBS & KNXT, and NBC, who had a NABTS-based service called

for a very short time in the mid-1980s. NBC discontinued their service in 1985 due to the cost of NABTS decoders not dropping to an affordable level for the consumer public. The NABTS protocol received a revival of sorts in the late 90s, when it was used for the datacasting features of

WebTV for Windows MSN TV (formerly WebTV) was a web access product consisting of a thin client device that used a television for display (instead of using a computer monitor), and the online service that supported it. The device design and service was developed ...

under Windows 98, and for Intel's now-defunct

InterCast Intercast was a short-lived technology developed in 1996 by Intel for broadcasting information such as web pages and computer software, along with a single television channel. It required a compatible TV tuner card installed in a personal compu ...

service (also for Windows as well), using a proper TV tuner card (such as the

ATI Ati or ATI may refer to: * Ati people, a Negrito ethnic group in the Philippines **Ati language (Philippines), the language spoken by this people group ** Ati-Atihan festival, an annual celebration held in the Philippines *Ati language (China), a ...

All-In-Wonder or

Hauppauge Hauppauge ( ) can refer to: * Hauppauge, New York, a hamlet on Long Island in the United States *Hauppauge Computer Works, a computer component company located in Hauppauge, New York **Hauppauge MediaMVP, a network media player by Hauppauge Compute ...

's Win-TV).

1990s: InterCast

InterCast was a modern teletext-like system created by Intel in 1996, using a TV tuner card installed in a desktop PC running Windows with the InterCast Viewer software. The software would receive data representing HTML pages via the VBI (Vertical Blanking Interval) of a television channel's video, while displaying in a window in the InterCast software the TV channel itself. The HTML data received would then be displayed in another window in the Intercast software. It usually was extra supplemental information relevant to the TV program being viewed, such as extra clues for the viewer during a murder mystery show, or extra news headlines or extended weather forecasts during a newscast. NBC, as well as The Weather Channel, CNN and M2 (now MTV2), utilized InterCast technology to complement their programming. InterCast, however, fell into disuse, and Intel discontinued support of InterCast a few years later.

WaveTop

Another service in the US similar in delivery and content to teletext was the ''WaveTop'' service, provided and operated by the Wavephore Corporation. It used the same types of InterCast-compatible TV tuner cards, and used an application that ran under Windows, like InterCast. In fact, WaveTop software was also bundled with TV tuner cards that had InterCast software bundled with them as well. However, Wavetop was an independent service from InterCast, and wasn't a complementary service to a television program or channel like the latter. In fact, viewing television with a TV card was not possible while the WaveTop software was running, since the software utilized the TV tuner card as a full-time data receiver. WaveTop provided content from several different providers in the form of HTML pages displayed in the WaveTop software, such as news articles from the New York Times, weather information provided by The Weather Channel, and sports from ESPN. It also delivered short video clips, usually commercials, that could be viewed in the software as well. When it was in operation, WaveTop's data was delivered on the VBI of local public TV stations

affiliate Affiliation or affiliate may refer to: * Affiliate (commerce), a legal form of entity relationship used in Business Law * Affiliation (family law), a legal form of family relationship * Affiliate marketing * Affiliate network or affiliation pla ...

d with PBS through their PBS National Datacast division, that the WaveTop software tuned the TV card to in order to receive the service.

Guide+

Yet another service in the U.S. that relied on data delivery via the VBI like teletext, was the ''Guide+'' (''Guide Plus'', also referred to as ''GuidePlus+'' as well) service provided and developed by Gemstar. There were several models of television sets made throughout the 90s by

Thomson Consumer Electronics Vantiva SA, formerly Technicolor SA, Thomson SARL, and Thomson Multimedia, is a French multinational corporation that provides creative services and technology products for the communication, media and entertainment industries. Vantiva's headq ...

under the RCA and General Electric brands that had built-in Guide+ decoders. Guide+ was an on-screen interactive program guide that provided current TV schedule listings, as well as other information like news headlines. Some Guide+ equipped sets from RCA even had an IR-emitting sensor that could be plugged into the back of the TV, to control a VCR to record programs which could be selected from the on-screen Guide+ listings. In some ways, this was very similar to the Video Programming by Teletext, Video Programming by Teletext (VPT),

Video Program System Programme delivery control (PDC) is specified by the standard ETS 300 231 (ETSI EN 300 231), published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This specifies the signals sent as hidden codes in the teletext service, indicat ...

(VPS), and Programme Delivery Control (PDC) features of British/European teletext. Guide+ was a free service, supported by advertisements displayed on-screen in the Guide+ menu and listing screens, not unlike banner ads displayed on web pages. Guide+ was delivered over the VBI of select local American TV stations. Guide+ was discontinued by Gemstar in June 2004, and soon afterwards,

Thomson Thomson may refer to: Names * Thomson (surname), a list of people with this name and a description of its origin * Thomson baronets, four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Thomson Businesses and organizations * SGS-Thomson Mic ...

dropped the Guide+ features from all RCA and GE television sets made afterward. However, Guide+ in the United States has now been replaced by Gemstar with a similar service (delivered in the same fashion via VBI like Guide+), called '' TV Guide On Screen''. A small number of televisions, DVD recorders, and

digital video recorder A digital video recorder (DVR) is an electronic device that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass storage device. The term includes set-top boxes with direct to d ...

s are now being released with ''TV Guide On Screen'' capabilities. The Guide+ name & service is still used in Europe by Gemstar. (The same service is known in Japan as G-Guide).

Star Sight

Similar to Guide+ was ''Star Sight'',http://www.starsight.com with its decoders built into TVs manufactured by Zenith, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, Magnavox, and others. This was an electronic program guide service similar to Guide+, but was a service that relied on monthly subscription fees paid by the user, not from revenue gathered from on-screen advertisements like Guide+. Star Sight discontinued operations on 21 July 2003, due to a lack of subscribers to the service. Star Sight's data was also delivered on the VBI of local PBS stations through the PBS National Datacast division, much like how WaveTop was delivered as mentioned previously in this article.

International

World System Teletext

''World System Teletext'' (or ''WST'') is the name of a standard for teletext throughout Europe today. Almost all television sets sold in Europe since the early ’80s have built-in WST-standard teletext decoders as a feature. It originally stems from the UK standards developed by the BBC (Ceefax) and the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority (ORACLE) in 1974 for teletext transmission, extended in 1976 as the ''Broadcast Teletext Specification''. With some tweaks to allow for alternative national character sets, and adaptations to the NTSC 525-line system as necessary, this was then promoted internationally as "World System Teletext". It was accepted by CCIR in 1986 as ''CCIR Teletext System B'', one of four recognised standards for teletext worldwide. WST was also used for a short time in the US, with services provided throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s by several regional American TV networks (such as the University of Wisconsin–Madison's ''Infotext'' service in the mid-1980s, which was carried on several TV stations across Wisconsin, and Agtext, provided by Kentucky Educational Television and carried on KET's stations, both services providing agriculturally oriented information) and major-market U.S. TV stations (such as ''Metrotext'', which was formerly carried on station KTTV in Los Angeles, and ''KeyFax'', formerly on WFLD in Chicago). Perhaps the most prominent of American teletext providers was the ''

'' teletext service, using WST, which was broadcast starting in the early 1980s on the vertical blanking interval (

VBI VBI may refer to: *Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech (formerly the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute), a research organization specializing in bioinformatics, computational biology, and systems biology in Virginia, United States *Value-based ...

) of the American cable channel WTBS. Electra was owned and operated by Taft Broadcasting and Satellite Syndicated Systems (SSS). Electra ran up until 1993, when it was shut down due to Zenith, the prominent (and only) American TV manufacturer at the time offering teletext features in their sets decided to discontinue such features, as well as a lack of funding and lagging interest in teletext by the American consumer. Zenith manufactured models of television sets in the US in the 1980s, most notably their ''Digital System 3'' line, that had built-in WST teletext decoders as a feature, much like most British/European TV sets. Teletext services in the US like

could be received with one of these sets, but these were mostly more expensive higher-end sets offered by Zenith, possibly causing Electra (and American teletext in general) to never catch on with the public. Australian company

Dick Smith Electronics Dick Smith Holdings Limited (formerly Dick Smith, Dick Smith Electronics or DSE) was an Australian chain of retail stores that sold consumer electronics goods, hobbyist electronic components, and electronic project kits. The chain expanded succ ...

(DSE) also offered through their US distributors a set-top WST teletext decoder kit. The kit used as its core the same teletext

decoding Decoding or decode may refer to: is the process of converting code into plain text or any format that is useful for subsequent processes. Science and technology * Decoding, the reverse of encoding * Parsing, in computer science * Digital-to-analog ...

module (manufactured by UK electronics company Mullard) installed in most British TV sets, with additional circuitry to adapt it for American NTSC video, and to utilize it in a separate set-top box. A significant reason for the demise of American teletext was when Zenith introduced built-in closed captioning decoders in TVs in the early '90s, as mandated by the FCC. It was not practical for Zenith to re-design their TV chassis models that previously had teletext decoder support to have both teletext and closed captioning support. So Zenith decided to drop the teletext features, therefore ending teletext service in the US in the early 1990s, considering Zenith was the only major manufacturer of teletext-equipped sets in the United States.

References

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