The WD40 repeat (also known as the WD or beta-transducin repeat) is a short
structural motif of approximately 40
amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha a ...
s, often terminating in a
tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W)
is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic ...
-
aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide.
Tandem copies of these repeats typically fold together to form a type of circular
solenoid protein domain
Solenoid protein domains are a highly modular type of protein domain. They consist of a chain of nearly identical folds, often simply called tandem repeats. They are extremely common among all types of proteins, though exact figures are unknown.
...
called the WD40 domain.
Structure
WD40 domain-containing proteins have 4 to 16 repeating units, all of which are thought to form a circularised
beta-propeller
In structural biology, a beta-propeller (β-propeller) is a type of all-β protein architecture characterized by 4 to 8 highly symmetrical blade-shaped beta sheets arranged toroidally around a central axis. Together the beta-sheets form a funnel ...
structure (see figure to the right).
The WD40 domain is composed of several repeats, a variable region of around 20 residues at the beginning followed by a more common repeated set of residues. These repeats typically form a four stranded anti-parallel beta sheet or blade. These blades come together to form a propeller with the most common being a 7 bladed beta propeller. The blades interlock so that the last beta strand of one repeat forms with the first three of the next repeat to form the 3D blade structure.
Function
WD40-repeat proteins are a large family found in all
eukaryotes and are implicated in a variety of functions ranging from
signal transduction and
transcription regulation
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from alt ...
to
cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and sub ...
control,
autophagy and
apoptosis.
The underlying common function of all WD40-repeat proteins is coordinating multi-protein complex assemblies, where the repeating units serve as a rigid
scaffold
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures. Scaffolds are widely used ...
for protein interactions. The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. Examples of such complexes are
G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their a ...
s (beta subunit is a beta-propeller),
TAFII transcription factor, and
E3 ubiquitin ligase
A ubiquitin ligase (also called an E3 ubiquitin ligase) is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquiti ...
.
Examples
According to the initial analysis of the human genome WD40 repeats are the eighth largest family of proteins. In all 277 proteins were identified to contain them.
Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain include:
*
AAAS,
AAMP,
AHI1
The Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) is a protein coding gene that is known for the critical role it plays in brain development. Proper cerebellar and cortical development in the human brain depends heavily on AHI1. The AHI1 gene is promi ...
,
AMBRA1,
APAF1
Apoptotic protease activating factor 1, also known as APAF1, is a human homolog of ''C. elegans'' CED-4 gene.
Function
The protein was identified in the lab of Xiaodong Wang as an activator of caspase-3 in the presense of cytochromeC and dATP ...
,
ARPC1A
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARPC1A'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." mean ...
,
ARPC1B,
ATG16L1,
*
BOP1
Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BOP1'' gene.
Function
It is a WD40 repeat-containing nucleolar protein involved in rRNA processing, thereby controlling the cell cycle. It is required for the ma ...
,
BRWD1
Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 (BRWD1) also known as WD repeat-containing protein 9 (WDR9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRWD1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD re ...
,
BRWD3
Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRWD3'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a bromodomain and several WD repeats. It is thought to have a chromatin-modifying f ...
,
BTRC,
BUB3
Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BUB3'' gene.
Bub3 is a protein involved with the regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC); though BUB3 is non-essential in yeast, it is essential in hig ...
,
*
C6orf11,
CDC20
The cell division cycle protein 20 homolog is an essential regulator of cell division that is encoded by the ''CDC20'' gene in humans. To the best of current knowledge its most important function is to activate the anaphase promoting complex (APC/ ...
,
CDC40,
CDRT1,
CHAF1B,
CIAO1
Probable cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly protein CIAO1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CIAO1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of ...
,
CIRH1A,
COPA
Copa or COPA may refer to:
COPA
COPA may refer to:
* Computer Operator Programming Assistant. trade of ITI
* Child Online Protection Act, a former U.S. law to protect minors from certain material on the internet
* Canadian Owners and Pilots Ass ...
,
COPB2
Coatomer subunit beta is a protein that is encoded by the ''COPB2'' gene in humans.
Function
The Golgi coatomer complex (see MIM 601924) constitutes the coat of nonclathrin-coated vesicles and is essential for Golgi budding and vesicular traff ...
,
CORO1A,
CORO1B,
CORO1C,
CORO2A,
CORO2B,
CORO6,
CORO7,
CSTF1
Cleavage stimulation factor 50 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CSTF1'' gene.
This gene encodes one of three subunits which combine to form cleavage stimulation factor (CSTF). CSTF is involved in the polyadenylation an ...
,
*
DDB2,
DENND3,
DMWD,
DMXL1,
DMXL2,
DNAI1,
DNAI2,
DNCI1,
DTL,
DYNC1I1
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNC1I1'' gene.
In melanocytic cells DYNC1I1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.
Interactions
DYNC1I1 has been shown to interact with DYNLL1
Dynei ...
,
DYNC1I2
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNC1I2'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meanin ...
,
EDC4,
*
EED,
EIF3S2,
ELP2
Elongator complex protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ELP2'' gene.
Interactions
ELP2 has been shown to interact with STAT3 and Janus kinase 1
JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type ...
,
EML1
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EML1'' gene.
Human echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like is a strong candidate for the Usher syndrome type 1A gene. Usher syndromes (USHs) ...
,
EML2 EML or eml may refer to:
Computing
* .eml, a file extension
* Ecological Metadata Language
* Election Markup Language
* Emotion Markup Language
Other uses
* East Malling railway station, in England
* East Manchester Line, a tram line of th ...
,
EML3,
EML4
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EML4'' gene.
This protein is involved in cancers when spliced with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) also known as A ...
,
EML4-ALK,
EML5,
ERCC8
DNA excision repair protein ERCC-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ERCC8'' gene.
This gene encodes a WD repeat protein, which interacts with the Cockayne syndrome type B (CSB) and p44 proteins, the latter being a subunit of the R ...
,
*
FBXW10,
FBXW11
βTrCP2 (beta-transducin repeat containing protein 2; also known as Fbxw11 or HOS) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FBXW11'' (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11) gene.
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family w ...
,
FBXW2
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FBXW2'' gene.
Function
F-box proteins are an expanding family of eukaryotic proteins characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F box. Some F- ...
,
FBXW4,
FBXW5,
FBXW7
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FBXW7'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F ...
,
FBXW8,
FBXW9,
FZR1
Fizzy-related protein homolog, also known as hCDH1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FZR1'' gene.
Interactions
FZR1 has been shown to interact with CDC27 and FBXO5
F-box only protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by ...
,
* GBL,
GEMIN5,
GNB1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB1'' gene.
Function
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors a ...
,
GNB1L,
GNB2
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB2'' gene.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector ...
,
GNB2L1
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), also known as guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1), is a 35 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the RACK1 gene.
Function
RACK1 was originally isolated and identified a ...
,
GNB3
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB3'' gene.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ( G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and eff ...
,
GNB4
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB4'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." m ...
,
GNB5
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB5'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist.
Function
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding prote ...
,
GRWD1,
GTF3C2,
*
HERC1,
HIRA Hira may refer to:
Places
* Cave of Hira, a cave associated with Muhammad
*Al-Hirah, an ancient Arab city in Iraq
** Battle of Hira, 633AD, between the Sassanians and the Rashidun Caliphate
*Hira Mountains, Japan
* Hira, New Zealand, settlement no ...
,
HZGJ,
*
IFT121,
IFT122,
IFT140
IFT140, Intraflagellar transport 140 homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFT140'' gene. The gene product forms a core component of IFT-A complex which is indipensible for retrograde intraflagellar transport within the primary ...
,
IFT172,
IFT80
Intraflagellar transport protein 80 homolog (IFT80), also known as WD repeat-containing protein 56, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFT80'' gene.
Function
IFT80 is part of the intraflagellar transport complex B and is necessary ...
,
IQWD1,
*
KATNB1
Katanin p80 WD40-containing subunit B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KATNB1'' gene.
Microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits, form the mitotic spindle of a dividing cell and help to organize membranous organelle ...
,
KIAA1336,
KIF21A,
KIF21B,
KM-PA-2,
*
KEAP1
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''Keap1'' gene.
Structure
Keap1 has four discrete protein domains. The N-terminal Broad complex, Tramtrack and Bric-à-Brac (BTB) domain contains the Cys151 res ...
,
*
LLGL1,
LLGL2,
LRBA
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LRBA'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of here ...
,
LRRK1,
LRRK2
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), also known as dardarin (from the Basque word "dardara" which means trembling) and PARK8 (from early identified association with Parkinson's disease), is a large, multifunctional kinase enzyme that in humans i ...
,
LRWD1,
LYST
Lysosomal trafficking regulator is a vesicular transport protein associated with Chédiak–Higashi syndrome.
In melanocytic cells LYST gene expression may be regulated by MITF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class ...
,
*
MAPKBP1,
MED16
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MED16'' gene.
Interactions
MED16 has been shown to interact with Thyroid hormone receptor alpha, Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor ...
,
MORG1,
*
NBEA,
NBEAL1,
NEDD1
Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 1, also known as Nedd1, is a human gene
and encodes the protein NEDD1.
NEDD1 is localized in the centrosome and it plays a role in mitosis through its interaction with γ-tubulin. W ...
,
NLE1
Notchless protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NLE1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' ...
,
NSMAF,
NUP37,
NUP43
Nucleoporin 43 (Nup43) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NUP43'' gene.
Bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. NPCs a ...
,
NWD1
NWD1, short for NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1, is a gene found in vertebrates, which encodes a protein that contains a NACHT domain and a WD40 repeat domain. It was originally identified during a search for immune system genes in zebrafi ...
,
*
PAAF1,
PAFAH1B1
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PAFAH1B1'' gene. The protein is often referred to as Lis1 and plays an important role in regulating the motor protein Dynein.
Function
...
,
PAK1IP1
p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PAK1IP1'' gene.
Interactions
PAK1IP1 has been shown to interact with PAK1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is ...
,
PEX7
Peroxin-7 is a receptor associated with Refsum's disease and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1.
See also
* Peroxin
Peroxins (or peroxisomal/peroxisome biogenesis factors) represent several protein families found in peroxisomes ...
,
PHIP
PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo ,5-byridine) is one of the most abundant heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in cooked meat. PhIP is formed at high temperatures from the reaction between creatine or creatinine (found in muscle meats), amino aci ...
,
PIK3R4
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4, also known as PI3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 or PI3-kinase p150 subunit or phosphoinositide 3-kinase adaptor protein, or ''VPS15'' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PIK3R4'' gene
...
,
PLAA,
PLRG1
Pleiotropic regulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLRG1'' gene.
Interactions
PLRG1 has been shown to interact with CDC5L
Cell division cycle 5-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC5L'' gene.
...
,
PPP2R2A
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform is an enzyme regulator that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2A'' gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B fam ...
,
PPP2R2B
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2B'' gene.
The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase ...
,
PPP2R2C
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2C'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the ...
,
PPP2R2D
PP2A subunit B isoform delta also known as serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP2R2D gene. It is a regulatory subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phos ...
,
PPWD1,
PREB
Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PREB'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein that specifically binds to a Pit1-binding element of the prolactin (PRL) promoter. This protein may act as a tra ...
,
PRPF19,
PRPF4,
PWP1
Periodic tryptophan protein 1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PWP1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gen ...
,
PWP2
Periodic tryptophan protein 2 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PWP2'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gen ...
,
*
RAE1
mRNA export factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAE1'' gene.
Mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rae1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gle2 genes have been shown to result in accumulation of poly(A)-containing mRNA in the nu ...
,
RPTOR
Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR also known as raptor or KIAA1303 is an adapter protein that is encoded in humans by the ''RPTOR'' gene. Two mRNAs from the gene have been identified that encode proteins of 1335 (isoform 1) and 1177 (isofor ...
,
RBBP4 #REDIRECT RBBP4
{{R from other capitalization
...
,
RBBP5
Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBBP5'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein and belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat prote ...
,
RBBP7
Histone-binding protein RBBP7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBBP7'' gene.
Function
This protein is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein and belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat proteins. It is found among ...
,
RFWD2,
RFWD3,
RRP9
U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RRP9'' gene.
See also
* Fibrillarin
* Small nucleolar RNA U3
* RCL1
RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein is an enzyme that in humans is en ...
,
*
SCAP
SCAP may refer to:
* S.C.A.P., an early French manufacturer of cars and engines
* Security Content Automation Protocol
* ''The Shackled City Adventure Path'', a role-playing game
* SREBP cleavage activating protein
* Supervisory Capital Assessment ...
,
SEC13,
SEC31A
Protein transport protein Sec31A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SEC31A'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the SEC31 protein from yeast. The yeast SEC31 protein is known to be a component of the COPII protein c ...
,
SEC31B,
SEH1L,
SHKBP1,
SMU1
WD40 repeat-containing protein SMU1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMU1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gen ...
,
SPAG16, SPG,
STRAP
A strap, sometimes also called strop, is an elongated wikt:flap, flap or ribbon, usually of leather or other flexible materials.
Thin straps are used as part of clothing or baggage, or bedding such as a sleeping bag. See for example spaghetti s ...
,
STRN,
STRN3,
STRN4,
STXBP5
Syntaxin-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STXBP5'' gene. It is also known as tomosyn, after , "friend" in Japanese, for its role as a binding protein.
Function
Syntaxin 1 is a component of the 7S and 20S SNARE ...
,
STXBP5L,
*
TAF5
Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TAF5'' gene.
Function
Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coord ...
,
TAF5L
TAF5-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor-associated factor 65 kDa subunit 5L is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TAF5L'' gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the WD-repeat TAF5 family of proteins. This g ...
,
TBL1X
Transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked, also known as TBL1X, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''TBL1X'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. ...
,
TBL1XR1
F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TBL1XR1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a ...
,
TBL1Y,
TBL2
Part of the troff suite of Unix document layout tools, tbl is a preprocessor that formats tables in preparation for processing with troff/nroff.
Overview
Mike Lesk is the original author of tbl. Like the main troff program, it uses command li ...
,
TBL3
Transducin beta-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TBL3'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation ...
,
TEP1,
THOC3,
THOC6,
TLE1
Transducin-like enhancer protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE1'' gene.
Interactions
TLE1 has been shown to interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex ...
,
TLE2
Transducin-like enhancer protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE2'' gene.
Interactions
TLE2 has been shown to interact with TLE1 and HES1
Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is en ...
,
TLE3
Transducin-like enhancer protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE3'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generat ...
,
TLE4
Transducin-like enhancer protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLE4'' gene.
Interactions
TLE4 has been shown to interact with PAX5
Paired box protein Pax-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PAX5'' gene.
F ...
,
TLE6,
TRAF7,
TSSC1,
TULP4,
TUWD12,
*
UTP15
U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene.
See also
* Fibrillarin
* Small nucleolar RNA U3
* RCL1
* RRP9
* UTP6
* UTP11L
* UTP14A
U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ...
,
UTP18,
*
WAIT1,
WDF3,
WDFY1,
WDFY2,
WDFY3
WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDFY3'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein which contains WD repeats and an FYVE domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been f ...
,
WDFY4,
WDHD1,
WDR1
WD repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR1'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein containing 9 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved residues, most ...
,
WDR10,
WDR11
WD repeat-containing protein 11 (WDR11) also known as bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 2 (BRWD2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR11 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repe ...
,
WDR12
Ribosome biogenesis protein WDR12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR12'' gene on chromosome 2. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. WDR12 participates in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation as a comp ...
,
WDR13,
WDR16,
WDR17,
WDR18
WD repeat domain 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR18 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically brackete ...
,
WDR19,
WDR20,
WDR21A,
WDR21C,
WDR22 WDR may refer to:
* Waddell & Reed (stock ticker: WDR), an American asset management and financial planning company
* Walt Disney Records, an American record label of the Disney Music Group
* WDR neuron, a type of neuron involved in pain signalling ...
,
WDR23,
WDR24
WD repeat-containing protein 24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR24'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generati ...
,
WDR25,
WDR26,
WDR27,
WDR3
WD repeat-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR3'' gene.
This gene encodes a nuclear protein containing 10 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved resi ...
,
WDR31,
WDR32
WD repeat-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR3'' gene.
This gene encodes a nuclear protein containing 10 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved resi ...
,
WDR33,
WDR34,
WDR35,
WDR36
WD repeat-containing protein 36 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR36'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generati ...
,
WDR37,
WDR38,
WDR4
tRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase subunit WDR4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR4'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acid ...
,
WDR40A,
WDR40B,
WDR40C,
WDR41,
WDR42A,
WDR42B,
WDR43,
WDR44,
WDR46,
WDR47,
WDR48,
WDR49,
WDR5
WD repeat-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR5'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed ...
,
WDR51A,
WDR51B,
WDR52
WD repeat-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR5'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed ...
,
WDR53,
WDR54,
WDR55,
WDR57,
WDR59,
WDR5B,
WDR6,
WDR60
WD repeat-containing protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR6'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation' ...
,
WDR61,
WDR62
WD repeat-containing protein 62 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR62'' gene.
Function
WDR62 is a scaffold protein and interacts with different kinases. WDR62 plays a role in mediating activation of the JNK pathway in response t ...
,
WDR63,
WDR64,
WDR65,
WDR66,
WDR67,
WDR68,
WDR69,
WDR7,
WDR70,
WDR72
WD repeat-containing protein 72 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR72'' gene. WDR72 contains 7 WD40 repeats, which are predicted to form the blades of a 7 beta propeller structure.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene c ...
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WDR73,
WDR74,
WDR75,
WDR76,
WDR77,
WDR78,
WDR79,
WDR8
WD repeat-containing protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WDR8'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation ...
,
WDR81,
WDR82,
WDR85,
WDR86,
WDR88,
WDR89,
WDR90,
WDR91,
WDR92,
WDSOF1,
WDSUB1,
WDTC1,
WSB1
WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WSB1'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the WD-protein subfamily. This protein shares a high sequence identity to mouse and chick proteins. It contains ...
,
WSB2 WSB may refer to:
Broadcasting
* WSB (AM), a radio station (750 AM) licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States
* WSB-FM, a radio station (98.5 FM) licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States
* WSB-TV, a television station (channel 32, virtual 2 ...
,
*
ZFP106
See also
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Beta-propeller
In structural biology, a beta-propeller (β-propeller) is a type of all-β protein architecture characterized by 4 to 8 highly symmetrical blade-shaped beta sheets arranged toroidally around a central axis. Together the beta-sheets form a funnel ...
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Tomosyn
Syntaxin-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STXBP5'' gene. It is also known as tomosyn, after , "friend" in Japanese, for its role as a binding protein.
Function
Syntaxin 1 is a component of the 7S and 20S SNARE ...
, a protein two WD40 domains
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Protein tandem repeats
An array of protein tandem repeats is defined as several (at least two) adjacent copies having the same or similar sequence motifs. These periodic sequences are generated by internal duplications in both coding and non-coding genomic sequences. Re ...
References
External links
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{{InterPro content, IPR001680