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Simuliidae
A black fly or blackfly (sometimes called a buffalo gnat, turkey gnat, or white socks) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the Culicomorpha infraorder. It is related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and Thaumaleidae. Over 2,200 species of black flies have been formally named, of which 15 are extinct. They are divided into two subfamilies: Parasimuliinae contains only one genus and four species; Simuliinae contains all the rest. Over 1,800 of the species belong to the genus ''Simulium''. Most black flies gain nourishment by feeding on the blood of mammals, including humans, although the males feed mainly on nectar. They are usually small, black or gray, with short legs, and antennae. They are a common nuisance for humans, and many U.S. states have programs to suppress the black fly population. They spread several diseases, including river blindness in Africa (''Simulium damnosum'' and ''S. neavei'') and the Americas (''S. callidum'' and ''S. metallicum'' in Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simulium
''Simulium'' is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 subgenera. The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia. The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma. Systematics Subgenera: * '' Afrosimulium'' Crosskey, 1969 * '' Anasolen'' Enderlein, 1930 * '' Asiosimulium'' Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 * '' Aspathia'' Enderlein, 1935 * '' Boop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simulium Trifasciatum
''Simulium'' is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 subgenera. The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia. The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma. Systematics Subgenera: * '' Afrosimulium'' Crosskey, 1969 * '' Anasolen'' Enderlein, 1930 * '' Asiosimulium'' Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 * '' Aspathia'' Enderlein, 1935 * '' Boop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrosimulium
''Austrosimulium'' is a genus of 31 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: '' Austrosimulium'' whose species are principally from New Zealand, and '' Novaustrosimulium'' which are exclusively Australian. ''Austrosimulium'' is a sister genus to the monospecific '' Paraustrosimulium'' of South America. Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite '' Leucocytozoon tawaki'' in penguins. In New Zealand, where they are known as ''sandflies'' or namu (in Māori from Proto-Austronesian *''ñamuk'' "mosquito Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning " gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "li ...", compare with ms, nyamuk), three species – '' A. australense'', '' A. tillyardianum'' and '' A. ungulatum'' – bite humans. Species *Subgenus '' Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedrowygomyia
''Pedrowygomyia'' is a genus of neotropical simuliid flies erected in 1998 from the ''Gigantodax cortesi'' species group of the 1925 genus '' Gigantodax'' after a cladistics analysis of the species groups recognized in the genus indicated that it was paraphyletic.Daniel Rafael Miranda-Esquivel and Sixto Coscarón. 1998. ''Pedrowygomyia'', a new Neotropical genus of Prosimuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae): ''Gigantodax'' s. lat. split into two genera. ''Insect Systematics & Evolution'', 29(2):161–167, online publication date: 01 Jan 1998, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631298X00267.Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do Nascimento, Neusa Hamada, Ana A Huamantinco-Araujo. 2020. ''Pedrowygomyia'' (Diptera: Simuliidae): Discovery of a New Species After 30 yr. ''Journal of Medical Entomology'', tjaa270, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa270, Published: 16 December 2020. The genus was named in recognition of the contributions to science of entomologist Petr Wolfgang Wygodzinsky. ''Pedrowygomyia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantodax
''Gigantodax'' is a genus of 68 species of black flies distributed along the Andes from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego in Argentina. The Polytene Chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and Three Species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina) by Cecilia L Coscaron Arias The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the genus was revised in 1989 by an published in the of the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasimulium
''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ... species are cave dwellers. Species * Subgenus '' Astoneomyia'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. melanderi'' Stone, 1963 * Subgenus '' Parasimulium'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. crosskeyi'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. furcatum'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. stonei'' Peterson, 1977 Literature cited Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera Taxa named by John Russell Malloch {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasimuliinae
The Parasimuliinae are a subfamily of Simuliidae (black flies) containing only one genus and four species. Most species are rare, and some are cave dwellers, in western North America. Species * Genus ''Parasimulium'' Malloch, 1914 :* Subgenus '' Astoneomyia'' Peterson, 1977 ::* '' P. melanderi'' Stone, 1963 :* Subgenus ''Parasimulium ''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country ...'' Malloch, 1914 ::* '' P. crosskeyi'' Peterson, 1977 ::* '' P. furcatum'' Malloch, 1914 ::* '' P. stonei'' Peterson, 1977 Literature cited Simuliidae Nematocera subfamilies Monotypic Diptera taxa {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucnephia
''Araucnephia'' is a genus of South American black flies from Chile and Argentina. There are only 2 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s .... Species *'' A. iberaensis'' Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias, 2002 *'' A. montana'' (Philippi, 1865) Literature cited Simuliidae Fauna of Chile Fauna of Argentina Insects of South America Culicomorpha genera {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simuliinae
Simuliinae is a subfamily of black flies ( Simuliidae). It contains over 2,200 species, with over 1,800 of them in the genus ''Simulium''. There are 2 tribes and 25 living genera. A further 5 genera are known only from Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ... fossils. Literature cited Simuliidae Insect vectors of human pathogens Taxa named by Edward Newman Nematocera subfamilies {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucnephioides
''Araucnephioides'' is a genus of black flies from Chile. There is only one known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s .... Species *'' A. schlingeri'' Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 Literature cited Simuliidae Diptera of South America Culicomorpha genera Endemic fauna of Chile {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnephia
''Cnephia'' is a genus of 9 species of black flies. They are distributed in scattered locations across the Northern Hemisphere, from Ukraine to Eastern Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ..., and some parts of North America. Species *'' C. angarensis'' Rubtsov, 1956 *'' C. chaurensis'' Yankovsky, 2000 *'' C. dacotensis'' (Dyar & Shannon, 1927) *'' C. eremites'' Shewell, 1952 *'' C. intermedia'' Rubtsov, 1956 *'' C. ornithophilia'' Davies, Peterson & Wood, 1962 *'' C. pallipes'' (Fries, 1824) *'' C. pecuarum'' (Riley, 1887) *'' C. toptchievi'' Yankovsky, 1996 Literature cited Simuliidae Culicomorpha genera {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnesia
''Cnesia'' is a genus of 4 species of black flies. They are distributed in Argentina and Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a .... Species *'' C. dissimilis'' ( Edwards, 1931) *'' C. gynandrum'' ( Edwards, 1931) *'' C. ornata'' Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 *'' C. pusilla'' Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 Literature cited Simuliidae Culicomorpha genera Fauna of Chile Fauna of Argentina Insects of South America {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
