Rosario () is the largest city in the central

Argentine province Argentina is subdivided into twenty-three federated states called provinces ( es, provincias, singular ''provincia'') and one called the autonomous city (''ciudad autónoma'') of Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the republic ( es ...

of Santa Fe. The city is located northwest of

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

, on the west bank of the

Paraná River The Paraná River ( es, Río Paraná, links=no , pt, Rio Paraná, gn, Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some ."Parana River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Br ...

. Rosario is the third-most populous city in the country, and is also the most populous city in Argentina that is not a capital (provincial or national). With a growing and important

metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...

, Greater Rosario has an estimated population of 1,750,000 . One of its main attractions includes the neoclassical,

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

, and

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

architecture that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses and public buildings. Rosario is the head city of the

Rosario Department The Rosario Department (in Spanish, ''Departamento Rosario'') is an administrative subdivision (''departamento'') of the . It is located on the south of the province, with its eastern border coinciding with the provincial border along the Paraná ...

and is located at the heart of the major industrial corridor in Argentina. The city is a major

railroad Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...

terminal and the shipping center for north-eastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a

port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...

. The

Port of Rosario The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the western shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean. Overview ...

is subject to silting and must be

dredge Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing da ...

d periodically.

Export An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an ...

s include

wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...

flour Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds. Flours are used to make many different foods. Cereal flour, particularly wheat flour, is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many culture ...

hay Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticated ...

, linseed and other vegetable oils,

corn Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...

sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double ...

lumber Lumber is wood that has been processed into dimensional lumber, including beams and planks or boards, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, wi ...

meat Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chic ...

, hides, and

wool Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have properties similar to animal wool. As ...

. Manufactured goods include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. The

Rosario-Victoria Bridge Rosario-Victoria Bridge (in Spanish, ''Puente Rosario-Victoria'') is the informal name of the physical connection between the Argentine cities of Rosario (province of Santa Fe) and Victoria (province of Entre Ríos). This roadlink is composed ...

, opened in 2004, spans the Paraná River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria, across the Paraná Delta. The city plays a critical role in agricultural commerce, and thus finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy. Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the "

Virgin of the Rosary Our Lady of the Rosary, also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a Marian title. The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Feast of Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary is celebrated on 7 October in the General Roma ...

", whose feast day is October 7.

History

Early settlement

Even though the city did not have a clear foundation date or any official acknowledgement thereof, most commentators state that Rosario was founded on 7 October 1793 with a local population of 457 inhabitants. Nonetheless, the town was officially declared a ''city'' on 3 August 1852, at the time it was known as ''Pago de los Arroyos'', that is, "land of the

stream A stream is a continuous body of water, body of surface water Current (stream), flowing within the stream bed, bed and bank (geography), banks of a channel (geography), channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream ...

s", a reference to the several small rivers that traverse the southern region of Santa Fe, like the

Ludueña Stream The Ludueña Stream (in Spanish, Arroyo Ludueña) is a small river (about long including its tributaries) in the , which starts near the city of Rosario and flows through it, mostly east-southwards, ending in the Paraná River in the neighbourhoo ...

, the Saladillo Stream and others, emptying into the

. In 1689, captain Luís Romero de Piñeda received part of the lands of the Pago de los Arroyos by royal decree, as payment for services to the Spanish Crown. Before that, the area was originally inhabited by various indigenous tribes, some of which lived in ''

reducciones Reductions ( es, reducciones, also called ; , pl. ) were settlements created by Empire of Spain, Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines). In Portuguese America, Portugues ...

'', a type of mission founded by

Franciscan The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...

s. These missions were ultimately attacked and destroyed by hostile tribes of the Chaco region. Romero de Piñeda established the first permanent settlement, an ''estancia'' — intended as farmland, not as a town. In 1719, the

Jesuits The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

bought another part and established ''Estancia San Miguel''. The area was still so scarcely populated that it had no central authority; it was ruled from the provincial capital ( Santa Fe), and in turn from Buenos Aires. In 1724, another colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a

chapel A chapel is a Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. Firstly, smaller spaces inside a church that have their own altar are often called chapels; the Lady chapel is a common ty ...

, and was appointed

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

in 1751. The area of control of this local government extended northward from today's Rosario; only in 1784 was it divided into two smaller jurisdictions. On February 27, 1812, General

Manuel Belgrano Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He ...

raised the newly created Argentine flag on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time. Because of this, Rosario is known as the "Cradle of the Argentine Flag". The National Flag Memorial marks the occasion.

19th century

The province of Santa Fe suffered greatly from the civil war that afflicted Argentina after 1820. Demographic growth was relatively slow. During this period, Rosario was a small settlement and a stop on the way from the city of Santa Fe to Buenos Aires. In 1823, it was elevated to the category of "village" (''Ilustre y Fiel Villa del Rosario'').

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...

travelled through the area in 1832 and described Rosario as "a large town" with about 2,000 residents. In 1841, a decree of the '' caudillo'' and Governor of Buenos Aires,

Juan Manuel de Rosas Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas (30 March 1793 – 14 March 1877), nicknamed "Restorer of the Laws", was an Argentine politician and army officer who ruled Buenos Aires Province and briefly the Argentine Confederation. Althoug ...

, banned navigation of the Paraná and

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

rivers to non-Argentine vessels, and thus shut off the

to foreign trade. On 25 December 1851, a small group of locals and the military guard of the city declared their support for the rival ''caudillo'' Justo José de Urquiza. As a reward for their participation in the

Battle of Caseros The Battle of Caseros ( es, Batalla de Caseros) was fought near the town of El Palomar, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, on 3 February 1852, between the Army of Buenos Aires commanded by Juan Manuel de Rosas and the Grand Army (''Ejército ...

, triumphant Urquiza wrote to the governor of Santa Fe on 9 June 1852 asking for Rosario to be granted city status. Governor

Domingo Crespo Domingo Crespo (1791–1871) was an Argentine politician who was governor of the province of Santa Fe from 1851 to 1854. Crespo was a landowner born in Santa Fe City. In 1851 he supported the movement of the ''Federales'' led by the ''caudill ...

justified the request at the provincial legislative body, marking the geographically strategic position of the town for national and international trade, and on 5 August, Rosario was formally declared a city. Urquiza opened up the river for free international trade. The city's economy and population expanded at an accelerated rate. By 1880, Rosario had become the first export outlet of Argentina. During the last 15 years of the 19th century, the city more than doubled its population, in part due to

immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...

. By 1887 it had about 50,000 inhabitants, of whom 40% were

European immigrants European emigration is the successive emigration waves from the European continent to other continents. The origins of the various European diasporas can be traced to the people who left the European nation states or stateless ethnic communities ...

, who brought new ideas from Europe and began to turn Rosario into a politically progressive city (contrasting with the more conservative, aristocratic Santa Fe). During the second half of the 19th century, there was a movement promoting that the city of Rosario become the capital of the republic. Ovidio Lagos, founder of the oldest Argentine newspaper, ''

La Capital , type = Daily newspaper , format =Tabloid , founder = Ovidio LagosEudoro Carrasco , foundation = 15 November 1867 , owners = Grupo América , publisher = Orlando Vignatti , editor = Editorial Diario LA CAPITAL S.A. , circulation ...

'', was one of the strongest proponents of this idea ( one of the main avenues in Rosario now carries his name). Rosario was indeed declared the federal capital on three occasions, but each time the law was vetoed by the Executive Branch (once by

Bartolomé Mitre Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, soldier and author. He was President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868 and the first president of unified Argentina. Mitre is known as the most versatile ...

and twice by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento). In 1911, the French-owned railway company

Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano The Rosario and Puerto Belgrano Railway (Spanish: Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano, and in French: Compagnie de Chemins de Fer Rosario-Puerto Belgrano) was a French-owned railway company which operated a broad gauge, , single track li ...

opened a line between Rosario and

Puerto Belgrano Port Belgrano Naval Base ( es, Base Naval Puerto Belgrano - BNPB) is the largest naval base of the Argentine Navy, situated next to Punta Alta, near Bahía Blanca, about south of Buenos Aires. It is named after the brigantine ''General Belgr ...

, Argentina's main naval base. By 1926, Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many coming from Europe in the wake of World War I.

Contemporary history

In 1969, workers and students took to the streets and organized strikes in what has been dubbed the "

Rosariazo The Rosariazo () was a protest movement that consisted in demonstrations and strikes, in Rosario, , between May and September 1969, during the military dictatorial rule of ''de facto'' President General Juan Carlos Onganía. The Rosariazo was c ...

" against the dictatorship. A few years later, in 1976, the

military dictatorship A military dictatorship is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the m ...

made hundreds of dissident citizens " disappear" in what is known as the

Dirty War The Dirty War ( es, Guerra sucia) is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina ( es, dictadura cívico-militar de Argentina, links=no) for the period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983 a ...

. In 1983, Argentina returned to democratic rule, but in 1989, hyperinflation caused the economic collapse of the country. In Rosario there were

riots A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted ...

and looting episodes. Under the Menem administration, the situation worsened as the industrial sector of the city was dismantled by foreign competition, and agricultural exports stagnated. In 1995,

unemployment Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for Work (human activity), w ...

in the area reached 21.1% and a large part of Rosario's population fell below the

poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for t ...

. Since the recovery of the

national economy National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...

that followed the 2001 collapse, Rosario's economic situation has improved. The boom in agricultural exports has caused a large increase in consumer spending and investment. The

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...

has won mayoral races in the city in every election since Councilman Héctor Cavallero's 1989 election. Cavallero's successor, Hermes Binner (elected in 1995), was elected

Governor of Santa Fe The Governor of Santa Fe ( es, Gobernador de la Provincia de Santa Fe) is a citizen of Santa Fe Province, in Argentina, holding the office of governor for the corresponding period. Currently the governor of Santa Fe is Omar Perotti, of the Justicia ...

in 2007 and became the runner-up in the 2011 presidential election on the FAP ticket. Mayor Miguel Lifschitz's administration, elected in 2007, took advantage of the economic boom to invest heavily in public works as well as in public health (which takes up about a quarter of the whole

budget A budget is a calculation play, usually but not always financial, for a defined period, often one year or a month. A budget may include anticipated sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities including time, costs and expenses, environmenta ...

). Mayor Mónica Fein became, in 2011, the first Socialist woman elected mayor in Argentine history. After the 1990s, Rosario became a major city of the illegal drug trade in Argentina, headed by a drug family gang called "Los Monos" ("The Monkeys"). Early during 2018, it was estimated by national news sources that a turf war between local drug gangs ("Los Funes" and "Los Camino") was costing an average of one life every twenty five hours.

File:Mercado del Sud (postal MA).jpg, Mercado Sud (c.1903) File:Palacio de Justicia de Rosario.jpg, Palace of Justice (c.1905) File:Hotel Savoy Rosario (postal FR).jpg, Hotel Savoy (c.1910) File:Plaza San Martin en Rosario.jpg, San Martín Square (c.1920s) File:Yrigoyen en Rosario.jpg,

Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...

on a train during an electoral campaign (1926) File:Inauguración del Monumento a la Bandera.jpg, Inauguration of the National Flag Memorial (1957)

Government

Rosario is ruled by an executive branch represented by a

(seat:

Palacio de los Leones ''Palacio de los Leones'' (Spanish, Palace of the Lions) is the name of the main municipal building of the city of Rosario, Argentina. The Palace is the seat of the executive branch of the municipal government. It is located at the corner of Bu ...

), and a legislative branch, consisting of a Deliberative Council (seat:

Palacio Vassallo Palacio Vasallo (Spanish, "Vasallo Palace") is the seat of the Legislative Branch of the municipal A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by n ...

). The mayor is elected for a four-year term, and the Council renews half of its 21 members every two years.

Municipal Centre District (CMD)

Since 1997, a municipal program of decentralization of legislative activities was carried out, materialized in 6 Municipal Centres of District (Centre, North, South, West, Northwest and Southwest). The city is divided into six large administrative

districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

(Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), with Municipal District Centers that provide services to the population. For years, local people and institutions have been pushing the provincial government to grant Rosario the status of

Autonomous City Autonomous city is a type of autonomous administrative division. Argentina The 1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina granted Buenos Aires city, previously the federal district of Argentina, the status of autonomous city, to allow its c ...

. Some, with the sponsorship of the governors of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba as well as other important politicians, have put forward a legislative project to move the

National Congress ''National Congress'' is a term used in the names of various political parties and legislatures . Political parties *Ethiopia: Oromo National Congress *Guyana: People's National Congress (Guyana) *India: Indian National Congress *Iraq: Iraqi Nati ...

to Rosario, to

decentralize Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group. Conce ...

the national government. Since the return to democracy in 1983, the mayors of Rosario were Horacio Usandizaga, Héctor Cavallero (standing in for Usandizaga, then re-elected), Hermes Binner (re-elected once), Miguel Lifschitz (re-elected once), and, since December 2011 to December 2019, Mónica Fein. Currently, the mayor is Pablo Javkin, whose term lasts from December 2019 to 2023. From Cavallero on (1989), the mayor has been a member of the

, since December 2019, Rosario's mayor is from a different political party, ending more than 30 years of socialism. The city does not have a

police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and t ...

force of its own (it is served by the provincial police), but in 2004 it pioneered the creation of a special patrol force of unarmed officers called ''Guardia Urbana Municipal'' ("Municipal Urban Guard"), which was later used as a model for

and other cities. Perpetuo Socorro Rosario 3

Municipal statistics

The municipality of Rosario comprises , of which are urbanized, in 6,306 housing blocks. Of this area, , 5.3% is devoted to green spaces (parks, boulevards, plazas), which gives over 10 m² of green space per inhabitant. Electric power is supplied to the whole urban area and running water reaches 97% of the population (about 350,000 homes). Natural gas is provided to 227,152 homes. With the recovery of the national economy since 2002, the city experienced a real-estate boom. In the period 2003–2006, the construction sector added 2 million m², investing about $900 million. Despite this increased supply, both price and rent have increased sharply compared to the values during the 1990s. According to experts, this growth was propelled by the increased purchasing power of farmers around Rosario, helped by competitive exports, and the overall preference for safer investment options.

Health

Rosario has several public health centers: five municipal hospitals (including a children's hospital and an emergency hospital/

trauma center A trauma center (or trauma centre) is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major trauma, major traumatic injuries such as Falling (accident), falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma cent ...

) and a municipal outpatient-only center, plus two large provincial hospitals ( Hospital Provincial and Hospital Centenario), and their associated primary care centers in the city proper and its metropolitan area.

Economy

Rosario is the centre of a metropolitan region whose economy is based on services and industry, generating the second-largest urban gross regional product of Argentina, after Greater Buenos Aires. The principal manufacturing sector is the agro industry, whose industries are placed in the northern and southern areas of Greater Rosario; the investments over the last decade have transformed Rosario into a major role of processing oil of the world Many other sectors contribute to the diversified industrial offerings of the city. Rosario and its metropolitan area produce 20% of the cars, 4% of the domestic refrigerators, 80% of the machinery for the food industry and 100% of the auto bodies for long-distance buses made in Argentina. Other important sectors include the petrochemical sector, with three plants located in the suburbs of San Lorenzo and Port San Martin; the chemistry sector, with plants for sulphuric acid, fertilizers, resins and other products; the cellulose industry; the meat industry; ironworks; auto parts; the plants and equipment for bottled oil; agricultural machinery; and the materials and equipment for the construction industry. Worldwide international companies settled in Rosario include, among others,

General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...

Cargill Cargill, Incorporated, is a privately held American global food corporation based in Minnetonka, Minnesota, and incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware. Founded in 1865, it is the largest privately held corporation in the United States in ter ...

Unilever Unilever plc is a British multinational consumer goods company with headquarters in London, England. Unilever products include food, condiments, bottled water, baby food, soft drink, ice cream, instant coffee, cleaning agents, energy drink, t ...

John Deere Deere & Company, doing business as John Deere (), is an American corporation that manufactures agricultural machinery, heavy equipment, forestry machinery, diesel engines, drivetrains (axles, transmissions, gearboxes) used in heavy equipment, ...

Petrobrás Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by the portmanteau Petrobras (), is a state-owned Brazilian multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petrole ...

, ICI,

Dow Dow or DOW may refer to: Business * Dow Jones Industrial Average, or simply the Dow, a stock market index * Dow Inc., an American commodity chemical company ** Dow Chemical Company, a subsidiary, an American multinational chemical corporation ...

Tenneco Tenneco (formerly Tenneco Automotive and originally Tennessee Gas Transmission Company) is an American automotive components original equipment manufacturer and an aftermarket ride control and emissions products manufacturer. It is a Fortune 50 ...

and Mahle. The main financial bank at the city of Rosario is the

Municipal Bank of Rosario The Municipal Bank of Rosario (Spanish: ''Banco Municipal de Rosario'', BMR) is a bank in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its central offices are located in the downtown area, on San Martín St., and there are several additional office ...

. Its central offices are located in the financial district, on San Martín St., and there are several additional offices throughout the city. It is focused on

small and medium enterprise Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel and revenue numbers fall below certain limits. The abbreviation "SME" is used by international organizations such as the World Bank ...

s and other organizations, especially through micro credits, and may be considered an " ethical bank." Puente Rosario-Victoria 2

The Municipal Bank was founded in 1896 to support the financial needs of the citizens and small businesses in the highly productive region of southern Santa Fe Province, centered in Rosario. At the time, the city had around 92,000 inhabitants and was already the most important port on the Paraná River. The idea of creating a municipal financial institution was expressed in 1893 by Mayor Floduardo Grandoli, citing the proliferation of "centers of

usury Usury () is the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender. The term may be used in a moral sense—condemning taking advantage of others' misfortunes—or in a legal sense, where an interest rate is ch ...

" that exploited those in need of credit, especially the poor (something not addressed by the profile of the Provincial Bank of Santa Fe, which granted loans only to demonstrably solvent persons). Acting on this, the municipal Counseling Commission passed a bill (on 1 February 1895) dictating an "Organic Charter of the Municipal Bank of Loans and Savings Accounts;" the bank opened exactly one year later. The seat of the bank was moved in 1905. Its name was changed to its present form on 14 May 1940 by a municipal bill. Its location was moved again, for the last time so far, in 1986. Following some political controversy, the bank in 2006 was capitalized by the municipality to comply with new regulations dictated by the

Central Bank A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central ba ...

, and transformed into a

joint stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are ...

, with only 1% of the stock belonging to the municipal state. A special clause was added, dictating that this minimum share is unchangeable, to prevent hypothetical attempts at

privatization Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...

. The

Rosario Board of Trade The Rosario Board of Trade ( es, Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario, ''BCR'') is a non-profit making association based in Rosario, in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Founded on August 18, 1884, it serves as a forum for the conduct of trade negoti ...

hosts the country's largest

commodity In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them. The price of a comm ...

market, dealing in cereals and oilseeds, and also the largest

futures exchange A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts defined by the exchange. Futures contracts are derivatives contracts to buy or sell specific quantities of a commodity or f ...

(ROFEX). The banking sector includes the state-owned

, with branches and offices throughout the city, and the central branch of the

New Bank of Santa Fe The New Bank of Santa Fe (Spanish: ''Nuevo Banco de Santa Fe'', NBSF) is the most important financial entity in the Santa Fe Province, Argentina and has the largest territorial coverage that reaches 96 percent of the district's inhabitants. It is ...

. The largest technological center in Argentina – Polo Tecnológico Rosario (PTR) – is located in Rosario within La Siberia site. The center focuses mainly on research and development of the three following areas: biotechnology, software development, and telecommunications. It currently employs 3,500 people, and it is expected to grow 100% by 2015 to become one of the largest in Latin America.

Culture

Rosario has many cultural activities in many artistic disciplines with national and international reach. The city has produced important personalities in the fields of music, painting, philosophy, politics, poetry, literature, medicine, and law. Among the city's important theaters are El Círculo,

Sala Lavardén The ''Sala Lavardén'' (Spanish, Lavardén Hall) is an important theater in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is formally called ''Teatro Provincial Manuel José de Lavardén'' and is part of the culture center of the same name, in tur ...

, Broadway, Astengo Auditorium, and La Comedia. A cultural complex known as

Puerto de la Música The ''Puerto de la Música'' (Spanish, "Port of Music") is a planned cultural complex which was to be built in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina, beside the Paraná River. the plan is on hold for the foreseeable future. The project The Puerto de la M ...

, designed by the modernist architect

Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was ...

(of Brasilia fame), is to be built along the banks of the Paraná River. If completed, it will be one of the largest centers for musical performance in Latin America. In 2012, after years without progress, it was put on indefinite hold due to financial constraints. January 1995 saw the launch of the Rosario District Fishing Championship, held in the Parana River. Three years later, in 1998, a 10-year-old Lionel Messi was crowned Junior Champion. The city has several

museum A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...

s, including

Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum The Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum ( es, Museo de Bellas Artes Juan B. Castagnino) is an art museum in the city of Rosario, , considered the most important of the interior of the country and the second in national terms. It is administer ...

Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum (in Spanish, ''Museo de Arte Decorativo Firma y Odilo Estévez'') is the former home of the Estévez family in Rosario, Argentina, which was donated to the Government of Rosario, Municipality ...

Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum The Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum (in Spanish, ''Museo Histórico Provincial Dr. Julio Marc'') is a museum in Rosario, Argentina. It comprises more than 30 rooms hosting collections of archaeological items, Spanish-American art, n ...

, City Museum, and

Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario The Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario (Spanish, ''Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Rosario'', often abbreviated ''MACRo'') is an annex to the Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum that is devoted to contemporary art. It's located in the city of ...

(MACRo). The

Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum The Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum (in Spanish, ''Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Dr. Ángel Gallardo'') is a public museum in Rosario, Argentina, specialized in biology. It was founded by Professor Pascual Maciá (a p ...

was rebuilt after a fire in 2003 and re-opened at a new location in 2006. Rosario also has a public astronomy complex, located in Urquiza Park, which consists of an

observatory An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysical, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. His ...

(inaugurated in 1970) and a

planetarium A planetarium ( planetariums or ''planetaria'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. A dominant feature of most planetarium ...

(1984). The

Fundación Italia The Fundación Italia is a cultural institution from Rosario, Argentina. It was created in 1985 to "promote arts, science and technique", by people who boast a "cultural bond with Italy". Although most of the people that work in the organization ...

is a cultural institution created in 1985 as a "cultural bond with Italy". It has organized a

Neapolitan Neapolitan means of or pertaining to Naples, a city in Italy; or to: Geography and history * Province of Naples, a province in the Campania region of southern Italy that includes the city * Duchy of Naples, in existence during the Early and Hig ...

music concert, performances of '' Madame Butterfly'' and numerous talks about the present and future of Argentina. Among the people invited to give these talks were economists

Domingo Cavallo Domingo Felipe Cavallo (born July 21, 1946) is an Argentine economist and politician. Between 1991 and 1996 he was Economic Ministry of Argentina during Carlos Menem presidency. He is known for implementing the ''Convertibility plan'', which es ...

and

Alfonso Prat Gay Alfonso Prat-Gay (born 24 November 1965) is an Argentina, Argentine economist and politician. Following the election of Mauricio Macri to the President of Argentina, presidency on 2015 Argentine general election, 2015, he became Ministry of Econom ...

, renowned scholars

Beatriz Sarlo Beatriz Sarlo (born 1942) is an Argentine literary and cultural critic. She was also founding editor of the cultural journal '' Punto de Vista'' ("Point of View"). She became an Order of Cultural Merit laureate in 2009. Biography Beatriz Sarlo ...

and Silvia Bleichmar, journalists Alejandro Rozitchner and

Jorge Asís Jorge Cayetano Zaín Asís (3 March 1946, Avellaneda) is an Argentine writer, journalist and politician. His literary career took off in the 1970s, when he published a daily column in ''Clarín'', and published a number of novels that dealt with ...

, filmmaker

Fernando Solanas Fernando Ezequiel "Pino" Solanas (16 February 1936 – 6 November 2020) was an Argentine film director, screenwriter, and politician. His films include; '' La hora de los hornos (The Hour of the Furnaces)'' (1968), '' Tangos: el exilio de Gardel'' ...

and former presidents of Chile ( Ricardo Lagos), Argentina (

Eduardo Duhalde Eduardo Alberto Duhalde (; born 5 October 1941) is an Argentine Peronist politician who served as the interim President of Argentina from January 2002 to May 2003. He also served as Vice President and Governor of Buenos Aires in the 1990s. Bor ...

), and Uruguay (

Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG (; ''Lacalle'' locally or ; born 13 July 1941), is a Uruguayan politician and lawyer who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995. Background His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, ...

Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Rosario (MACRO)

Cultural centers

* Centro Cultural Roberto Fontanarrosa *

Centro Popular de la Memoria The Popular center of remembrance (''Centro Popular de la Memoria'') is a former illegal detention center in Rosario, . It was used by the provincial police between 1976 and 1979, during the Dirty War, to hold people with no formal charges and tor ...

* Centro Cultural Islas Malvinas * Centro Cultural Estación Provincial * Grupo Pasajes * Centro de Cultura & Comunicación * Centro Cultural El Núcleo * Centro Cultural Los Hornos

Theaters

* Teatro El Círculo * Teatro La Comedia * Teatro Auditorio Fundación * Teatro Sala Lavardén * Teatro Puerto de la Música * Teatro Municipal Coliseo Podestá * Anfiteatro Martín Fierro * Teatro La Nonna * Teatro La Hermandad del Princesa * Sala 420 * Taller de Teatro de la UNLP * Complejo "El Teatro" * Teatro "La Lechuza" * Teatro vorterix

Museums

* Museo De Los Niños (In Alto Rosario shopping mall) * Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico" * Municipal Museum of the City * Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes * Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes * Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico" * Colección Dr. Emilio Azzarini * Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Rosario - MACRo * Museo Histórico del Fuerte de la Ensenada de Barragán * Museo y Archivo Dardo Rocha * Museo Almafuerte * Museo del Teatro Argentino * Museo "José Juan Podestá" * Museo de la Catedral * Museo Internacional de Muñecos * Museo del Automóvil – Colección Rau * Museo del Tango Platense * Museo Policial "Inspector Mayor Vesiroglos" * Museo Histórico "Contralmirante Chalier" – Escuela Naval de Río Santiago * Museo Histórico Militar "Tte. Julio A. Roca" * Museo de la Memoria * Complejo Astronómico Municipal

Cinemas

* Cine El Cairo *Cinema San Martín * Cinema 8 * Cinema Center Bautista * Cinema Paradiso * Cinema Rocha * Cine Select * Espacio

INCAA The National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts ( es, Instituto Nacional de Cine y Artes Audiovisuales, INCAA; also referred to as the Argentine National Film Board) is an agency of the Government of Argentina. It promotes the Argentine ...

* Cine Monumental * Cine Madre Cabrini * Showcase Cinemas * Hoyts Cinemas * Village Cinemas * Cinema MarianoN

Racecourse

The Independence Hippodrome opened on December 8 of 1901, when the first ride meeting was held. The Hippodrome was located in the heart of the Parque de la Independencia and occupied a prominent place in the city's social scene. In 1919, construction began of the Popular Opinion. La Tribuna rose Partners in 1928. Moreover, it had started the construction of a new box office. In 1941, the Tribune Paddock (formerly Partners Tribune) was demolished. The final podium of professional construidaes, begun in 1972. Independence Hippodrome was the initiator in Argentina night time racing, with lighting facilities for this purpose. There's also the Jockey Club de Rosario. ; Tracks The racecourse features three tracks that are used for entertainment, vacation, and skills. The Main Track has of sand. This track is open on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for tests, with Sunday competitions. The Assistant Track 1 has with sand, used on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays inclusive for the tournaments and some special courses such as race trot. The Assistant Track 2 has of land used to jog and tame. ; Tribunes * Ex-Tribune Partners: with a privileged view of the oval track and focused, this building covers and three levels, the second is a restaurant seating 150 people. * Professional-Tribune, has a covered area of . On the ground floor is the technical area and the Commissariat sector. * Paddock-Tribune, has covered area of . It has a gambling parlor and a VIP room with a buffet area for the fans. It has the office of the Administration and the boxes for journalists.

Libraries

Biblioteca Argentina Dr. Juan Álvarez The ''Biblioteca Argentina Dr. Juan Álvarez'' is a public library in Rosario, Argentina. It is the most important library in the city and in the provinces of Argentina, province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe. The library houses 186,000 books. ...

*Biblioteca Central General José de San Martín * Biblioteca Municipal Francisco López Merino * Biblioteca de la Legislatura de la Provincia * Biblioteca Pedagógica Eudoro Díaz

Landmarks

National Flag Memorial

Monumento a la Bandera, Rosario, Santa Fe (Argentina)

Rosario National Flag Memorial View-20110510-RM-144455

The National Flag Memorial in Rosario is a monumental complex built near the banks of the Paraná River. It was commissioned in 1944 and inaugurated on June 20, 1957 – the anniversary of the death of

, creator of the Argentine flag, who raised it for the first time on an island in the river on February 27, 1812. The complex has a total area of about and was constructed using stone primarily sourced in the Andes. The structure was designed by the architects

Ángel Guido Ángel Francisco Guido (1896–1960) was an Argentine architect, engineer and writer. Guido was educated at the National University of Córdoba and graduated as an architect in 1921. Most of his work is in his home town of Rosario. With ...

and

Alejandro Bustillo Alejandro Bustillo (18 March 1889 – 3 November 1982) was an Argentine painter and architect who left his mark in various tourist destinations in Argentina, especially in the Andean region of the Patagonia. Biography Born in Buenos Aires, son ...

, and the monument was adorned with works by sculptors

Lola Mora Dolores Candelaria Mora Vega (November 17, 1866 – June 7, 1936) known professionally as Lola Mora, was a sculptor born in San Miguel de Tucumán, in Argentina. She is known today as a rebel and a pioneer of women in her artistic field. Early ...

, Eduardo Barnes, Alfredo Bigatti, and José Fioravanti. The Memorial (Monumento) has three parts: the Tower (Torre) or mast, high, which commemorates the Revolution of May 1810 and houses Manuel Belgrano's crypt in its base; the Civic Courtyard (Patio Cívico), which symbolizes the effort of the organization of the state (the Courtyard is used for massive open-air shows), and the Triumphal Propylaeum (Propileo Triunfal), representing the nation as organized after the 1853 Constitution. Under the Propylaeum there is the Honor Room for the Flags of America (where the flags of all American nations are displayed). The complex faces Belgrano Avenue, and is delimited by Córdoba and Santa Fe Streets, the latter of which slopes down towards the river at this point. The Propylaeum can be accessed from the pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), which starts at Buenos Aires St. between the municipal building (Palacio de los Leones) and the Cathedral, in front of Plaza 25 de Mayo (May 25 Square). Statues flank the passage by famous sculptor Lola Mora. The Memorial and the National Flag Park located in front of it are the seat of the main celebrations of Flag Day on June 20. The 50th anniversary of the inauguration of the complex, in 2007, was marked by a special celebration and by the unveiling of a new lighting system.
El Puerto de la Música
will be a theater with a total capacity of 30,000 people located by the Paraná River. Architect

came up with the concept by expanding the show from inside the theater to a much larger outside audience. The concrete curvilinear shape building with an area of is the first design of Oscar Niemeyer in Argentina. The project will be a distinctive part of Rosario's skyline. Construction will begin at the end of 2010 and is expected to be completed by 2014.

Planetarium

Located in Urquiza Park, Rosario's Municipal Astronomical Complex is one of the principal astronomical centers of the region. The planetarium has a core team, together with its secondary elements, providing an artificial image of the sky through projections made on a fixed hemispherical dome that functions as a display. The assembly is installed in the Room "Oscar Claudio Caprile", located in the heart of the magnificent building that is shaped like a comet. For its technical characteristics in terms of size, quality of sound and image, and interior comfort, this room is considered among the best in the world. The building in the shape of a comet forms a part of the complex that includes the "Prof. Victor Capolongo" observatory and the experimental science museum.

=The observatory

= Municipal Astronomical Observatory "Prof. Victor Capolongo" was inaugurated on June 18, 1970, and named its first director. The Observatory facilitates outreach, teaching, and research in the field of astronomy and related sciences and informs the public of phenomena that occur in the sky, such as eclipses, planetary configurations, passages of comets, etc. To that end, the Observatory has installed two telescopes. One Coudé refractor has a aperture and focal distance provided with Lyot's monochromatic filter for solar observation. Another Cassegrain reflector has aperture, constructed by the Carl Zeiss company. There are realized observations and astronomical photography of all the visible celestial objects in Rosario's sky, according to time of year and especially the Sun, the Moon, and the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus. The asteroid

14812 Rosario Year 1481 ( MCDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar). Events January–December * May 3 ** The 1481 Rhodes earthquake, the largest of a series, strikes the island of R ...

was named in the city's honor as a result.

=Experimental Science Museum

= This museum was inaugurated on September 24, 1987. It is the first in Argentina and differs from traditional museums, in that it has equipment and instruments to demonstrate the laws of nature, which can be interactively used by the general public. Thus, visitors of all ages can use telescopes and microscopes or experiment with lasers, sound mixers, radios of various types, computers, solar cells, etc. To complement this, exhibit panels have photographs and explanatory texts of science and technology: mathematics and computer science, engineering, physics, astronomy, astronautics, geology, chemistry, and biology. In addition, an important area is intended for periodic samples, such as the

Space Age The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the Sputnik_1#Launch_and_mission, launch of Sputnik 1 ...

, energy: renewable and rational use, from sand to glass, among others. The museum staff is supported by contributions from the Ministry of Science and Technology Office, the Municipality of Rosario, and the contributions made by institutions and individuals. The museum audiovisual projections are made in the Video Sector Science, which has an area called "CIENCIANIÑO" (ChildScience) for children aged 4 to 10. The museum works in the evening, similar to the Planetarium. Educational institutions at all levels are treated in shift assignments.

Statue of Che Guevara

The 4-metre-tall bronze statue of

Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...

was unveiled on 14 June 2008 to commemorate the 80th anniversary of his birth. It is made from 75,000 bronze keys donated by Argentines nationwide and weighs 2.7 tons. The statue was made by artist

Andrés Zerneri Andres or Andrés may refer to: *Andres, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Will County, Illinois, US *Andres, Pas-de-Calais, a commune in Pas-de-Calais, France *Andres (name) *Hurricane Andres * "Andres" (song), a 1994 song by L7 See also ...

and is the first such monument to Guevara in his native Argentina.

Demographics

Demographic distribution

Rosario is located in the

Province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.2 million (1,159,004 est.), thus being Argentina's third most populated urban settlement, after Córdoba. INDEC, 2001 census, updated by the Permanent Home Survey (first semester 2006). Published in ''

'', 21 September 2006. Greater Rosario comprises Rosario itself (population about 910,000) and a large area around it, spreading in all directions except eastward (because of the Paraná River). Directly to the south, it includes the city of

Villa Gobernador Gálvez Villa Gobernador Gálvez is a city in the provinces of Argentina, province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina, located on the western ravine of the Paraná River, within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario. It had 74,509 inhabitants per ...

, with a population of about 75,000, about from Rosario city center. To the west and south-west there are several smaller towns and cities ( Funes, Roldán,

Pérez Pérez, or Perez as most commonly written in English, is a Castilian Spanish surname. Perez (pronounced Peretz, see below) is also common in people of Sephardic Jewish descent and is the 4th most common surname in Israel, most common surname not o ...

, Soldini); Roldán is from the Rosario city centre. These settlements were incorporated into the metropolis due to their vicinity to major roads leading into Rosario, and many people living there habitually

commute Commute, commutation or commutative may refer to: * Commuting, the process of travelling between a place of residence and a place of work Mathematics * Commutative property, a property of a mathematical operation whose result is insensitive to th ...

to Rosario. The farthest end is to the north, following the coast of the river; from Rosario, one finds, in succession and usually merging into each other, the towns of

Granadero Baigorria Granadero Baigorria is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located directly north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area. Its population is about ...

Capitán Bermúdez Capitán Bermúdez is a city in the provinces of Argentina, province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, (north of Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, immediately north of Granadero Baigorria) ...

Fray Luis Beltrán Fray or Frays or The Fray may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities *Fray, a phenomenon in Terry Pratchett's ''The Carpet People'' *Fray, the main character in the video games: **''Fray in Magical Adventure'' **''Fray CD'' ...

San Lorenzo San Lorenzo is the Italian and Spanish name for Lawrence of Rome, Saint Lawrence, the 3rd-century Christian martyr, and may refer to: Places Argentina * San Lorenzo, Santa Fe * San Lorenzo Department, Chaco * Monte San Lorenzo, a mountain on t ...

(already in a different ''

departamento A ' () is a country subdivision in several Latin American Latin Americans ( es, Latinoamericanos; pt, Latino-americanos; ) are the citizens of Latin American countries (or people with cultural, ancestral or national origins in Latin America) ...

'', with a population of over 40,000), and

Puerto General San Martín Puerto General San Martín is a small city in the provinces of Argentina, province of Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, about north from the center of the city of Rosario, on the weste ...

, the last being at a distance of from Rosario. The north of the Greater Rosario is one end of an area traditionally called ''Cordón Industrial'' ("Industrial Corridor"), since it was traditionally a heavily industrialized productive region. The prelude to the economic crisis in the 1990s largely dismantled the industrial infrastructure and damaged agricultural exports. These sectors were largely revitalized by

2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...

as the national economy continued to recover, but high levels of poverty and unemployment persist in the city's western neighborhoods (official surveys indicated that in 2011, 6.5% of the metro area population was under the

; and that in 2012, 8.3% of the labor force was unemployed). In 1876 the total population was 203,509; by 1926, Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many having arrived from Europe in the wake of World War I. Most of these were Italian, and among them, a majority from the north-western region of

Liguria Liguria (; lij, Ligûria ; french: Ligurie) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is ...

. As of the 2010 Census, there were 1,193,605 people residing in the city and 31 surrounding districts, making Greater Rosario the third-largest metro area in Argentina even as its population growth has leveled off. The population density in Rosario proper was 6,680 inhabitants per square kilometer (17,300 per mi²); but, only about 2,400 per km² (6,100 per mi²) in the suburbs.2001 Census
Club Español Rosario

The 2010 Census also showed a relatively aged population. With 21% under the age of fifteen and 17% over sixty, the people have an age structure similar to those in many North American cities. They are, likewise, more elderly on average than Argentines as a whole (of whom 25% were under 15 and 14%, over 60). The ethnic make-up of Rosario changed in the late 19th century, when significant numbers of European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this the city's population had been almost completely European-descent in ethnic origin. As

was the first landfall in Argentina for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1850s and 1890s, Rosario started to experience a diverse influx of people. The main contributors were

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

, the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

(especially

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

and

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

, and

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...

(especially

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

). By the 1910s, 43 percent of the city population was non-native Argentine after immigration rates peaked. Most immigrants, regardless of origin, settled in the city or around Greater Rosario. However, in the first stages of immigration, some formed colonies (especially agricultural colonies) in different parts of the city, often encouraged by the Argentine government and/or sponsored by private individuals and organizations.

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

is the dominant faith with

Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

as the most practiced, followed by

Protestantism Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

is the second-most professed religion in the city as Rosario has one of the largest Jewish communities in Argentina. There is also a local

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

ic society.

Districts

Rosario is divided into six districts, most named by location, although the easternmost is called ''Centre District'' for it includes the oldest part of the city, historically called ''Centro'' (City Centre). The data given below are from the . Villa Hortensia 1

; Centre District Population: 261,047 Area: 20.37 km² (11.45% of the city)
Population density: 12,815 inhab/km² Housing: 110,152 units ; North District Population: 131,495 Area: 35.02 km² (19.6% of the city)
Population density: 3,744 inhab/km² Housing: 40,492 units ; Northwest District Population: 144,461 Area: 44.14 km² (24.7% of the city)
Population density: 3,273 inhab/km² Housing: 41,740 units ; West District Population: 106,356 Area: 40.21 km² (22.5% of the city)
Population density: 2,645 inhab/km² Housing: 31,625 units ; Southwest District Population: 103,446 Area: 20.19 km² (11.3% of the city)
Population density: 5,123 inhab/km² Housing: 28,284 units ; South District Population: 160,771 Area: 18.76 km² (10.5% of the city)
Population density: 8,569 inhab/km² Housing: 48,541 units

Urban structure

Centre District

At Rosario city center, Córdoba Street is the main avenue. It begins at the Flag Memorial Park, climbs towards the district area, and becomes a pedestrian walk for seven blocks, between Plaza 25 de Mayo and Plaza Pringles. Along Córdoba Ave to the west ''

Paseo del Siglo ''Paseo del Siglo'' (literally Tour of the Century or Walk of the Century) is a part of the historical center of the city of Rosario, Argentina. It comprises eight blocks in the downtown Córdoba Street, from Oroño Boulevard east up to Paraguay ...

'' ("Walk of the Century") was settled, with former houses of wealthy families, finally there is also the '' San Martín Square'', and elsewhere, '' Plaza Montenegro'' (on ''Peatonal San Martín'', the pedestrian-only four blocks of San Martín Street) and '' Plaza Sarmiento''. Oroño Boulevard (going north–south) and Pellegrini Avenue (east-west) mark the boundaries of the town center together with the river. At their confluence starts the

Parque de la Independencia The ''Parque de la Independencia'' (Independence Park) is a large public park in Rosario, . It is located near the geographical center of the city, its limits defined by Moreno Street and three important avenues: Pellegrini Avenue, Ovidio ...

, that houses the

, the Newell's Old Boys football club, and the sports clubs ''Provincial'' and ''Gimnasia y Esgrima'', as well as the horse racetrack and the former ''Sociedad Rural'' (Rural Society). Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini Avenue, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez. To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main ''

barrio ''Barrio'' () is a Spanish language, Spanish word that means "Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter" or "neighborhood". In the modern Spanish language, it is generally defined as each area of a city, usually delimited by functional (e.g. residenti ...

s'' in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream. Among the districts in the west are Echesortu,

Belgrano Belgrano may refer to: People * Joaquín Belgrano (1773–1848), an Argentine patriot * José Denis Belgrano (1844–1917), Spanish painter * Joseph Belgrano (1762–1823), Argentine military officer and politician, brother of Manuel * Manuel Belg ...

, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton. To the north-east there lie Pichincha, Ludueña,

Lisandro de la Torre Lisandro de la Torre (6 December 1868 – 5 January 1939) was an Argentine politician, born in Rosario, Santa Fe. He was considered as a model of ethics in politics. He was a national deputy and senator, a prominent polemicist, and founder o ...

(home of Rosario Central's stadium) and Empalme Graneros. Rosario Dolfines Guaraní Nocturna

Next to the stadium, there is the

Parque Alem {{coord, 32, 54, 38.30, S, 60, 40, 45.38, W, display=title The ''Parque Alem'' (Alem Park, full name ''Parque Leandro Nicéforo Alem'') is a large public park in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, bes ...

, and nearby the Sorrento thermal

power plant A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid. Many pow ...

. To the north lie the districts of Alberdi, La Florida (with a popular

beach resort A seaside resort is a town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements, such as in the German ' ...

of the same name), Parque Field (built under US President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress development plans) and Rucci. The main streets are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the

and the city of

). These are crossed by the avenues Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento, and Puccio. An important part of Rosario's urban character is its riverbank. The city recovered the riverbank of the Paraná not long ago, thanks to a reorganization of terrains formerly owned by the port and the national railroad system. Going from the center immediately north of the port, the riverbank is surrounded by a large number of parks; Argentine flag Memorial,

Parque de España The ''Parque de España'' (Park of Spain) is an urban complex in Rosario, Argentina. It comprises the park and a cultural centre, with a total surface area of 10,000 m², located near the historical centre of the city, on the coast of the Paraná ...

, Parque de las Colectividades and Parque Sunchales.

Greater Rosario

Through the years, Rosario has spread in all directions. Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez.To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main neighborhoods in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream (the natural border with

). This is just south of the great barrio Grandoli. Among the neighborhoods in the west are Echesortu,

, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy, and Fisherton (near the west end of the city, formerly the home of hierarchical personnel of English railroad companies established in Rosario). To the north-east there lie the neighborhoods of Pichincha (a

red-light district A red-light district or pleasure district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theaters, are found. In most cases, red-light districts are particu ...

in the early 20th century, now home to an open-air antiquities fair: ''Mercado de antigüedades "Feria Retro La Huella"''), Ludueña,

(home of the Rosario Central football club) and Empalme Graneros; these last three are in the influence area of the

, now contained by underground piping, but until the 1980s a source of floods. Next to the Rosario Central stadium, there is a large park,

, and not far from it, there stands the Sorrento thermoelectric

. North of the Lisandro de la Torre neighborhood, there are Alberdi (formerly an independent town), La Florida (with a popular

of the same name), and Rucci. The main streets in the north are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the north exit of the city, the access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge, and the town of

). These major arteries are crossed by several avenues: Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento, and Puccio.

Transportation

Rosario's strategic location is destined to become a significant transportation hub and as the bi-oceanic corridor that links the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), an important component in global distribution and the core center of a key corridor in the Mercosur, the Common Market for the South. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Rosario, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 50 min. 9% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 19% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.3 km, while 4% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.

Road transport

The Rosario public transport system includes buses,

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...

es and taxicabs. The Rosario trolleybus system consists of only one main trunk line. It is presently operated by a

government-owned corporation A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn profit for the governmen ...

SEMTUR SEMTUR (''Sociedad del Estado Municipal para el Transporte Urbano de Rosario'', "Municipal State Society for Rosario Urban Transport") was a government-owned corporation based in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It was managed by the m ...

(Sociedad del Estado Municipal para el Transporte Urbano de Rosario, "Municipal State Society for Rosario Urban Transport"), as are some of Rosario's other urban bus lines. Plaza Sarmiento is the hub of the city bus system, about 40 urban lines in the metropolitan area that provide service every 5 to 10 minutes. Bus fares are pre-paid by means of either a rechargeable plastic card or a disposable paper

card Card or The Card may refer to: * Various types of plastic cards: **By type ***Magnetic stripe card *** Chip card *** Digital card **By function ***Payment card ****Credit card **** Debit card ****EC-card ****Identity card ****European Health Insur ...

with a

magnetic stripe The term digital card can refer to a physical item, such as a memory card on a camera, or, increasingly since 2017, to the digital content hosted as a virtual card or cloud card, as a digital virtual representation of a physical card. They share ...

which can be bought from

post office A post office is a public facility and a retailer that provides mail services, such as accepting letters and parcels, providing post office boxes, and selling postage stamps, packaging, and stationery. Post offices may offer additional serv ...

s, automatic vending machines, and private businesses. For occasional use, a larger fare can be paid using a

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order t ...

machine in the bus unit. The interurban lines have differential fares, and some allow payment in cash only. The municipal administration is phasing out the paper cards, in favor of the plastic ones, during the second half of 2012. The urban bus fleet was partially renewed during the recovery of the national economy, since 2003, and consists of about 730 units. In 2005 the average age of the buses was five years and 11 months. Improvements in the economy have led to increased use of public transport and comparatively less use of bicycles. According to the Rosario Transportation Office, in 2005 there were about 11 million bus journeys per month, by 2007, usage has climbed to 420,000 people every day (12.6 million per month). A significant number of buses run on

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

, as it also happens in Argentina as a whole since the price of this fuel is quite low compared to the alternatives. The idea to transform all buses to this system did not prosper; most buses run on heavily subsidized

diesel fuel Diesel fuel , also called diesel oil, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and t ...

. In 2012

bus lane A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The related term busway describes a roadway ...

s were added to several pairs of parallel streets traversing the downtown area. Bus stops along these are spaced every three blocks instead of the usual two. For the most part, they leave room to only one additional, narrow lane on the left for cars and other vehicles. They can be used for taxis carrying passengers as well. They are exclusive for public transport during weekdays and on Saturday morning; stopping or parking on the affected streets is forbidden, as well as right turns. Their implementation attracted opposition from residents and shop owners but was well received by habitual bus users since they reduce the time needed to get out of the crowded central area by a noticeable amount. Rosario has a medium-sized

taxi A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice ...

fleet, with units painted black and outlined in yellow. Some belong to radio-taxi companies and can be reserved by telephone; others only in the streets. As the economy of Argentina recovers, the capacity of the taxi fleet has been strained by higher usage. In September 2005, the Deliberative Council approved the compulsory installation of radio-call systems in all taxi units, but this requirement has not been fulfilled. Rosario is also a major hub for long-distance overland transportation from the Mariano Moreno Bus Terminal, (''Terminal de Omnibus''), across from the

Patio de la Madera The Patio de la Madera, (''Centro de Exposiciones y Convenciones Complejo Patio de la Madera'') is a "Convention and Exposition Centre" complex located in Rosario, , occupying two blocks opposite the ''Mariano Moreno'' Bus Terminal, near the geogr ...

Convention and Exposition Centre complex, about 15 blocks west of Plaza San Martin. The transportation facility serves 73 bus companies in short, medium, and long-distance travel, carrying 1,100.000 passengers per month to 784 national and international destinations, which comprise most major domestic cities including

Puerto Iguazú Puerto Iguazú is a border city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. With a population of 82,227 (), it is the fourth largest city in the Province, after Posadas, Oberá, and Eldorado. The world-renowned Iguazú Falls are only away from ...

Salta Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic ce ...

and

Bariloche San Carlos de Bariloche, usually known as Bariloche (), is a city in the province of Río Negro Province, Río Negro, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake. It is located within the Nahuel ...

and international destinations such as

Asunción Asunción (, , , Guarani: Paraguay) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay. The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River and the Bay of ...

, Paraguay,

Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in ...

and

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, Brazil and

Montevideo Montevideo () is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . M ...

, Uruguay, destinations may be long but white-clad chauffeurs handle comfortable long-distance coaches with modern conveniences.

Railway

Rosario was one of the main cities chosen by the British and French railway companies that built and operated some of the railways in Argentina during the 19th and early 20th centuries, with more than 15 stations operating in the city. When the entire Argentine railway network was

nationalised Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...

during the Presidency of

Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected P ...

, most of the stations (by then under the administration of State-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos) were closed for

passenger A passenger (also abbreviated as pax) is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The ...

services to reduce costs, leaving only a few active. After the railway privatization in the early 1990s during

Carlos Menem Carlos Saúl Menem (2 July 1930 – 14 February 2021) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. Ideologically, he identified as a Peronist and supported economically liberal policies. H ...

's presidency, the passenger services were considerably reduced. The lines operated by

Nuevo Central Argentino Nuevo Central Argentino S. A. (abbreviated NCA) is an Argentine company that utilises the operation and infrastructure of the national railway system of the former Mitre Railway division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos, by a concession granted on 23 ...

(NCA) handle most of the

cargo Cargo consists of bulk goods conveyed by water, air, or land. In economics, freight is cargo that is transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. ''Cargo'' was originally a shipload but now covers all types of freight, including trans ...

. Additionally, two

private Private or privates may refer to: Music * " In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorde ...

companies provided limited passenger services to several major cities. Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA) ran weekly trains south to Retiro in Buenos Aires and north to Santa Fe. The company Ferrocentral also operated weekly trains south to Buenos Aires and northwest to Córdoba and Tucumán. Nowadays, passenger services to Rosario are being operated by

state-owned company A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a Government, government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn Profit (econom ...

Trenes Argentinos, running trains to Rosario Norte with stop in Rosario Sur. The other station in the main district, Rosario Oeste, used to concentrate all the passenger services when railways were nationalised in 1948, but currently operates for freight trains only. As of June 2021, only two stations remain active for passenger services in the city. The following chart describes the total of existing railway stations in Rosario: Notes:

Projects

There was a project to build a

high-speed train High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail system that runs significantly faster than traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines ...

between Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba, scheduled to be started in 2008, with an inauguration in 2012, that would join Rosario and Buenos Aires in 85 minutes, and would reach Córdoba in another 90 minutes at speeds of up to . However it never was constructed and the project was finally suspended after the controversy it generated among the citizens and the media critics because of the high costs it implicated.

Trams

The city once had a large tramway network with 192 km of track in the centre of the city, however this was abandoned in 1963 after fierce competition from bus transport in the city. The city now has two heritage tramways, one of which uses vintage trams converted to run on rubber tyres, while the other uses the original trams from the city refurbished to run on rails. More recently, a metro system was proposed for the city, though this was shelved in favour of a new urban tramway network. The network is currently in the bidding process, with large firms like

Siemens Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational conglomerate corporation and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe headquartered in Munich with branch offices abroad. The principal divisions of the corporation are ''Industry'', '' ...

and

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (ICBC; ) is a Chinese multinational bank. Founded as a limited company on 1 January 1984, ICBC is a state-owned commercial bank. With capital provided by the Ministry of Finance of China, the ...

bidding for its construction. It is expected to begin at the recently inaugurated Rosario Sur Station and run northwards through the city.

Roadways

Rosario is linked to the rest of the country by a number of roads: the Aramburu Highway (southeast, to Buenos Aires), National Route 9 (from Buenos Aires to Rosario and then north and west up to Jujuy and Bolivia), the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway (north, to Santa Fe City), National Route 11 (to the north of Santa Fe, Formosa and Paraguay), National Route 33 (to the southwest of Santa Fe and the province of Buenos Aires, and then through National Route 7 to San Luis, Mendoza and Chile), National Route 34 (north to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Bolivia), and National Route 174 (east, to Entre Ríos, over the

). It is surrounded with an extensive system of two belt-highways called Circunvalación Motorway and A012 which in turn set the limits of the city. The beltway is and was built for traffic to avoid the congested city centre, allowing drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time. In its length, it intersects with National Route 9, National Route 3, National Route 34, National Route 11 and National Route 174. Puente Rosario victoria y Luna

The official numbering system denotes this road as "A008" but this denomination is mostly unknown by the locals as it is still called "''Avenida de Circunvalación 25 de Mayo''" ("''25 of May Beltway Avenue''") commemorating the

May Revolution The May Revolution ( es, Revolución de Mayo) was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. This Spanish colony included roughly the terri ...

of 1810. Some sections are named after different personalities by local decree. For example: * The section from the east end on 27 Boulevard to the crossing of Ayacucho Street (old exit to the Rosario-Buenos Aires Highway, now access to Provincial Route 21), is called ''"National Route A008 Tte. General Juan Carlos Sánchez"'' by decree #232 of 14 May 1981. * The section between National Route 9 and the exit to Santa Fe (the state capital) National Route 11 on the intersection with Rondeau Boulevard is called ''"National Route A008 Dr. Constantino Razzetti"'' by law #25769 of 1 September 2003. The A012 is the second beltway at the southeast of the city. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of

it runs for . This road is popularly known as the ''Second Rosario Beltway'', as it borders the metropolitan area of greater Rosario. Through National Decree 1595 of 1979 this road switched to federal control. Beforehand this road was called Provincial Route 16.

Airports

The Rosario – Islas Malvinas International Airport is located west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. The city of Funes lies directly to the west of the airport, and part of the city limit shares a border with the property of the airport grounds. The airport covers an area of 550 hectares (1359 acres) and is operated by the Province of Santa Fe. at AIP Argentina
Aeropuerto Internacional Rosario "Islas Malvinas"
'' at ''Organismo Regulador del Sistema Nacional de Aeropuertos (ORSNA)'' The airport serves the Greater Rosario area and is the main hub for

Sol Líneas Aéreas SOL S.A. Líneas Aéreas was an Argentine airline founded in 2005, and operating since August 2006 pursuant to an agreement between Transatlántica Group and the government of Santa Fe Province, who sought to improve air connections between the ...

and is also served by Aerolíneas Argentinas, Pluna and Gol Transportes Aéreos. There are domestic flights within Argentina from Rosario to

, Córdoba,

Mar del Plata Mar del Plata is a city on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata" is a s ...

(via Buenos Aires), Mendoza (vía Córdoba), Santa Fe and

Villa Gesell Villa Gesell is a seaside resort city in Villa Gesell Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1931, with the intention of turning a dune field into a timber plantation.

(via Buenos Aires) cities as well as international services to,

Porto Alegre, Brazil Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the twelfth most populous city in the country and the center of Brazil's fift ...

, and

Punta del Este, Uruguay Punta del Este () is a seaside city and peninsula on the Atlantic Coast in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay. Starting as a small town, Punta del Este later became internationally known as a resort for the Latin and North American ...

(direct flight in summer and via Buenos Aires in fall, winter and spring). The airport is at an altitude of . Its longest

runway According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a runway is a "defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft". Runways may be a man-made surface (often asphalt concrete, as ...

measures .

Port

The

is an inland port and a major goods-shipping centre of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario,

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

of Santa Fe, on the left-hand (western) shore of the Paraná River, about upstream from the Atlantic Ocean. At this point of the course of the Paraná River (Kilometer 420, Mile 260), there is the depth transition between overseas and river navigation. The main channel of the river directly in front of the port has an advantageous configuration that allows preservation of a depth of with minor periodic

dredging Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing da ...

. This allows for downstream navigation of vessels up to

Panamax Panamax and New Panamax (or Neopanamax) are terms for the size limits for ships travelling through the Panama Canal. The limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) in a publication titled "Vessel Requirements". ...

standards. The Paraná is about wide at Kilometer 418. It becomes wide downstream. The port is the largest of a series located in the several cities of the Greater Rosario that lie on the Paraná; the last (northernmost) able of overseas traffic being

(. It is part of the Bi-Oceanic Corridor, which joins the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean via Buenos Aires, Rosario, Córdoba, and the Cuyo region ; going north–south it forms the axis of the

-Paraná Hydroway. It directly services the area of Santa Fe that produces a large portion of Argentine exports, and indirectly the whole Mercosur trade bloc. In 2003 the traffic in the port amounted to . Cargo from other parts of Argentina is brought into the port by the railway lines of the

, communicating with Córdoba (west) and

Zárate, Buenos Aires Zárate is a port city in the northeast of the . It lies on the western shore of the Paraná River, from Buenos Aires. Its population as per the is 101,271 inhabitants. It is the headquarters for and the only city in the '' partido'' of the sam ...

(south), as well as the multiple national and provincial roads and highways that converge in Rosario. Communication with the north-eastern part of the country was enhanced by the 2003 opening of the

, that joins the city with the province of Entre Ríos. The

Rosario International Airport Rosario () is the largest city in the central Argentine province of Santa Fe. The city is located northwest of Buenos Aires, on the west bank of the Paraná River. Rosario is the third-most populous city in the country, and is also the most ...

(located west) has also been refurbished to work with cargo traffic.

Education

Rosario is an important educational centre at a national and international level. It is the home of the

National University of Rosario The National University of Rosario ( es, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, UNR) is a research public university located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Overview Rosario National University (UNR) was created in 1968 by ...

(UNR) since 1968, which includes the

Law Faculty A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...

, the Medicine Faculty, the Humanities Faculty and an advanced study centre called ''Ciudad Universitaria de Rosario'' (university city of Rosario) that is home to more than 10 colleges, among them the Faculty of Psychology, the Faculty of Political Sciences, and the Faculty of Architecture. It is also home of the Rosario Regional Faculty, a branch of the National Technological University (UTN). All of these national colleges are free. In the city there are approximately 624 establishments destined for elementary levels and secondary education, the Technical Institute, which depends directly on the UNR. With a solid tradition as for university education, it is head of several academic institutions, and is public, and free access. Currently, there are some 80,000 university students at various institutions around the city, representing approximately 8.5% of the total population. This rate is one of the highest in Argentina. In Rosario, nearly 15% of the population benefits from higher education degrees, or have undergone at least some university studies. Rosario has private colleges, as the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the Austral University, the

University of the Latin American Educational Center The University of the Latin American Educational Center is a non-profit private university based in Rosario, Argentina. Established in 1993, it was the first Methodist-related university in Argentina, and the first independent degree-granting uni ...

(UCEL), the

Interamerican Open University The Interamerican Open University (in Spanish, ''Universidad Abierta Interamericana'', UAI) is a private university in Argentina. Its main seat and rectorate is located in Buenos Aires. It has educational facilities in six locations in the city an ...

(UAI), the Italian University of Rosario (IUNIR), the San Martin University and the University of Concepcion del Uruguay which are private institutions.

Language

Rosario is the third largest urban center where Rioplatense Spanish is spoken, after Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The local language evidences the typical linguistic features that characterize this

dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of Linguistics, linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety (linguisti ...

, notably the

voseo In Spanish grammar, () is the use of as a second-person singular pronoun, along with its associated verbal forms, in certain regions where the language is spoken. In those regions it replaces , i.e. the use of the pronoun and its verbal for ...

(use of ''vos'' instead of ''tú'' as pronoun for the second person singular) and the ''sheísmo'' (form of

yeísmo ''Yeísmo'' (; literally "Y-ism") is a distinctive feature of certain dialects of the Spanish language, characterized by the loss of the traditional palatal lateral approximant phoneme (written ) and its merger into the phoneme (written ), u ...

where ''ll-'' and ''y-'' are pronounced as a

voiceless In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies v ...

). Although the ''español rosarino'' does not differ substantially from the other variants of the same dialect, it presents particularities easily noticeable by those who live in the other main populated areas of the region. One of the most notable characteristics of the language of Rosario's area of influence is the process of aspiration and disappearance of the ''-s''. When the ''-s'' is in implosive position, end of syllable or word followed by consonant, its sound becomes a soft and voiceless aspiration (the word ''obispo'' is pronounced o̞ˈβihpo̞). In the popular and vulgar language, the final ''-s'', ''-r'', or ''-d'' are sometimes suppressed, although this phenomenon is commonly associated to sociocultural groups of lower formal education. Just as in Buenos Aires, the ''voseo'' is pronominal and verbal. The pronoun ''tú'' and its associated verbal forms are inexistent (which is not the case of the Montevideo variant) The tendency to add a final ''-s'' to the verbal forms of the second person plural (''vos fuistes'', ''vos vinistes''), which is rather common in Buenos Aires, is very unusual among Rosario natives. The intonation in Rosario is generally more neutral and monotonous than that of Buenos Aires. Even though the

lexicon A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word ''lexicon'' derives from Koine Greek language, Greek word (), neuter of () ...

of Rosario and Buenos Aires is effectively identical, there are numerous terms and idioms that Rosario shares with the rest of the country (even areas where a different dialect prevails) but not with the capital, as well as other words and expressions that are unique to the ''rosarino'' speech, both formal and informal. The '' Rosarigasino'' is a type of

Jerigonza {{Infobox Language game , nativename = ''Jeringozo'', ''Idioma de la Pe'' , states = Spain, Latin America , classification = Jeringonza , hostlanguage = Spanish, European Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, others Jeringonza is a Sp ...

(game of words) that originated in the city and was rather common in the informal speech during the 20th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it has become a language of

cult In modern English, ''cult'' is usually a pejorative term for a social group that is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs and rituals, or its common interest in a particular personality, object, or goal. This ...

among certain local groups.

Sports

Rosario is the home of the

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

clubs Rosario Central (founded 1889) and Newell's Old Boys (founded 1903). Both play in Primera División Argentina. Central has won four National championships (in 1971, 1973, 1980 and in 1987), six National cups (1913, 1915, two cups in 1916, 1920 and 2018), and one international title: the

Conmebol Cup The Copa CONMEBOL ( en, CONMEBOL Cup) was an annual football cup competition organized by CONMEBOL between 1992 and 1999 for South American football clubs. During its time of existence, it was a very prestigious South American club football cont ...

(in 1995, precursor of the current

Copa Sudamericana The CONMEBOL Sudamericana, named as ''Copa Sudamericana'' (; pt, Copa Sul-Americana ), is an annual international club football competition organized by CONMEBOL since 2002. It is the second-most prestigious club competition in South American ...

). Newell's has 6 National championships (in 1974, 1988, 1991, 1992, 2004 and in 2013) and 3 National cups (in 1911, 1921 and in 1949). Rosario's other football clubs are

Club Atlético Central Córdoba Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

, currently playing in

Primera C The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (G ...

Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino (mostly known just as Tiro Federal or Tiro Federal de Rosario) is an Argentine football club from the city of Rosario, in Santa Fe Province. The team currently fun plays in Torneo Argentino A, the third di ...

Torneo Argentino A The Torneo Argentino A (in English "Argentine A Tournament") was one of the two leagues that formed the regionalised third level of the Argentine football league system. Clubs in the Torneo Argentino have indirect membership in AFA, while clubs ...

and

Argentino de Rosario Club Atlético Argentino, commonly known as Argentino de Rosario, is an Argentine football club from the city of Rosario, Santa Fe. The team currently plays in Primera D Metropolitana, the regionalised fifth division of the Argentine football leag ...

Primera D The Primera D is one of two leagues that form the fifth division of the Argentine football league system. Made up of 11 clubs from Buenos Aires Province, the league is the only one that remains amateur. The other league at level five is the Torne ...

. It is also the hometown of Argentine internationals

Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi (; born 24 June 1987), also known as Leo Messi, is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Paris Saint-Germain and captains the Argentina national team. Widely regarded as one of the ...

, Ángel Di María, Maximiliano Rodríguez, César Delgado, Ezequiel Lavezzi,

Mauro Icardi Mauro Emanuel Icardi Rivero (; born 19 February 1993) is an Argentine professional Association football, footballer who plays as a Striker (association football), striker for Süper Lig club Galatasaray S.K. (football), Galatasaray, on loan fro ...

Giovani Lo Celso Giovani Lo Celso (born 9 April 1996) is an Argentine professional Association football, footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Villarreal CF, Villarreal, on loan from Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Tottenham Ho ...

, Leandro Fernández, Ezequiel Garay, Luciana Aymar,

Juan Imhoff Juan José Imhoff (born 11 May 1988 in Rosario) is an Argentine rugby union footballer. He plays as a wing and fullback. Club career He played for Duendes Rugby Club, from 2009 to 2011, in the Nacional de Clubes, which he won twice, in 2009 a ...

Nicolás Vergallo Nicolás Vergallo (born 20 August 1983 in Rosario) is an Argentine and Italian rugby union footballer, currently playing in France for Lyon. He plays at scrum-half. Career Club He played for Jockey Club de Rosario in Argentina between 2004 and 2 ...

and

Leonardo Senatore Leonardo Senatore (born May 13, 1984 in Rosario) is an Argentine rugby union player. He plays as a number eight or flanker. He made his debut against Uruguay. He was then selected to play against Chile and scored a try in that game. In July 2011 ...

. The city received international attention as the host of the II South American Games in 1982, as one of the host cities of the

1978 FIFA World Cup The 1978 FIFA World Cup was the 11th edition of the FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football world championship tournament among the men's senior national teams. It was held in Argentina between 1 and 25 June. The Cup was won by t ...

, the

1982 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship The 1982 FIVB Men's World Championship was the tenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 1 to 15 October 1982 in Argentina. Qualification * India withdrew and were replaced by Iraq. ...

, the 1993

FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship The FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship, called the FIVB Volleyball Men's Junior World Championship between 2007 and 2011, is the world championship of volleyball for male players under the age of 21 organized by ''Fédération Internati ...

, the

2001 FIFA World Youth Championship The 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Argentina between 17 June and 8 July 2001. The 2001 championship was the 13th contested. The tournament took part in six cities, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Salta, and Mar de ...

and the

1990 Basketball World Cup The 1990 FIBA World Championship was the 11th FIBA World Championship, the international basketball world championship for men's teams. It was hosted by Argentina from 8 to 19 August 1990. The final phase of the competition was held at the Luna Pa ...

. Rosario also bid for the

2019 Pan American Games The 2019 Pan American Games ( es, Juegos Panamericanos de 2019, links=no), officially the XVIII Pan American Games and commonly known as the Lima 2019 Pan-Am Games or Lima 2019 ( qu, Limaq 2019), were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Spo ...

but the Argentine Olympic Committee (COA) voted to support La Punta instead. Rosario is the second choice site for

Argentine Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, s ...

rugby Rugby may refer to: Sport * Rugby football in many forms: ** Rugby league: 13 players per side *** Masters Rugby League *** Mod league *** Rugby league nines *** Rugby league sevens *** Touch (sport) *** Wheelchair rugby league ** Rugby union: 1 ...

tests, after

. Famous rugby clubs from the city include Club Atlético del Rosario – one of the four

UAR The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

founding clubs – and also Jockey Club de Rosario and

Duendes Rugby Club Duendes Rugby Club is an Argentine rugby union and field hockey club sited in Rosario, Santa Fe. The rugby team currently plays at Torneo del Litoral, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Rosario (URR) league system. History Duendes Rug ...

, both former winners of the

Nacional de Clubes The Torneo Nacional de Clubes is a club rugby union competition in Argentina, organised by the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The Nacional de Clubes is the main club competition in Argentine rugby, being contested by a total of 16 teams, 8 from Bue ...

title. The city hosted the

2010 IRB Junior World Championship The 2010 IRB Junior World Championship was the third annual international rugby union competition for Under 20 national teams, this competition replaced the now defunct under 19 and under 21 world championships. The event was organised by rugby's ...

. The

2010 Women's Hockey World Cup The 2010 Women's Hockey World Cup was the 12th edition of the Women's Hockey World Cup field hockey tournament. It was held from 29 August to 11 September 2010 in Rosario, Argentina. Argentina won the tournament for the second time after defeat ...

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...

and

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

Champions Trophy and the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Final were played there. In 2014 the city hosted the Inline speed skating World Championship at

and in 2015 it hosted the men's, women's and juniors' FIRS Inline Hockey World Championships at

Club Atlético Provincial Club Atlético Provincial, also known as Provincial de Rosario, is an Argentine sports club located in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe. A wide range of sports are currently hosted by Provincial, such as athletics, basketball, boxing, field Hockey, g ...

's indoor arena. Rosario hosted the

2017 World Archery Youth Championships The 2017 World Archery Youth Championships was the 15th edition of World Youth Archery Championships. The event was held in Rosario, Argentina 2-8 October 2017, and was organised by World Archery. Junior events were held for those under 20, and Cad ...

, and will host the

2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup The 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup (Spanish: Copa del Mundo de Baloncesto FIBA Sub-17 2018) was the 5th edition of the FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U1 ...

, and the

2019 South American Beach Games The 2019 South American Beach Games (Spanish:''Juegos Suramericanos de Playa''), officially the IV South American Beach Games, was an international multi-sport event held in Rosario, Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Repu ...

Motorsports

The city was the starting point for the

2014 Dakar Rally The 2014 Dakar Rally was the 36th running of the event and the sixth successive year that the event was held in South America. The event started in Rosario, Argentina on January 5 and finished in Valparaíso, Chile on January 18 after 13 stages of ...

, as well as the finishing point in

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

. It also hosted the

2015 World RX of Argentina The 2015 World RX of Argentina was the final round of the second season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Autódromo Municipal Juan Manuel Fangio in Rosario, Santa Fe, over one day following the declaration ...

Events

* ''

Festival Latinoamericano de Video Rosario The ''Festival Latinoamericano de Video Rosario'' ("Rosario Latin American Video Festival") is a cultural event celebrated annually, since 1994, in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The festival is organized jointly by the municipal gover ...

'' (Rosario Latin American Video Festival). Annual event (September), starting in 1994. * ''

Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario The ''Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario'' ("International Meeting of Wood-Stone-Iron Sculpture in Rosario") is an artistic event celebrated every year, since 1993, in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. ...

'' (International Meeting of Wood-Stone-Iron Sculpture in Rosario). Annual event (September/October), since 1993. * ''

Encuentro y Fiesta Nacional de Colectividades The Communities Meeting and National Celebration (in Spanish, ''Encuentro y Fiesta Nacional de Colectividades'') is a cultural event celebrated annually in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina, since 1985. This event showcases the diversity ...

'' (Communities Meeting and National Celebration). Annual event, starting in 1985, showcasing music, song, dance, cuisine and customs of foreign communities in Argentina, in the ample room provided by the ''Parque Nacional a la Bandera'' (National Flag Park). Usually held in November; in 2004 it was postponed to the beginning of December in order to avoid overlap with the

Third International Congress of the Spanish Language The Third International Congress of the Spanish Language (''Tercer Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española'') was a cultural event that took place in Rosario, Argentina, on November 17-19, 2004. The main topics of the Congress were three: i ...

. * '' Festival Internacional de Poesía de Rosario'' (International Poetry Festival). Annual event since 1993 (November). * ''Festival Iberoamericano de Cine de Rosario'' (Ibero-American Film Festival). Annual event since 2003 (November). * '' Leyendas'' ("Legends"). A cartoon, role-playing and science fiction convention. Annually since 1999, usually in autumn (April/May), sometimes in spring (November).

Geography

Departamento Rosario (Santa Fe - Argentina)

The city of Rosario measures , not all of them are fully urbanized. Its extreme points are: *

Latitude In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north– south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from –90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pol ...

parallel Parallel is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Computing * Parallel algorithm * Parallel computing * Parallel metaheuristic * Parallel (software), a UNIX utility for running programs in parallel * Parallel Sysplex, a cluster of IBM ...

s 32°52′18″ and 33°02′22″ South. *

Longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter l ...

meridian Meridian or a meridian line (from Latin ''meridies'' via Old French ''meridiane'', meaning “midday”) may refer to Science * Meridian (astronomy), imaginary circle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the celestial equator and horizon * ...

s 60°36′44″ and 60°47′46″ West. The geographical center is approximately at The city is located on a smoothly undulated plain typical of the

Pampa The Pampas (from the qu, pampa, meaning "plain") are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil ...

s, between 22.5 and 24.6 metres

above mean sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

; the original settlement rests on the ravine on the right-hand shore of the Paraná, opposite a group of islands of the Paraná Delta which are partly in the jurisdiction of the province of Entre Ríos. The nearest city across the river's

flood plain A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.Goudi ...

(60 km) is

Victoria, Entre Ríos Victoria is a city located in the southwestern part of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. It is located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite Rosario, Santa Fe, to which it has been connected since 2003 by the Rosario-Victor ...

, linked to Rosario by the

. Rosario lies on the ravine of the right-hand shore of the Paraná, about

, in a place with a natural slope to the low shore. The point of origin of the city is '' Plaza 25 de Mayo'' (" May 25 Square"), now surrounded by the municipality (''

''), the

Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary The Cathedral Basilica Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary is a minor basilica and cathedral dedicated to the local Virgin of the Rosary, in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Rosari ...

, the Central Post Office, the Decorative Art Museum and a building called ''La Bola de Nieve'' ("The Snowball"). Between the Cathedral and the municipal building is ''Pasaje Juramento'' ("Oath Passage"), leading to the Flag Memorial. The streets mostly follow a regular

checkerboard A checkerboard (American English) or chequerboard (British English; see spelling differences) is a board of checkered pattern on which checkers (also known as English draughts) is played. Most commonly, it consists of 64 squares (8×8) of altern ...

pattern.

Climate

The Rosario area has a '' Pampean'',

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...

(Köppen climate classification: Cfa/Cwa), and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. The city has average temperatures of maximum and minimum. The annual rainfall is . Rosario is usually warmer than other mainland Argentine capital cities in the winter. The lowest average in winter is . This is due in part to the city's flat topography, its situation on the Paraná River bank, and the presence of high density of urbanization. Those conditions have created a microclimate known as

urban heat island An urban heat island (UHI) is an urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparen ...

that often means that the city is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day and larger in winter than in summer, and is most apparent when winds are weak. However, snowfalls are extremely rare: the most recent occurrence of sleet in the CBD was on 9 July 2007. During the spring, Rosario commonly enjoys extended periods of warm weather and clear skies. On average, Rosario has average day-night temperatures of . The city experiences hot and humid summer days, with maximum temperatures above , when northerly winds blow humid air from Brazil. The record high temperature is on January 9, 2006, while the record low is on July 15, 2020.

Broadcasting and communications

Rosario has two private local

television channel A television channel is a terrestrial frequency or virtual number over which a television station or television network is distributed. For example, in North America, "channel 2" refers to the terrestrial or cable band of 54 to 60 MHz, with ...

s, Canal 3 and Canal 5 (the latter is part of the national network

Telefé Telefe (acronym for Televisión Federal) is a television station located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The station is owned and operated by Paramount Global through Televisión Federal S.A. Telefe is also one of Argentina's six national television ...

), and a relay station for the public national station,

Canal 7 Argentina Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow und ...

. There are also three cable TV networks (the national ones Cablevisión and Multicanal, and a local network, Cablehogar), which support two local channels, Canal 4 Noticias and Canal 6. There are four AM radio stations: three private (licensed by the state) ones, LT3 Radio 2 (LT2), and LT8, and one public, Radio Nacional Rosario, property of the national state. Among the multitude (above 200) of FM stations, some notable ones are FM Vida, Estación del Siglo, FM Del Rosario, Cristal FM, Radio Hollywood, Fisherton-CNN, Continental Rosario, Radio 10 Rosario, Radiofónica, and Clásica Rosario. The city has three notable newspapers: ''

'' (Argentina's oldest newspaper, founded in 1867, and still published today), '' Rosario/12'' (founded in 1991), and ''El Ciudadano & La Región'' (founded in 1999). Rosario is located at the center of Argentina's

optical fiber An optical fiber, or optical fibre in Commonwealth English, is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to ...

ring. The main data transport companies offer all their services in the city, from public phones to mobile networks and

broadband Internet access Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web. Internet access is sold by Internet ...

through DSL,

cable modem A cable modem is a type of network bridge that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC), radio frequency over glass (RFoG) and coaxial cable infrastructure. Cable modems are primaril ...

and

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio wave ...

, and including public Internet navigation centers ( cybercafes). About 96% of homes have a domestic

telephone line A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit industrywide) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system. It is designed to reproduce speech of a quality that is understandable. It is the physical wire or ot ...

, giving a total of 472,170 lines; cell phone usage has also become pervasive, as happened in Argentina as a whole since the beginning of the 21st century, reaching over 86% of the residents (866,000 mobile lines in July 2004). This demand, boosted by low prices and sale promotions, and coupled with restrictions on the installation of antennas and alleged lack of investment by the providers, sometimes degrades the quality of the service. Most notably, the mobile network collapsed almost completely in the celebrations of

Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating Nativity of Jesus, the birth of Jesus, Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people Observance of Christmas by country, around t ...

New Year's Day New Year's Day is a festival observed in most of the world on 1 January, the first day of the year in the modern Gregorian calendar. 1 January is also New Year's Day on the Julian calendar, but this is not the same day as the Gregorian one. Wh ...

and Friend's Day in 2004 and 2005.

Notable people

Notable people from Rosario include the revolutionary

; artist

Lucio Fontana Lucio Fontana (; 19 February 1899 – 7 September 1968) was an Argentine-Italian painter, sculptor and theorist. He is mostly known as the founder of Spatialism. Early life Born in Rosario, to Italian immigrant parents, he was t ...

; football players

, Ángel Di María, Maximiliano Rodríguez,

Ángel Correa Ángel Martín Correa (; born 9 March 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and winger for La Liga club Atlético Madrid and the Argentina national team. Correa began his professional career at the age of 18 wi ...

Giovanni Lo Celso Giovani Lo Celso (born 9 April 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Villarreal, on loan from Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur, and the Argentina national team. Club career Rosario ...

, and Hugo Gutiérrez; football coaches César Luis Menotti, Marcelo Bielsa and

Gerardo Martino Gerardo Daniel "Tata" Martino (born 20 November 1962) is an Argentine professional football manager and former player. Martino played mostly for Newell's Old Boys in his native Rosario. He holds the record of appearances with the team playing a ...

; field hockey player Luciana Aymar; rugby union players

and

; actor/comedian

Alberto Olmedo Alberto Olmedo (24 August 1933 – 5 March 1988) was an Argentine comedian and actor, popularly regarded as one of the most important comedians in the history of his country, for his outstanding work in television, cinema and theater. Olmedo ...

and actress

Libertad Lamarque Libertad Lamarque Bouza (; 24 November 1908 – 12 December 2000) was a Mexican-Argentine actress and singer, one of the icons of the Golden Age of Argentine and Mexican cinema. She achieved fame throughout Latin America, and became known as " ...

; jazz composer

Gato Barbieri Leandro "Gato" Barbieri (November 28, 1932 – April 2, 2016) was an Argentine jazz tenor saxophonist who rose to fame during the free jazz movement in the 1960s and is known for his Latin jazz recordings of the 1970s. His nickname, Gato, is Spa ...

; cartoonist

Roberto Fontanarrosa Roberto Alfredo Fontanarrosa, known popularly as ''El Negro'' Fontanarrosa (November 26, 1944 in Rosario – July 19, 2007), was an Argentine cartoonist, comics artist and writer. During his extended career, Fontanarrosa became one of the most ...

; singer-songwriter Fito Páez; painter

Antonio Berni Delesio Antonio Berni (14 May 1905 – 13 October 1981) was an Argentine figurative artist. He is associated with the movement known as ''Nuevo Realismo'' ("New Realism"), an Argentine extension of social realism. His work, including a serie ...

; operatic tenor José Cura; writers

Angélica Gorodischer Angélica Gorodischer (28 July 1928 – 5 February 2022) was an Argentine writer who was known for her short stories, which belong to a wide variety of genres, including science-fiction, fantasy, crime and stories with a feminist perspective. ...

Yamile Saied Mendez Yamile (pronounced sha-MEE-lay) Saied Méndez is an Argentine American author of picture books, children's books, young adult books, and adult romance. She is a Pura Belpré gold medal winner for her young adult novel, '' Furia''. She is a found ...

, and

Patricio Pron Patricio Pron (born December 9, 1975) is an Argentine literary writer and critic translated into half a dozen languages including English, German, French and Italian. Granta magazine selected him in 2010 as one of the 22 best young writers in Casti ...

; film director

Felipe Martinez Carbonell Felipe Martinez Carbonell (October 21, 1990 - in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine film director, film producer, screenwriter and film editor best known for his work in the horror film genre. Early life Martinez Carbonell was born in ...

; mathematician, Jana Rodriguez Hertz, and model

Valeria Mazza Valeria Raquel Mazza (, ; born 17 February 1972) is an Argentine supermodel and businesswoman of Italian ancestry. Mazza rose to prominence in the 1990s and became a household name after appearing on the cover of the ''Sports Illustrated Swimsuit ...

. File:LibertadLamarque.jpg,

File:CheHigh.jpg,

File:NIG-ARG (5).jpg, Ángel Di María File:Lionel Messi 20180626.jpg,

File:Lucha Aymar.jpg, Luciana Aymar File:Marcelo Bielsa 2009-03-03.jpg, Marcelo Bielsa File:Valeria Mazza.jpg,

File:Stade toulousain vs Racing Metro 2012 1409.JPG,

File:Director de cine felipe martinez carbonell.jpg,

Twin towns – sister cities

Rosario is twinned with: *

Alessandria Alessandria (; pms, Lissandria ) is a city and ''comune'' in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. The city is sited on the alluvial plain between the Tanaro and the Bormida rivers, about east of Turin. Alessandria ...

, Italy *

Almaty Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to ...

, Kazakhstan *

, Paraguay *

Bilbao ) , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = 275 px , map_caption = Interactive map outlining Bilbao , pushpin_map = Spain Basque Country#Spain#Europe , pushpin_map_caption ...

, Spain *

Caracas Caracas (, ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the ...

, Venezuela * Cuenca, Ecuador *

Dakar Dakar ( ; ; wo, Ndakaaru) (from daqaar ''tamarind''), is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 3.94 million in 2 ...

, Senegal *

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, Israel *

Imperia Imperia (; lij, Inpêia or ) is a coastal city and ''comune'' in the Regions of Italy, region of Liguria, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Imperia, and historically it was capital of the ''Intemelia'' district of Liguria. Benito Muss ...

, Italy *

Kuwait City Kuwait City ( ar, مدينة الكويت) is the capital and largest city of Kuwait. Located at the heart of the country on the south shore of Kuwait Bay on the Persian Gulf, it is the political, cultural and economical centre of the emirate, ...

, Kuwait * Manizales, Colombia *

Medellín Medellín ( or ), officially the Municipality of Medellín ( es, Municipio de Medellín), is the second-largest city in Colombia, after Bogotá, and the capital of the department of Antioquia. It is located in the Aburrá Valley, a central re ...

, Colombia *

Monterrey Monterrey ( , ) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, Mexico, and the third largest city in Mexico behind Guadalajara and Mexico City. Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the city is anchor ...

, Mexico *

, Uruguay *

Piraeus Piraeus ( ; el, Πειραιάς ; grc, Πειραιεύς ) is a port city within the Athens urban area ("Greater Athens"), in the Attica region of Greece. It is located southwest of Athens' city centre, along the east coast of the Saronic ...

, Greece * Pisco, Peru *

Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...

, Brazil *

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...

, China * Santa Clara, Cuba *

Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz de la Sierra (; "Holy Cross of the Mountain Range"), commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the largest city in Bolivia and the capital of the Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia), Santa Cruz department. Situated on the Pirai River (Bolivia), P ...

, Bolivia * Santiago de Cuba, Cuba *

Santo Domingo , total_type = Total , population_density_km2 = auto , timezone = AST (UTC −4) , area_code_type = Area codes , area_code = 809, 829, 849 , postal_code_type = Postal codes , postal_code = 10100–10699 (Distrito Nacional) , websi ...

, Dominican Republic * St. Louis, United States *

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

, Italy *

Valparaíso Valparaíso (; ) is a major city, seaport, naval base, and educational centre in the commune of Valparaíso, Chile. "Greater Valparaíso" is the second largest metropolitan area in the country. Valparaíso is located about northwest of Santiago ...

, Chile

Cooperation agreements

Rosario also cooperates with: *

Viña del Mar Viña del Mar (; meaning "Vineyard of the Sea") is a city and commune on central Chile's Pacific coast. Often referred to as ("The Garden City"), Viña del Mar is located within the Valparaíso Region, and it is Chile's fourth largest city w ...

, Chile

References

External links

Municipality of Rosario
(official website) {{Authority control Rosario, Santa Fe, 1793 establishments in South America 1793 establishments in the Spanish Empire Cities in Argentina Paraná River Populated places established in 1793 Populated places in Santa Fe Province Port settlements in Argentina