Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label= Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of

Tyrol Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...

and the fifth-largest city in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the

Brenner Pass The Brenner Pass (german: link=no, Brennerpass , shortly ; it, Passo del Brennero ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria. It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and ha ...

to the south, it had a population of 132,493 in 2018. In the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the Karwendel Alps ( Hafelekarspitze, ) to the north and

Patscherkofel Patscherkofel is a mountain and ski area in the Alps, in Tyrol in western Austria, 7 km (4 mi.) south of Innsbruck. The peak rises to a summit elevation of above sea level. The town of Igls at its northwest base is at , a vertical drop ...

() and Serles () to the south, Innsbruck is an internationally renowned

winter sports Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non-competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice. Most are variations of skiing, ice skating and sledding. Traditionally, such games were only played in cold a ...

centre; it hosted the

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarc ...

and

1976 Winter Olympics The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games (german: XII. Olympische Winterspiele, french: XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Innsbruck 1976 ( bar, Innschbruck 1976, label= Austro-Bavarian), was a ...

as well as the

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast As ...

and

1988 Winter Paralympics The 1988 Winter Paralympic Games (german: Paralympische Winterspiele 1988) were the fourth Winter Paralympics, held again in Innsbruck, Austria. These were the last Winter Paralympics to be held in a separate location from the Winter Olympics. Be ...

. It also hosted the first

Winter Youth Olympics The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an international multi-sport event for athletes between 15 and 18 years old, organized by the International Olympic Committee. The games are held every four years in staggered summer and winter events consisten ...

in 2012. The name means "bridge over the Inn".

History

Antiquity

The earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age. Surviving pre-Roman place names show that the area has been populated continuously. In the 4th century the Romans established the army station Veldidena (the name survives in today's urban district Wilten) at Oenipons (Innsbruck), to protect the economically important commercial road from

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

- Brenner-

Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the '' ...

in their province of

Raetia Raetia ( ; ; also spelled Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian people. It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii, on the east with Noricum, on the north with Vindelicia, on the south-west w ...

. The first mention of Innsbruck dates back to the name ''Oeni Pontum'' or ''Oeni Pons'' which is

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

for bridge (pons) over the Inn (Oenus), which was an important crossing point over the Inn river. The Counts of

Andechs Andechs is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria in Germany. It is renowned in Germany and beyond for Andechs Abbey, a Benedictine monastery that has brewed beer since 1455. The monastery brewery offers tours to visitors. The 20 ...

acquired the town in 1180. In 1248 the town passed into the hands of the Counts of Tyrol. The city's arms show a bird's-eye view of the Inn bridge, a design used since 1267. The route over the

was then a major transport and communications link between the north and the south of Europe, and the easiest route across the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, ...

. It was part of the

Via Imperii Via Imperii (Imperial Road) was one of the most important of a class of roads known collectively as imperial roads (''german: Reichsstraßen'') of the Holy Roman Empire. This old trade route ran in a south–north direction from Venice on the Ad ...

, a medieval imperial road under special protection of the king. The revenues generated by serving as a transit station on this route enabled the city to flourish.

Early History

Albrecht Dürer - View of Innsbruck - WGA7356

Innsbruck became the capital of all Tyrol in 1429 and in the 15th century the city became a centre of European politics and culture as Emperor

Maximilian I Maximilian I may refer to: *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, reigned 1486/93–1519 *Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, reigned 1597–1651 *Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1636-1689) *Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, reigned 1795� ...

also resided in Innsbruck in the 1490s. The city benefited from the emperor's presence as can be seen for example in the Hofkirche. Here a funeral monument for Maximilian was planned and erected partly by his successors. The ensemble with a

cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty tomb or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although the vast majority of cenot ...

and the bronze statues of real and mythical ancestors of the Habsburg emperor are one of the main artistic monuments of Innsbruck. A regular postal service between Innsbruck and

Mechelen Mechelen (; french: Malines ; traditional English name: MechlinMechelen has been known in English as ''Mechlin'', from where the adjective ''Mechlinian'' is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical contex ...

was established in 1490 by the

Thurn-und-Taxis-Post The Thurn-und-Taxis Post () was a private postal service and the successor to the Imperial Reichspost of the Holy Roman Empire. The Thurn-und-Taxis Post was operated by the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis between 1806 and 1867. The company was h ...

In 1564

Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (Linz, 14 June 1529 – 24 January 1595, Innsbruck) was ruler of Further Austria and since 1564 Imperial count of Tirol. The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was married to Philippine We ...

received the rulership over Tirol and other

Further Austria Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (german: Vorderösterreich, formerly ''die Vorlande'' (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-we ...

n possessions administered from Innsbruck up to the 18th century. He had Schloss Ambras built and arranged there his unique Renaissance collections nowadays mainly part of Vienna's

Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum ( "Museum of Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, it is crowned with an octagonal d ...

. Up to 1665 a stirps of the Habsburg dynasty ruled in Innsbruck with an independent court. In the 1620s the first opera house north of the Alps was erected in Innsbruck (Dogana). In 1669 the university was founded. Also as a compensation for the court as Emperor Leopold I again reigned from Vienna and the Tyrolean stirps of the Habsburg dynasty had ended in 1665. Franz von Defregger 001

During the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

Tyrol was ceded to

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

, ally of France.

Andreas Hofer Andreas Hofer (22 November 1767 – 20 February 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover, who in 1809 became the leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the Napoleonic and Bavarian invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition. He was sub ...

led a Tyrolean peasant army to victory in the Battles of Bergisel against the combined Bavarian and French forces, and then made Innsbruck the centre of his administration. The combined army later overran the Tyrolean

militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non- professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

army and until 1814 Innsbruck was part of Bavaria. After the

Vienna Congress The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...

Austrian rule was restored. Until 1918, the town (one of the 4 autonomous towns in Tyrol) was part of the

Austrian monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

(Austria side after the

compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungar ...

), head of the district of the same name, one of the 21 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in the

province. The Tyrolean hero

was executed in Mantua; his remains were returned to Innsbruck in 1823 and interred in the Franciscan church. During World War I, the only recorded action taking place in Innsbruck was near the end of the war. On February 20, 1918, Allied planes flying out of Italy raided Innsbruck, causing casualties among the Austrian troops there. No damage to the town is recorded. In November 1918 Innsbruck and all Tyrol were occupied by the 20 to 22 thousand soldiers of the III Corps of the First Italian Army. In 1929, the first official

Austrian Chess Championship The Austrian Chess Championship is held by the Austrian Chess Federation (''Österreichischer Schachbund''). For its correspondence chess subdivision, see OESB-FS. Unofficial Championships : Official Championships *Erich Eliskases won two match ...

was held in Innsbruck.

Annexation and bombing

In 1938 Austria was annexed by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

in the ''

Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the Nazi Germany, German Reich on 13 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "Ger ...

''. Between 1943 and April 1945, Innsbruck experienced twenty-two air raids and suffered heavy damage.

Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino

In 1996, the European Union approved further cultural and economic integration between the Austrian province of

and the Italian autonomous provinces of

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

and

Trentino Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous regio ...

by recognizing the creation of the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino.

Geography

Climate

Innsbruck has a humid continental climate ( Köppen ''Dfb'') using isotherm or

oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ...

(''Cfb'') using the original isotherm since it has larger annual temperature differences than most of Central Europe due to its location in the centre of the Continent and its position around mountainous terrains. Winters are often very cold (colder than those of most major European cities) and snowy, although the

foehn wind A Foehn or Föhn (, , ), is a type of dry, relatively warm, downslope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of i ...

sometimes brings pronounced thaws. Spring is brief; days start to get warm, often over , but nights remain cool or even freezing. Summer is highly variable and unpredictable. Days can be cool and rainy, or sunny and extremely hot, sometimes hitting . In summer, as expected for an alpine-influenced climate, the

diurnal temperature variation In meteorology, diurnal temperature variation is the variation between a high air temperature and a low temperature that occurs during the same day. Temperature lag Temperature lag is an important factor in diurnal temperature variation: peak ...

is often very high as nights usually remain cool, being on average, but sometimes dipping as low as . The average annual temperature is .

Boroughs and statistical divisions

Karte Innsbruck - Katastralgemeinden und Statistische Stadtteile

Innsbruck is divided into nine boroughs (cadastral settlements) that were formed from previously independent municipalities or villages. These nine boroughs are further divided into twenty wards (cadastral districts). All wards are within one borough, except for the ward of Hungerburg (Upper Innsbruck), which is divided between two. For statistical purposes, Innsbruck is further divided into forty-two statistical units (''Statistischer Bezirk'') and 178 numbered blocks (''Zählsprengel''). The following are the nine boroughs with the population as of 31 October 2011: * Innsbruck (inner city) (18.524), consisting of Oldtown (''Altstadt''), Dreiheiligen-Schlachthof, and Saggen * Wilten (15.772), consisting of Mentlberg, Sieglanger, and Wilten West * Pradl (30.890), consisting of Pradler-Saggen, Reichenau, and Tivoli * Hötting (31.246), consisting of Höttinger Au, Hötting West, Sadrach, Allerheiligen, Kranebitten, and part of Hungerburg * Mühlau (4.750), consisting of part of Hungerburg * Amras (5.403), consisting of Roßau * Arzl (10.293), consisting of Neuarzl and Olympisches Dorf * Vill (535) * Igls (2.204)

Places of interest

Mountains

* Nordkette *

Buildings and monuments

* Old Inn Bridge (''Alte Innbrücke'') *

Ambras Castle Ambras Castle (german: Schloss Ambras Innsbruck) is a Renaissance castle and palace located in the hills above Innsbruck, Austria. Ambras Castle is above sea level. Considered one of the most popular tourist attractions of the Tyrol, Ambras Cast ...

's tomb *

St. Anne's Column St. Anne's Column (german: Annasäule) stands in the city centre of Innsbruck on '' Maria-Theresien-Straße''. It was given its name when, in 1703, the last Bavarian troops were driven from the Tyrol on St. Anne's Day (26 July), as part of the ...

(''Annasäule'') * Bergisel Ski Jump * Büchsenhausen Castle * Canisianum *

Casino A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling. Casinos are often built near or combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships, and other tourist attractions. Some casinos are also known for hosting live enterta ...

City Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

(''Stadtsaal'') *

Golden Roof The Goldenes Dachl (''Golden Roof'') is a landmark structure located in the Old Town (''Altstadt'') section of Innsbruck, Austria. It is considered the city's most famous symbol.Schulte-Peevers 2007, p. 168. Completed in 1500, the roof was decorat ...

(''Goldenes Dachl'') *

Helbling House Helbling House (german: Helblinghaus) is a building located in the Old Town (''Altstadt'') section of Innsbruck, Austria, across from the Golden Roof (''Goldenes Dachl'') at Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse 10.Bousfield 2001, p. 467. The original structu ...

(''Helblinghaus'') * Imperial Palace (''Hofburg'') * Hungerburgbahn *

Leopold Fountain The Leopold Fountain (german: Leopoldsbrunnen, more rarely ''Leopoldbrunnen'') in the Tyrolean state capital is a listed monument near the ''Altstadt'' of the city of Innsbruck. The fountain, which is on the ''Rennweg'' and is not far from the ...

(''Leopoldsbrunnen'') * Maria-Theresien-Straße * Maximilian's Cenotaph and the Black Men (''Schwarzen Männer'') * Old Federal State Parliament (''Altes Landhaus'') * Old Town (''Altstadt'') * Silver Chapel (''Silberne Kapelle'') * City Tower (''Stadtturm'') *

Triumphal Arch A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road. In its simplest form a triumphal arch consists of two massive piers connected by an arch, crow ...

(''Triumphpforte'') *

Tyrolean State Theatre The Tyrolean State Theatre in Innsbruck (german: Tiroler Landestheater Innsbruck) is the state theatre in Innsbruck, Austria, located near the historic Altstadt (Old Town) section of the city. The theatre is surrounded by Imperial Hofburg, the Ho ...

Museums

Alpine Club Museum The Alpine Club Museum (german: Alpenverein-Museum) in Innsbruck, Austria is a museum dedicated to the history of alpinism. Located in the Hofburg in the Altstadt section of the city, the museum is owned by the Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV). In 2009 ...

* Armoury * City Archives * Grassmayr Bell Foundry and Museum * Innsbruck Stubaital station * Kaiserjäger Museum *

Tyrol Panorama Museum The Tirol Panorama with the Museum of the Imperial Infantry or Tirol Panorama (german: Das Tirol Panorama mit Kaiserjägermuseum) is a museum in Innsbruck in the Austrian state of Tyrol, which is mainly important because it houses the Innsbruck G ...

(''Das Tirol Panorama'') *

Tyrolean Folk Art Museum The Tyrolean Folk Art Museum (german: Tiroler Volkskunstmuseum) is considered one of the finest regional heritage museums in Europe. Located next to the Hofkirche and across from the Hofburg in the Altstadt section of Innsbruck, Austria, the mu ...

(''Tiroler Volkunstmuseum'') *

Tyrolean State Museum The Tyrolean State Museum (german: Tiroler Landesmuseum), also known as the Ferdinandeum after Archduke Ferdinand, is located in Innsbruck, Austria. It was founded in 1823 by the Tyrolean State Museum Ferdinandeum Society (''Verein Tiroler Landes ...

(''Tiroler Landesmuseum'' or ''Ferdinandeum'') * Tyrolean Museum Railways (''Tiroler Museumsbahnen'')

Churches

Court Church The Hofkirche (Court Church) is a Gothic church located in the Altstadt (Old Town) section of Innsbruck, Austria. The church was built in 1553 by Emperor Ferdinand I (1503–1564) as a memorial to his grandfather Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519 ...

(''Hofkirche'') *

Innsbruck Cathedral Innsbruck Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of St. James (german: Dom zu St. Jakob), is an eighteenth-century Baroque cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Innsbruck in the city of Innsbruck, Austria, dedicated to the apostle Saint Jam ...

(''Dom zu St. Jakob'') * Old Ursuline Church * Jesuit Church * Church of Our Lady * Church of Our Lady of Perpectual Succour * Servite Church * Hospital Church * Ursuline Church * Wilten Abbey (''Stift Wilten'') * Wilten Basilica (''Wiltener Basilika'') * Holy Trinity Church * St. John's Church * St. Theresa's Church (Hungerburg) * Pradler Parish Church * St. Paul's State Memorial Church in the Reichenau * Evangelical Church of Christ * Evangelical Church of the Resurrection * Old Höttingen Parish Church * Höttingen Parish Church * Parish Church of St. Nicholas * Parish Church of Neu-Arzl * Parish Church of St. Norbert * Parish Church of Maria am Gestade * Parish Church of the Good Shepherd * Parish Church of St. George * Parish Church of St. Paul * Parish Church of St. Pirminius * Church of the Guardian Angel

Parks and gardens

* Alpine Zoo ('' Alpenzoo'') * Baggersee Innsbruck *

Innsbruck University Botanic Garden The Botanical Garden of the University of Innsbruck (german: Botanischer Garten der Universität Innsbruck) is a 2-hectare botanical garden operated by the University of Innsbruck. It is located in Hötting at Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austr ...

* Hofgarten (''Court Garden'') * Rapoldi-Weiher Park * Ambras Castle Park (''Schlosspark Ambras'')

Gallery

File:Chateau ambras.jpg, Ambras Castle File:Zeughaus-innsbruck.jpg, Armoury File:Innsbruck 2 108.jpg, City Tower (''Stadtturm'') File:Helblinghaus3.JPG, Helblinghaus File:Innsbruck Flusspromenade.jpg, Innsbruck from the Inn river (looking towards Nordkette) File:Innsbruck 1 305.jpg, Maximilian's Cenotaph and the Black Men in the

File:Goldenes Dachl 3950109736 571225b427 b.jpg, Old Town (''Altstadt'') with the Goldenes Dachl File:Innsbruck Siebenkreuzkapelle 2.jpg, Siebenkreuzkapelle File:IA TirolerLandesmuseum A.jpg, Tyrolean State Museum (''Tiroler Landesmuseum'') File:Innsbruck-Basilique de Wilten.jpg, Wilten Basilica Panorama insbruck4

Government and politics

The results of the 2018 local elections were: *

Austrian Green Party Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

24.16% (left) *

Freedom Party of Austria The Freedom Party of Austria (german: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria. It was led by Norbert Hofer from September 2019 to 1 June 2021.Staff (1 June 2021"Au ...

18.56% (right) * Für Innsbruck 16.15% (conservative) *

Austrian People's Party The Austrian People's Party (german: Österreichische Volkspartei , ÖVP ) is a Christian-democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Austria. Since December 2021, the party has been led provisionally by Karl Nehammer. It is curr ...

12.17% (conservative) *

Social Democratic Party of Austria The Social Democratic Party of Austria (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs , SPÖ), founded and known as the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (german: link=no, Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs, SDAPÖ) unti ...

10.32% (left) *

NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum (german: NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum) is a liberal political party in Austria. It was founded as NEOS – The New Austria in 2012. In 2014, NEOS merged with Liberal Forum and adop ...

4.73% (center) * Bürgerforum Tirol – Liste Fritz (FRITZ) 3.23% * Gerechtes Innsbruck (Gerecht) 3.10% * Tiroler Seniorenbund – Für Alt und Jung (TSB) 2.72% * Alternative Liste Innsbruck (ALI) 2.38%

Culture

Cultural events

Innsbruck is a very popular

tourist destination A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural b ...

, organizing the following events every year: * Innsbrucker Tanzsommer * Bergsilvester (New Year's Eve) * Innsbrucker Festwochen der Alten Musik (Innsbruck Festival of Early Music) * Christkindlmarkt (Christmas fair) In 1971, author

Douglas Adams Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author and screenwriter, best known for ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Originally a 1978 BBC radio comedy, ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' developed into a " ...

was inspired to write the internationally successful ''

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' (sometimes referred to as ''HG2G'', ''HHGTTG'', ''H2G2'', or ''tHGttG'') is a comedy science fiction franchise created by Douglas Adams. Originally a 1978 radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4, it ...

'' series while lying intoxicated in a field in Innsbruck. From 2003 onwards each year Towel Day is celebrated worldwide on May 25.

Sports

Due to its location between high mountains, Innsbruck serves as an ideal place for

skiing Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee ...

in winter, ski-jumping and mountaineering in summer. There are several

ski resorts A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area – a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In Nor ...

around Innsbruck, with the Nordkette served by a cable car and additional chair lifts further up. Other ski resorts nearby include Axamer Lizum, Muttereralm,

, Igls, Seefeld, Tulfes and Stubai Valley. The glaciated terrain in the latter makes skiing possible even in summer months. The

Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international multi-sport event held once every four years for sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympic Games, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were he ...

were held in Innsbruck twice, first in

, then again in

1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...

, when

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...

voters rejected a bond referendum in 1972 to finance the

Denver Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the United ...

games, originally awarded in 1970. The

were the last games held in the German-speaking

(Austria, Germany, or Switzerland). Along with

St. Moritz St. Moritz (also german: Sankt Moritz, rm, , it, San Maurizio, french: Saint-Moritz) is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in ...

, Switzerland and

Lake Placid, New York Lake Placid is a village in the Adirondack Mountains in Essex County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,303. The village of Lake Placid is near the center of the town of North Elba, southwest of Plattsbur ...

in the United States, it is one of three places which have twice hosted the Winter Games. It also hosted the

and

. Innsbruck hosted the 1st Winter Youth Olympic Games in 2012. Innsbruck also hosts one of the 4 ski-jumping competitions of the 4 Hills Tournament every year. Other notable events held in Innsbruck include the Air & Style Snowboard Contest from 1994 to 1999 and 2008 and the

Ice Hockey World Championship The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, it is the sport's highest profile annual ...

in 2005. Together with the city of Seefeld, Innsbruck organized the Winter

Universiade The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and " Olympiad". The Universiade is referr ...

in 2005. Innsbruck's

Bergiselschanze The Bergisel Ski Jump (german: Bergiselschanze), whose stadium has a capacity of 26,000, is a ski jumping hill located in Bergisel in Innsbruck, Austria. It is one of the more important venues in the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, annually hosting the ...

is one of the hills of the famous

Four Hills Tournament The Four Hills Tournament (german: link=no, Vierschanzentournee) or the German-Austrian Ski Jumping Week (german: link=no, Deutsch-Österreichische Skisprung-Woche) is a ski jumping event composed of four World Cup events and has taken place in ...

. Innsbruck is home to the football club

FC Wacker Innsbruck FC Wacker Innsbruck was an Austrian association football club from Innsbruck, Tyrol. History The ''Fußball-Club Wacker'' ("Valiant") ''Innsbruck'' was established in 1915 by Jakob Hanspeter, Benedikt Hosp, Josef Leitner, Josef Albrecht and ...

, which plays in the Austrian Football Second League as of the 2019–20 season. Former teams include the FC Swarovski Tirol and FC Tirol Innsbruck. FC Wacker Innsbruck's stadium, Tivoli Neu, is one of eight stadiums which hosted

Euro 2008 The 2008 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2008 or simply Euro 2008, was the 13th UEFA European Championship, a quadrennial football tournament contested by the member nations of UEFA (the Union of European ...

which took place in Switzerland and Austria in June 2008. The city also hosted an American Football final, Eurobowl XXII between the

Swarco Raiders Tirol The Raiders Tirol (for the AFL-Teams SWARCO Raiders Tirol, formerly Papa Joe’s Tyrolean Raiders) are an American football team based in Innsbruck, Austria. Founded in 1992, the Raiders since have become one of Austria's and Europe's most domin ...

and the

Raiffeisen Vikings Vienna The Vienna Vikings is an American football club based in Vienna, Austria. Founded in 1983, the Vikings are known as one of Europe's most dominant clubs, having won the Eurobowl title five times (2004–2007 and 2013), as well being the runner ...

. The city hosted opening round games in the

2011 IFAF World Championship The 2011 IFAF World Championship was the fourth instance of the IFAF World Championship, an international American football tournament. It began on July 8, 2011 with the final games commencing on July 16. It was hosted by Austria, with games takin ...

, the official international

American Football American football (referred to simply as football in the United States and Canada), also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team wit ...

championship. In 2018 Innsbruck hosted the IFSC Climbing World Championships 2018 from September 6 to September 16 and the

2018 UCI Road World Championships The 2018 UCI Road World Championships were held in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the 91st UCI Road World Championships and the third to be held in Austria. The World Championships consisted of a total of twelve competitions, one road race, one te ...

from September 22 to September 30.

Language

Innsbruck is part of the Austro-Bavarian region of

dialects The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is ...

and, more specifically,

Southern Bavarian Southern Bavarian or South Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group. They are primarily spoken in Tyrol (i.e. the Austrian federal state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol), in Carinthia and in the we ...

(''Südbairisch''). Irina Windhaber, professor for linguistics at the Universität Innsbruck, has observed a trend among young people to choose more often Standard German language structures and pronunciation.

Economy and infrastructure

Innsbruck is a substantial tourist centre, with more than a million overnight stays. In Innsbruck, there are 86,186 employees and about 12,038 employers. 7,598 people are self-employed. Nearly 35,000 people commute every day into Innsbruck from the surrounding communities in the area. The unemployment rate for the year 2012 was 4.2%. The national statistics office,

Statistik Austria Statistics Austria, known locally as Statistik Austria, is the official name of Austria's Federal Statistical Office (german: Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich), the country's agency for collecting and publishing official statistics related to Aus ...

, does not produce economic data for the City of Innsbruck alone, but on aggregate level with the

Innsbruck-Land District The Bezirk Innsbruck-Land is an administrative district (''Bezirk'') in Tyrol, Austria. It encloses the Statutarstadt Innsbruck, and borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the district Schwaz in the east, South Tyrol in Italy to the south, and th ...

summarized as NUTS 3-region Innsbruck. In 2013, GDP per capita in the NUTS 3-region Innsbruck was €41,400 which is around 60% above the EU average. The headquarters of Tiroler Wasserkraft (Tiwag, energy production),

Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg is a regional Austrian bank with headquarters in Innsbruck. The bank is listed on the Austrian stock market. Together with Oberbank AG and BKS Bank AG BKS may refer to: *BKS theory, on interaction of matter and e ...

(financial services), Tiroler Versicherung (insurance) and MED-EL (medical devices) are located in Innsbruck. The headquarters of

Swarovski Swarovski (, ) is an Austrian producer of glass based in Wattens, Austria, and has existed as a family-owned business since its founding in 1895 by Daniel Swarovski. The company is split into three major industry areas: the Swarovski Crystal ...

(glass), Felder Group (mechanical engineering) and Swarco (traffic technology) are located within from the city. Residential property is very expensive by national standards. The average price per square metre in Innsbruck is €4,430 (2015), which is the second highest per square metre price among Austrian cities surpassed only by Salzburg (€4,823), but followed by Vienna (€3,980).

Transport

Innsbruck is located along the A12/A13 highway corridor ( Inn Valley Autobahn and

Brenner Autobahn The Brenner Autobahn ( it, Autostrada del Brennero or it, AutoBrennero, en, Brenner motorway) refers to a major European truck route that connects Innsbruck in Austria to Verona in northern Italy. Numbered as the A13 in the Austrian section, t ...

respectively), providing freeway access to

, Italy and

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...

, Germany. The A12 and A13 converge near Innsbruck, at which point the A13 terminates.

Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof (German for ''Innsbruck Main Station or'' ''Central Station'') is the main railway station in Innsbruck, the capital city of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. Opened in 1853, the station is a major hub for western and c ...

, the most important railway station of Innsbruck and Tyrol, is one of the busiest railway stations in Austria. It is served by the Lower Inn Valley line to Germany and eastern Austria, the Arlberg line to the west and the Brenner line, which connects northern Italy with southern Germany via the

Brenner pass The Brenner Pass (german: link=no, Brennerpass , shortly ; it, Passo del Brennero ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria. It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and ha ...

. Since December 2007 suburban services have been operated as the

Innsbruck S-Bahn The Tyrol S-Bahn provides regional rail services in metropolitan Innsbruck, Austria and its hinterlands in the state of Tyrol. At present, it is only a nominally an S-Bahn in that it only operates on the lines of the Austrian Federal Railways. Expa ...

. Innsbruck Airport is located in the suburb of Kranebitten, which is located in the west of the city. It provides services to airports including

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its ...

, London,

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. It also handles regional flights around the

, as well as seasonal flights to other destinations. During the winter, activity increases significantly, due to the high number of skiers travelling to the region. The airport is approximately from the centre of Innsbruck. Trambahn in Innsbruck

Local public transport is provided by Innsbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe (IVB), a public authority operating a network of bus and

tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport ...

routes. The metre-gauge tram network consists of four city lines, 1, 2, 3 and 5, and two lines serving the surrounding area: , the Innsbrucker Mittelgebirgsbahn to Igls, and line ''STB'', the Stubaitalbahn running through the

Stubai Valley The Stubaital is an alpine valley in Tyrol, Austria. It is the central valley of the Stubai Alps. The river Ruetz flows through the valley. This 35-km long valley runs in northeastern direction from the main chain of the Alps to Schönberg im ...

Fulpmes Fulpmes is a market town and a municipality in Stubaital, Tyrol, Austria. In 2015 it had a population of 4,250, of whom 14.5% did not have Austrian nationality. Fulpmes is the center of iron production in the area, and lies at the base of the Sch ...

. The network is planned to be enlarged during the coming years to reach the neighboring village Rum in the east and Völs in the west. Numerous bus lines serve the inner city and connect it with surrounding areas. Until 2007 the bus network included two

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trol ...

routes, but these were abandoned in preparation for planned expansion of the tram network. In December 2007, the Hungerburgbahn, a

funicular A funicular (, , ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite e ...

service to the district of Hungerburg, was reopened after a two-year closure for extensive rebuilding, with partial realignment and a new extension across the

Inn River The Inn ( la, Aenus; rm, En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The river is long. It is a right tributary of the Danube and it is the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is ...

and into central Innsbruck. The line was also equipped with new vehicles. Because of the unique design of the stations, drafted by the famous architect

Zaha Hadid Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid ( ar, زها حديد ''Zahā Ḥadīd''; 31 October 1950 – 31 March 2016) was an Iraqi-British architect, artist and designer, recognised as a major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centu ...

, the funicular evolves immediately to a new emblem of the city. The line was rebuilt by the Italian company Leitner, and can now carry up to 1,200 persons per hour. It is operated by a private company, the 'Innsbrucker Nordkettenbahnen'.

Education

Innsbruck is a university city, with several locally based colleges and universities. Innsbruck is home to the oldest grammar school ''( Gymnasium)'' of Western Austria, the " Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck". The school was founded in 1562 by the Jesuit order and was the precursor of the university, founded in 1669. Innsbruck hosts several universities. The most well-known are the

University of Innsbruck The University of Innsbruck (german: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; la, Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669. ...

(Leopold-Franzens-Universität), the Innsbruck Medical University, and the university of applied sciences MCI Management Center Innsbruck.

Organizations

* The international headquarters of SOS Children's Villages, one of the world's largest

charities A charitable organization or charity is an organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. educational, religious or other activities serving the public interest or common good). The legal definition of a cha ...

, is located in Innsbruck. * The internationally active NGO

Austrian Service Abroad The Austrian Service Abroad is a non-profit organization founded by Andreas Hörtnagl, Andreas Maislinger and Michael Prochazka in 1998, which sends young Austrians to work in partner institutions worldwide serving Holocaust commemoration in for ...

was founded in Innsbruck in 1992 by

Andreas Maislinger Andreas Maislinger (born 26 February 1955 in St. Georgen near Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian historian and political scientist and founder and chairman of the Austrian Service Abroad, including the Gedenkdienst, the Austrian Social Service ...

and

Andreas Hörtnagl Andreas Hörtnagl (born 28 November 1942) is an Austrian politician. Born in Matrei am Brenner, Hörtnagl was mayor of Gries am Brenner from 1980 to 1992. He became well-known because of the conflict with his predecessor Jakob Strickner, who h ...

. Its central office is located at Hutterweg, Innsbruck. * Innsbruck has two

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which ...

, the Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck and the Innsbruck Medical University. The Innsbruck Medical University has one of Europe's premier ski injury clinics. * The international headquarters of MED-EL, one of the largest producers of cochlear implants, is located in Innsbruck. * The Aouda.X space suit simulator is being developed by the

OeWF The Austrian Space Forum (OeWF) is an expert organization in the field of analogue research, which researches how humans can prepare on Earth for astronautical exploration of other planets. Since the AustroMars mission in 2006, OeWF has been involv ...

in Innsbruck. Also, the Mission Support Centre for many of the OeWF Mars analogue missions is situated in the city. This MSC used time delayed communication with ''Camp Weyprecht'' in the desert near

Erfoud Erfoud ( ber, ⴰⵔⴼⵓⴷ, Latn, ber, Arfud; ar, أرفود) is an oasis town in the Sahara Desert, in the Drâa-Tafilalet region, eastern Morocco. It is divided into several districts: Hay Salam, Hay Jdid, Hay Ziz, Hay el Bathaa, Hay An ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria ...

for the MARS2013 expedition during February 2013.

Notable residents

Margaretha von Habsburg, duchess of Saxony

Portrait of Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle by Willem Key

Monarchy & Aristocracy

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III ( German: ''Friedrich III,'' 21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death. He was the fourth king and first emperor of the House of Habsburg. He was the penultimate emperor to be crow ...

(1415 – 1493), Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death, the first emperor of the

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

. *

Margaret of Austria, Electress of Saxony Margaret of Austria (c. 1416 – 12 February 1486), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Electress of Saxony from 1431 until 1464 by her marriage with the Wettin elector Frederick II. She was a sister of Emperor Frederick III. Life Born ...

(c. 1416–1486), member of the House of Habsburg, was

Electress of Saxony An Electress (, ) was the consort of a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, one of the Empire's greatest princes. The Golden Bull of 1356 established by Emperor Charles IV settled the number of Electors at seven. However, three of these were ...

1431-1464 by her marriage with the Wettin elector Frederick II. She was a sister of Emperor Frederick III. *

Sigismund, Archduke of Austria Sigismund (26 October 1427 – 4 March 1496), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1439 (elevated to Archduke in 1477) until his death. As a scion of the Habsburg Leopoldian line, he ruled over Further Austria and ...

(1427–1496), Habsburg archduke of Austria and ruler of Tirol from 1446 to 1490 * Elisabeth of Brandenburg (1510 – 1558), princess of the

House of Hohenzollern The House of Hohenzollern (, also , german: Haus Hohenzollern, , ro, Casa de Hohenzollern) is a German royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenb ...

and a Margravine of

Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 square ...

Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (20 August 151721 September 1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, was a Bisontin (Free Imperial City of Besançon) statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of the Spanish Habsburg ...

(1517–1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, Burgundian statesman, followed his father as a leading minister of the

Spanish Habsburgs Habsburg Spain is a contemporary historiographical term referring to the huge extent of territories (including modern-day Spain, a piece of south-east France, eventually Portugal, and many other lands outside of the Iberian Peninsula) ruled be ...

. * Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland (1533 – 1572), one of the fifteen children of

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I ( es, Fernando I; 10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564.Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sa ...

and

Anna of Bohemia and Hungary Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547), sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, was Queen of Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary and Archduchess of Austria as the wife of King Ferdinand I (later Holy Roman Emperor). ...

* Anna of Tyrol (1585–1618), by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the

and by marriage

Holy Roman Empress The Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (''Kaiserin des Heiligen Römischen Reiches'') was the wife or widow of the Holy Roman Emperor. The elective dignity of Holy Roman emperor was restricted to males only, but some empress ...

* Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria (1629–1685), by birth Archduchess of Austria as a member of the Tyrolese branch of the

* Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria (1630–1665), ruler of

including Tyrol * Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (1632–1649), by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the

and by marriage the second spouse of her first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III * Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria (1653–1676), by birth Archduchess of Austria and by marriage

and the second wife of Leopold I *

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine Leopold the Good (11 September 1679 – 27 March 1729) was Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death. Through his son Francis Stephen, he is the direct male ancestor of all rulers of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, including all Emperors o ...

Leopold (1679 – 1729), surnamed the Good, was

Duke of Lorraine The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions, since its creation as the kingdom of Lotharingia by the Treaty of Prüm, in 855. The first rulers of the newly established region were kings o ...

and Bar from 1690 * Ignaz Anton von Indermauer (1759–1796), nobleman who was murdered in a peasant revolt *

Henry Taaffe, 12th Viscount Taaffe Heinrich Graf von Taaffe, 12th Viscount Taaffe (22 May 1872 – 25 July 1928) was an Austrian landowner who until 1919 held hereditary titles from two different countries: he was a Count (''Graf'') in the nobility of Austria and a viscount in the ...

(1872–1928), landowner, held hereditary titles from Austria & Ireland until 1919 when he lost both; son of

Eduard Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe Eduard Franz Joseph Graf von Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe (24 February 183329 November 1895) was an Austrian statesman, who served for two terms as Minister-President of Cisleithania, leading cabinets from 1868 to 1870 and 1879 to 1893. He was ...

. * Prince Johannes Heinrich of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1931 in Innsbruck – 2010), prince of the

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry is the Catholic cadet branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, founded after the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág. Among its de ...

Public Service

Eusebio Kino Eusebio Francisco Kino ( it, Eusebio Francesco Chini, es, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711), often referred to as Father Kino, was a Tyrolean Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer born i ...

(1645 – 1711), Jesuit missionary & explorer of Northwest Mexico & Southwest USA, student and later teacher at Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck. *

Josef Speckbacher Josef Speckbacher (13 July 1767, Gnadenwald – 28 March 1820, Hall in Tirol) was a leading figure in the rebellion of the Tyrol against Napoleon.

(1767-1820) a leading figure in the rebellion of the Tyrol against Napoleon * Joseph Hormayr, Baron zu Hortenburg (1781/2–1848) statesman & historian. * Hermann von Gilm (1812–1864) lawyer and poet *

Vinzenz Maria Gredler Vinzenz Maria Gredler (30 September 1823, in Telfs near Innsbruck – 4 May 1912, in Bozen) was an Austrian naturalist. Gredler, who was a Dominican friar, first studied classics (1835–1841) then philosophy and theology (1842–1848). He ...

(1823 in Telfs – 1912) a Dominican friar, classicist, philosopher theologian and naturalist *

Ignatius Klotz Ignatius Klotz, Sr. (November 25, 1843 – February 20, 1911) was an American farmer and politician Born in Innsbruck, Austrian Empire, Klotz received a common school education. In 1848, he emigrated to the United States and settled in the t ...

(1843–1911), American farmer and politician in

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

* Oswald Redlich (1858–1944) historian and archivist of

auxiliary sciences of history Auxiliary (or ancillary) sciences of history are scholarly disciplines which help evaluate and use historical sources and are seen as auxiliary for historical research. Many of these areas of study, classification and analysis were originally dev ...

* Heinrich Schenkl (1859–1919) classical philologist, son of Karl Schenkl * Diana Budisavljević (1891–1978), humanitarian who led a major relief effort in

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label= Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavij ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

* Blessed

Jakob Gapp Jakob Gapp (26 July 1897 – 13 August 1943) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Marianists. Gapp first served as a soldier on the Italian front during World War I at a point in his life where his religious convi ...

(1897-1943) Roman Catholic priest and a

Marianists The Society of Mary ( la, Societas Mariae) abbreviated SM is a clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men ( brothers and priests) commonly called the Marianists or Marianist Brothers and Priests. Its members add the nominal ...

. * Karl Gruber (1909 – 1995) an Austrian politician and diplomat * Reinhold Stecher (1921–2013) prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Bishop of the

Diocese of Innsbruck The Roman Catholic Diocese of Innsbruck ( la, Dioecesis Oenipontanus) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan of Salzburg (in western Austria), covering the Bundesland (state) Tyrol. Its cathedral ...

1980 to 1997. * Professor Dr.

Christian Schwarz-Schilling Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born 19 November 1930) is an Austrian-born German politician, entrepreneur, philanthropist and media and telecommunications innovator who served as High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1 February 2006 ...

(born 1930 in Innsbruck) a German politician, entrepreneur, philanthropist and media and telecommunications innovator. *

Marcello Spatafora Marcello Spatafora (born 30 July 1941) is a retired Italian diplomat, former Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations. Career Marcello Spatafora was born in Innsbruck, Austria. He studied law at the University of Pisa, at the pr ...

(born 1941), Italian diplomat, former

Permanent Representative A permanent representative is a diplomat who is the head of a country’s diplomatic mission to an international organisation. Organizations that receive permanent representatives from their member states include the United Nations, the World T ...

of Italy to the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizi ...

* Gerhard Pfanzelter (born 1943 in Innsbruck) prominent Austrian diplomat. *

(born 1955) Austrian historian and founder of the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service * Christoph Hofinger (born 1967) researcher and political consultant *

Gabriel Kuhn Gabriel Kuhn (born 1972) is a political writer and translator based in Sweden. Biography Kuhn became straight edge and active in radical circles as a teenager. Following post-secondary studies in Austria and the United States, Kuhn lived in t ...

(born 1972), political writer and translator based in Sweden * René Benko (born 1977), real estate investor and founder of

Signa Holding Signa Holding GmbH (stylized as SIGNA) is Austria’s largest privately owned real estate company. Signa was founded in 2000 by the Tyrolean entrepreneur René Benko. Over the years, it has become a pan-European real estate group with more th ...

War figures

* Raoul Stojsavljevic (1887 in Innsbruck - 1930) World War I flying ace *

Otto Hofmann Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fro ...

(1896–1982), SS-Obergruppenführer director of Nazi Germany's "Race and Settlement Main Office", sentenced to 25 years for war crimes in 1948, pardoned 1954 * Robert Bernardis (1908–1944) resistance fighter, part of the attempt to kill

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

in the

20 July Plot On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. Th ...

in 1944. * Anton Malloth (1912 – 2002) a supervisor in the

Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination camp ...

. * Constanze Manziarly (1920-1945) cook/dietitian to

until his final days in 1945

Arts

* Jacob Regnart (1540s–1599) Flemish Renaissance composer of sacred and secular music * William Young (died 1662) English viol player and composer of the Baroque era, who worked at the court of

Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria Ferdinand Charles (17 May 1628 – 30 December 1662) was the Archduke of Further Austria, including Tyrol, from 1646 to 1662. As the son of Archduke Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici, he succeeded his father upon the latter's death in 1632, un ...

in Innsbruck * Johann Paul Schor (1615–1674), artist, known in Rome as "Giovanni Paolo Tedesco" * Michael Ignaz Mildorfer (1690–1747), painter, painted primarily religious themed works * Josef Ignaz Mildorfer (1719–1775), painter of frescoes *

Franz Edmund Weirotter Franz Edmund Weirotter (May 1733 – 11 May 1771) was an Austrian painter, draughtsman and etcher. Weirotter was born in Innsbruck, and painted primarily landscapes and maritime scenes. He traveled to Paris and Rome where he produced a numb ...

(1733–1771), painter, draughtsman and etcher primarily of landscapes and maritime scenes *

Georg Mader Georg Mader (September 9, 1824 – May 31, 1881) was an Austrian painter. Mader was born in Steinach, Tyrol. He became a miller by profession, though aspired to art, and studied for two years under Hans Mader in Innsbruck. He soon returned to m ...

(1824 – 1881) an Austrian painter. *

Edgar Meyer Edgar Meyer (born November 24, 1960) is an American bassist and composer. His styles include classical, bluegrass, newgrass, and jazz. He has won five Grammy Awards and been nominated seven times. Meyer is a member of the Telluride Bluegras ...

(1853–1925), painter, built himself a castle and engaged in politics *

Karl Schönherr Karl Schönherr (24 February 1867 - 15 March 1943) was an Austrian writer of Austrian Heimat themes. Biography Schönherr was born in Axams, near Innsbruck ( Austria), to Joseph and Marie Suitner Schönherr. He began studying philosophy in Inn ...

(1867 - 1943) Austrian writer of Austrian

Heimat ''Heimat'' () is a German word translating to 'home' or 'homeland'. The word has connotations specific to German culture, German society and specifically German Romanticism, German nationalism, German statehood and regionalism so that it ha ...

themes. *

Mimi Gstöttner-Auer Mimi Gstöttner-Auer (1886–1977) was an Austrian stage and film actress.Köfler & Forcher, p. 147. She was the younger sister of Anna Exl and the aunt of Ilse Exl. She was married to the actor Ernst Auer. On the stage she was generally known ...

(1886–1977) Austrian stage and film actress *

Clemens Holzmeister Clemens Holzmeister (27 March 1886 – 12 June 1983) was a prominent Austrian architect and stage designer of the early twentieth century. The Austrian Academy of Fine Arts listed his life's work as containing 673 projects. He was the father of ...

(1886–1983), architect and stage designer * Erwin Faber (1891–1989), leading actor in Munich and Germany, in the late-1970s he performed at the

Residenz Theatre The Residence Theatre (in German: Residenztheater) or New Residence Theatre (Neues Residenztheater) of the Residence in Munich was built from 1950 to 1951 by Karl Hocheder. The renovation of 1981 by Alexander von Branca removed the decoration whi ...

* Igo Sym (1896–1941), Austrian-born Polish actor and collaborator with Nazi Germany *

Carl-Heinz Schroth Carl-Heinz Schroth (29 June 1902 – 19 July 1989) was a German actor and film director. He appeared in 60 films between 1931 and 1989. He also directed seven films between 1953 and 1963. He was born in Innsbruck, Austria, to Else Ruttershe ...

(1902–1989), actor and film director, appeared in 60 films *

Heinrich C. Berann Heinrich Caesar Berann (31 March 1915 – 4 December 1999) was an Austrian painter and cartographer. He achieved world fame with his panoramic maps that combined modern cartography with classical painting. His work includes maps of Olympic Games ...

(1915–1999) father of the modern panorama map, born into a family of painters and sculptors *

Peter Demant Peter Demant (in Russian – Петр Зигмундович Демант) (literary pseudonym – Vernon Kress (in Russian – Вернон Кресс) (22 August 1918, Innsbruck, Austria – 11 December 2006, Moscow, Russia) was a Russian writ ...

(1918 in Innsbruck – 2006) a Russian writer and public figure. * Judith Holzmeister (1920–2008) actress, married to the actor

Curd Jürgens Curd Gustav Andreas Gottlieb Franz Jürgens (13 December 191518 June 1982) was a German-Austrian stage and film actor. He was usually billed in English-speaking films as Curt Jurgens. He was well known for playing Ernst Udet in '' Des Teufels Gen ...

1947–1955 *

Otmar Suitner Otmar Suitner (German pronunciation: �ɔtmaʁ zuˈiːtnɐ 16 May 1922 – 8 January 2010) was an Austrian conductor who spent most of his professional career in East Germany. He was born in Innsbruck and died in Berlin. He was Principal Conduct ...

(1922–2010) conductor who spent most of his professional career in East Germany, Principal Conductor of the

Staatskapelle Dresden The Staatskapelle Dresden (known formally as the Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden) is a German orchestra based in Dresden, the capital of Saxony. Founded in 1548 by Maurice, Elector of Saxony, it is one of the world's oldest and most highly r ...

from 1960 to 1964 * Dietmar Schönherr (1926–2014) an Austrian film actor * Ilse von Alpenheim (born 1927) pianist * William Berger (born 1928 in Innsbruck - 1993) was an Austrian American actor * Erich Urbanner (born 1936 in Innsbruck) Austrian composer and teacher. * Peter Noever (born 1941 in Innsbruck) designer and curator–at–large of art and architecture * Christian Berger (born 1945) Austrian

cinematographer The cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the person responsible for the photographing or recording of a film, television production, music video or other live action piece. The cinematographer is the c ...

Radu Malfatti Radu Malfatti is an Austrian trombone and harmonica player, and composer. He was born in Innsbruck, in the province of Tyrol, on December 16, 1943. Malfatti is associated with the style of music known as reductionism and has been described as " ...

(born 1946), trombone player and composer *

Helga Anders Helga Anders (11 January 1948 – 30 March 1986) was an Austrian actress. She was born Helga Scherz in Innsbruck, to an Austrian father and a German mother, and she grew up in Ruhpolding and Bielefeld after her parents divorced. She made h ...

(1948 – 1986) Austrian television actress * Reed Gratz (born 1950), Jazz pianist/composer, Professor at University of Innsbruc

*

Gabriele Sima Gabriele Sima (25 February 1955 – 27 April 2016) was an Austrian opera singer who had an active international performance career since 1979. Particularly known for her appearances at the Salzburg Festival, the Vienna State Opera, and the Zuri ...

(1955–2016), opera singer *

Norbert Pümpel Norbert Pümpel (born 1956 in Innsbruck, Austria) is a visual artist who lives and works in Drosendorf an der Thaya in Austria. Biography Pümpel's artistic career began with concept art at the end of the 1970s. He decided not to attend an aca ...

(born 1956 Innsbruck) a visual artist. *

Gabriele Fontana Gabriele Fontana (b. 1958 Innsbruck) is an Austrian operatic soprano. Biography Fontana made her professional opera debut in 1980 as Pamina in ''Die Zauberflöte'' with Oper Frankfurt. She joined the Hamburg State Opera in 1982 where she sang Pami ...

(born 1958 Innsbruck) an Austrian operatic soprano. * Thomas Larcher (born 1963 in Innsbruck) an Austrian composer and pianist. * Armin Wolf (born 1966), journalist and television anchor * Eva Lind (born 1966), operatic soprano * Aleksandar Marković (born 1975) Serbian, principal conductor of Tyrolean Opera House *

Alice Tumler Alice Tumler (born 11 November 1978) is an Austrian television presenter. Early life and education Tumler was born in Innsbruck and is the daughter of an Austrian father with Slovenian-Italian descent and a French mother from the island of Marti ...

(born 1978), television presenter *

Georg Neuhauser Georg Neuhauser (born February 22, 1982) is an Austrian metal vocalist, best known as the lead vocalist and songwriter for the Austrian symphonic power metal band Serenity. He helped create the stable line up of Serenity in 2004, and has relea ...

(born 1982), singer in

Serenity (band) Serenity is an Austrian symphonic power metal band, which was originally formed back in 2001. They became a more stable group with a consistent line-up in 2004, when it also began using more progressive and power influences than earlier. They ha ...

Manu Delago Manu Delago (born 31 July 1984) is an Austrian Hang player, percussionist and composer based in London. Biography Delago was born in Innsbruck, Tyrol, and took music lessons as a child in accordion and piano. As a teenager he mainly played d ...

(born 1984), Hang player, percussionist and composer based in London *

Amira El Sayed Amira El Sayed is an Austrian actress and author based in Vienna, Austria. Amira El Sayed was born on the 3 June 1991 in Innsbruck, Austria. She is the only child of Erika El Sayed, an Austrian language and history teacher and Adel El Sayed, a u ...

(born Innsbruck 1991) an Egyptian-Austrian actress and author * Nathan Trent (born 1992) singer for Austria in the

Eurovision Song Contest 2017 The Eurovision Song Contest 2017 was the 62nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Kyiv, Ukraine, following the country's victory at the with the song "1944" by Jamala. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and ...

* Victoria Swarovski (born Innsbruck 1994), singer, TV Presenter ''Let's Dance Germany'', Billionaire Heiress of the

empire

Science

* Adam Tanner (1572–1632) Jesuit professor of maths and philosophy, eponym of the moon crater

Tannerus Adam Tanner (in Latin, Tannerus; April 14, 1572 – May 25, 1632) was an Austrian Jesuit theologian. He was born in Innsbruck, Austria. In 1589 he joined the Society of Jesus and became a teacher. By 1603 he was invited to join the Jesuit Coll ...

Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau, Count of Rosenau (7 November 1660, Steinach am Brenner, Austria – 14 October 1731, Schloss Rosenau, Coburg) was an Austrian ornithologist. Ferdinand Pernau entered the University of Altdorf (near Nuremberg) at a ...

, Count of Rosenau (1660–1731) Austrian

ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting was an Austrian entomologist. He was born in Innsbruck on 4 February 1754 and died in the same city on 7 May 1797, and was a Professor of Natural Science (Naturgeschichte) in Innsbruck. He described new species and gen ...

(1754–1797), entomologist and Professor of Natural Science *

Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb von Besser Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb von Besser (7 July 1784 – 11 October 1842), known in Russia as Vilibald Gotlibovich Besser (russian: Вилибальд Готлибович Бессер) was an Austrian empire, Austrian-born botanist active in t ...

(1784–1842), Austrian-born botanist who mainly worked in western Ukraine *

Philipp Sarlay Philipp Sarlay, also named ''Filipp Sarlay'' (10 December 1826, in Klattau – 5 April 1908, in Innsbruck, Tyrol) was an Austrian principal of telegraph office of Austrian-Hungarian origin and a pioneer in technological and scientific accomplish ...

(1826 - 1908) principal of telegraph office, technological and scientific pioneer *

Leopold Pfaundler Leopold Pfaundler von Hadermur (14 February 1839 – 6 May 1920) was an Austrian physicist and chemist born in Innsbruck. He was the father of pediatrician Meinhard von Pfaundler (1872-1947), and the father-in-law of pediatrician Theodor Escherich ...

(1839–1920), physicist and chemist, wrote the

kinetic theory of gases Kinetic (Ancient Greek: κίνησις “kinesis”, movement or to move) may refer to: * Kinetic theory, describing a gas as particles in random motion * Kinetic energy In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it ...

* Georg Luger (1849 – 1923) an Austrian designer of the famous

Luger pistol The Pistole Parabellum—or Parabellum-Pistole (Pistol Parabellum), commonly known as just Luger or Luger P08 is a toggle-locked recoil-operated semi-automatic pistol. The Luger was produced in several models and by several nations from 1898 ...

Erwin Payr Erwin Payr (17 February 1871 – 6 April 1946) was an Austrian-German surgeon born in Innsbruck. Following graduation in 1894 at Innsbruck, he worked as an assistant at the first pathological anatomy institute in Vienna. Afterwards he became ...

(1871–1946), surgeon, eponymn of Splenic-flexure syndrome or "Payr's disease" *

Meinhard von Pfaundler Meinhard von Pfaundler (name sometimes given as Meinhard Pfaundler von Hadermur); (7 June 1872 – 20 June 1947) was an Austrian pediatrician born in Innsbruck. He was the son of Leopold Pfaundler. In 1890 he began his medical studies in Innsbruck ...

(1872–1947), pediatrician, interest in the diathetic aspects of disease * Arnold Durig (1872 – 1961) Austrian physiologist, investigated

organisms at high altitude Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable ...

Otto E. Neugebauer Otto Eduard Neugebauer (May 26, 1899 – February 19, 1990) was an Austrian-American mathematician and historian of science who became known for his research on the history of astronomy and the other exact sciences as they were practiced in anti ...

(1899–1990) Austrian-American mathematician and historian of science *

Bruno de Finetti Bruno de Finetti (13 June 1906 – 20 July 1985) was an Italian probabilist statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability. The classic exposition of his distinctive theory is the 1937 "La prévision: ...

(1906–1985), Italian probabilist,

statistician A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors. It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may wor ...

and actuary, noted for the conception of

probability Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an Event (probability theory), event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and ...

* Meinhard Michael Moser (1924–2002)

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as w ...

of the taxonomy, chemistry and toxicity of the gilled mushrooms * Klaus Riedle (born 1941 in Innsbruck) German power engineering scientist, contributed to the development of more efficient gas turbines for power generation * Prof. Herbert Lochs (1946 – 2015) prominent German/Austrian medical doctor and scientist *

Peter Zoller Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a ...

(born Innsbruck 1952) theoretical physicist and Professor at the

* Wolfgang Scheffler (born 1956), inventor/promoter of large, flexible, parabolic reflecting dishes that concentrate sunlight for cooking and in the world's first solar-powered crematorium *

Christian Spielmann Christian Spielmann (born 1963, Innsbruck, Austria) is an Austrian physicist and a professor at the University of Jena Education and career Spielmann obtained his Ph.D. in 1989 at the Vienna University of Technology where he also habilitated in ...

(born 1963), physicist and a professor at the

University of Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (german: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The un ...

Sport

Hady Pfeiffer Hady Pfeifer, née Lantschner (22 September 1906 – 10 December 2002) was an Austrian and later German alpine skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics. She was born in Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bav ...

(1906–2002), Austrian/German alpine skier, competed

1936 Winter Olympics The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (german: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 ( bar, Garmasch-Partakurch 1936), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 ...

* Roderich Menzel (1907–1987), amateur tennis player and, after his active career, an author *

Lotte Scheimpflug Karoline ″Lotte″ Scheimpflug ( Embacher, 15 June 1908 – 30 January 1997) was an Austrian (later Italian) luger who competed from the late 1920s to the late 1950s. Born in Innsbruck in June 1908, she won a gold medal in the women's si ...

(1908–?), Austrian/Italian luger, competed 1920s to the 1950s * Gustav Lantschner (1910–2011), alpine skier & actor, competed

Erich Eliskases Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (15 February 1913 – 2 February 1997) was a chess player who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. In the late 1930s he was considered a potential contender for the World Championship. ...

(1913–1997), chess grandmaster of the 1930s and 1940s, represented Austria, Germany and Argentina * Hermann Buhl (1924–1957) mountaineer, considered one of the best climbers of all time *

Egon Schöpf Egon Schöpf (born 16 October 1925) is an Austrian alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics The 1948 Winter Olympics, officially known as the V Olympic Winter Games (german: V. Olympische Winterspiele; french: Ves Jeux olympiques d ...

(born 1925) alpine skier, competed in the

1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...

and

1952 Winter Olympics The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games ( no, De 6. olympiske vinterleker; nn, Dei 6. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Oslo 1952, was a winter multi-sport event held from 14 to 25 February 195 ...

* Dagmar Rom (born 1928) a former alpine ski racer, won two gold medals at the 1950 World Championships *

Walter Steinegger Walter Steinegger (born 5 November 1928) is an Austrian former ski jumper who competed from 1952 to 1963. He finished 14th in the individual large hill at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He was born in Innsbruck. Steinegger's best career finish ...

(born 1928) former ski jumper who competed in the

* Fritz Dinkhauser (born 1940) hammer thrower and bobsleigher at the 1968 Winter Olympics *

Gert Elsässer Gert Elsässer (born 1949) is an Austrian skeleton racer Skeleton is a winter sliding sport in which a person rides a small sled, known as a skeleton bobsled (or -sleigh), down a frozen track while lying face down and head-first. The spor ...

(born 1949), skeleton racer who competed in the early 1980s * Franz Marx (born 1963), sport wrestler, qualified for the Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona * Markus Prock (born 1964), luger who competed between 1983 and 2002 *

Barbara Schett Barbara Schett Eagle (; born 10 March 1976) is an Austrian former professional tennis player, who reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 7 in September 1999. Between 1993 and 2004 she played in 48 matches for the Austria Fed Cup team, ...

(born 1976) Austrian tennis player and sportscaster * Fritz Dopfer (born 1987) World Cup alpine ski racer, specializing in the giant slalom and slalom * David Lama (1990–2019) Rock climber and mountaineer. * René Binder (born 1992), racing driver *

Susanna Kurzthaler Susanna Kurzthaler (born 16 May 1995) is an Austrian biathlete. She was born in Innsbruck. She won a gold medal at the Biathlon Junior World Championships 2016 The 2016 Biathlon Junior World Championships was held in Fundata, Cheile Grădiştei ...

(born 1995), biathlete *

Vanessa Herzog Vanessa Herzog (''née'' Bittner; born 4 July 1995) is an Austrian speed skater. She competed at the 2013 World Sprint Championships in Salt Lake City, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-С� ...

(born 1995), speed skater *

Gregor Schlierenzauer Gregor Schlierenzauer (; born 7 January 1990) is an Austrian former ski jumper who competed from 2006 to 2021. He is one of the most successful ski jumpers of all time, having won the Ski Jumping World Cup overall title, the Four Hills Tourna ...

(born Innsbruck 1994), Ski jumper, all time leader in the number of World Cup victories

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population of about 230,000 (as o ...

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

, Germany ''(since 1963)'' *

Grenoble lat, Gratianopolis , commune status = Prefecture and commune , image = Panorama grenoble.png , image size = , caption = From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint- ...

in Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France ''(since 1963)'' *

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see names in other languages'') is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajev ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...

''(since 1980)'' *

Aalborg Aalborg (, , ) is Denmark's fourth largest town (behind Copenhagen, Aarhus, and Odense) with a population of 119,862 (1 July 2022) in the town proper and an urban population of 143,598 (1 July 2022). As of 1 July 2022, the Municipality of ...

in Denmark ''(since 1982)'' *

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million p ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to t ...

''(since 1982)'' * Ōmachi in Japan, ''(since 1985)'' *

New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a U.S. state, state in the Deep South and South Central United States, South Central regions of the United States. It is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 20th-smal ...

, United States ''(since 1995)''

Partnerships

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 159 ...

Lesser Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province (in pl, województwo małopolskie ), also known as Małopolska, is a voivodeship (province), in southern Poland. It has an area of , and a population of 3,404,863 (2019). It was created on 1 ...

, Poland ''(since 1998)''

Austrian Service Abroad

The

is a NGO, which provides positions for an alternative Austrian national service at 85 organizations in 35 countries worldwide in the sectors Holocaust Memorial Service,

Social Service Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged. They may be provided by individuals, private and independent organisations, or administ ...

and Peace Service. It was founded by

and

in 1998 and is based in Innsbruck.

References

;Citations ;Bibliography * * * * * *