The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
and the
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
. It met in
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
's final month as
president
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
, and the first two years of the
administration
Administration may refer to:
Management of organizations
* Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal
** Administrative Assistant, traditionally known as a Secretary, or also known as an administrative officer, admini ...
House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
Republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
majority.
Major events
* March 4, 1865: Second inauguration of President
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
.
* April 9, 1865: Surrender of
Confederate
Confederacy or confederate may refer to:
States or communities
* Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities
* Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...
forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...
* April 15, 1865: Assassination of President
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
* December 11, 1865: Creation of the
House Appropriations Committee
The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives that is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Commi ...
House Ways and Means Committee
The Committee on Ways and Means is the chief tax-writing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue-raising measures, as well as a number of other progra ...
* January, 1866: The second and current
United States Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill ...
dome completed after 11 years of work.
* July 24, 1866: Tennessee became the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
* November 5, 1866:
United States House of Representatives elections, 1866
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two f ...
* January 8, 1867: African American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia
Freedmen's Bureau Bill The Freedmen's Bureau bills provided legislative authorization for the Freedmen's Bureau (formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands), which was set up by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 as part of the United Stat ...
, Sess. 1, ch. 200,
* July 23, 1866:
Judicial Circuits Act
The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 (ch. 210, ) reorganized the United States circuit courts and provided for the gradual elimination of several seats on the Supreme Court of the United States. It was signed into law on July 23, 1866, by President ...
, Sess. 1, ch. 210, , reduced the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven
* July 25, 1866: An Act to revive the grade of General in the United States Army, Sess. 1, ch. 232, , (now called "4-star general"); Lieutenant General
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...
became the first to have this rank.
* July 28, 1866:
Metric Act of 1866
The Metric Act of 1866, also known as the Kasson Act, is a piece of United States legislation that legally protected use of the metric system in commerce from lawsuit, and provided an official conversion table from U.S. customary units.
History ...
, Sess. 1, ch. 301, , legalized the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States.
* March 2, 1867:
Reconstruction Act
The Reconstruction Acts, or the Military Reconstruction Acts, (March 2, 1867, 14 Stat. 428-430, c.153; March 23, 1867, 15 Stat. 2-5, c.6; July 19, 1867, 15 Stat. 14-16, c.30; and March 11, 1868, 15 Stat. 41, c.25) were four statutes passed duri ...
, ch. 153, established five military districts, each headed by a general, in ten states of the former Confederate South (Tennessee excepted), and stipulates conditions for re-admission of these States into the Union.
* March 2, 1867: Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, required the president to obtain the Senate's advice and consent to suspend or dismiss certain federal public officials (notably cabinet officers). Violation of this act will lead to the
impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was initiated on February 24, 1868, when the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution to impeach Andrew Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, for "high crimes and misdemeanors". T ...
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representative ...
declared
ratified
Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally. Ratification defines the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties inten ...
* June 13, 1866: Approved an amendment to the
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princ ...
addressing citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and submitted it to the state legislatures for
ratification
Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally. Ratification defines the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties inte ...
* July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation.
* March 1, 1867:
Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...
admitted as the 37th state, Sess. 2, ch. 36, (over president's
veto
A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president or monarch vetoes a bill to stop it from becoming law. In many countries, veto powers are established in the country's constitution. Veto ...
)
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.
House of Representatives
During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.
Leadership
Senate
*
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
Lafayette S. Foster
Lafayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge on the Connecticut Supreme C ...
(R), until March 2, 1867
**
Benjamin F. Wade
Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator for Ohio from 1851 to 1869. He is known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans.
Speaker
Speaker may refer to:
Society and politics
* Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly
* Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture
* A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially:
** I ...
:
Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax Jr. (; March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was an American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873, and prior to that as the 25th speaker of the Hous ...
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.
:'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''
Arkansas
Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...
: 2. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
: 1.
John Conness
John Conness (September 22, 1821 – January 10, 1909) was a first-generation Irish-American businessman who served as a U.S. Senator (1863–1869) from California during the American Civil War and the early years of Reconstruction. He intr ...
(R)
: 3.
James A. McDougall
James Alexander McDougall (November 19, 1817 – September 3, 1867) was an American Lawyer, attorney and politician elected to statewide office in two U.S. states, then to the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. ...
(D)
Connecticut
Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...
Lafayette S. Foster
Lafayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge on the Connecticut Supreme C ...
(R)
Delaware
Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...
Willard Saulsbury Sr.
Willard Saulsbury Sr. (June 2, 1820 – April 6, 1892) was an American lawyer and politician from Georgetown, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as Attorney General of Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware and Chance ...
(D)
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
: 1. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
: 2. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...
Lyman Trumbull
Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a lawyer, judge, and United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull esta ...
(R)
Indiana
Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
: 1.
Thomas A. Hendricks
Thomas Andrews Hendricks (September 7, 1819November 25, 1885) was an American politician and lawyer from Indiana who served as the 16th governor of Indiana from 1873 to 1877 and the 21st vice president of the United States from March until his ...
Iowa
Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...
Kansas
Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...
Kentucky
Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...
Garrett Davis
Garrett Davis (September 10, 1801 – September 22, 1872) was a U.S. Senator and Representative from Kentucky.
Early life
Born in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, Garrett Davis was the brother of Amos Davis. After completing preparatory studies, Dav ...
(U)
Louisiana
Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
: 2. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...
Maryland
Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
: 1.
Reverdy Johnson
Reverdy Johnson (May 21, 1796February 10, 1876) was a statesman and jurist from Maryland. He gained fame as a defense attorney, defending notables such as Sandford of the Dred Scott case, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter at his court-martial, and Mary ...
(D)
: 3.
John A. J. Creswell
John Andrew Jackson Creswell (November 18, 1828December 23, 1891) was an American politician and abolitionist from Maryland, who served as United States Representative, United States Senator, and as Postmaster General of the United States appo ...
Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American statesman and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of th ...
(R)
: 2.
Henry Wilson
Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was an American politician who was the 18th vice president of the United States from 1873 until his death in 1875 and a senator from Massachusetts from 1855 to ...
(R)
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...
: 1.
Zachariah Chandler
Zachariah Chandler (December 10, 1813 – November 1, 1879) was an American businessman, politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a four-term sena ...
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
: 1.
Alexander Ramsey
Alexander Ramsey (September 8, 1815 April 22, 1903) was an American politician. He served as a Whig and Republican over a variety of offices between the 1840s and the 1880s. He was the first Minnesota Territorial Governor.
Early years and fa ...
Mississippi
Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
: 1. Vacant
: 2. Vacant
Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...
: 1.
John B. Henderson
John Brooks Henderson (November 16, 1826April 12, 1913) was a United States senator from Missouri and a co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. For his role in the investigation of the Whiskey Ring, he was cons ...
Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...
: 1. Thomas Tipton (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)
: 2. John M. Thayer (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)
Nevada
Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...
: 1.
William M. Stewart
William Morris Stewart (August 9, 1827April 23, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Personal
Stewart was born in Wayne Count ...
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...
: 2.
Aaron H. Cragin
Aaron Harrison Cragin (February 3, 1821May 10, 1898) was an American politician and a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire.
Early life
Born in Weston, Vermont, Cragin completed preparatory studies, studied law, was admit ...
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen
Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (August 4, 1817May 20, 1885) was an American lawyer and politician from New Jersey who served as a U.S. Senator and later as United States Secretary of State under President Chester A. Arthur.
Early life and ...
(R), from November 12, 1866
: 2. John P. Stockton (D), March 15, 1865 – March 27, 1866
::
Alexander G. Cattell
Alexander Gilmore Cattell (February 12, 1816April 8, 1894) was a United States senator from New Jersey.
Biography
Early life
Born in Salem, New Jersey, Cattell received an academic education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits in Salem until ...
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...
: 2. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
Ohio
Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
: 1.
Benjamin F. Wade
Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator for Ohio from 1851 to 1869. He is known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans.
(R)
: 3.
John Sherman
John Sherman (May 10, 1823October 22, 1900) was an American politician from Ohio throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He also served as ...
(R)
Oregon
Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. T ...
James W. Nesmith
James Willis Nesmith (July 23, 1820 – June 17, 1885) was an American politician and lawyer from Oregon. Born in New Brunswick to American parents, he grew up in New Hampshire and Maine. A Democrat, he moved to Oregon Country in 1843 where he ...
(D)
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
Rhode Island
Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...
South Carolina
)'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no)
, anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind"
, Former = Province of South Carolina
, seat = Columbia
, LargestCity = Charleston
, LargestMetro = ...
: 2. Vacant
: 3. Vacant
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...
: 1. Vacant
: 2. Vacant
Vermont
Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...
Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
: 1. Vacant
: 2. Vacant
West Virginia
West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the B ...
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...
Arkansas
Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...
: . Vacant
: . Vacant
: . Vacant
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
(3 Republicans)
: .
Donald C. McRuer
Donald Campbell McRuer (March 10, 1826 – January 29, 1898) was an American politician from the Republican Party who served as U.S. Representative from California's 1st district from 1865 to 1867.
McRuer was born March 10, 1826, in Bangor ...
(R)
: .
William Higby
William Higby (August 18, 1813 – November 27, 1887) was an American politician, a Republican, a lawyer, a District Attorney, a judge, a newspaper editor, and a United States representative from California.
Biography
Higby was born in Willsb ...
(R)
: .
John Bidwell
John Bidwell (August 5, 1819 – April 4, 1900), known in Spanish as Don Juan Bidwell, was a Californian pioneer, politician, and soldier. Bidwell is known as the founder the city of Chico, California.
Born in New York, he emigrated at the age of ...
(R)
Connecticut
Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...
(4 Republicans)
: .
Henry C. Deming
Henry Champion Deming (May 23, 1815 – October 8, 1872) was a politician and writer who served as U.S. Representative from Connecticut, the mayor Hartford, the acting military mayor of New Orleans, and a member of the Connecticut House of Repr ...
Delaware
Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...
(1 Democrat)
: .
John A. Nicholson
John Anthony Nicholson (November 17, 1827 – November 4, 1906) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as U. S. Representative from Delaware.
Early life ...
(D)
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
: . Vacant
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...
Abner C. Harding
Abner Clark Harding (February 10, 1807 – July 19, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Biography
Abner C. Harding was born in East Hampton, Connecticut on February 10, 1807. He attended Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, where h ...
(R)
: .
Ebon C. Ingersoll
Ebon Clark Ingersoll (December 12, 1831 – May 31, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois and the brother of the politician and orator Robert G. Ingersoll.
Born in Dresden, New York, Ingersoll moved to Wisconsin Territory in 1843 and ...
(R)
: .
Burton C. Cook
Burton Chauncey Cook (May 11, 1819 – August 18, 1894) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Biography
He was born in Pittsford, New Yorkon May 11, 1819. Cook attended the Collegiate Institute, Rochester, New York. He studied law, and in 1 ...
Shelby M. Cullom
Shelby Moore Cullom (November 22, 1829 – January 28, 1914) was a U.S. political figure, serving in various offices, including the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate and the 17th Governor of Illinois.
Life and ca ...
(R)
: .
Lewis W. Ross
Lewis Winans Ross (December 8, 1812 – October 29, 1895) was an Illinois attorney, merchant, and U.S. Representative from Illinois's 9th congressional district. He was widely known as an antiwar Peace Democrat or Copperhead during the Ameri ...
Samuel S. Marshall
Samuel Scott Marshall (March 12, 1821 – July 26, 1890) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Early life and education
Born near Shawneetown, Illinois, Marshall attended public and private schools i ...
(D)
: .
Jehu Baker
Jehu Baker (November 4, 1822 – March 1, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Baker moved with his father to Lebanon, Illinois, in 1829. He attended the common schools and McKendree University. He stu ...
(R)
: .
Andrew J. Kuykendall
Andrew Jackson Kuykendall (March 3, 1815 – May 11, 1891) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Biography
Born in Gallatin County, Illinois, Kuykendall completed preparatory studies and later studied law. He was admitted to the bar in ...
Indiana
Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
Michael C. Kerr
Michael Crawford Kerr (March 15, 1827 – August 19, 1876) of Indiana was an attorney, an American legislator, and the first Democratic speaker of the United States House of Representatives after the Civil War.
Early life
He was born at Titu ...
John H. Farquhar
John Hanson Farquhar (December 20, 1818 – October 1, 1873) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1865 to 1867.
Early years
Born in Union ...
(R)
: .
George W. Julian
George Washington Julian (May 5, 1817 – July 7, 1899) was a politician, lawyer, and writer from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives during the 19th century. A leading opponent of slavery, Julian was the Free Soi ...
Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax Jr. (; March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was an American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873, and prior to that as the 25th speaker of the Hous ...
(R)
: .
Joseph H. Defrees
Joseph Hutton DeFrees (May 13, 1812 – December 21, 1885) was an American businessman and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1865 to 1867.
His brother, John D. Defrees, was a major figure in Indiana Rep ...
(R)
: .
Thomas N. Stilwell
Thomas Neel Stilwell (August 29, 1830 – January 14, 1874) was an American lawyer, banker, and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1865 to 1867.
Biography
Born in Stillwell, Ohio, he attended Oxford and ...
(R)
Iowa
Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...
William B. Allison
William Boyd Allison (March 2, 1829 – August 4, 1908) was an American politician. An early leader of the Iowa Republican Party, he represented northeastern Iowa in the United States House of Representatives before representing his state in th ...
John A. Kasson
John Adam Kasson (January 11, 1822 – May 18, 1910) was a nineteenth-century lawyer, politician and diplomat from south-central Iowa. Elected to the U.S. House six times, he repeatedly interrupted his congressional service to serve in the D ...
Kansas
Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...
Kentucky
Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...
Burwell C. Ritter
Burwell Clark Ritter (January 6, 1810 – October 1, 1880) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky, uncle of Walter Evans.
Born near Russellville, Kentucky, Ritter received a limited schooling. He served as member of the Kentucky House of Re ...
Lovell H. Rousseau
Lovell Harrison Rousseau (August 4, 1818 – January 7, 1869) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, as well as a lawyer and politician in Kentucky and Indiana.
Early life and career
Born near Stanford, Kentucky, on Augus ...
(UU), until July 21, 1866, and from December 3, 1866
: . Green C. Smith (UU), until July ??, 1866
::
Andrew H. Ward
Andrew Harrison Ward (January 3, 1815 – April 16, 1904) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.
Early life and family
Andrew H. Ward was born near Cynthiana in Harrison County, Kentucky."Ward, Andrew Harrison". ''Biographical Directory of ...
William H. Randall
William Harrison Randall (July 15, 1812 – August 1, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.
Born near Richmond, Kentucky, Randall completed preparatory studies.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in L ...
Louisiana
Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...
John H. Rice
John Hovey Rice (February 5, 1816 – March 14, 1911) was a U.S. Representative from Maine.
Biography
Born in Mount Vernon, Massachusetts (now in Maine), to Nathaniel and Mary Jane (Swazey) Rice, Rice attended the common schools. He served as ...
(R)
: .
Frederick A. Pike
Frederick Augustus Pike (December 9, 1816 – December 2, 1886) was a U.S. Representative from Maine.
Biography
Born in Calais, Massachusetts (now in Maine), Pike attended the common schools and the Washington Academy, East Machias, Maine.
...
(R)
Maryland
Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
Charles E. Phelps
Charles Edward Phelps (May 1, 1833 – December 27, 1908) was a Colonel (United States), colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War, Civil War, later received a Brevet (military), brevet as a Brigadier general (United States), bri ...
(UU)
: .
Francis Thomas
Francis Thomas (February 3, 1799 – January 22, 1876) was an American politician who served as the 26th Governor of Maryland from 1842 to 1845. He also served as a United States Representative from Maryland, representing at separate times the ...
(UU)
: .
Benjamin G. Harris
Benjamin Gwinn Harris (December 13, 1805 – April 4, 1895) was a U.S. Representative from Maryland.
Born near Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Maryland, Harris attended Yale College in the late 1820s, and Harvard Law School from 1829 to 1830. H ...
Nathaniel P. Banks
Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...
John D. Baldwin
John Denison Baldwin (September 28, 1809 – July 8, 1883) was an American politician, Congregationalist minister, newspaper editor, and popular anthropological writer. He was a member of the Connecticut State House of Representatives and lat ...
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...
John W. Longyear
John Wesley Longyear (October 22, 1820 – March 10, 1875) was a United States representative from Michigan and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
Education and career
Longyea ...
John F. Driggs
John Fletcher Driggs (March 8, 1813 – December 17, 1877) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Driggs was born in Kinderhook, New York. He completed preparatory studies and moved with his parents to Tarrytown, New York, in 1825. H ...
(R)
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
(2 Republicans)
: .
William Windom
William Windom (May 10, 1827January 29, 1891) was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1869, and as U.S. Senator from 1870 to January 1871, from March 1871 to March 1881, and from November 1881 ...
Mississippi
Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...
Henry T. Blow
Henry Taylor Blow (July 15, 1817 – September 11, 1875) was a two-term U.S. Representative from Missouri and an ambassador to both Venezuela and Brazil.
Early life
Henry was born in Southampton County, Virginia, to Captain Peter and Elizabeth ...
Joseph W. McClurg
Joseph Washington McClurg (February 22, 1818December 2, 1900) was the 19th Governor of Missouri in the decade following the American Civil War. His stepfather was William Murphy.
Biography
Born near St. Louis, Missouri, McClurg was orphaned a ...
(R)
: .
Robert T. Van Horn
Robert Thompson Van Horn (May 19, 1824 – January 3, 1916) was an American lawyer, the owner and publisher of '' The Kansas City Enterprise'', the 6th mayor of Kansas City, Missouri during parts of the Civil War, a member of the Missouri General ...
(R)
: .
Benjamin F. Loan
Benjamin Franklin Loan (October 4, 1819 – March 30, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri, as well as a Missouri State Militia general in service to the Union during the American Civil War.
Biography
Benjamin F. Loan was born in ...
(R)
: .
John F. Benjamin
John Forbes Benjamin (January 23, 1817 – March 8, 1877) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.
Born in Cicero, New York, Benjamin attended the public schools.
He moved to Texas in 1845 and to Missouri in 1848.
He studied law.
He was admit ...
Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the sout ...
(1 Republican)
: . Turner M. Marquette (R), from March 2, 1867 (newly admitted state)
Nevada
Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...
(3 Republicans)
: .
Gilman Marston
Gilman Marston (August 20, 1811July 3, 1890) was a United States representative, Senator, and United States Army general from New Hampshire.
Early life
Marston was born in Orford, New Hampshire. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1837 and fr ...
James W. Patterson
James Willis Patterson (July 2, 1823May 4, 1893) was an American politician and a United States representative and Senator from New Hampshire.
Early life, education and family
Born in Henniker, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, he was the son ...
(R)
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
(3-2 Democratic)
: .
John F. Starr
John Farson Starr (March 25, 1818, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – August 9, 1904, Atlantic City, New Jersey), was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the United States House of Representatives, where he represented New Jersey' ...
Charles Sitgreaves
Charles Sitgreaves (April 22, 1803, Easton, Pennsylvania – March 17, 1878, Phillipsburg, New Jersey) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district for two terms from 1865 to 1869.
Ea ...
(D)
: .
Andrew J. Rogers
Andrew Jackson Rogers (July 1, 1828 – May 22, 1900) was an American lawyer, teacher, clerk, police commissioner and Democratic Party politician who represented in the United States House of Representatives for two terms from 1863 to 1867 ...
Stephen Taber
Stephen Taber (March 7, 1821 – April 23, 1886) was a farmer and businessman from New York. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a U.S. Representative from 1865 to 1869.
Biography
Taber was born in Dover, New York on March 7, 18 ...
Nelson Taylor
Nelson Taylor (June 8, 1821 – January 16, 1894) was a U.S. Representative from New York, a brigadier-general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a captain in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-American War.
Biography
Born in ...
John W. Chanler
John Winthrop Chanler (September 14, 1826 – October 19, 1877) was a prominent New York lawyer and a U.S. Representative from New York. He was a member of the Dudley–Winthrop family and married Margaret Astor Ward, a member of the Astor family ...
William A. Darling
William Augustus Darling (December 27, 1817 – May 26, 1895) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from New York (state), New York.
Biography
Darling was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended the local schools. H ...
(R)
: .
William Radford
William Radford (September 9, 1809 – January 8, 1890) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy who served during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War, in which he remained loyal to the Union, despite his Virginia birth. Ra ...
(D)
: .
Charles H. Winfield
Charles Henry Winfield (April 22, 1822 – June 10, 1888) was a U.S. Representative from New York during the latter half of the American Civil War and the beginning of Reconstruction.
Biography
Winfield was born in Crawford, New York where he ...
Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844. ...
Orlando Kellogg
Orlando Kellogg (June 18, 1809August 24, 1865) was a U.S. Representative from New York during the latter half of the American Civil War and the early days of Reconstruction.
Biography
Kellogg was born in Elizabethtown, New York and Kellogg pur ...
(R), until August 24, 1865
::
Robert S. Hale
Robert Safford Hale (September 24, 1822 – December 14, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Chelsea, Vermont, Hale attended South Royalton (Vermont) Academy, and was graduated from the University of Vermont at Burlin ...
(R), from December 3, 1865
: .
Calvin T. Hulburd
Calvin Tilden Hulburd (June 5, 1809 – October 25, 1897) was a United States representative from New York during the American Civil War and Reconstruction.
Early life
Born in Stockholm, New York, he completed preparatory studies and graduated ...
Roscoe Conkling
Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829April 18, 1888) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He is remembered today as the leader of the ...
(R)
: .
Sidney T. Holmes
Sidney Tracy Holmes (August 14, 1815 – January 16, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Schaghticoke, New York, Holmes moved with his parents to Morrisville, New York in 1819. He attended the public schools, graduated fro ...
Theodore M. Pomeroy
Theodore Medad Pomeroy (December 31, 1824 – March 23, 1905) was an American businessman and politician from New York who served as the 26th speaker of the United States House of Representatives for one day, from March 3, 1869, to March 4, 1869 ...
Roswell Hart
Roswell Hart (August 4, 1824 – April 20, 1883) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in Rochester, he completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Yale College in 1843, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. "Th ...
(R)
: .
Burt Van Horn
Burt Van Horn (October 28, 1823 – April 1, 1896) was a United States representative from New York during the American Civil War. He served New York's 31st District from 1861 to 1863, and the 29th District from 1865 to 1869. He was a staun ...
Henry H. Van Aernam
Henry Van Aernam (March 11, 1819 – June 1, 1894) was a United States representative from New York.
Early life
Born in Marcellus, Onondaga County, Van Aerman pursued an academic course, and studied medicine at the Geneva and Willoughby Me ...
(R)
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...
Ohio
Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
(17-2 Republican)
: .
Benjamin Eggleston
Benjamin Eggleston (January 3, 1816 – February 9, 1888) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
Life and career
Born in Corinth, New York, Eggleston completed preparatory studies. He moved with his parents to Hocking County, Ohio, in 1831. He ...
(R)
: .
Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governo ...
Edmund Cooper
Edmund Cooper (30 April 1926 – 11 March 1982) was an English poet and prolific writer of speculative fiction, romances, technical essays, several detective stories, and a children's book. These were published under his own name and several pe ...
John W. Leftwich
John William Leftwich (September 7, 1826 – March 6, 1870) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 8th congressional district of Tennessee. He was born in Liberty (now Bedford), Virginia in ...
(UU)
, -
,
, nowrap , Edwin H. Webster (UU)
, Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of
Baltimore
Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...
Orlando Kellogg
Orlando Kellogg (June 18, 1809August 24, 1865) was a U.S. Representative from New York during the latter half of the American Civil War and the early days of Reconstruction.
Biography
Kellogg was born in Elizabethtown, New York and Kellogg pur ...
(R)
, Died August 24, 1865
, nowrap ,
Robert S. Hale
Robert Safford Hale (September 24, 1822 – December 14, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Chelsea, Vermont, Hale attended South Royalton (Vermont) Academy, and was graduated from the University of Vermont at Burlin ...
(R)
, December 3, 1865
, -
,
, nowrap , Daniel W. Gooch (R)
, Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston
, nowrap ,
Nathaniel P. Banks
Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...
(R)
, December 4, 1865
, -
,
, Vacant
, incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest
, nowrap , Alexander H. Coffroth (D)
, February 19, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , Alexander H. Coffroth (D)
, Lost contested election July 18, 1866
, nowrap , William H. Koontz (R)
, July 18, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
, Lost contested election February 23, 1866
, nowrap , Henry D. Washburn (R)
, February 23, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , James Brooks (D)
, Lost contested election April 7, 1866
, nowrap , William E. Dodge (R)
, April 7, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , James Humphrey (R)
, Died June 16, 1866
, nowrap , John W. Hunter (D)
, December 4, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , Green C. Smith (UU)
, Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the
Montana Territory
The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the state of Montana.
Original boundaries
...
.
, nowrap ,
Andrew H. Ward
Andrew Harrison Ward (January 3, 1815 – April 16, 1904) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.
Early life and family
Andrew H. Ward was born near Cynthiana in Harrison County, Kentucky."Ward, Andrew Harrison". ''Biographical Directory of ...
(D)
, December 3, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , Lovell Rousseau (UU)
, Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat.
, nowrap , Lovell Rousseau (UU)
, December 3, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap , Henry Grider (D)
, Died September 7, 1866
, nowrap , Elijah Hise (D)
, December 3, 1866
, -
,
, nowrap ,
Philip Johnson
Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an American architect best known for his works of modern and postmodern architecture. Among his best-known designs are his modernist Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut; the po ...
(D)
, Died January 29, 1867
, Vacant
, Not filled this term
, -
,
, nowrap ,
Phineas Hitchcock
Phineas Warren Hitchcock (November 30, 1831July 10, 1881) was an American Delegate and a Senator from Nebraska. Hitchcock County, Nebraska, is named after him.
Early life
He was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, the son of Gad ...
(R)
, Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867
, colspan=2 , District eliminated
, -
,
, New State
, Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867
, nowrap , Turner M. Marquette (R)
, March 2, 1867
Committees
Senate
*
Agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
(Chairman:
John Sherman
John Sherman (May 10, 1823October 22, 1900) was an American politician from Ohio throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He also served as ...
Commerce
Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, nation ...
(Chairman:
Zachariah Chandler
Zachariah Chandler (December 10, 1813 – November 1, 1879) was an American businessman, politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a four-term sena ...
District of Columbia
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
Aaron H. Cragin
Aaron Harrison Cragin (February 3, 1821May 10, 1898) was an American politician and a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire.
Early life
Born in Weston, Vermont, Cragin completed preparatory studies, studied law, was admit ...
Foreign Relations
A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...
(Chairman:
Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American statesman and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of th ...
)
*
Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and Al ...
(Chairman:
John B. Henderson
John Brooks Henderson (November 16, 1826April 12, 1913) was a United States senator from Missouri and a co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. For his role in the investigation of the Whiskey Ring, he was cons ...
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
(Chairman:
Lyman Trumbull
Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a lawyer, judge, and United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull esta ...
)
*
Manufactures
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a rang ...
(Chairman:
William Sprague IV
William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War while he was a ...
Henry Wilson
Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was an American politician who was the 18th vice president of the United States from 1873 until his death in 1875 and a senator from Massachusetts from 1855 to ...
John Conness
John Conness (September 22, 1821 – January 10, 1909) was a first-generation Irish-American businessman who served as a U.S. Senator (1863–1869) from California during the American Civil War and the early years of Reconstruction. He intr ...
National Banks
In banking, the term national bank carries several meanings:
* a bank owned by the state
* an ordinary private bank which operates nationally (as opposed to regionally or locally or even internationally)
* in the United States, an ordinary p ...
Pacific Railroad
The Pacific Railroad (not to be confused with Union Pacific Railroad) was a railroad based in Missouri. It was a predecessor of both the Missouri Pacific Railroad and St. Louis-San Francisco Railway.
The Pacific was chartered by Missouri in 1849 ...
Alexander Ramsey
Alexander Ramsey (September 8, 1815 April 22, 1903) was an American politician. He served as a Whig and Republican over a variety of offices between the 1840s and the 1880s. He was the first Minnesota Territorial Governor.
Early years and fa ...
Public Lands
In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Australia, and Canada). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countrie ...
Retrenchment
Retrenchment (french: retrenchment, an old form of ''retranchement'', from ''retrancher'', to cut down, cut short) is an act of cutting down or reduction, particularly of public expenditure.
Political usage
The word is familiar in its most general ...
Territories
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal.
In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...
(Chairman:
Benjamin F. Wade
Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator for Ohio from 1851 to 1869. He is known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans.
Agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
(Chairman:
John Bidwell
John Bidwell (August 5, 1819 – April 4, 1900), known in Spanish as Don Juan Bidwell, was a Californian pioneer, politician, and soldier. Bidwell is known as the founder the city of Chico, California.
Born in New York, he emigrated at the age of ...
Thaddeus Stevens
Thaddeus Stevens (April 4, 1792August 11, 1868) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s. A fierce opponent of sla ...
Theodore M. Pomeroy
Theodore Medad Pomeroy (December 31, 1824 – March 23, 1905) was an American businessman and politician from New York who served as the 26th speaker of the United States House of Representatives for one day, from March 3, 1869, to March 4, 1869 ...
Columbus Delano
Columbus Delano (June 4, 1809 – October 23, 1896) was a lawyer, rancher, banker, statesman, and a member of the prominent Delano family. Forced to live on his own at an early age, Delano struggled to become a self-made man. Delano was electe ...
John A. Kasson
John Adam Kasson (January 11, 1822 – May 18, 1910) was a nineteenth-century lawyer, politician and diplomat from south-central Iowa. Elected to the U.S. House six times, he repeatedly interrupted his congressional service to serve in the D ...
)
*
Commerce
Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, nation ...
District of Columbia
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
(Chairman:
Ebon C. Ingersoll
Ebon Clark Ingersoll (December 12, 1831 – May 31, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois and the brother of the politician and orator Robert G. Ingersoll.
Born in Dresden, New York, Ingersoll moved to Wisconsin Territory in 1843 and ...
)
*
Elections
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative ...
George W. Julian
George Washington Julian (May 5, 1817 – July 7, 1899) was a politician, lawyer, and writer from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives during the 19th century. A leading opponent of slavery, Julian was the Free Soi ...
Jehu Baker
Jehu Baker (November 4, 1822 – March 1, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Baker moved with his father to Lebanon, Illinois, in 1829. He attended the common schools and McKendree University. He stu ...
Frederick A. Pike
Frederick Augustus Pike (December 9, 1816 – December 2, 1886) was a U.S. Representative from Maine.
Biography
Born in Calais, Massachusetts (now in Maine), Pike attended the common schools and the Washington Academy, East Machias, Maine.
...
Henry C. Deming
Henry Champion Deming (May 23, 1815 – October 8, 1872) was a politician and writer who served as U.S. Representative from Connecticut, the mayor Hartford, the acting military mayor of New Orleans, and a member of the Connecticut House of Repr ...
John W. Longyear
John Wesley Longyear (October 22, 1820 – March 10, 1875) was a United States representative from Michigan and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
Education and career
Longyea ...
Nathaniel P. Banks
Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...
Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and Al ...
(Chairman:
William Windom
William Windom (May 10, 1827January 29, 1891) was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1869, and as U.S. Senator from 1870 to January 1871, from March 1871 to March 1881, and from November 1881 ...
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
Manufactures
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a rang ...
(Chairman:
James K. Moorhead
James Kennedy Moorhead (September 7, 1806 – March 6, 1884) was a Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography
James K. Moorhead was born in Halifax, Pennsylvania. He ...
Military Affairs
''The Journal of Military History'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places. It is the official journal of the Society for Military History. The journal was established in 1937 and the ed ...
Militia
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...
(Chairman:
Abner C. Harding
Abner Clark Harding (February 10, 1807 – July 19, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Biography
Abner C. Harding was born in East Hampton, Connecticut on February 10, 1807. He attended Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, where h ...
William Higby
William Higby (August 18, 1813 – November 27, 1887) was an American politician, a Republican, a lawyer, a District Attorney, a judge, a newspaper editor, and a United States representative from California.
Biography
Higby was born in Willsb ...
Thomas A. Jenckes
Thomas Allen Jenckes I (November 2, 1818 – November 4, 1875) was a United States representative from Rhode Island. Jenckes was best known for introducing a bill that created the United States Department of Justice. President Ulysses S. Grant th ...
John H. Rice
John Hovey Rice (February 5, 1816 – March 14, 1911) was a U.S. Representative from Maine.
Biography
Born in Mount Vernon, Massachusetts (now in Maine), to Nathaniel and Mary Jane (Swazey) Rice, Rice attended the common schools. He served as ...
Calvin T. Hulburd
Calvin Tilden Hulburd (June 5, 1809 – October 25, 1897) was a United States representative from New York during the American Civil War and Reconstruction.
Early life
Born in Stockholm, New York, he completed preparatory studies and graduated ...
)
*
Public Lands
In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Australia, and Canada). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countrie ...
(Chairman:
George W. Julian
George Washington Julian (May 5, 1817 – July 7, 1899) was a politician, lawyer, and writer from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives during the 19th century. A leading opponent of slavery, Julian was the Free Soi ...
Glenni W. Scofield
Glenni William Scofield (March 11, 1817 – August 30, 1891) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State Representative, Pennsylvania State Senator, Register of the Treasury and a judge of the Court of Claims.
Educ ...
Kellian V. Whaley
Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley (May 6, 1821 – May 20, 1876) was a nineteenth-century lumberman and congressman from Virginia before the American Civil War and West Virginia after the state's creation. During the Civil War, Whaley was major ...
Rules
Rule or ruling may refer to:
Education
* Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia
Human activity
* The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power
* Business rule, a rule pert ...
Territories
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal.
In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...
(Chairman:
James M. Ashley
James Mitchell Ashley (November 14, 1824September 16, 1896) was an American politician and abolitionist. A member of the Republican Party, Ashley served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio during the American Civ ...
James Nye
James Warren Nye (June 10, 1815 – December 25, 1876) was an American attorney and politician. He was most notable for his service as Governor of Nevada Territory and a United States senator from Nevada.
Biography
He was born in DeRuyter, N ...
Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...
(Chairman: N/A)
*
Retrenchment
Retrenchment (french: retrenchment, an old form of ''retranchement'', from ''retrancher'', to cut down, cut short) is an act of cutting down or reduction, particularly of public expenditure.
Political usage
The word is familiar in its most general ...
Architect of the Capitol
The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is the federal agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex. It is an agency of the legislative branch of the federal government and is ...
Methodist
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's ...
), until March 9, 1865
**
Edgar H. Gray
Edgar Harkness Gray (1813–1894) was a Baptist clergyman who served as Chaplain of the Senate.
Early years
Edgar Harkness Gray was born on November 28, 1813, in Bridport, Vermont, the son of Daniel Gray and his second wife, Mary “Amy” Boswor ...
(
Baptist
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...
), from March 9, 1865
*
Secretary
A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a ...
Sergeant at Arms
Sergeant ( abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other un ...
:
George T. Brown
George may refer to:
People
* George (given name)
* George (surname)
* George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George
* George Washington, First President of the United States
* George W. Bush, 43rd President ...
William Henry Channing
William Henry Channing (May 25, 1810 – December 23, 1884) was an American Unitarian clergyman, writer and philosopher.
Biography
William Henry Channing was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Channing's father, Francis Dana Channing, died when he wa ...
Charles B. Boynton
Charles Brandon Boynton (1806–1883) was the first president of Howard University and also served as chaplain of the United States House of Representatives.
During his tenure as chaplain of the House of Representatives, Boynton was also the cong ...
Clerk
A clerk is a white-collar worker who conducts general office tasks, or a worker who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service ...
:
Edward McPherson
Edward McPherson (July 31, 1830 – December 14, 1895) was an American newspaper editor and politician who served two terms in the United States House of Representatives, as well as multiple terms as the Clerk of the House of Representative ...
Ira Goodnow
Ira or IRA may refer to:
*Ira (name), a Hebrew, Sanskrit, Russian or Finnish language personal name
*Ira (surname), a rare Estonian and some other language family name
*Iran, UNDP code IRA
Law
*Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, US, on status of ...
William D. Todd
William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...
Sergeant at Arms
Sergeant ( abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other un ...
United States elections, 1864
The 1864 United States elections were held on November 8, 1864. National Union President Abraham Lincoln was elected to a second term, while the Republicans added to their majorities in Congress. The elections were held during the American Civ ...
(elections leading to this Congress)
**
1864 United States presidential election
The 1864 United States presidential election was the 20th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1864. Near the end of the American Civil War, incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily ...
**
United States Senate elections, 1864 and 1865
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
United States Senate elections, 1866 and 1867
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
**
United States House of Representatives elections, 1866
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two f ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* Aynes, Richard L. "The 39th Congress (1865–1867) and the 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives," ''Akron Law Review,'' 42 (no. 4, 2009), 1019–49.
*
*
*
The '' Congressional Globe'' contains the official transcripts and proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, although newspapers often provided their own transcripts that sometimes differed from the official ones. Following are external links to the pertinent volumes of the ''Globe'', which are downloadable and/or searchable via ''
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical ...