extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores.Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) ''Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology'' p.39. Indiana University Press, . Retrieved May 2012 Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like '' Anomocephalus'' and '' Patranomodon'' and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage ( Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event.
Otsheridae
Otsheriidae is an extinct family of small herbivorous anomodont therapsids that are known from the Permian of Russia.
See also
* List of synapsids
These lists of synapsids collectively include every genus that has ever been included in the c ...
Venjukovia
''Venyukovia'' (named after its discoverer, Pavel N. Venyukov) is an extinct genus of venyukovioid therapsid, a basal anomodont from the Middle Permian of Russia. The type and sole species, ''V. prima'', is known only by a partial lower jaw with ...
Galeops
''Galeops'' is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsids from the Middle-Late Permian of South Africa. It was described by Robert Broom in 1912. Some cladistic analyses have recovered it as closely related to dicynodonts.
See also
* List of ther ...
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Galepus
''Galepus'' is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsids.
See also
* List of therapsids
This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals ...
Cladogram modified from Liu ''et al.'' (2009):
Below is a cladogram from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2013). The data matrix of Kammerer ''et al.'' (2013), a list of characteristics that was used in the analysis, was based on that of Kammerer ''et al.'' (2011), which followed a comprehensive taxonomic revision of '' Dicynodon''. Because of this, many of the relationships found by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2013) are the same as those found by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2011). However, several taxa were added to the analysis, including '' Tiarajudens'' ''
Eubrachiosaurus
''Eubrachiosaurus'' is an extinct genus of stahleckeriid dicynodont known from the Late Triassic (Carnian stage) of Wyoming, United States.
Description
''Eubrachiosaurus'' is known only from the holotype specimen Field Museum of Natural Histor ...
'', ''
Shaanbeikannemeyeria
''Shaanbeikannemeyeria'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont known from the Early Triassic of China. It contains a single species, ''S. xilougoensis'', which was described in 1980 by Zheng-Wu Cheng from a skull catalogued as IGCAGS V315. The specim ...
'', '' Zambiasaurus'' and many "outgroup" taxa (positioned outside Anomodontia), while other taxa were re-coded. As in Kammerer ''et al.'' (2011), the interrelationships of non-
kannemeyeriiform
Kannemeyeriiformes is a group of large-bodied Triassic dicynodonts. As a clade, Kannemeyeriiformes has been defined to include the species ''Kannemeyeria simocephalus'' and all dicynodonts more closely related to it than to the species '' Lystro ...
dicynodontoid
Dicynodontoidea is an infraorder of dicynodont therapsids that includes the famous dicynodont ''Dicynodon'', ''Lystrosaurus'' and the Triassic Kannemeyeriiformes, as well as numerous other closely related species. The name was coined by American ...
s are weakly supported and thus vary between the analyses.