|
GNB5
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB5'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. Function Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. GNB5 has been shown to differentially control RGS protein stability and membrane anchor binding, and therefore is involved in the control of complex neuronal G protein signaling pathways. Interactions GNB5 has been shown to interact with: * GNG7, * GNG13, * RGS7 and * RGS9 Regulator of G-protein signalling 9, also known as RGS9, is a human gene, which codes for a protein involved in re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNG13
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNG13'' gene. Interactions GNG13 has been shown to interact with GNB5 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB5'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. Function Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding prote .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * {{gene-16-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNG7
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNG7'' gene. Interactions GNG7 has been shown to interact with GNB5 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB5'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. Function Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding prote .... References Further reading * * * * {{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGS7
Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS7'' gene. RGS7 is highly enriched in the brain where it acts as a universal inhibitor of Gi/o-coupled GPCR. RGS7 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). It accelerates the GTP hydrolysis on G proteins determining their fast inactivation and acting as intracellular antagonists of GPCR signaling. Interactions RGS7 has been shown to interact with: * GNB5, * GPR158, * GPR179, * PKD1, and * SNAPAP SNARE-associated protein Snapin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SNAPIN'' gene. Function SNAPAP is a component of the SNARE complex of proteins that is required for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. SNAPAP is also a component .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G Protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). When they are bound to GTP, they are 'on', and, when they are bound to GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to the larger group of enzymes called GTPases. There are two classes of G proteins. The first function as monomeric small GTPases (small G-proteins), while the second function as heterotrimeric G protein complexes. The latter class of complexes is made up of '' alpha'' (α), ''beta'' (β) and ''gamma'' (γ) subunits. In addition, the beta and gamma subunits can form a stable dimeric complex referred to as the beta-gamma complex . Heterotrimeric G proteins located within the cell are activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulator Of G Protein Signalling
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are protein structural domains or the proteins that contain these domains, that function to activate the GTPase activity of heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunits. RGS proteins are multi-functional, GTPase-accelerating proteins that promote GTP hydrolysis by the α-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, thereby inactivating the G protein and rapidly switching off G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. Upon activation by receptors, G proteins exchange GDP for GTP, are released from the receptor, and dissociate into a free, active GTP-bound α-subunit and βγ-dimer, both of which activate downstream effectors. The response is terminated upon GTP hydrolysis by the α-subunit (), which can then re-bind the βγ-dimer ( ) and the receptor. RGS proteins markedly reduce the lifespan of GTP-bound α-subunits by stabilising the G protein transition state. Whereas receptors stimulate GTP binding, RGS proteins stimulate GTP hydrolysis. RGS prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
