Railway companies in Europe assign their trains to different categories or train types depending on their role. Passenger trains may be broadly split into long-distance and local trains; the latter having average journey times of under an hour and a range of less than 50 kilometres. Goods trains have their own train types. The names of these train types have changed continually over the course of time. A train type is not essentially a trademark name. However, there are trademark names that are also used as train types (e.g.

CityNightLine CityNightLine AG (timetable and platform sign abbreviation: CNL) was a Swiss night train service. CNL had right of passage grants in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark. It served stations in Belgium, France, Italy and ...

Cisalpino Cisalpino AG () was a railway company, referred to as CIS in timetables, operating international trains between Switzerland and Italy connecting Basel, Schaffhausen, Zürich, Geneva, Milan, Venice, Trieste, Livorno, and Florence. The company h ...

, VogtlandExpress).

European long-distance/high-speed rail brands

Austria

Germany

Switzerland

Private operators (Austria, Germany and Switzerland)

Belgium (
NMBS/SNCB french: Société nationale des chemins de fer belgesgerman: Nationale Gesellschaft der Belgischen Eisenbahnen , type = Statutory corporation , industry = Rail Transport , foundation = 1926 , founder = Government o ...
)

; InterCity (IC) : A train connecting Belgium's major cities. These trains stop at the most important stations only, sometimes crossing national borders as well. ; Rush-hour train (P) : Additional scheduled train service that is limited to times at which the demand for a certain route is at its highest. The number of stops varies between trains. ; Local train (L) : Local trains usually connect larger cities, but will stop at (nearly) every station along the way. Similar to German ''Regionalbahn'' ; S-trains (S) : Suburban train connecting towns and cities around Belgium's major cities of Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent and Liege. Stops at (nearly) every station. Each line will have a number (S1 - S20 + S81 for Brussels, S1 + S32 - S34 for Antwerp, S41 - S44 for Liege, S51 - S53 for Ghent and S61 - S64 for Charleroi) ; Tourist train (ICT) : Additional scheduled train service that is limited to times at which the demand for a certain touristic destination is at its highest. The number of stops varies between trains. ; Extra train : Additional train service, used in case of exceptionally good weather to accommodate more passengers on routes to the coast or in case of special events such as concerts. ; Eurocity (EC) : International train meeting certain quality criteria. ; International train (INT) : Regular international train. ; Thalys (THA) : High-speed trains to Germany, France and The Netherlands. (operated by SNCF, DB, NS and SNCB/NMBS) ; TGV : High-speed trains to France. (Operated by SNCF) ; ICE : High-speed trains to Germany. (Operated by DB) ;

Eurostar Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service connecting the United Kingdom with France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Most Eurostar trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated sep ...

(EST) : High-speed trains to France and the UK. (operated by SNCF, SNCB/NMBS and Eurostar UK Ltd.)

Croatia ( Hrvatske Željeznice)

; Eurocity (EC) : international high-class service express trains ; Intercity (IC) : national and international express trains ; Intercity Nagibni (ICN) : national express trains using tilting DMUs ; Brzi vlak (Brzi) : literally "fast train", lower class national and international long-distance trains stopping in larger towns ; Ubrzani vlak (Ubrz) : literally "semi fast train", local trains skipping some stations, at the same tariff as regular local trains (putnički) ; Putnički vlak (Putn) : literally "passenger train", local trains generally stopping at every station.

Czech Republic (
České dráhy České dráhy (English: ''Czech Railways''), often shortened to ČD, is the major railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services. Overview The company was established in 1993, after the dissolution of Cze ...
)

; SuperCity (SC) : highest-standard trains requiring reservation, made of modern tilting-train units operating on national and international routes. There is currently (February 2020) only one line: Františkovy lázně - Cheb - Mariánské lázně - Planá u Mariánských lázní - Stříbro - Plzeň hl.n. - Praha hl.n. - Pardubice hl.n. - Olomouc hl.n. - Ostrava-Svinov - Ostrava hl.n.- Bohumín - Český Těšín - Žilina - Ružomberok - Liptovský Mikuláš - Štrba - Poprad-Tatry - Kysak - Košice ;

Railjet Railjet is a high-speed rail service in Europe operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and Czech Railways (ČD). Branded as ''Railjet Express (RJX)'' for the fastest services and as ''Railjet (RJ)'' for services with additional stops, it wa ...

(rj) : highest-standard trains, operating on international routes from 2014 (Berlin - Praha – Brno – Wien – Graz). ; EuroCity (EC) : higher-standard international trains, consisting of new or modernised cars of several rail companies and stopping at selected stations only. ; EuroNight (EN) : international sleeper trains. ; InterCity (IC) : the highest category of national trains, with carriages and stopping frequencies comparable to the EC trains. Currently, the IC category is used by the private railway company

RegioJet RegioJet a.s. ( VKM: RJ) is a private Czech provider of passenger rail and bus transport. The company Student Agency, owned by Czech businessman Radim Jančura, is the sole owner. A sister company of the same name, with its registered office in ...

as well as České dráhy. ; Express (Ex) : faster trains linking regions, mostly faster and more comfortable than the R trains. ; Rychlík (R) : the lowest category of longer-distance train. Operates on R lines. They are mainly used for getting between districts of a region. ; Spěšný vlak (Sp) : local trains stopping on selected stations only. Operates on S lines. ; Osobní vlak (Os) : local trains stopping at every station. Operates on S lines. It is often centered around a larger city (often capital of a region).

Denmark (
DSB DSB may refer to: Science, technology and devices * DsbA, a bacterial member of the Dsb (disulfide bond) family of enzymes * Double strand break, a break in both DNA strands, part of DNA repair * in telecommunications, double-sideband transmission ...
and others)

DSB (Danish State Railways)

Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.VR)

NOTE: Long distance trains are identified (in passenger information systems) by train number prefixed with the train type abbreviation (e.g. "IC 90"). However, the Helsinki region commuter trains are identified by their "route letters" only (e.g. "K") and usually do not show their train number to passengers at all.

France (SNCF)

SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...

use a different system of trains categories, based on politics wishes and commercial trademarks. Categories do not necessarily match with distance. ; TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) : National or international services by high speed trains with supplementary fare, totally or partially on high-speed lines. Similar to Germany's ICE. ; Intercité de Nuit : Night service ;

Intercités Intercités (before September 2009: ''Corail Intercités'') is a brand name used by France’s national railway company, SNCF, to denote non high speed services on the 'classic' network in France. SNCF established the Intercités brand in January ...

: National services, ever on main lines and/or secondary lines without supplementary fare. Similar to the InterRegio or the Intercity (Paris – Caen – Cherbourg and Paris – Rouen – Le Havre). Have been used to be called Train Inter Regional, but is obsolete. ; TER (Train Express Régional) : These trains are subsidized by regions and do not designate a precise category, a TER route can be anything from 10 miles to more than 250 miles long. Some TER routes are longer than TGV ones. : Regional or national services, on main lines or secondary lines without supplementary fare. Used to be similar to the S-Bahn (many stops from a major city on a short distance, urban or suburban service), the Regional or RegioExpress, but can be also similar to the InterRegio-Express or Intercity (Interloire Nantes – Orléans) and the InterRegio (Orléans – Lyon, Toulouse – Clermont-Ferrand). : Some special regional trains called TERGV (TER and TGV). The TERGV consists in TGV trains subsidized for regional service, though with a supplementary fare compared to the same trip using standard TER service. These trains use the high speed lines (LGV) to quickly link cities such as Dunkirk, Calais, and Boulogne-sur-Mer to Lille in an hour. Similar services in Europe include

Southeastern The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each se ...

's Highspeed service. : There are also TER²⁰⁰, iC TER and

Interloire Interloire (or TER 200 Interloire) is a French train service run by TER Centre-Val de Loire and TER Pays de la Loire linking Orléans to Le Croisic via Blois, Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, Saumur, Angers and Nantes. The sections between Nantes-Angers ...

;

thello Trenitalia France is an open-access train operator running international services between France and Italy. It was originally established under the ''Thello'' brand in October 2011. On 11 December 2011, Thello ran its first night service, having ...

:These trains are not operated by the SNCF but by

, a newly created society owned by

Transdev Transdev, formerly Veolia Transdev, is a French-based international private-sector company which operates public transport. It has operations in 17 countries and territories as of November 2020. History The group was formed by the merger of V ...

and the FS, between France and Italy, after breaking an alliance between the SNCF and the FS.

Hungary (
MÁV Hungarian State Railways ( hu, Magyar Államvasutak, MÁV) is the Hungarian national railway company, with divisions "MÁV START Zrt." (passenger transport), "MÁV-Gépészet Zrt." (maintenance), "MÁV-Trakció Zrt." and "MÁV Cargo Zrt" (freig ...
,
GYSEV The Raaberbahn or GYSEV is a Hungarian-Austrian railway company based in Sopron, Hungary. The company is a joint enterprise of the states of Hungary (65.6%),
)

;Long distance trains: ; Eurocity (often Railjet) : international trains ; Intercity : trains mainly in national services on important long-distance routes often with air conditioning, restaurant car and always seat reservation ; Expressz : express train with compulsory seat reservation (only summertime) ; Gyorsvonat : rapid trains on long-distance routes with standard rolling stock ;

Sebesvonat Railway companies in Europe assign their trains to different categories or train types depending on their role. Passenger trains may be broadly split into long-distance and local trains; the latter having average journey times of under an hour and ...

: ''Eilzug'' equivalent ; Interrégió This trains make connections with Intercity trains from smaller towns. Air conditioned, allowed to travel with bike or wheelchair. ;Local trains: ; Zónázó : ''RegionalBahn'' or "Regional Express" equivalent ;

Személyvonat Railway companies in Europe assign their trains to different categories or train types depending on their role. Passenger trains may be broadly split into long-distance and local trains; the latter having average journey times of under an hour and ...

: ''Regionalzug'' equivalent ;

EURegio EUREGIO is a cross-border region between the Netherlands and Germany and the first Euroregion. It was founded in 1958 as a German Eingetragener Verein, and has been converted in 2016 into a public body based on the 1991 Treaty of Anholt (german: ...

: state-subsidiarised international stopping trains near the Austrian border, connects Győr to Vienna and Wiener Neustadt to Graz via Sopron, Szombathely and Jennersdorf ;

Regional-Express In Germany, Luxembourg and Austria, the Regional-Express (RE, or in Austria: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with average speed at about 70–90 km/h (top speed often 160 km/h) as it calls at f ...

: ÖBB REX trains serve the Vienna-Ebenfurth-Sopron-Deutschkreutz line

Italy (
Trenitalia Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, the company was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transp ...
and others)

''Categories without * are operated by Trenitalia.''

International quality services

These trains are long distance international services generally with mandatory reservation. They are operated by different companies such as

Thello Trenitalia France is an open-access train operator running international services between France and Italy. It was originally established under the ''Thello'' brand in October 2011. On 11 December 2011, Thello ran its first night service, having ...

(Italy-Paris). * EuroCity * EuroNight (night services) * TGV, operated by SVI (Società Viaggiatori Italia, a company of

)

High-speed trains High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail system that runs significantly faster than traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines ...

Frecciarossa ''Frecciarossa'' is a high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, and a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name, which, if spelled "Freccia rossa" means "Red arrow" in English, was introduced in 2008 after i ...

Frecciargento ''Frecciargento'' is a high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, and a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name, which means "Silver Arrow", was introduced in 2012 after it had previously been known as Euros ...

* .italo (*

NTV NTV may refer to: Television * NTV (Bangladesh), a Bengali-language satellite television channel in Bangladesh * NTV (India), Telugu regional channel * NTV (Kenya) * NTV (Mongolia), a television channel based in Mongolia * NTV (Newport Television) ...

)

Long-distance services

Frecciabianca ''Frecciabianca'' is a regional high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, and a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name, which means "white arrow", was introduced in 2011 after it had previously been known ...

: trains running once every hour or two hours on the most important long-distance routes (replaced most Intercity on main lines as of 13 December 2008) * InterCity * InterCity Notte (night services)

Regional and local trains

These categories are also used by regional railways (generally isolated from the national railway network). These trains are financed by administrative regions: * Regionale Veloce ''"RV"'' (Regio Express ''"RE"'' for the Merano-Malles railway managed by SAD and for

Trenord Trenord is a railway company which is responsible for the operation of regional passenger trains in Lombardy. The company was established by the two main railway companies in Lombardy, Trenitalia and Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM), to manage train oper ...

): local or interregional trains only stopping in few selected stations * Regionale ''"R"'': basic local train, equates to German ''Regionalbahn'' * Suburbano ''"S"'': suburban commuter services, for the

Milan suburban railway service The Milan S Lines constitute the commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. The system comprises 11 lines serving 124 stations, for a total length of 403 km. There are 415 trains per day with a daily ridership of a ...

) * Metropolitano: for Naples suburban service's line 2 and trains running from

Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...

Decimomannu Decimomannu ( sc, Deximumannu or ) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. It is located about northwest of central Cagliari and had a population of about 8,115 . Geography Decimomannu borders the municipalities of ...

in Sardinia

Circumvesuviana (Naples area)

Circumvesuviana Circumvesuviana () is a railway network in the east of the Naples metropolitan area, previously run by a company of the same name, now operated by Ente Autonomo Volturno. Electrically powered throughout, the system uses the narrow gauge of ...

(a group of narrow-gauge railways connecting towns to the south-east of Naples) has a special classification: accelerato, diretto and direttissimo, which was the former classification used by FS. ''Diretto'' is also used by ''Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie'' for the cross-border Domodossola–Locarno railway.

Ireland (
Iarnród Éireann Iarnród Éireann () or Irish Rail, is the operator of the national railway network of Ireland. Established on 2 February 1987, it is a subsidiary of Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). It operates all internal InterCity, Commuter, DART and fr ...
and
NI Railways NI Railways, also known as Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) ( ga, Iarnród Thuaisceart Éireann); and for a brief period Ulster Transport Railways (UTR), is the railway operator in Northern Ireland. NIR is a subsidiary of Translink, whose parent ...
)

Four different train categories are operated in

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

NI Railways NI Railways, also known as Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) ( ga, Iarnród Thuaisceart Éireann); and for a brief period Ulster Transport Railways (UTR), is the railway operator in Northern Ireland. NIR is a subsidiary of Translink, whose parent ...

and

Iarnród Éireann Iarnród Éireann () or Irish Rail, is the operator of the national railway network of Ireland. Established on 2 February 1987, it is a subsidiary of Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). It operates all internal InterCity, Commuter, DART and fr ...

. * D.A.R.T, Rapid Transit train network in

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...

. * Commuter, Suburban services operated around major cities. *

Intercity InterCity (commonly abbreviated ''IC'' on timetables and tickets) is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe. Such trains (in contrast to regional, local, or commuter trains) generally call at m ...

, Long Distance or

Local Local may refer to: Geography and transportation * Local (train), a train serving local traffic demand * Local, Missouri, a community in the United States * Local government, a form of public administration, usually the lowest tier of administrat ...

Services operated between cities. *

Enterprise Enterprise (or the archaic spelling Enterprize) may refer to: Business and economics Brands and enterprises * Enterprise GP Holdings, an energy holding company * Enterprise plc, a UK civil engineering and maintenance company * Enterprise ...

, Long Distance service operated Jointly by NI Railways and Iarnród Éireann out of Dublins Connolly Rail Station to Belfast Lanyon Place railway station.

Luxembourg

Because of its small size and its location, Luxembourg has more international trains than national ones.

International trains

* EuroCity (EC) International trains connecting Belgium and Switzerland through Luxembourg and France (Brussels-South – Basel/Chur/Zurich). * InterCity (IC) Long-distance trains from either Belgium (''InterCity J'': Brussels-South – Luxembourg) and Germany (Cologne – Luxembourg). * InterRegio (IR) Long-distance trains from Belgium (''InterRegio m'': Luxembourg – Liège/Lier) * TGV High-speed train from France (Paris – Luxembourg) * Intercités de Nuit Night service from France (Nice – Luxembourg) and Spain (Port-Bou – Luxembourg) * TER Lorraine Regional train from Lorraine, France (Longuyon – Luxembourg ; Longwy – Esch-sur-Alzette – Thionville ; Nancy – Luxembourg, French extension to Épinal and Remiremont) * Regional-Express (RE) Regional train from Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Trier – Luxembourg, German extension to Wittlich and Cochern) * Piekuurtrein/rush-hour train (P) Regional trains from Belgium, circulating in rush-hour only (Virton – Rodange, Arlon – Rodange) * Lokale trein/local train (L) Regional trains from Belgium (Arlon – Rodange – Virton/Gedinne/Libramont)

National trains

* InterRegio (IR) Long-distance train between Luxembourg and either Diekirch or Troisvierges (extension from Troisvierges with the Belgian ''IR m'') * Regionalexpress (RE) Regional trains, including extensions to border stations in France (Volmerange-les-Mines, Audun-le-Tiche, Longwy) and in Belgium (Athus)

Luxembourgish? Foreign?

Some trains are considered both Luxembourgish (by the CFL, according to their map) and from the border country the train is from or crossing (like L and P trains from Belgium, TER from France, RE from Germany), no matter if these trains are really from Luxembourg or not, making these trains more difficult to classify. These difficulties are due to the assimilation of each train as Regionalexpress or InterRegio in Luxembourg (similar name in Germany and Belgium, specific name in France).

Netherlands ( NS and others)

Also see

Rail transport in the Netherlands Rail transport in the Netherlands uses a dense railway network which connects nearly all major towns and cities. There are as many train stations as there are municipalities in the Netherlands. The network totals on of track; a line may run bot ...

;

Thalys Thalys (French: ) is a French-Belgian high-speed train operator originally built around the LGV Nord high-speed line between Paris and Brussels. This track is shared with Eurostar trains that go from Paris, Brussels or Amsterdam to London via Li ...

: High speed train to Belgium and France ;

ICE Ice is water frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius or Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaq ...

International : High speed train to Germany and Switzerland ;

: High speed train to Belgium, France and the United Kingdom ;

Intercity Direct Intercity Direct is a Dutch higher-speed train service operating on the HSL-Zuid, connecting Amsterdam Centraal to Schiphol Airport, Rotterdam Centraal and Breda. Intercity Direct replaced the Fyra brand as of December 2013; it is part of NS ...

: Semi high speed trains from

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

Schiphol Airport Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( nl, Luchthaven Schiphol, ), is the main international airport of the Netherlands. It is located southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province ...

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...

Breda Breda () is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from ''brede Aa'' ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda has ...

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

and

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

;

InterCity InterCity (commonly abbreviated ''IC'' on timetables and tickets) is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe. Such trains (in contrast to regional, local, or commuter trains) generally call at m ...

: Brand used by NS for trains linking cities across the country, not calling at every station. Trains to Berlin are also branded Intercity. Typically calling at 25–50% of the intermediate stations they pass, Intercities are comparable to the InterRegio used in many European countries. Some call at every station for a part of their run near their terminus ("zone train"). ; Sneltrein : Brand used by other operators on the regional railways for trains comparable to the Intercity, but typically running shorter distances. ; Sprinter : NS brand, since 2018 also used by other operators, for local trains calling at (almost) every station on the mainline railway stations ; Stoptrein : Brand used by other operators for local trains calling at (almost) every station on all stations that are not located on the regional railways.

Poland ( PKP and others)

;

EuroNight EuroNight, abbreviated EN, is a European train category which denotes many main-line national and international night train services within the Western and Central European inter-city rail network. Overview The classification and name were bro ...

(EN) : high quality night train; operated by

PKP Intercity PKP Intercity is a company of PKP Group responsible for long-distance passenger transport. It runs about 350 trains daily, connecting mainly large agglomerations and smaller towns in Poland. The company also provides most international trains to ...

;

EuroCity EuroCity, abbreviated as EC, is a cross-border train category within the European inter-city rail network. In contrast to trains allocated to the lower-level "IC" (InterCity) category, EC trains are international services that meet 20 criteri ...

(EC) : international luxury trains on the most important long-distance routes, must be reserved on domestic routes, up to 160 km/h; operated by

;Express Intercity Premium (EIP) : high speed rail, highest-standard trains requiring reservation, made of modern tilting-train units operating on national routes, operated by

using units ED250 Pendolino ; Express

(EIC) : luxury trains in national services on the most important long-distance routes, must be reserved, up to 160 km/h; operated by

; :

(IC) : Trains of new EMUs and refurbished coaches, more comfortable than TLK, in national services on the most important long-distance routes, up to 160 km/h; operated by

; ; Twoje Linie Kolejowe (TLK) : Fast trains on inter-regional routes; few up to 160 km/h operated by

. Pricing is same as IC. ; InterRegio (IR) : Few trains between Warsaw and Łódź; cheaper than "TLK", but usually with lower standard, 2nd class only; operated by

Polregio Polregio (formerly ''Przewozy Regionalne'') is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers. The ...

. Rolling stock is refurbished EMUs of late 1960s design, speed up to 120 km/h. ; Regio (R) : local passenger train, 2nd class only; Formerly called "osobowy" and often confused; operated by

. ; Osobowy (os.) : local passenger train, 2nd class only; operated by

Arriva RP Arriva Poland Sp. z o. o. is a Polish private rail carrier providing services in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Masovian Voivodeship, Masovian, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Warmia ...

(

consortium A consortium (plural: consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for ...

Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.DB Cargo Polska DB Cargo Polska (formerly DB Schenker Rail Polska and PCC Rail) is a Polish company operating mainly in rail freight transportation. It is presently owned by the German state railway company Deutsche Bahn (DB). The primary materials transported b ...

Koleje Dolnośląskie Koleje Dolnośląskie (Polish for ''Lower Silesian Railways''; KD) is a regional rail operator in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. The company was founded on 28 December 2007 by a decision of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik and i ...

Koleje Małopolskie Koleje Małopolskie (Lesser Poland Railways) is a regional rail operator in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. History The company was founded on 2 December 2013 and is owned by the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, to handle local passenger traff ...

Koleje Śląskie Koleje Śląskie (Polish for Silesian Railways; KŚ) is a regional rail operator in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. The company was founded in 2010 and is fully owned by the local government. It started servicing in October 2011. Lines ...

Koleje Wielkopolskie Koleje Wielkopolskie (Polish for Greater Poland Railways; KW) is a regional rail operator in the Greater Poland Voivodeship of Poland. The company was founded on 29 September 2009 and is fully owned by the local government. Koleje Wielkopolskie be ...

, Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna,

Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa Warsaw Commuter Railway ( pl, Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa, WKD) is a light rail commuter line in Poland's capital city of Warsaw. The line, together with its two branches, links Warsaw with the municipalities of Michałowice, Pruszków, Brwinów, ...

and

Koleje Mazowieckie Masovian Railways, in Polish Koleje Mazowieckie, is a regional rail operator in the Masovian Voivodeship of Poland. History The company was founded in 2004 as a joint venture of the Masovian Voivodeship, with 51% shares, and the, then governmen ...

. ;

Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw) Szybka Kolej Miejska (SKM), approximate English translation Warsaw Rapid Urban Rail, is a rapid transit and commuter rail system in the Warsaw metropolitan area, established on the existing national rail network within the city, constituting a ...

;

Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście Sp. z o.o. (); approximate English translation Tricity Rapid Transit Rail Ltd., usually abbreviated SKM, is a public rapid transit system in Poland's Tricity, Poland, Tricity area (Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdyni ...

S-Bahn The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban- suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble co ...

in Tricity (operated by PKP SKM) and

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

(operated by SKM Warszawa)

Portugal

CP - Comboios de Portugal (State Owned Operator)

''Long Distance Services''

Alfa Pendular Alfa Pendular is the name of the flagship Pendolino high-speed tilting train of Portuguese state railway company CP. It connects the cities of Guimarães, Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira and Faro, among others at speed ...

(AP): Fast tilting trains used on the main North/South lines, only stopping at major intermediate cities with a top speed of 220 km/h. Surcharge payable; * InterCidades (IC): InterCity trains used on main lines, stopping only at main towns with a top speed of 200 km/h. Surcharge payable; * Internacional (IN): International night trains Sud-Express (

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

Hendaye Hendaye (Basque language, Basque: ''Hendaia'')HENDAIA
Auñamendi Encyclopedia, Auñamendi Eusko Entz ...

) and Lusitânia (

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

) and day train Celta (

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...

Vigo Vigo ( , , , ) is a city and Municipalities in Spain, municipality in the province of Pontevedra, within the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, Spain. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Penins ...

''Medium Distance Services''

* InterRegional (IR): Semi-fast trains used on main lines, stopping at all main towns and some smaller towns with speeds up to 160 km/h; * Regional (R): Stopping trains used on main lines, stopping at all stations (with some exceptions) with speeds up to 140 km/h.

''Short Distance Services''

* Urbanos (U): Commuter trains used in or around the major cities with speeds up to 140 Km/h.

Leisure Services

* Comboio Histórico do Douro: Douro Valley Line Historic Train (Summer weekends only); * Comboio Histórico do Vouga: Vouga Line Historic Train (Weekends around some holidays).

Fertagus Fertagus is a commuter rail operator connecting Lisbon, Portugal's capital, to suburbs on the Setúbal Peninsula, located to the south across the Tagus River. Fertagus crosses the river over the Ponte 25 de Abril. Fertagus is owned by the Port ...
(Private Operator)

* Urbanos (U): Commuter trains in the Greter Lisbon Area with speeds up to 140 Km/h. Operations limited to the route between Roma-Areeiro - Setúbal.

Romania ( Caile Ferate Romane – CFR)

Current

; Regio (R) : Local trains, stopping every station, speeds up to 120 km/h. * Regio Express (RE) – 1st and 2nd class cars * Regio – mainly 2nd class cars * Regio Urban/Suburban (RU/RS) – commuter trains, mainly 2nd class cars ; InterRegio (IR) : Semi-fast trains, usually for long distances, speeds up to 160 km/h, stopping at the main stations and some smaller towns. * InterRegio – longer distance trains than Regio, only stop in stations where connections to other destinations are available * InterRegio Night (IRN)- sleeping services assured, frequent stops, may include cars from foreign operators and/or autoracks

Former

; Personal (P) : Local trains, stopping every station, speeds up to 120 km/h. ; Accelerat (A) : Semi-fast trains, usually for long distances, speeds up to 140 km/h, stopping at the main stations and some smaller towns. ; Rapid (R) : Fast trains, speeds up to 160 km/h, stopping on major cities. ; Euronight (EN) : Night trains, fewer stops only on major cities, speeds up to 160 km/h. ; InterCity (IC) : Fast trains, speeds up to 160 km/h, stopping on major cities. * InterCity/EuroCity (IC/EC) – national and international services, stopping in important stations only * EuroNight (EN) – night services of the IC/EC * InterCity Night (ICN) – sleeping services assured, important stops only, may include cars from foreign operators and/or autoracks

Russia (
RZD Russian Railways (russian: link=no, ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД»), OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD)) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both mana ...
)

Train category is defined by its number's digits. ; 1 to 150 – Skory (Fast) : All-year long-distance fast trains, mostly overnight. Speeds up to 160 km/h, but usually the average speed is not more than 70 km/h. ; 151 to 298 – Skory Sezonny (Fast seasonal) : Seasonal fast trains, mostly similar to Skory. ; 301 to 450 – Passazhirsky Dalny (Long-distance passenger) : Long-distance stopping trains. ; 451 to 498 – Passazhirsky Dalny Sezonny (Long-distance passenger seasonal) : Seasonal Passazhirsky Dalny services. ; 501 to 598 – Passazhirsky Dalny Razovy (Long-distance passenger one-time) : Additional or organized children groups carrying Passazhirsky Dalny services. ; 601 to 698 – Passazhirsky Mestny (Local (medium-distance) passenger) : Stopping trains travelling distances more than 150 km, but less than 700 km. ; 701 to 750 – Skorostnoy (Speedy – like InterCity in Germany) : Intercity trains. ; 751 to 788 – Vysokoskorostnoy (High-speed) : High-speed or Intercity-Express trains (

Sapsan The ''Sapsan'' (russian: Сапсан, lit=Peregrine Falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird o ...

s, (by

Karelian Trains Oy Karelian Trains Ltd was a joint venture agreed on 23 November 2006 between Russian Railways (RZhD) and VR Group (Finnish Railways) to facilitate the operation of international express passenger rail services between Helsinki, Finland, and Saint ...

)

Allegro Allegro may refer to: Common meanings * Allegro (music), a tempo marking indicate to play fast, quickly and bright * Allegro (ballet), brisk and lively movement Artistic works * L'Allegro (1645), a poem by John Milton * ''Allegro'' (Satie), an ...

s). ; 801 to 898 – Obsluzhivaemyj dizel'- ili elektropoezdom (Served by DMU or EMU) : Mainline passenger trains featuring DMU / (out of the EMU-served Skorostnoy's and (all served by EMUs) Vysokoskorostnoy's) EMU rolling stock. Mostly fast versions of Passazhirsky Mestny. ; 6001 to 6998 – Prigorodny (Suburban) : Suburban trains (travelling distance up to 150 km, (almost) all-stops services). ; 7001 to 7598 – Skory Prigorodny ili Gorodskoy (Semi-fast suburban or urban) : Semi-fast suburban trains and urban trains.

Slovakia ( ZSSK)

; SuperCity –

pendolino Pendolino (from Italian ''pendolo'' "pendulum", and ''-ino,'' a diminutive suffix) is an Italian family of tilting trains used in Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the UK, the US, ...

(SC) : highest-standard trains requiring reservation, operated by modern

ČD Class 680 ČD Class 680 are EMUs operating in the Czech Republic, using tilting Pendolino technology intended for the SuperCity train service. Built by Alstom (originally Fiat Ferroviaria), they were largely based on the nine-car ETR 470. While testin ...

„Pendolino“ tilting-train units of České dráhy (ČD) operating on both national and international routes in cooperation with ČD ;

LEO Express Leo Express, formerly Rapid Express, is an open access operator, open-access train operator in the Czech Republic, established in 2010. It launched InterCity, inter-city services in November 2012 on the Prague–Ostrava route, on which state-ow ...

(LE) : private trains, similar to the IC category ; EuroCity (EC) : high quality, usually long-haul international services between Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany. Surcharge payable when travelling with domestic ticket ; InterCity (IC) : high quality trains providing only air-conditioned carriages, all trains are between Bratislava and Košice ; EuroNight (EN) : high quality night train between Košice and Prague and between Budapest and Berlin ; Express (Ex) : this category is used for trains which operate as EuroCity in other countries, but failed to qualify for EuroCity in Slovakia due to high quality standards given by ZSSK. However, there are also domestic express service from Banská Bystrica to Bratislava (Ex 530/531) and from Košice to Bratislava (Ex 1502, runs on Sundays) ; Rýchlik (R) : "fast train" – trains for longer routes, usually stops at all towns en route, but not at villages. However, there are also night trains between Humenné and Prague and from Košice to Cheb ; Regional Express (REX) : local semi-fast train stopping at few stations, modern version of Zrýchlený vlak :''this category is also used by

between Komárno and Bratislava'' ; Zrýchlený vlak (Zr) : semi-fast train, today is mostly used Regional Express version; Zrýchlený vlak run from Zvolen to Žilina ; Osobný vlak (Os) : stopping train, serving all stations :''this category is also used by

between Komárno and Bratislava''

Slovenia ( Slovenske železnice Ž

; InterCity Slovenija (ICS) : modern air-conditioned trains whose tilting technology allows for greater speed and comfort. They enable easier travel for passengers in wheelchairs, as well as offering a range of additional services. A buffet car is available to passengers; for those who travel 1st class, this service is free. 1st class passengers also benefit from access to electrical plug sockets. At some stations free parking is available. ICS trains operate on the Ljubljana-Maribor-Ljubljana route. In the summer season and on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, ICS trains also operate along the Maribor-Ljubljana-Koper route and back. Seats must be reserved on all routes and this is included in the rail fare. ; InterCity (IC) : are high quality trains which operate on long-distance domestic and international routes and connect major cities, and commercial and tourist centres. They consist of comfortable carriages, and have shorter journey times with fewer stops. Most of them also offer catering services. IC services require an additional IC supplement. ; EuroCity (EC) : are high quality international trains which operate along major international routes and connect important economic and tourist hubs in Slovenia and Europe. Journey times of EC trains are shorter and have fewer stops. Most of them have air-conditioned carriages and offer catering services. An additional supplement is required for travel on EC trains. ; EuroNight (EN) : are high quality international night trains which include sleepers and couchettes. A supplement is required for a bed or berth. For travel on a domestic EN, as with IC trains, it is necessary to pay a supplement for a seat in a standard carriage. On certain EN trains which operate across Europe, standard international prices apply together with a reservation fee. ; Local Train (LP) : connects Slovenian towns on shorter and longer routes. These are intended primarily for daily journeys to and from work or to school. Seat reservations and supplements are not required to travel on these trains.

Spain ( Renfe)

;

AVE ''Alta Velocidad Española'' (''AVE'') is a service of high-speed rail in Spain operated by Renfe, the Spanish national railway company, at speeds of up to . As of December 2021, the Spanish high-speed rail network, on part of which the AVE s ...

: High speed trains, speeds up to 310 km/h : Routes: *

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Ciudad Real Ciudad Real (, ; en, "Royal City") is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region. History It was founde ...

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Puertollano Puertollano () is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha. The city has a population of 47,035 (2019). Contrasting to the largely rural character of the region, Puertollano stands out for the importance of ...

– Córdoba–

Sevilla Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Gua ...

*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba– Puente Genil-Herrera–

Antequera Antequera () is a city and municipality in the Comarca de Antequera, province of Málaga, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. It is known as "the heart of Andalusia" (''el corazón de Andalucía'') because of its central locat ...

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Málaga Málaga (, ) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most pop ...

*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–Puente Genil-Herrera–Antequera– Loja–

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

*Madrid–

Guadalajara Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the list of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Me ...

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Calatayud Calatayud (; 2014 pop. 20,658) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Province of Zaragoza, within Aragón, Spain, lying on the river Jalón (river), Jalón, in the midst of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range. It is the second-larges ...

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Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...

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Huesca Huesca (; an, Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, almo ...

*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Zaragoza–

Lleida Lleida (, ; Spanish: Lérida ) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital city of the province of Lleida. Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca, as ...

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Tarragona Tarragona (, ; Phoenician: ''Tarqon''; la, Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tar ...

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Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Zaragoza–Lleida–Tarragona–Barcelona–

Girona Girona (officially and in Catalan language, Catalan , Spanish: ''Gerona'' ) is a city in northern Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter River, Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 103,369 in ...

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Figueres Figueres (, ; , es, Figueras, ) is the capital of the ''comarca'' of Alt Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dalí, a large museu ...

*Madrid–

Valladolid Valladolid () is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province o ...

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Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of t ...

. *Madrid–

Segovia Segovia ( , , ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is in the Inner Plateau (''Meseta central''), near the northern slopes of th ...

–Valladolid– León *Madrid– Cuenca–

Requena-Utiel La Plana de Utiel-Requena is a ''comarca'' currently in the province of Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of ...

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Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

*Madrid–Cuenca–Valencia– Castellón *Madrid–Cuenca–

Albacete Albacete (, also , ; ar, ﭐَلبَسِيط, Al-Basīṭ) is a city and municipality in the Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, and capital of the province of Albacete. Lying in the south-ea ...

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Villena Villena () is a city in Spain, in the Valencian Community. It is located at the northwest part of Alicante (province), Alicante, and borders to the west with Castilla-La Mancha and Region of Murcia, Murcia, to the north with the province of Valenc ...

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Alicante Alicante ( ca-valencia, Alacant) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city was 337,482 , the second-largest in t ...

*Madrid–Cuenca–Albacete–

Elche Elche ( ca-valencia, Elx) is a city and municipality of Spain, belonging to the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community. According to 2014 data, Elche has a population of 228,647 inhabitants,Orihuela Orihuela (; ca-valencia, Oriola ) is a city and municipality located at the feet of the Sierra de Orihuela mountains in the province of Alicante, Spain. The city of Orihuela had a population of 33,943 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013. The mun ...

*Valencia–Madrid–Burgos *Sevilla–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Zaragoza–Lleida–Tarragona–Barcelona *Sevilla–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Cuenca–Valencia *Málaga–Antequera–Puente Genil-Herrera–Córdoba–Puertollano–Ciudad Real–Zaragoza–Lleida–Tarragona–Barcelona *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Córdoba–Puente Genil-Herrera–Antequera–Granada ;

Alvia Alvia is a high-speed train service in Spain used by Renfe Operadora for long-distance service with a top speed of . The trains have the ability to use both Iberian gauge and standard gauge, which allows them to travel on the recently constructed ...

: High speed trains capable of operating in both high-speed and conventional lines, speeds up to 250 km/h : Routes: *Madrid–Valladolid–

Palencia Palencia () is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Palencia. Located in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in the northern half o ...

–León–

Oviedo Oviedo (; ast, Uviéu ) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city. Oviedo is located ap ...

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Gijón Gijón () or () is a city and municipality in north-western Spain. It is the largest city and municipality by population in the autonomous community of Asturias. It is located on the coast of the Cantabrian Sea in the Bay of Biscay, in the cent ...

*Madrid–Valladolid–Palencia–

Aguilar de Campoo Aguilar de Campoo () is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Palencia, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is close to the River Pisuerga. Its 2011 population is 7741. It is one of the locations of the St. James' ...

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Reinosa Reinosa is a municipality in Cantabria, Spain. , it has 10,307 inhabitants. The municipality, one of the smallest by land area in Cantabria, is notable for being one of the nearest towns to the headwaters of the Ebro River. It is surrounded by th ...

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Torrelavega Torrelavega ( Cantabrian: ''Torlavega'') is a municipality and important industrial and commercial hub in the single province Autonomous Community of Cantabria, northern Spain. It is situated roughly 8 kilometres from the Cantabrian Coast and 27.5 ...

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Santander Santander may refer to: Places * Santander, Spain, a port city and capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain * Santander Department, a department of Colombia * Santander State, former state of Colombia * Santander de Quilichao, a m ...

*Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–

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Miranda de Ebro Miranda de Ebro (Spanish: iˈɾan̪da ðe ˈeβɾo is a city on the Ebro river in the Burgos (province), province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is located in the north-eastern part of the province, on th ...

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Bilbao ) , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = 275 px , map_caption = Interactive map outlining Bilbao , pushpin_map = Spain Basque Country#Spain#Europe , pushpin_map_caption ...

*Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Burgos–Miranda de Ebro–

Vitoria Vitoria or Vitória may refer to : People * Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1483–1546), a Spanish Renaissance theologian * Alberto Vitoria (1956–2010), Spanish footballer * Rui Vitória (born 1970), Portuguese retired footballer * Steven Vitória (b ...

– Zumarraga– Tolosa–

San Sebastián San Sebastian, officially known as Donostia–San Sebastián (names in both local languages: ''Donostia'' () and ''San Sebastián'' ()) is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality located in the Basque Country (autonomous community), B ...

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Irun Irun ( es, Irún, eu, Irun) is a town of the Bidasoaldea region in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. History It lies on the foundations of the ancient Oiasso, cited as ...

*Madrid–Segovia–

Medina del Campo Medina del Campo is a town and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Part of the Province of Valladolid, it is the centre of a farming area. History Medina del Campo grew in importance thanks to its fairs ...

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Salamanca Salamanca () is a city in western Spain and is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The city lies on several rolling hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritag ...

*Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo– Zamora– Sanabria–

A Gudiña A Gudiña () is a municipality in Ourense in the Galicia region of north-west Spain. It is located to the very south-east of the province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The te ...

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Ourense Ourense (; es, Orense ) is a city and capital of the province of Ourense, located in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Camino Sanabrés path of the Way of St ...

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Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St ...

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A Coruña A Coruña (; es, La Coruña ; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. A Coruña is the most populated city in Galicia and the second most populated municipality in the autonomous community and s ...

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Betanzos Betanzos () is a municipality in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña. It belongs to the comarca of Betanzos. In Roman times Betanzos was called Flauvium Brigantium or ''Brigantium''. During the ...

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Pontedeume Pontedeume () is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. The town was founded ''ex novo'' by the town charter of Alfonso X the Wise in 1270. The town is located on the English Way ...

– Ferrol *Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–

Pontevedra Pontevedra (, ) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the ''Comarca'' (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rías Baixas in Galicia. It is also the capital of its own municipality whi ...

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*Madrid–Segovia–Medina del Campo–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña-Ourense–

Monforte De Lemos Monforte de Lemos is a city and municipality in northwestern Spain, in the province of Lugo, Galicia. It covers an area of 200 km² and lies 62 km from Lugo. As of 2017 it had a population of 18,783. Location Monforte de Lemos is ...

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Sarria Sarria is a municipality in the province of Lugo, northwestern Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Sarria is the most populous town on the French Way in Galicia, with 13,700 inhabitants. It is head of the region and the most popular ...

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Lugo Lugo (, ; la, Lucus Augusti) is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia. It is the capital of the Lugo (province), province of Lugo. The municipality had a population ...

*Madrid–Zamora–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–A Coruña *Madrid–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela *Madrid–Zamora–Sanabria–A Gudiña–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–

Vilagarcía de Arousa Vilagarcía de Arousa is a Municipalities of Spain, Spanish municipality in the Province of Pontevedra, Galicia (Spain), Galicia. As of 2014 it has a population of 37,712, being ninth largest town in Galicia. History The present site of Vilaga ...

–Pontevedra *Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud– Tudela–

Tafalla Tafalla is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. The Postal code is 31300. Tafalla is an industrial and agricultural town. It produces beef, mutton, pork and chicken. History Pr ...

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Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

*Madrid–Guadalajara–Calatayud–Tudela–

Calahorra Calahorra [] ( an, Calagorra, la, Calagurris) is a municipality in the comarca of Rioja Baja, near the border with Navarre on the right bank of the Ebro. During Ancient Rome, Ancient Roman times, Calahorra was a municipium known as ''Calagurris ...

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Logroño Logroño () is the capital of the province of La Rioja, situated in northern Spain. Traversed in its northern part by the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed b ...

*Madrid–Cordoba–

La Palma del Condado La Palma del Condado is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 9,925 inhabitants. Circuito Monteblanco ( Monteblanco race circuit) is situated here, hosting motorspo ...

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Huelva Huelva (, ) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is between two short rias though has an outlying spur including nature reserve on the Gulf of Cádiz coast. The rias ...

*Madrid–Ciudad Real–Puertollano–Córdoba–Sevilla–

Jerez de la Frontera Jerez de la Frontera (), or simply Jerez (), is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, in southwestern Spain, located midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Cádiz Mountains. , the ...

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Cádiz Cádiz (, , ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe, ...

*Madrid–

– Hellin– Cieza–

Murcia Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country. It has a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one ...

–Balsicas-mar Menor–

Torre-Pacheco Torre-Pacheco () is a municipality in the autonomous community of Murcia in southeastern Spain. It covers an area of 189.4 km² and its population in 2019 was 35,676. The only high ground in the municipality is Cabezo Gordo hill, the location ...

– Cartagena *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela– Castejon–Calahorra–Logroño– Haro–Miranda de Ebro–Bilbao *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona– Altsasu–Zumarraga–San Sebastián *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona–Vitoria–Miranda de Ebro–Burgos–Valladolid–Medina del Campo–Salamanca *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Tudela–Castejon–Tafalla–Pamplona–Vitoria–Miranda de Ebro–Burgos–Palencia– Sahagun–León– Astorga–

Bembibre Bembibre () is a municipality and a city located in the region of El Bierzo, province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2014 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 9,631 inhabitants. The second largest urban settleme ...

–Ponferrada–

O Barco de Valdeorras O Barco de Valdeorras is a municipality in Ourense (province) in the Galicia region of north-west Spain. It lies towards the very north-east of Ourense province. Located in the Sil valley, lying in the Serra do Eixo, is the capital of the Valdeo ...

–

A Rúa A Rúa is a mostly rural Galician municipality in the comarca of Valdeorras, eastern province of Ourense, Spain, 101 km (63 mi) from the provincial capital, Ourense. An inhabitant of the area is known as a ''Rués'' (plural ''Rueses'' ...

– San Clodio-Quiroga–Monforte de Lemos–Ourense–Santiago de Compostela–A Coruña *Barcelona–Lleida–Zaragoza–Pamplona–Vitoria–Burgos–León–Ponferrada–Ourense–Vigo *Alicante–

–Albacete–Cuenca–Madrid–Segovia–Valladolid–Palencia–Torrelavega–Santander *Gijón–Oviedo– Mieres Del Camín– La Pola de Gordón–León–Palencia–Valladolid–Segovia–Madrid–Cuenca–Requena Utiel–Valencia–

Sagunto Sagunto ( ca-valencia, Sagunt) is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Valencia, Valencian Community. It belongs to the modern fertile ''comarca'' of Camp de Morvedre. It is located c. 30 km north of the city of Valencia, cl ...

–Castellón *Gijón–Oviedo–Mieres Del Camín–La Pola de Gordón–León–Palencia–Valladolid–Segovia–Madrid–Cuenca–Valencia–Sagunto–Castellón–

Benicàssim Benicàssim (; es, Benicasim ; ar, بنو قاسم, translit=banū qāsim, or ar, بني قاسم, translit=banī qāsim, label=none, according to numismatic findings) is a municipality and beach resort located in the province of Castelló (p ...

–

Oropesa del Mar Oropesa del Mar ( ca-valencia, Orpesa) is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Plana Alta in the Valencian Community The Valencian Community ( ca-valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, es, Comunidad Valenciana) is an autonomous community of Spain. ...

–

Benicarló Benicarló () is a city and municipality in the north of the province of Castelló, part of the Valencian Community, in the Mediterranean Coast between the cities of Vinaròs and Peníscola, not too far south from the Ebre River. Tourism, ag ...

– Vinaros ; Avant, Media Distancia : High speed trains for medium distances (also called Lanzadera AVE). Speeds up to 250 km/h : Routes: *Madrid–Toledo *Madrid Pta. Atocha–Ciudad Real–Puertollano *Madrid Chamartín–Segovia–Valladolid *Sevilla–Córdoba–Puente Genil–Antequera–Málaga *Barcelona–Tarragona–Lleida *Barcelona–Girona–Figueres *Barcelona–

Camp de Tarragona Camp de Tarragona () is a natural and historical region of Catalonia, Spain. It includes a central plain, surrounded by the Serralada Prelitoral mountain chain on the west and in the north, with the Mediterranean sand beaches of the Costa Daur ...

–

Cambrils Cambrils () is a coastal town in the comarca of Baix Camp, province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. The town is near the tourist town Salou and is frequently visited by those travelling by air using Reus Airport. History Roman empire to Midd ...

–

L'Hospitalet de l'Infant L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Catalonia, Spain is coastal suburb of Tarragona, inside the municipality of Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant and southwest of Baix Camp. The town center is on a rocky promontory flanked by an extensive beach ("L'Are ...

–

Tortosa Tortosa (; ) is the capital of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' of Baix Ebre, in Catalonia, Spain. Tortosa is located at above sea level, by the Ebro river, protected on its northern side by the mountains of the Cardó Massif, of which Buin ...

. *Calatayud–Zaragoza *A Coruña–Santiago de Compostela-Ourense *Valencia–Requena Utiel ; Euromed : High speed trains operate in the Mediterranean coast, speeds up to 220 km/h : Routes: *Barcelona-Valencia-Alicante ; Altaria : Trains which use different locomotives in high-speed and conventional lines, speeds up to 200 km/h : Routes: *Madrid-

Ronda Ronda () is a town in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliff-side location and a deep chasm ...

Algeciras Algeciras ( , ) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula, near the Strait of Gibraltar, it is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar ( es, Bahía de Algeci ...

*Madrid-Antequera-

*Madrid-

- Cartagena (only conventional lines) ;

Talgo Talgo (officially Patentes Talgo, SAU) is a Spanish manufacturer of intercity, standard, and high-speed passenger trains. Corporate history TALGO, an abbreviation of Tren Articulado Ligero Goicoechea Oriol (English: ''Lightweight articulated tra ...

: Tilting trains in high-speed and conventional lines, link

with other capital cities, speeds up to 150 km/h : Routes: *Madrid-

Almería Almería (, , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies on southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city gr ...

*Murcia- Barcelona ;

Arco ARCO ( ) is a brand of gasoline stations currently owned by Marathon Petroleum after BP sold its rights. BP commercializes the brand in Northern California, Oregon and Washington, while Marathon has rights for the rest of the United States an ...

: Conventional trains, link

with other capital cities : Routes: *Barcelona-Mérida-Badajoz *Barcelona-Sevilla *Barcelona-Málaga *Barcelona-Granada *Barcelona-Almería *Barcelona-Murcia, nowadays classified as a Talgo ;

Trenhotel Trenhotel is a long distance, high-quality overnight train service which uses Talgo tilting trains technology and sleeping cars developed by the Spanish rail network operator Renfe. It is operated by Renfe when it operates within Spain, and is op ...

: Night services : Routes: *Madrid-

*Barcelona-Paris *Barcelona-

Zürich Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...

*Barcelona- Milan C.le *Lisbon-

*Madrid- Santiago- A Coruña *Madrid – Vigo *Barcelona-Vigo *Barcelona-Gijón ; Middle distance services, speeds up to 160 km/h :: Routes: all over continental Spain ;

Cercanías The commuter rail systems of Spain's major metropolitan areas are called ''Cercanías'' () in most of Spain, ''Rodalia'' () in the Valencian Community, ''Aldiriak'' () in the Basque Country and ''Rodalies'' () in Catalonia. There are twelve ''Ce ...

: Short distance services in metropolitan areas, speeds up to 120 km/h :: Areas (clockwise):

, Murcia/Alicante,

, Oviedo/Gijón,

Bilbao ) , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = 275 px , map_caption = Interactive map outlining Bilbao , pushpin_map = Spain Basque Country#Spain#Europe , pushpin_map_caption ...

Cercanías de Zaragoza

Sweden

; SJ: :Fast trains :Inter-city :Regional :Night trains ;County operated: :Regional trains, usually with various brand names, such as Öresundståg, Västtågen,

Norrtåg Norrtåg (English: Northern Trains) is a publicly owned company which is owned by Norrbotten County, Västerbotten County, Västernorrland County and Jämtland County in Sweden. The company owns passenger trains and organises passenger train ope ...

, Krösatåg etc :Local trains, usually called pendeltåg ;Other: :

Arlanda Express Arlanda Express is an airport rail link connecting Stockholm Central Station with the Stockholm Arlanda Airport outside Stockholm, Sweden. Operated by A-Train AB, the trip takes 18 minutes and runs four to six times per hour using seven X3 e ...

Blå Tåget Blå Tåget (lit. ''The Blue Train'') is a Swedish progg-band that used to go under the name Gunder Hägg, the name of a legendary Swedish runner, but after name conflicts occurred they changed name to Blå Tåget (which was a ride at the amuseme ...

: FlixTrain :

MTRX MTRX is a Swedish company running open access intercity railway services between Gothenburg and Stockholm. It is a subsidiary of MTR Corporation through MTR Nordic. In July 2013, MTRX was awarded paths to operate services between Gothenburg ...

Saga Rail Saga Rail was a short-lived open access operator in Sweden. It was founded by Mats Nyblom who had previously established Hector Rail. It commenced operations on 23 February 2018 with a twice weekly service from Stockholm to Linköping with inte ...

Snälltåget Snälltåget is an open access railway company in Sweden with long-distance trains along the Southern Main Line in Sweden from Malmö to Stockholm as well as sleeper trains between Stockholm and Berlin and Malmö to the ski and hiking resorts in ...

: Tågab

Ukraine ( Ukrzaliznycya)

Day-time trains: ; Eurocity (''ЄС'') : International long-distance services; 90–200 km/h; 1st and 2nd class only. ; Intercity + (''ІС+'') : National long-distance services; 90–200 km/h; 1st and 2nd class only. ; Intercity (''IC'') : National long-distance services; 70–160 km/h; 1st, 2nd and 3rd class. ; Regional Express (''РЕ'') : Regional services; 70–140 km/h; 1st, 2nd and 3rd class. ; Regional Train (''Р'') : Regional services; up to 120 km/h; 2nd and 3rd class only. ; Suburban Train (''РП'') : Suburban train services; 3rd class only. ; City Train (''М'') : Urban train services; 3rd class only. Overnight trains: ; Euro Night (''EN'') : International night train services; 90–200 km/h; Lux, SV and Kupe classes. ; Night Express (''НЕ'') : International and national night train services; 70–160 km/h; Lux, SV, Kupe and Platzkart classes. ; Night Fast Train (''НШ'') : National night train services; 50–140 km/h; SV, Kupe and Platzkart classes. ; Night Passenger Train (''НП'') : National night train services; up to 140 km/h; Kupe and Platzkart classes.

United Kingdom

The

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

's railway network is unusual in not publicly numbering or classifying its trains, except by the brand of the operating company. This may approach a classification system on lines where the express and local services are operated by different companies: *

Great Eastern Main Line The Great Eastern Main Line (GEML, sometimes referred to as the East Anglia Main Line) is a major railway line on the British railway system which connects Liverpool Street station in central London with destinations in east London and t ...

: all services are operated by Greater Anglia, except for

urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...

local services between

London Liverpool Street Liverpool Street station, also known as London Liverpool Street, is a central London railway terminus and connected London Underground station in the north-eastern corner of the City of London, in the ward of Bishopsgate Without. It is the t ...

and

Shenfield Shenfield is a commuter suburb of Brentwood, in the borough of Brentwood, Essex, England. In 2020, the suburb was estimated to have a population of 5,396. History The old village (now town), by the church and Green Dragon pub, lies along the ...

. These services form the eastern leg of the

Elizabeth Line The Elizabeth line is a high-frequency hybrid Urban rail, urban–suburban rail service in London and its suburbs. It runs services on dedicated infrastructure in central London from the Great Western Main Line west of London Paddington statio ...

, all legs of which are operated by

MTR Crossrail MTR Corporation Limited is a majority government-owned public transport operator and property developer in Hong Kong which operates the Mass Transit Railway, the most popular public transport network in Hong Kong. It is listed on the Hon ...

. *

Lea Valley Lines The Lea Valley lines are two commuter lines and two branches in north-east London, so named because they run along the Lower Lea Valley of the River Lea. They were part of the Great Eastern Railway, now part of the ''Anglia Route'' of Networ ...

: services on the main route, regardless of stopping pattern, are operated by Greater Anglia. The

Southbury Loop The Southbury Loop (formerly known as the Churchbury loop) is a line linking Edmonton Green, in north-east London, to Cheshunt. It was opened by the Great Eastern Railway in 1891 although initially it was not very successful and was closed to p ...

and Chingford branch routes are operated by

London Overground London Overground (also known simply as the Overground) is a Urban rail in the United Kingdom, suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, (via archive.org). it now serves a ...

. *

East Coast Main Line The East Coast Main Line (ECML) is a electrified railway between London and Edinburgh via Peterborough, Doncaster, York, Darlington, Durham and Newcastle. The line is a key transport artery on the eastern side of Great Britain running broa ...

: ** A variety of companies run intercity trains on the East Coast Main Line, of which the principal operator is

London North Eastern Railway London North Eastern Railway (LNER) is a British train operating company. It is owned by the DfT OLR Holdings for the Department for Transport (DfT). The company's name echoes that of the London and North Eastern Railway, one of the Big Four ...

. ** Regional services are run as

Govia Thameslink Railway Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is a train operating company that operates the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern (TSGN) rail franchise in England. Within the franchise, GTR runs the Thameslink, Great Northern, Southern (Govia Thameslin ...

as far as

Peterborough Peterborough () is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, east of England. It is the largest part of the City of Peterborough unitary authority district (which covers a larger area than Peterborough itself). It was part of Northamptonshire until ...

Northern Northern may refer to the following: Geography * North, a point in direction * Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe * Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States * Northern Province, Sri Lanka * Northern Range, a ra ...

between

Darlington Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. The River Skerne flows through the town; it is a tributary of the River Tees. The Tees itself flows south of the town. In the 19th century, Darlington underwen ...

and Chathill, &

Abellio ScotRail Abellio ScotRail, operating services under the name ScotRail, was the national train operating company of Scotland. A subsidiary of Abellio, it operated the ScotRail franchise from 1 April 2015, taking over from predecessor First ScotRail ...

from

Dunbar Dunbar () is a town on the North Sea coast in East Lothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately east of Edinburgh and from the English border north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Dunbar is a former royal burgh, and gave its name to an ecc ...

. ** London

suburban A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area, which may include commercial and mixed-use, that is primarily a residential area. A suburb can exist either as part of a larger city/urban area or as a separate ...

services are operated by Govia Thameslink Railway. *

West Coast Main Line The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important railway corridors in the United Kingdom, connecting the major cities of London and Glasgow with branches to Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Edinburgh. It is one of the busiest ...

: **

Avanti West Coast Avanti West Coast is a train operating company in the United Kingdom owned by FirstGroup (70%) and Trenitalia (30%) that operates the West Coast Partnership franchise. During November 2016, the Department for Transport (DfT) announced the Inter ...

is the dominant brand of intercity trains. ** Stopping & semi-fast services are run by

West Midlands Trains West Midlands Trains (WMT) is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It operates passenger trains on the West Midlands franchise between London and the English Midlands under two trade names: West Midlands Railway (WMR) (within the ...

& branded as London Northwestern Railway from

London Euston Euston railway station ( ; also known as London Euston) is a central London railway terminus in the London Borough of Camden, managed by Network Rail. It is the southern terminus of the West Coast Main Line, the UK's busiest inter-city railw ...

as far as the junction for the

Liverpool Lime Street Liverpool Lime Street is a terminus railway station and the main station serving the city centre of Liverpool. Opened in August 1836, it is the oldest still-operating grand terminus mainline station in the world. A branch of the West Coast M ...

branch, & by

between

Wigan North Western Wigan North Western railway station is one of two railway stations serving the town centre of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. It is a moderately-sized station on the West Coast Main Line. It is operated by Avanti West Coast, and is also ...

& Preston. ** Suburban services in London are run by

, while those in

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire, also called the County of Lanark ( gd, Siorrachd Lannraig; sco, Lanrikshire), is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the central Lowlands of Scotland. Lanarkshire is the most populous county in Scotlan ...

are operated by Abellio ScotRail. *

Great Western Main Line The Great Western Main Line (GWML) is a main line railway in England that runs westwards from London Paddington to . It connects to other main lines such as those from Reading to Penzance and Swindon to Swansea. Opened in 1841, it was the or ...

: suburban services of London are operated by MTR Crossrail as the western leg of the Elizabeth Line. All other trains, including Bristol's suburban network, are operated by

Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament on 31 August 1835 and ran ...

. * Regional & regional express trains of

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...

& suburban trains of

Cardiff Cardiff (; cy, Caerdydd ) is the capital and largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Cardiff ( cy, Dinas a Sir Caerdydd, links=no), and the city is the eleventh-largest in the United Kingd ...

are operated by

Transport for Wales Rail Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail ( and ), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of t ...

. The country's two intercity routes, through the

Severn Tunnel The Severn Tunnel ( cy, Twnnel Hafren) is a railway tunnel in the United Kingdom, linking South Gloucestershire in the west of England to Monmouthshire in south Wales under the estuary of the River Severn. It was constructed by the Great Western ...

and along the

North Wales Coast Line The North Wales Coast Line ( cy, Llinell Arfordir Gogledd Cymru), also known as the North Wales Main Line ( cy, Prif Linell Gogledd Cymru or cy, label=none, Prif Linell y Gogledd), is a major railway line in the north of Wales and Cheshire, ...

are operated by Great Western Railway and Avanti West Coast respectively. *

Brighton Main Line The Brighton Main Line (also known as the South Central Main Line) is a major railway line in the United Kingdom that links Brighton, on the south coast of England, with central London. In London the line has two branches, out of and station ...

runs

airport express The AirPort Express is a Wi-Fi base station product from Apple Inc., part of the AirPort product line. While more compact and in some ways simpler than another Apple Wi-Fi base station, the AirPort Extreme, the Express offers audio output cap ...

trains under a dedicated brand (

Gatwick Express Gatwick Express is a high-frequency rail passenger service between , Gatwick Airport, and in South East England. It is the brand name used by the Govia Thameslink Railway train operating company on the Gatwick Express route of the Thameslink, ...

). Other trains are branded by destination: those going via London Blackfriars are branded as Thameslink, others as

Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...

* In the

North of England Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North Country, or simply the North, is the northern area of England. It broadly corresponds to the former borders of Angle Northumbria, the Anglo-Scandinavian Kingdom of Jorvik, and the ...

, local & suburban trains are almost exclusively run by

and regional express services by

TransPennine Express TransPennine Express (TPE), legally First TransPennine Express Limited, is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup that operates the TransPennine Express franchise. It runs regional and inter-city rail services between the major c ...

. * In

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

, all trains not running to/from England are operated by Abellio ScotRail. *

Stagecoach Group Stagecoach Group is a transport group based in Perth, Scotland. It operates buses, express coaches and a tram service in the United Kingdom. History Stagecoach was born out of deregulation of the British express coach market in the early ...

, while operator of the Midland & South Western franchises, painted its trains in 3 liveries: suburban trains in a red-based livery, regional blue, & intercity white. In scheduling, trains are classified as ''express'', ''local'', ''sleeper'', ''international'' or ''metro'' trains. However, these are not shown in passenger-facing publications, and express trains can have stopping sections calling at consecutive minor stops, acting as a local service on the section. For example, all trains run on the

Thameslink Thameslink is a 24-hour main-line route in the British railway system, running from , , , and via central London to Sutton, , , Rainham, , , , and . The network opened as a through service in 1988, with severe overcrowding by 1998, carrying m ...

core between

London St Pancras St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is ...

and London Blackfriars, no matter express or local, call at all intermediate stations between them,Departure board of London Blackfriars to London St Prancas
/ref> creating a frequent metro-like service as an alternative to

London Underground The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent ceremonial counties of England, counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and He ...

for travelling in central London. For most longer distance services (such as the inter-city trains operated by

CrossCountry CrossCountry (legal name XC Trains Limited) is a train operating company in the United Kingdom owned by Arriva UK Trains, operating the Cross Country franchise. The CrossCountry franchise was restructured by the Department for Transport (DfT) ...

), advance tickets are sold and seat reservations can be made and, since the beginning of

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...

, some are even made compulsory. While on shorter services (e.g. South Western Railway Weymouth - London services), sometimes only counted-place reservations can be made but not for a specific seat for advance tickets, and on even shorter suburban services (e.g. South Western Railway Guildford - London stopping services), no reservation can be made at all and no advance tickets can be sold.

Bulgaria (Bulgarian state railways
BDŽ The Bulgarian State Railways ( bg, Български държавни железници, translit=Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi, abbreviated as БДЖ, BDZ or BDŽ) are Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the co ...
)

Train categories in Bulgaria use the simplified model of the previous century. At the beginning of rail transport in Bulgaria there were only three categories of passenger trains: "Бърз пътнически влак (БПВ)" - Barz patnicheski vlak (Fast passenger train), the equivalent of the current Fast train; "Обикновен пътнически влак (ОПВ)" - Obiknoven patnicheski vlak (Regular passenger train), the equivalent of the current Passenger train and "Смесен пътнически влак (СПВ)" - Smesen patnicheski vlak, the equivalent of Mixed train. Using this basis

BDŽ The Bulgarian State Railways ( bg, Български държавни железници, translit=Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi, abbreviated as БДЖ, BDZ or BDŽ) are Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the co ...

now provides extended variety of these simple categories. ;~~ЕВ – Експресен влак kspresen vlak– Express train~~ : EV – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at the most major stations (in big cities or for a train connection). They provide higher comfort in the carriages and usually have catering and/or restaurant car. All the express trains used to have names (e.g. "Plovdiv Express", "Yantra Express", "Chaika Express", "Express Slanchev Bryag", "Diana Express" etc.) and sometimes unique livery, different from the other trains. There were also first-class-only trains (Express 100/101 "Plovdiv"). Because of an introduced regulation the average speed of the express trains to be at least 100 km/h, all the express trains became BVZR trains. Tariff: same as BVZR. :Reservation: obligatory. Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class, restaurant car (or catering), sometimes luggage and/or mail car. Four of the express trains ("Shipka" and "Sinite kamani") used DMUs. :''Currently not in service.'' ;~~УБВ – Ускорен бърз влак skoren barz vlak– literally "Accelerated fast rtain"~~ : UBV – Trains for long distances, which stop only at one or two major stations in-between. They ran seasonally only between the capital and the seaside on Fridays and Sundays. For a short period of time this category was used as a synonym of BVZR trains. Tariff: same as BVZR. :Reservation: obligatory. Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class, bistro car. :''Currently not in service.'' ; БВЗР – Бърз влак със задължителна резервация arz vlak sas zadalzhitelna rezervatsia– Fast train with obligatory reservation (also seen as R-БВ or БВ-R) : BVZR – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at major stations. Usually former Express trains. Their average speed is not more than 100 km/h. Some of these also have names, but with the word "express" removed. Tariff: The tariff for BVZR is the most expensive in Bulgaria. The price for 100 km in 2nd class is 8,70 BGN (4,45 EUR) and 10,90 BGN (5,57 EUR) in 1st class. Reservation costs 0,50 BGN (0,26 EUR). Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates. :Reservation: obligatory. Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class; in the past: restaurant or buffet car (or catering), sometimes luggage and/or mail car. ; МБВ – Международен бърз влак ezhdunaroden barz vlak– International fast train : MBV – International trains have different terms of service. There are regular, seasonal and extra MBV trains as well as trains for only international journeys and ones that could be used as regular BV trains in the country. :Tariff: Internal: same as BV; international: according to the contracts with the other countries. :Reservation: Internal: optional; international: obligatory. Coaches: international cars + cars for internal journeys (2nd class, sometimes 1st class, in the past: luggage and/or mail car). DMUs are also used between Bulgaria and Romania. ; БВ – Бърз влак arz vlak– Fast train : BV – Trains for medium and long distances, which stop only at major stations but more than express trains. :Tariff: According to the tariff for BV the price for 100 km in 2nd class is 5.90 BGN (3.02 EUR) and 7.40 BGN (3.78 EUR) in 1st class. Reservation costs 0.50 BGN (0.26 EUR). Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates. :Reservation: optional. Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class; sleepers and couchette cars during the night; in the past: sometimes restaurant or buffet car, luggage and/or mail car. Sometimes EMUs or DMUs are also used. ; ПВ – Пътнически влак atnicheski vlak– Passenger train : PV – Trains for distances, longer than 100 km, which stop at every station. :Tariff: According to the tariff for PV the price for 100 km in 2nd class is 5.20 BGN (2.66 EUR) and 6.50 BGN (3.32 EUR) in 1st class. Currently 1st class is not available on passenger trains. Some trains could be more expensive on partisular dates. :Reservation: not available. Coaches: 2nd class; in the past: sometimes luggage and/or mail car; in case of first-class cars coupled, the taxes are the same as second-class ones. Frequently operated by EMUs or DMUs. ; КПВ – Крайградски пътнически влак raigradski patnicheski vlak– Local passenger train : KPV – Trains for distances, shorter than 100 km, which stop at every station. Frequently operated by EMUs or DMUs. Tariff: same as PV. :Reservation: not available. Coaches: 2nd class; in the past: sometimes luggage and/or mail car; in case of first-class cars coupled, the taxes are the same as second-class ones. ;~~СВ – Смесен влак mesen vlak– Mixed train~~ : SV – Trains for short and medium distances with both passenger and freight carriages. They stop at every station and usually it is for a long time, because of the cargo services. Tariff: same as PV. :Reservation: not available. Coaches: same as PV + freight waggons. :''Currently not in service.''

Former Yugoslavia (Successor companies of the
JŽ Yugoslav Railways ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslavenske željeznice/Jugoslovenske železnice, Југославенске жељезнице/Југословенске железнице; mk, Југословенски железници; sl, Jugoslovans ...
)

; Eurocity : international high-class trains ; Intercity : trains used on national and international services on important long-distance routes ; Intercity nagibni :

Croatian Railways Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carri ...

tilting train ; Poslovni voz/vlak : Intercity – similar to express trains, usually 1st class only ; Brzi voz/vlak : Express trains on long-distance routes, national and international ; Zeleni vlak : Former

Slovenian Slovene or Slovenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe * Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia * Slovenes The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...

express multiple-unit connexions, also cross-border ; Ubrzani vlak : semi-fast (like German ''

Eilzug An Eilzug (pl: ''Eilzüge'', cs, spěšný vlak, sk, zrýchlený vlak, English: ''Regional fast train'') is a type of passenger train in German-speaking countries which roughly equates to a British 'fast-stopping train' or 'semi-fast train'. The t ...

'') ; Putnički voz, Lokalni voz, Potniški vlak : Regional train stopping at all station, usually multiple unit trains

Footnotes and References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Train Categories in Europe Passenger rail transport Rail transport in Europe

European long-distance/high-speed rail brands

Austria

Germany

Switzerland

Private operators (Austria, Germany and Switzerland)

Belgium (NMBS/SNCB french: Société nationale des chemins de fer belgesgerman: Nationale Gesellschaft der Belgischen Eisenbahnen , type = Statutory corporation , industry = Rail Transport , foundation = 1926 , founder = Government o ...)

Croatia ( Hrvatske Željeznice)

Czech Republic (České dráhy České dráhy (English: ''Czech Railways''), often shortened to ČD, is the major railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services. Overview The company was established in 1993, after the dissolution of Cze ...)

Denmark (DSB DSB may refer to: Science, technology and devices * DsbA, a bacterial member of the Dsb (disulfide bond) family of enzymes * Double strand break, a break in both DNA strands, part of DNA repair * in telecommunications, double-sideband transmission ... and others)

DSB (Danish State Railways)

Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.VR)

France (SNCF)

Italy (Trenitalia Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, the company was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transp ... and others)

International quality services

High-speed trains High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail system that runs significantly faster than traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines ...

Long-distance services

Regional and local trains

Circumvesuviana (Naples area)

Luxembourg

International trains

National trains

Luxembourgish? Foreign?

Netherlands ( NS and others)

Poland ( PKP and others)

Portugal

CP - Comboios de Portugal (State Owned Operator)

''Long Distance Services''

''Medium Distance Services''

''Short Distance Services''

Leisure Services

Fertagus Fertagus is a commuter rail operator connecting Lisbon, Portugal's capital, to suburbs on the Setúbal Peninsula, located to the south across the Tagus River. Fertagus crosses the river over the Ponte 25 de Abril. Fertagus is owned by the Port ... (Private Operator)

Romania ( Caile Ferate Romane – CFR)

Current

Former

Russia (RZD Russian Railways (russian: link=no, ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД»), OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD)) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both mana ...)

Slovakia ( ZSSK)

Slovenia ( Slovenske železnice Ž

Spain ( Renfe)

Sweden

Ukraine ( Ukrzaliznycya)

United Kingdom

Bulgaria (Bulgarian state railways BDŽ The Bulgarian State Railways ( bg, Български държавни железници, translit=Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi, abbreviated as БДЖ, BDZ or BDŽ) are Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the co ...)

See also

Footnotes and References

Belgium (
NMBS/SNCB french: Société nationale des chemins de fer belgesgerman: Nationale Gesellschaft der Belgischen Eisenbahnen , type = Statutory corporation , industry = Rail Transport , foundation = 1926 , founder = Government o ...
)

Czech Republic (
České dráhy České dráhy (English: ''Czech Railways''), often shortened to ČD, is the major railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services. Overview The company was established in 1993, after the dissolution of Cze ...
)

Denmark (
DSB DSB may refer to: Science, technology and devices * DsbA, a bacterial member of the Dsb (disulfide bond) family of enzymes * Double strand break, a break in both DNA strands, part of DNA repair * in telecommunications, double-sideband transmission ...
and others)

Italy (
Trenitalia Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, the company was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transp ...
and others)

Fertagus Fertagus is a commuter rail operator connecting Lisbon, Portugal's capital, to suburbs on the Setúbal Peninsula, located to the south across the Tagus River. Fertagus crosses the river over the Ponte 25 de Abril. Fertagus is owned by the Port ...
(Private Operator)

Russia (
RZD Russian Railways (russian: link=no, ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД»), OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD)) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both mana ...
)

Bulgaria (Bulgarian state railways
BDŽ The Bulgarian State Railways ( bg, Български държавни железници, translit=Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi, abbreviated as БДЖ, BDZ or BDŽ) are Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the co ...
)