The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50
calibers
In guns, particularly firearms, caliber (or calibre; sometimes abbreviated as "cal") is the specified nominal internal diameter of the gun barrel bore – regardless of how or where the bore is measured and whether the finished bore matc ...
but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as
coastal defense guns and later as an
anti-aircraft gun
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
, whether on improvised or specialized
HA/LA mounts.
Operational history
French service
The French Navy used two versions of the Hotchkiss 3-pounder: the short-barreled M1885 and the long-barreled M1902, which had a larger
muzzle velocity
Muzzle velocity is the speed of a projectile (bullet, pellet, slug, ball/shots or shell) with respect to the muzzle at the moment it leaves the end of a gun's barrel (i.e. the muzzle). Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately to i ...
than its predecessor.
The French L/40 M1885 and the British QF 3-pounder were largely the same gun. Like the British who paired their 3-pounders with the larger
QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
The Ordnance QF Hotchkiss 6 pounder gun Mk I and Mk II or QF 6 pounder 8 cwt were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1885 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were ma ...
the French often paired theirs with the
Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891
Canon or Canons may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base
* Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture
** Western can ...
sometimes called a 9-pounder in English publications. The 3-pounder was primarily used as anti-
torpedo boat
A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle. The first designs were steam-powered craft dedicated to ramming enemy ships with explosive spar torpedoes. Later evolutions launched variants of se ...
defense aboard
armored cruiser
The armored cruiser was a type of warship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was designed like other types of cruisers to operate as a long-range, independent warship, capable of defeating any ship apart from a battleship and fast eno ...
s,
destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort
larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in ...
s,
ironclads
An ironclad is a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates, constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s. The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shells. Th ...
,
pre-dreadnought
Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late- 1880s and 1905, before the launch of in 1906. The pre-dreadnought ships replaced the ironclad battleships of the 1870s and 1880s. Built from steel, prote ...
battleships,
protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of naval cruiser of the late-19th century, gained their description because an armoured deck offered protection for vital machine-spaces from fragments caused by shells exploding above them. Protected cruisers re ...
s and
submarines
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely o ...
. During World War I, the role of the guns changed from anti-torpedo boat defense to anti-aircraft defense and new high angle mounts were developed but were found to be ineffective.
The
''Liberté''-class and
''Danton''-class battleships mounted the gun, in addition to the cruisers
''Jules Michelet'',
''Ernest Renan'', and those of the
''Edgar Quinet''-class. It was used as the standard French shipboard anti-aircraft gun during World War I, being replaced by the
Canon de 75 mm modèle 1908.
After World War I the majority of 3-pounders in the anti-aircraft role were replaced with either the anti-aircraft version of the
Canon de 75 modèle 1897
The French 75 mm field gun was a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898. Its official French designation was: Matériel de 75mm Mle 1897. It was commonly known as the French 75, simply the 75 and Soixante-Quinze (Frenc ...
or the
Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924
The ''Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924'' was a French naval anti-aircraft gun designed after World War I. It served aboard battleships, cruisers and destroyers during World War II. In Polish service it was known as the 75 mm Armata przeciwlotni ...
.
French ships armed with the L/40 M1885 and L/50 M1902 include:
*
Amiral Charner-class cruiser
The ''Amiral Charner'' class was a group of four armoured cruisers built for the French Navy () during the 1890s. They were designed to be smaller and cheaper than the preceding design while also serving as commerce raiders in times of war. Thre ...
s
*
Amphitrite-class submarine
The ''Amphitrite class'' was a group of eight List of submarines of France, submarines built for the French Navy just before World War I and completed during the war.
Ships
See also
*List of submarines of France
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
...
s
*
Arquebuse-class destroyer
The ''Arquebuse'' class was a group of 20 destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Two ships were sunk during the First World War and the others were scrapped
Scrap consists of recyclable materials, usual ...
s
*
Bouvines-class coast defense ships
*
Branlebas-class destroyers
*
Bretagne-class battleship
The ''Bretagne''-class battleships were the first " super-dreadnoughts" built for the French Navy during the First World War. The class comprised three vessels: ''Bretagne'', the lead ship, ''Provence'', and ''Lorraine''. They were an improve ...
s
*
Charlemagne-class battleship
The ''Charlemagne'' class consisted of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the 1890s. The ships spent most of their careers assigned to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France), Mediterranean Squadron (''Escadre d ...
s
*
Claymore-class destroyers
*
Clorinde-class submarine
The ''Clorinde''-class submarines were built for the French Navy prior to World War I. There were two boats in this class, neither of them would be used during World War I, but they operated in the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel until they ...
s
*
Courbet-class battleship
The ''Courbet''-class battleships were the first dreadnoughts built for the French Navy. These were completed prior to WWI. The class comprised four ships: , , , and . All four ships were deployed to the Mediterranean Sea for the entirety of Wor ...
s
*
Danton-class battleships
*
D'Estrées-class cruisers
*
Dupleix-class cruisers
*
Dupuy de Lôme-class submarine
The ''Dupuy de Lôme class'' was a group of two submarines built for the French Navy during World War I.
Ships
See also
*List of submarines of France
The submarines of France include nuclear attack submarines and nuclear ballistic missile su ...
s
*
Durandal-class destroyer
The ''Durandal'' class was a group of four destroyers built for the French Navy between 1896 and 1900, used during the First World War. These vessels were France's first true destroyers rather than torpedo boats. Two units were launched in 1899 ...
s
*
Framee-class destroyers
*
Gloire-class cruisers
*
Gueydon-class cruisers
*
Gustave Zédé-class submarine
The ''Gustave Zédé class'' was a pair of List of submarines of France, submarines built for the French Navy just before World War I.
See also
*List of submarines of France
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gustave Zede class
Wo ...
s
*
Leon Gambetta-class cruisers
*
Liberte-class battleships
*
Marceau-class ironclads
*
Normandie-class battleship
The ''Normandie'' class consisted of five dreadnought battleships ordered for the French Navy in 1912–1913. It comprised ''Normandie'', the lead ship, ''Flandre'', ''Gascogne'', ''Languedoc'', and . The design incorporated a radical arrangemen ...
s
*
O'Byrne-class submarine
The ''O'Byrne''-class submarines were a class of three submarines built for the French Navy from 1917 to 1921. They were originally ordered by the Romanian Navy, but were confiscated by the French government while still under construction. Three sh ...
s
*
Pertuisane-class destroyer
The ''Pertuisane'' class (sometimes referred to as the Rochefortais class as they were all built in Rochefort) was a group of four destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. They survived the First World War
...
s
*
Republique-class battleships
*
French ironclad Amiral Baudin
*
French battleship Brennus
*
French battleship Carnot
''Carnot'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy. She was laid down in July 1891, launched in July 1894, and completed in July 1897. She was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships, along with ''Charles Martel'', ...
*
French battleship Charles Martel
''Charles Martel'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built in the 1890s. Completed in 1897, she was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships ordered as part of the French response to a major British naval cons ...
*
Australian service
A 3-pounder Hotchkiss was used on an improvised mounting in a
battle
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
that resulted in Australia's first prisoners of World War 2 being captured near
Berbera
Berbera (; so, Barbara, ar, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa. It ...
in 1940. The guns are now used in a Three Pound Saluting Gun Battery at the
Garden Island Naval Base.
Austro-Hungarian service
The
Austro-Hungarian Navy
The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the A ...
used two versions of the Hotchkiss 3-pounder. The first was the short SFK L/33 H of 1890 produced under license by Skoda. The second was the long SFK L/44 S of 1897 produced under license by Skoda. These two guns were the primary rapid fire anti-torpedo boat guns of many ships built or refitted between 1890 and 1918. On 16 August 1914 at the
Battle of Antivari
The Battle of Antivari or Action off Antivari was a naval engagement between a large fleet of French and British warships and two ships of the Austro-Hungarian navy at the start of the First World War. The old Austrian protected cruiser and the ...
, the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser
SMS Zenta
SMS ''Zenta'' was the lead ship of the of protected cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1890s. The class included two other vessels, and . The ''Zenta''s were intended to serve as fleet scouts and to guard the battleships ...
was sunk by a combined Anglo-French force. Both sides in the battle were armed with Hotchkiss guns.
Austro-Hungarian ships armed with the L/33 and L/44 include:
*
Erzherzog Karl-class battleship
The ''Erzherzog Karl'' class was a class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built before World War I. All of the battleships of the ''Erzherzog Karl''-class were built in the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino shipyards in ...
s
*
Habsburg-class battleship
The ''Habsburg'' class was a group of pre-dreadnought battleships built by Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 20th century. They were the first sea-going battleship built by Austria-Hungary since the central battery ship in 1876. The class was c ...
s
*
Huszár-class destroyer
The ''Huszár'' class was a class of destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy before the First World War. They were built to a design by the British shipbuilder Yarrow Shipbuilders, who built the first ship, with a further 11 ships being bui ...
s
*
Kaiman-class torpedo boat
The ''Kaiman'' class were high-seas torpedo boats built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy between 1904 and 1910. A total of 24 boats were built by three shipbuilding companies. Yarrow Shipbuilders built the lead ship, Stabilimento Tecnico Triestin ...
s
*
Kaiser Franz Joseph I-class cruiser
The ''Kaiser Franz Joseph I'' class (sometimes called the ''Kaiser Franz Josef I'' class) was a ship class, class of two protected cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Named for Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I, the class compri ...
s
*
Monarch-class coastal defense ship
The ''Monarch'' class was a class of three coastal defense ship
Coastal defence ships (sometimes called coastal battleships or coast defence ships) were warships built for the purpose of coastal defence, mostly during the period from 1860 ...
s
*
Panther-class cruiser
The ''Panther''-class was a group of two torpedo cruisers, and , built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1880s. The ships' primary armament was their four torpedo tubes, though they also carried a battery of medium and light-caliber guns. T ...
s
*
Radetzky-class battleship
The ''Radetzky'' class was a group of three semi-dreadnought battleships built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy between 1907 and 1910. All ships were built by the STT shipyard in Trieste. They were the last pre-dreadnoughts built by the Austro-Hu ...
s
*
U-10-class submarine
The ''U-10'' class was a class of five submarines or U-boats of the Austro-Hungarian Navy (german: Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine or ) during World War I. The class was similar to the German Type UB I submarine of the German Imperial Na ...
s
*
SMS Boa
*
SMS Kaiser Karl VI
*
SMS Kaiserin und Königin Maria Theresia
*
SMS Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf
SMS ''Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf'' was a unique ironclad warship built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1880s, the fleet's last vessel of that type. The ship was keel laying, laid down in January 1884, ship launching, launched in July 1887, ...
*
SMS Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie
SMS ''Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie'' was an ironclad warship built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1880s, the last vessel of that type to be built for Austria-Hungary. The ship, named for Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, Archduchess ...
*
SMS Sankt Georg
*
Zenta-class cruiser
The ''Zenta'' class was a group of three protected cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1890s.
Design
In January 1895, the senior officers of the Austro-Hungarian Navy decided to build two types of modern cruisers: large arm ...
s
Chinese service
China adopted the Hotchkiss 3-pounder in the 1880s, to arm its cruisers and smaller auxiliaries; the
Hai Yung-class cruisers of the
Imperial Chinese Navy
The Imperial Chinese Navy was the modern navy of the Qing dynasty of China established in 1875. An Imperial naval force in China first came into existence from 1132 during the Song dynasty and existed in some form until the end of the Qing dynasty ...
built by
AG Vulcan Stettin
Aktien-Gesellschaft Vulcan Stettin (short AG Vulcan Stettin) was a German shipbuilding and locomotive building company. Founded in 1851, it was located near the former eastern German city of Stettin, today Polish Szczecin. Because of the limited ...
were armed with
Nordenfelt
The Nordenfelt gun was a multiple-barrel organ gun that had a row of up to twelve barrels. It was fired by pulling a lever back and forth and ammunition was gravity fed through chutes for each barrel. It was produced in a number of different ...
3-pounder guns firing the same ammunition. During the
First Sino-Japanese war
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a conflict between China and Japan primarily over influence in Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the po ...
, ships of both sides were armed with Hotchkiss 3-pounder guns.
Chinese ships armed with 3-pounder guns include:
*
Chao Ho-class cruiser
The ''Chao Ho'' class () was a ship class, class of protected cruisers built for the Qing Dynasty from 1910–1913. The class would later serve the Republic of China Navy and the Hellenic Navy, Royal Hellenic Navy through the National Protecti ...
s
*
Yongfeng-class coastal defense ships
*
Zhiyuen-class cruisers
*
Chinese cruiser Hai Chi
''Hai Chi'' () was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was at the time the largest warship in Imperial China with a displacement of 4,300 tons and was armed with two guns and a top speed of . She subsequently served in the Repu ...
*
Chinese cruiser Jingyuan
*
Chinese cruiser Laiyuan
Italian service
Italy adopted the Hotchkiss 3-pounder in the 1880s to arm its
armored cruisers
The armored cruiser was a type of warship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was designed like other types of cruisers to operate as a long-range, independent warship, capable of defeating any ship apart from a battleship and fast eno ...
,
battleships
A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ...
, protected cruisers, torpedo boats and
torpedo cruiser
A torpedo cruiser is a type of warship that is armed primarily with torpedoes. The major navies began building torpedo cruisers shortly after the invention of the locomotive Whitehead torpedo in the 1860s. The development of the torpedo gave rise ...
s. Ships on both sides of the
Italo-Turkish war
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result o ...
were armed with 3-pounder guns. The Italians carried Hotchkiss and Vickers guns, while the
Ottoman Navy carried Nordenfelt guns.
Italian ships armed with 3-pounder guns include:
*
Folgore-class cruisers
*
Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruiser
The ''Giuseppe Garibaldi''-class cruisers were a class of ten armoured cruisers built in Italy in the 1890s and the first decade of the 20th century. The ships were built for both the Royal Italian Navy (''Regia Marina'') and for export. With th ...
s
*
Pegaso-class torpedo boat
The ''Pegaso'' class was a class of 18 Italian sea-going steam-powered torpedo boats built between 1904 and 1909. They served in the Italo-Turkish War and the First World War, when one was sunk, and continued in use until the 1920s.
Design
In 1904 ...
s
*
Regina Elena-class battleship
The ''Regina Elena'' class was a group of four pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Italian Regia Marina between 1901 and 1908. The class comprised four ships: , the lead ship, , , and . Designed by Vittorio Cuniberti, they were armed with ...
s
*
Regina Margherita-class battleship
The ''Regina Margherita'' class was a class of two battleships built for the Italian ''Regia Marina'' between 1898 and 1905. The class comprised two ships: and . The ships were designed by the latter's namesake, Benedetto Brin, who died before ...
s
*
Italian cruiser Tripoli
''Tripoli'' was the first modern torpedo cruiser built for the Italian '' Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy). She was built by the Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia shipyard in 1885–86. The only vessel of her class, she provided the basi ...
Japanese service
Japan adopted the Hotchkiss 3-pounder 5-barrel
revolver cannon
A revolver cannon is a type of autocannon, commonly used as an aircraft gun. It uses a cylinder with multiple chambers, like those of a revolver handgun, to speed up the loading-firing-ejection cycle. Some examples are also power-driven, to fur ...
in the 1880s and later adopted the simpler single-barrel quick-firing weapon. The Japanese versions of the 3-pounder were known as ''Yamanouchi'' guns and were largely identical to their British equivalents. The Japanese also had a related 30 caliber 2½-pounder gun from Elswick, the Yamanouchi Mk I. During the
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
, ships of both sides were armed with Hotchkiss 3-pounder guns. The Japanese found them to be ineffective and removed them after the war.
Japanese ships armed with 3-pounder guns include:
*
Asama-class cruiser
The were a pair of armored cruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1890s. As Japan lacked the industrial capacity to build such warships herself, the ships were built in Britain. They were part of the "Six-Six Fleet" e ...
s
*
Fuji-class battleship
The was a two-ship class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the mid-1890s. They were the first battleships in the IJN, and were constructed in the UK as Japan lacked the industrial facilities needed t ...
s
*
Kasagi-class cruiser
The was a class of two protected cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy built in the United States at the end of the 19th century.
Background
The ''Kasagi''-class cruisers were ordered under the 1896 Emergency Fleet Replenishment Budget, funde ...
s
*
Kasuga-class cruisers
*
Katori-class battleships
*
Kongō-class ironclads
*
Matsushima-class cruisers
*
Niitaka-class cruiser
The two were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. Both participated in numerous actions during the Russo-Japanese War and in World War I.
Background
The ''Niitaka'' class was the second cruiser class built to a completely ...
s
*
Shikishima-class battleship
The was a two-ship class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. As Japan lacked the industrial capacity to build such warships herself, they were designed and built in the UK. The ships partici ...
s
*
Suma-class cruiser
The two were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. While more lightly armed and armored than many of its contemporaries, their small size and relatively simple design facilitated their construction and their relatively high ...
s
*
Tsukuba-class cruiser
The were a pair of large armored cruisers (''Sōkō jun'yōkan'') built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century. Construction began during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and their design was influence ...
s
*
Japanese battleship Asahi
was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1890s. As Japan lacked the industrial capacity to build such warships itself, the ship was designed and built in the United Kingdom. Shortly after her ar ...
*
Japanese battleship Mikasa
is a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1890s. Named after Mount Mikasa in Nara, Japan, the ship served as the flagship of Vice Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō throughout the Russo-Japanese War of ...
*
Japanese cruiser Akitsushima
was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), designed and built by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in Japan. The name ''Akitsushima'' comes from an archaic name for Japan, as used in the ancient chronicle ''Kojiki''.
Background
''Ak ...
*
Japanese cruiser Azuma
*
Japanese cruiser Chihaya
was an unprotected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The name ''Chihaya'' comes from Chihaya Castle, near Osaka, the site of one of the battles of the Genkō War of 1333.
Background
''Chihaya'' was based on previous designs for dispatch ve ...
*
Japanese cruiser Chiyoda
was a cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which served in the First Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War and World War I.
Background
''Chiyoda'' was ordered by the Meiji government as a replacement for the ill-fated , and paid for with i ...
*
Japanese cruiser Miyako
was an unprotected cruiser of the early Imperial Japanese Navy. pages 94-95 The name ''Miyako'' comes from the Miyako Islands, one of the three island groups making up current Okinawa prefecture. ''Miyako'' was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy ...
*
Japanese cruiser Soya
was a protected cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, acquired as a prize of war during the Russo-Japanese War from the Imperial Russian Navy, where it had been known as .
Background
''Varyag'' was built in the United States by William Cramp & ...
*
Japanese cruiser Takasago
was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Armstrong Whitworth shipyards in Elswick, in the United Kingdom. The name ''Takasago'' derives from a location in Hyōgo Prefecture, near Kobe.
Background
' ...
*
Japanese cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
was an unprotected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The name ''Tatsuta'' comes from the Tatsuta River, near Nara. ''Tatsuta'' was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy primarily as an aviso (dispatch boat) used for scouting, reconnaissance ...
*
Japanese cruiser Yaeyama
was an unprotected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The name ''Yaeyama'' comes from the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost of the three island groups making up current Okinawa prefecture. ''Yaeyama'' was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy p ...
*
Japanese cruiser Yakumo
was an armored cruiser (''Sōkō jun'yōkan'') built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1890s. As Japan lacked the industrial capacity to build such warships herself, the ship was built in Germany. She participated in most of the n ...
*
Japanese cruiser Yoshino
was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ''Yoshino'' is sometimes regarded as a sister ship to , although the two vessels are of different classes. The name ''Yoshino'' comes from the Yoshino mountains, located in the southern p ...
*
Japanese gunboat Oshima
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspor ...
*
Japanese ironclad Fusō
was a central-battery ironclad built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the 1870s. She was built in the United Kingdom because such ships could not yet be constructed in Japan. The ship participated in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 ...
*
Japanese submarine tender Karasaki
Polish service
Polish Hotchkiss guns named the wz.1885 gun, were used on first ships of the Polish Navy, received after World War I, like ex-German torpedo boats and minesweepers. By the time of World War II most had been replaced on naval ships but several stored guns were used in combat on improvised stationary mounts by
Land Coastal Defence Land Coastal Defence (or Land Coastal Command, pl, Lądowa Obrona Wybrzeża, abbr. LOW), commanded by Colonel Stanisław Dąbek (land forces), was an important unit tasked with the defence of Poland's Baltic Sea coast during the 1939 invasion of Po ...
units in the
Battle of Kępa Oksywska
The Battle of Kępa Oksywska took place in the Oksywie Heights outside the Polish city of Gdynia between 10 and 19 September 1939. The battle, fought by the Polish Army and the German Wehrmacht, was part of the Polish September Campaign duri ...
in September 1939.
Romanian service
The
Romanian Navy
The Romanian Navy ( ro, Forțele Navale Române) is the navy branch of the Romanian Armed Forces; it operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube. It traces its history back to 1860.
History
The Romanian Navy was founded in 1860 as a river flot ...
used the Škoda-produced version of the gun. The gun was used as secondary and later tertiary armament on the Romanian monitors of the ''
Mihail Kogălniceanu
Mihail Kogălniceanu (; also known as Mihail Cogâlniceanu, Michel de Kogalnitchan; September 6, 1817 – July 1, 1891) was a Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania on October 11, 1863, ...
'' class. It also served as the main armament of the ''Căpitan Nicolae Lascăr Bogdan'' class of armored multi-purpose boats, each of the 8 boats carrying one gun.
Russian service
Russia adopted the Hotchkiss 3-pounder 5-barrel revolver cannon in the 1880s, and later adopted the less complicated single-barrel 43 caliber quick-firing weapon. The 5-barrel guns were equipped on the
Ekaterina II-class battleship
The ''Ekaterina II'' class were a class of four battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1880s. They were the first battleships built for the Black Sea Fleet. Their design was highly unusual in having the main guns on three barbett ...
s commissioned in 1889 but by 1892 the battleship
''Dvenadsat Apostolov'' and her successors had single-barrel weapons. In 1888 licensed production of a Russian variant started at the
Obukhov State Plant
Obukhov State Plant (also known Obukhovski Plant, russian: Государственный Обуховский Завод, Gosudarstvennyy Obukhovskiy Zavod) is a major Russian metallurgy and heavy machine-building plant in St. Petersburg, Russi ...
. During the Russo-Japanese War, ships of both sides were armed with Hotchkiss 3-pounders, which were found to be ineffective against Japanese torpedo boats and were removed from first-line warships after the war. The
''Evstafi'' class, commissioned in 1910 ceased carrying the weapon but they were later fitted to patrol vessels and river craft during
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and at least 62 weapons were converted to
anti-aircraft
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
guns by 1917.
Russian ships armed with 3-pounder guns include:
*
Admiral Ushakov-class coastal defense ship
The ''Admiral Ushakov'' class were coastal defense battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s to counter armored ships of the Swedish Navy. All three ships were stationed in the Baltic Sea when the Russo-Japanese war began and ...
s
*
Amur-class minelayers
*
Bayan-class cruiser
The ''Bayan'' class was a group of four armored cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy around the beginning of the 20th century. Two of the ships were built in France, as Russian shipyards had no spare capacity. The lead ship, , was built se ...
s
*
Bogatyr-class cruiser
The ''Bogatyr'' class were a group of protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. Unusually for the Russian navy, two ships of the class were built for the Baltic Fleet and two ships for the Black Sea Fleet.
Description
After the c ...
s
*
Borodino-class battleship
The ''Borodino''-class battleships were a group of five pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy around the end of the 19th century. Their design was based on that of the French-built modified to use Russian equipment. T ...
s
*
Derzky-class destroyer
The ''Derzky'' or ''Bespokoiny''-class destroyers was a class of destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy just before World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest g ...
s
*
Izumrud-class cruiser
The ''Izumrud'' class were a group of two protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy.
The two ships ''Izumrud'' ("emerald") and ''Zhemchug'' ("pearl"), were copies of newly designed cruiser, , that was built at the Schichau yard in Da ...
s
*
Peresvet-class battleship
The ''Peresvet'' class was a group of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy around the end of the 19th century. and were transferred to the Pacific Squadron upon completion and based at Port Arthur from 1901 a ...
s
*
Petropavlovsk-class battleship
The ''Petropavlovsk'' class, sometimes referred to as the ''Poltava'' class, was a group of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s. They were transferred to the Pacific Squadron shortly after thei ...
s
*
Russian battleship Navarin
''Navarin'' (russian: Наварин) was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1880s and early 1890s. The ship was assigned to the Baltic Fleet and spent the early part of her career deployed in the Medi ...
*
Russian battleship Potemkin
The Russian battleship ''Potemkin'' (russian: Князь Потёмкин Таврический, translit=''Kniaz Potyomkin Tavricheskiy'', links=no, "Prince Potemkin of Taurida") was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russ ...
*
Russian battleship Retvizan
*
Russian battleship Rostislav
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
*
Russian battleship Sissoi Veliky
*
Russian battleship Tri Sviatitelia
*
Russian battleship Tsesarevich
''Tsesarevich'' (russian: Цесаревич) was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy, built in France at the end of the 19th century. The ship's design formed the basis of the Russian-built s. She was based at Port Arthur, ...
*
Russian cruiser ''Admiral Kornilov''
*
Russian cruiser Admiral Nakhimov (1885)
''Admiral Nakhimov'' (russian: italic=yes, Адмирал Нахимов), was an armoured cruiser in the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War. She was named after Admiral Pavel Nakhimov.
Construction
''Admiral Nakhimov'' was ord ...
*
Russian cruiser Almaz }
''Almaz'' (russian: Алмаз; literally "Diamond") was a 2nd-class cruiser in the Imperial Russian Navy, built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, Russia, as a yacht for Viceroy Yevgeni Alekseyev,
Construction
''Almaz'' had her first ...
*
Russian cruiser Askold
''Askold'' (russian: Аскольд) was a protected cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was named after the legendary Varangian Askold. Her thin, narrow hull and maximum speed of were considered impressive for the time.
''Askold ...
*
Russian cruiser Boyarin
*
Russian cruiser Gromoboi
}
''Gromoboi'' (russian: Громобой, meaning: "Thunderer") was an armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1890s. She was designed as a long-range commerce raider and served as such during the Russo-Japanese War o ...
*
Russian cruiser Pamiat Azova
''Pamiat Azova'' (russian: Память Азовa) was a unique armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1880s. She was decommissioned from front line service in 1909, converted into a depot ship and sunk by British torped ...
*
Russian cruiser Rossia
}
''Rossia'' (russian: Россия) was an armored cruiser of the Imperial Russian Navy built in the 1890s. She was designed as a long-range commerce raider and served as such during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. She was based in Vladivo ...
*
Russian cruiser Rurik (1892)
''Rurik'' (russian: Рюрик) was an armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the early 1890s. She was named in honour of Rurik, the semi-legendary founder of ancient Russia. She was sunk at the Battle of Ulsan in the Russo-Japa ...
*
Russian cruiser Rurik (1906)
''Rurik'' was the last armored cruiser to be built for the Imperial Russian Navy. The ship was designed by the British firm Vickers and built in their shipyard, being laid down in 1905 and completed in 1908. She was armed with a main battery ...
*
Russian cruiser Svetlana
*
Russian cruiser Varyag
*
Russian cruiser Vladimir Monomakh
''Vladimir Monomakh'' (russian: Владимир Мономах) was an armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1880s. The vessel was named after Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev. She spent most of her career i ...
*
Russian yacht Standart
The ''Standart'' was an Imperial Russian yacht serving Emperor Nicholas II and his family, being in her time (late 19th/early 20th century) the largest Imperial Yacht afloat. After the Russian Revolution the ship was placed in drydock until 1936 ...
United Kingdom service
In 1886 this gun was the first of the modern
Quick-firing (QF) artillery to be adopted by the
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
as the built under licence by the
Elswick Ordnance Company
The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC") was a British armaments manufacturing company of the late 19th and early 20th century
History
Originally created in 1859 to separate William A ...
.
By the middle of World War I the Hotchkiss gun was obsolescent and was gradually replaced by the more powerful
Ordnance QF 3 pounder Vickers
The Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers (47 mm / L50) was a British artillery piece first tested in Britain in 1903. It was used on Royal Navy warships. It was more powerful than and unrelated to the older QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss, with a propella ...
gun. Of the 2,950 produced it is estimated that 1,948 were still available in 1939 for RN use. The availability, simplicity and light weight of the gun kept it in use in small vessels and many were later brought back into service on merchant vessels used for auxiliary duties in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
or as
saluting gun
A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations. Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides, Boy Sco ...
s and sub-calibre guns for gunnery practice until the 1950s. Early in WWII, it was also pressed into service in ports around the British Empire, to defend against possible incursions by motor torpedo boats, until the modern
QF 6 pounder 10 cwt gun
The British QF (quick-firing) 6-pounder 10 cwt gun"6 pounder" refers to the approximate weight of projectiles, which was a traditional British way of denoting small guns. "10 cwt" referred to the approximate weight of the gun and breech in cwt (h ...
became available. Two, brought from Gibraltar in the late 1990s, are still in use on Victory Green in the Falkland Islands for saluting purposes.
Royal Navy ships armed with QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns included:
*
Admiral-class ironclad
The British Royal Navy's ironclad Admiral-class battleships of the 1880s followed the pattern of the in having the main armament on centreline mounts fore and aft of the superstructure. This pattern was followed by most following British de ...
s
*
Adventure-class cruiser
The ''Adventure''-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent about half of the first decade of their careers in reserve and were based in home waters wh ...
s
*
Alert-class sloop
The ''Alert'' class was a two-ship class of 6-gun screw steel sloops built for the Royal Navy in 1894.
Design
''Alert'' and ''Torch'' were constructed of steel to a design by William White, the Royal Navy Director of Naval Construction. They ...
s
*
Arrogant-class cruiser
The ''Arrogant''-class cruiser was a class of four protected cruisers built for the British Royal Navy at the end of the 1890s. One ship, , was lost following a collision with a merchant ship in 1908, while saw active service in the First Worl ...
s
*
Astraea-class cruiser
The ''Astraea'' class was an eight ship class of protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the 1890s. The ships served on a number of foreign stations during their careers, particularly in the waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, an ...
s
*
Blake-class cruiser
The ''Blake'' class was a two-ship class of first-class protected cruiser built around 1890 for the Royal Navy.
Design
The ''Blake'' class were designed under the supervision of William White, shortly after he had become Director of Naval ...
s
*
Bramble-class gunboats
*
C-class cruiser
The C class was a group of twenty-eight light cruisers of the Royal Navy, and were built in a sequence of seven groups known as the ''Caroline'' class (six ships), the ''Calliope'' class (two ships), the ''Cambrian'' class (four ships), the ' ...
s
*
Cadmus-class sloop
The ''Cadmus'' class was a six-ship class of 10-gun screw steel sloops built at Sheerness Dockyard for the Royal Navy between 1900 and 1903. This was the last class of the Victorian Navy's multitude of sloops, gunvessels and gunboats to be constr ...
s
*
Canopus-class battleship
The ''Canopus'' class was a group of six pre-dreadnought battleships of the British Royal Navy built in the late 1890s. The ships were designed by the Director of Naval Construction, William White, for use on the China Station. The class com ...
s
*
Centurion-class battleship
The ''Centurion''-class battleships were a pair of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. They were rated as second-class battleships because they were less heavily armed and armoured than the first-class battleshi ...
s
*
Challenger-class cruiser
The ''Challenger''-class cruisers were a pair of second-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. One ship, , was later transferred to the Royal Australian Navy.
Design and description
The ''Chal ...
s
*
Colossus-class battleships
*
Condor-class sloop
The ''Condor'' class was a six-ship class of 10-gun screw steel sloops built for the Royal Navy between 1898 and 1900. ''Condor'' foundered in a gale, prompting the Royal Navy to abandon sailing rigs for its ships; all the others in the class s ...
s
*
Conqueror-class monitor
The ''Conqueror'' class battleships were ironclad warships which served in the Victorian Royal Navy, and whose main weapon was designed to be the ram.
Description
The class consisted of two ships, and . At the time of their inception and desig ...
s
*
Cressy-class cruiser
The ''Cressy''-class cruiser was a class of six armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy around 1900. Their design’s incorporation of a pair of 9.2-inch guns and armoured sides served to address criticism directed against the previous ...
s
*
Cyclops-class monitors
*
Devastation-class ironclad
The two United Kingdom, British ''Devastation''-class battleships of the 1870s, and , were the first class of ocean-going capital ship that did not carry sails, and the first which mounted the entire main armament on top of the hull rather than ...
s
*
Devonshire-class cruisers
*
Diadem-class cruiser
The ''Diadem''-class cruiser was a class of "first class" protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the 1890s that served in the First World War. The class consisted of eight ships, built at a cost of around £600,000 each.
They were co ...
s
*
Drake-class cruiser
The ''Drake'' class was a four-ship class of armoured cruisers built around 1900 for the Royal Navy.
Design and description
The ''Drake'' class were enlarged and improved versions of the designed by Sir William White, Chief Constructor of th ...
s
*
Duncan-class battleship
The ''Duncan'' class was a class of six pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the early 1900s. The six ships—, , , , , and —were ordered in response to Russian naval building, specifically the fast second-class battleship ...
s
*
Eclipse-class cruiser
The ''Eclipse''-class cruisers were a ship class, class of nine second-class protected cruisers constructed for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s.
Design and description
These ships were enlarged and improved versions of the preceding . The ''E ...
s
*
Formidable-class battleships
*
Forward-class cruiser
The ''Forward''-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent much of the first decade of their careers in Reserve fleet, reserve. When the First World War ...
s
*
Gorgon-class monitor
The ''Gorgon''-class monitors were a class of monitors in service with the Royal Navy during World War I. and her sister ship were originally built as coastal defence ships for the Royal Norwegian Navy, as HNoMS ''Nidaros'' and HNoMS ''Bjørg ...
s
*
Highflyer-class cruiser
The ''Highflyer''-class cruisers were a group of three second-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the late 1890s.
Design and description
The ''Highflyer''-class cruisers were essentially repeats of the previous , albeit with a ...
s
*
King Edward VII-class battleship
The ''King Edward VII'' class was a class of eight pre-dreadnought battleships launched by the Royal Navy between 1903 and 1905. The class comprised , the lead ship, , , , , , , and . They marked the first major development of the basic pre- ...
s
*
King George V-class battleships
*
Lord Nelson-class battleship
The ''Lord Nelson'' class consisted of a pair of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the twentieth century. Although they were the last British pre-dreadnoughts, both were completed and commissioned wel ...
s
*
Majestic-class battleship
The ''Majestic'' class of nine pre-dreadnought battleships were built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s under the Spencer Programme, named after the First Lord of the Admiralty, John Poyntz Spencer. With nine units commissioned, they were ...
s
*
Marathon-class cruiser
The ''Marathon''-class cruiser was a class of second class cruiser of the Royal Navy ordered under the naval programme of 1887. The class was a smaller version of the .
Three of the ships, ''Melpomene'', ''Magicienne'' and ''Marathon'', were ...
s
*
Monarch-class coastal defense ship
The ''Monarch'' class was a class of three coastal defense ship
Coastal defence ships (sometimes called coastal battleships or coast defence ships) were warships built for the purpose of coastal defence, mostly during the period from 1860 ...
s
*
Monmouth-class cruiser
The ''Monmouth'' class was a ten-ship class of 10,000-ton armoured cruisers built around 1901 to 1903 for the Royal Navy and designed specifically for commerce protection. The ships were also referred to as County class cruisers as they carrie ...
s
*
Orion-class battleship
The ''Orion''-class battleships were a group of four dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the early 1910s. The first battleships built for the RN, they were much larger than the preceding British dreadnoughts and were some ...
s
*
Orlando-class cruisers
*
Pathfinder-class cruiser
The ''Pathfinder''-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent much of the first decade of their careers in reserve. When the First World War began in Aug ...
s
*
Pearl-class cruiser
The ''Pearl''-class cruiser was a third-class protected cruiser designed by William Henry White, Sir William White for the Royal Navy. Nine ships were built to this design, five of which were paid for by Australia under the terms of the Imperial ...
s
*
Pelorus-class cruiser
The ''Pelorus''-class cruiser was a "third-class" protected cruiser designed by William Henry White, Sir William White (Director of Naval Construction 1885 – 1902) for the Royal Navy, based on the earlier Pearl-class cruiser, ''Pearl''-class c ...
s
*
Phoenix-class sloops
*
Powerful-class cruiser
The ''Powerful'' class were a pair of first-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the 1890s, designed to hunt down enemy commerce raiders. Both ships served on the China Station and participated in the Second Boer War of 189 ...
s
*
Redbreast-class gunboat
The ''Redbreast'' class comprised nine first-class screw-driven composite gunboats built for the Royal Navy in 1889, mounting six guns.
Construction
Design
The ''Redbreast'' class were designed by Sir William Henry White, the Royal Navy Dire ...
s
*
Royal Sovereign-class battleship
The ''Royal Sovereign'' class was a group of eight pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. The ships spent their careers in the Mediterranean, Home and Channel Fleets, sometimes as flagships, although several wer ...
s
*
Sentinel-class cruiser
The ''Sentinel''-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent about half of the first decade of their careers in reserve and were based in home waters whe ...
s
*
Topaze-class cruiser
The ''Topaze''-class cruisers (often referred to as the Gem class) were a quartet of third-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century (four additional ships of the class were cancelled before their ...
s
*
Trafalgar-class ironclad
The two ''Trafalgar''-class battleships of the British Royal Navy were late-nineteenth-century ironclad warships. Both were named after naval battles won by the British during the Napoleonic Wars under the command of Admiral Nelson. The two shi ...
s
United States service
The
US Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of ...
used several types of 3-pounder guns from multiple manufacturers and it is difficult to determine from references which type a particular ship carried.
Hotchkiss 3-pounder 5-barrel
revolving cannons were used, along with single-barrel
quick-firing single-shot Hotchkiss 3-pounders. Both are called rapid-firing (RF) in references. Ships on both sides in the Spanish–American War were armed with Hotchkiss 3-pounders. By 1910 the US was building the
dreadnought
The dreadnought (alternatively spelled dreadnaught) was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century. The first of the kind, the Royal Navy's , had such an impact when launched in 1906 that similar battleships built after her ...
-type
''South Carolina'' class, with a secondary armament composed entirely of
3-inch (76 mm) guns. Although removed from first-line warships by World War I, some 3-pounders were fitted on patrol vessels, with a few weapons serving on those ships through World War II.
*
Amphitrite-class monitor
The ''Amphitrite''-class monitors were a class of four U.S. Navy monitors ordered in the aftermath of the ''Virginius'' affair with Spain in 1873.Swann, pp. 141–142. The four ships of the class included , , , and . A fifth ship originally of ...
s
*
Asheville-class gunboats
*
Chester-class cruiser
The three ''Chester''-class cruisers were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as fast "scout cruisers" for fleet reconnaissance. They had high speed but little armor or armament.Friedman, pp. 67-71, 468-469 They wer ...
s
*
Columbia-class cruiser
The ''Columbia''-class cruisers were two protected cruisers constructed in 1890 and 1891 and used by the United States Navy.Bauer and Roberts, p. 145 They were lightly gunned ships with only moderate armor that were built for the speed needed to ...
s
*
Connecticut-class battleship
The ''Connecticut'' class of pre-dreadnought battleships were the penultimate class of the type built for the United States Navy. The class comprised six ships: , , , , , and , which were built between 1903 and 1908. The ships were armed with ...
s
*
Delaware-class battleships
*
Maine-class battleship
The three ''Maine''-class battleships—, , and —were built at the turn of the 20th century for the United States Navy. Based on the preceding , they incorporated several significant technological advances over the earlier ships. They were t ...
s
*
Mississippi-class battleship
The ''Mississippi'' class of battleships comprised two ships which were authorized in the 1903 naval budget: and ; these were named for the 20th and 43rd states, respectively. These were the last pre-dreadnought battleships to be designed for ...
s
*
New Orleans-class cruisers
New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created.
New or NEW may refer to:
Music
* New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz
Albums and EPs
* ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013
* ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...
*
New York-class battleship
The ''New York'' class was a pair of super-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy between 1911 and 1914. The two ships of the class, and , saw extensive service beginning in the occupation of Veracruz, World War I, and World ...
s
*
Northampton-class cruiser
The ''Northampton''-class cruisers were a group of six heavy cruisers built for the United States Navy, and commissioned between 1928 and 1931.
The ''Northampton''s saw much action in World War II. Three (''Northampton'', ''Chicago'', and ''Hou ...
s
*
Pennsylvania-class cruiser
The ''Pennsylvania'' class of six armored cruisers served in the United States Navy from 1905 to 1927. All six were renamed for cities 1912–1920, to make the state names available for the new battleships beginning with the s. All of these serv ...
s
*
Pensacola-class cruisers
*
Portland-class cruisers
*
South Carolina-class battleship
Two ''South Carolina''-class battleships, also known as the ''Michigan'' class, were built for the United States Navy in the early twentieth century. Named and , they were the first American dreadnoughts—powerful warships whose capabilities ...
s
*
St. Louis-class cruisers
*
Tennessee-class cruisers
*
Virginia-class battleships
* Willmington-class gunboats
*
Wyoming-class battleship
The ''Wyoming'' class was a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy. and were authorized in early 1909, and were built between 1910 and 1912. These were the fourth dreadnought design of the US Navy, but only an increm ...
s
*
Yorktown-class gunboat
The ''Yorktown'' class was a class of three steel- hulled, twin-screw gunboats built for the United States Navy beginning in 1887. All three ships of the class were named after cities near American Revolutionary War battles.
The ships were jus ...
s
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ammunition
The most common types of ammunition available for 3-pounder guns were low yield
Steel shells and
common lyddite shells. In World War II higher yield
high explosive
An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An exp ...
rounds were produced.
Photo gallery
File:Canon de 47mm.jpg, Model of gun in French service on "elastic frame" mounting (affût-crinoline), at the Musée national de la Marine
The Musée national de la Marine (National Navy Museum) is a maritime museum located in the Palais de Chaillot, Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. It has annexes at Brest, Port-Louis, Rochefort ( Musée National de la Marine de ...
Paris.
File:Noon-day Gun Hong Kong clip.JPG, The Noonday gun
The ''Noonday'' ''Gun'' () is a former naval artillery piece mounted on a small enclosed site near the Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Owned and operated by Jardine Matheson, the gun is fired every day at noon a ...
at Causeway Bay
Causeway Bay is list of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong, an area and Victoria Park, Hong Kong, a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern District, Hong Kong, Eastern and the Wan Chai District, Wan Chai ...
, Hong Kong
File:Flickr - El coleccionista de instantes - Fotos La Fragata A.R.A. "Libertad" de la armada argentina en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (28).jpg, Two of the four operational QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss cannons aboard
File:47mm Russian Hotchkiss gun on field carriage.JPG, Russian Hotchkiss gun on a field carriage. Military-historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps. St. Petersburg Russia.
File:QF3pdrHotchkissSydney1942.jpeg, A 3-pounder coastal-defense gun at Port Jackson
Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea (p ...
1942.
File:Renault anti-aircraft 01.jpg, A Russian 3-pounder on a Renault armored car 1917.
File:Rossiya1895-1922guns.jpg, The Imperial Russian cruiser Rossia. 3-pounders at the bottom left/right.
File:3pdron90mmcarriage.jpg, A French 3-pounder on a 90 mm gun carriage.
Surviving examples
*
The Jardines Noonday gun at
Causeway Bay
Causeway Bay is list of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong, an area and Victoria Park, Hong Kong, a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern District, Hong Kong, Eastern and the Wan Chai District, Wan Chai ...
,
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
.
* A gun at the
Royal Queensland Yacht Squadron
The Royal Queensland Yacht Squadron is a Squadron (not a club which is reflected in its support for all things sailing) in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
History
The Queensland Yacht Squadron was founded in 1885, received royal charter in ...
, Manly, Queensland, Australia.
* Two guns on "elastic frame" mounting in the Casemate de l'Aschenbach,
Uffheim, Haut-Rhin, France.
* A saluting battery of multiple guns at
Fort Queenscliff
Fort Queenscliff, in Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia, dates from 1860 when an open battery was constructed on Shortland's Bluff to defend the entrance to Port Phillip. The Fort, which underwent major redevelopment in the late 1870s an ...
, Victoria, Australia.
* Four guns on the
tall ship
A tall ship is a large, traditionally- rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or fe ...
''Libertad'', which serves as a
school ship
A training ship is a ship used to train students as sailors. The term is mostly used to describe ships employed by navies to train future officers. Essentially there are two types: those used for training at sea and old hulks used to house classr ...
in the
Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; es, Armada de la República Argentina). This forms the basis for the navy's ship prefix "ARA". is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the ...
; all fully operational as saluting battery or multipurpose defense.
[Jane's Fighting Ships 2005–2006]
* 3 guns used for ceremonial purposes at .
*
National Museum of the United States Navy
The National Museum of the United States Navy, or U.S. Navy Museum for short, is the flagship museum of the United States Navy and is located in the former Breech Mechanism Shop of the old Naval Gun Factory on the grounds of the Washington Navy Y ...
has one on display with 1910 brass gun sight and slide manufactured at the
Naval Gun Factory
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It inc ...
.
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
*
QF 3 pounder Nordenfelt
The QF 3-pounder Nordenfelt was a light 47 mm quick-firing naval gun and coast defence gun of the late 19th century used by many countries.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom only deployed this gun for coast defence, and soon discarded it ...
: Nordenfelt equivalent
*
QF 3 pounder Vickers : Vickers equivalent
*
5 cm SK L/40 gun : German equivalent
Licensed production
*
Elswick Ordnance Company
The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC") was a British armaments manufacturing company of the late 19th and early 20th century
History
Originally created in 1859 to separate William A ...
*
Obukhov State Plant
Obukhov State Plant (also known Obukhovski Plant, russian: Государственный Обуховский Завод, Gosudarstvennyy Obukhovskiy Zavod) is a major Russian metallurgy and heavy machine-building plant in St. Petersburg, Russi ...
*
Skoda Works
Škoda means ''pity'' in the Czech and Slovak languages. It may also refer to:
Czech brands and enterprises
* Škoda Auto, automobile and previously bicycle manufacturer in Mladá Boleslav
** Škoda Motorsport, the division of Škoda Auto respons ...
*
William Cramp & Sons
William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company (also known as William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company) of Philadelphia was founded in 1830 by William Cramp, and was the preeminent U.S. iron shipbuilder of the late 19th century.
Company hi ...
Wars
*
First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a conflict between China and Japan primarily over influence in Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the po ...
*
Spanish–American War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
*
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
*
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result o ...
*
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo ...
*
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 ( O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies r ...
*
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
*
Winter War
The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1 ...
*
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
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Notes
References
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External links
Handbook of the 3 pounder Hotchkiss quick-firing gun Land service 1892, 1900at State Library of Victoria
Handbook for Hotchkiss 6-pr and 3-pr. quick-firing guns 1896at State Library of Victoria
* Tony DiGiulian
*
ttp://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_3pounder_m1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 3-poundersDiGiulian, Tony, Russian Hotchkiss 3-pounders
{{DEFAULTSORT:QF 03 pounder Hotchkiss
47 mm artillery
Naval guns of France
Naval guns of the United Kingdom
Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom
Coastal artillery
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1886
World War I naval weapons of the United Kingdom
Naval guns of the United States
Russo-Japanese war weapons of Russia
Russo-Japanese war weapons of Japan