Pulchri Studo aan het Lange Voorhout te Den Haag

Pulchri Studio (

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

:"For the study of beauty") is a Dutch art society, art institution and art studio based in

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

('s-Gravenhage),

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. This institute began in 1847 at the home of painter Lambertus Hardenberg. Since 1893 the club has its residence in the villa at

Lange Voorhout The Lange Voorhout () is a street in the old city centre of The Hague, Netherlands. It is L-shaped and runs from Kneuterdijk in the west to Toernooiveld in the east, reaching approximately in length. History In the Middle Ages, the Lange Voorh ...

in The Hague. Membership is made up of painters, sculptors, photographers and art lovers, with members selected by a committee. An artist's membership allows themt to exhibit their own works in the galleries of the Company. Guests have to be invited by members.

Origins

The unspoilt countryside around even the rich coastal town of

with its rural environment and the unspoiled landscape and nature and the nearby fishing village of

Scheveningen Scheveningen is one of the eight districts of The Hague, Netherlands, as well as a subdistrict (''wijk'') of that city. Scheveningen is a modern seaside resort with a long, sandy beach, an esplanade, a pier, and a lighthouse. The beach is po ...

attracted many young artists. The artists wanted to be far away from the state-run requirements of art (

neo-classicism Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative Beauty is commonly described as a feature of objects that makes these objects pleasurable to perceive. Such objects include landscapes, sunsets, ...

) and liked to decide their own way. The model was the successful artist colony of

Barbizon Barbizon () is a commune (town) in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France. It is located near the Fontainebleau Forest. Demographics The inhabitants are called ''Barbizonais''. Art history The Barbizon school of painters is name ...

south of Paris in the forest of

Fontainebleau Fontainebleau (; ) is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the ''arrondissement ...

. The unaltered life of the people and the unspoilt polders and the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...

coast played an important role. They wanted to be far away from the beginning in the Netherlands industrialisation in

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

and

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...

History

Diligentia - 's-Gravenhage - 20091090 - RCE

Interieur, overzicht van de antichambrezaal met kunstexpositie - 's-Gravenhage - 20407039 - RCE

Following the abolition of the

patronage Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...

for artist they were searching for a new way. The city of 's-Gravenhage (The Hague) with its surroundings and the coastal landscape of the

became attractive for young painters. In 1847 with the establishment of the association Pulchri Studio such a new approach has been emerged. These artist's association is a typical Dutch development. It stands in the continuation of the tradition of the old academies of the 17th and 18th centuries. A special role has played gatherings, which were called ''art considerations'' (Kunstbeschouwingen). They offered the artists the opportunity to present their own works the other members and to exchange information with the other painters. This way of handling the works creators as an ''Apprentice'' with other artists as ''Master'' has been the guarantee of the success of the Hague School. The location served as a studio and workshop. Right at the beginning this cooperative had no exhibition rooms. Alternatively the painters participated in the two or three-yearly '' Exhibition of Living Masters''. – In 1882,

Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2 ...

participated in such an art appreciation along with Bosboom and Henkes. The location had the function of the social contact to the native population. It wasn't only a place of social encounter, but at the same time it offered to the artists the opportunity to communicate with collectors and dealers. – This was very important. Among the founding members of ''Pulchri'' has been Lambertus Hardenberg,

Willem Roelofs Willem Roelofs (10 March 1822 – 12 May 1897) was a Dutch painter, water-colourist, etcher, lithographer and draughtsman. Roelofs was one of the forerunners of the Dutch Revival art, after the Romantic Classicism of the beginning of the 19th cent ...

, Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch and

Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove (October 28, 1790 in The Hague – November 8, 1880 in The Hague) was a Dutch painter and the father of Hubertus van Hove. He played an important role in the development of 19th-century painting by his many disc ...

. In 1847, Van Hove has been the first chairman of the artists association. Short time later King Willem II. took over the

patron Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...

age. A short time later

Johannes Bosboom Johannes Bosboom (18 February 1817 – 14 September 1891) was a Dutch painter and watercolorist of the Hague School, known especially for his paintings of church interiors. Biography He was born in The Hague. At the age of 14 he became a studen ...

Jozef Israëls Jozef Israëls (27 January 1824 – 12 August 1911) was a Dutch painter. He was a leading member of the group of landscape painters referred to as the Hague School and, during his lifetime, "the most respected Dutch artist of the second half o ...

Hendrik Willem Mesdag Hendrik Willem Mesdag (23 February 1831 – 10 July 1915) was a Dutch marine painter. Biography He was born in Groningen, the son of the banker Klaas Mesdag and his wife Johanna Wilhelmina van Giffen. Mesdag was encouraged by his fath ...

Jan Weissenbruch Jan Weissenbruch (1822, The Hague – 1880, The Hague) was a 19th-century Dutch painter. Biography According to the RKD he was the cousin of Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch and the older brother of the painters Isaac and Frederik Hendrik and like ...

and some lesser-known artists joined Pulchri. Subsequent significant members are also

Jan Sluyters Johannes Carolus Bernardus (Jan) Sluijters, or Sluyters (17 December 1881 in 's-Hertogenbosch – 8 May 1957 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and co-founder of the Moderne Kunstkring. Sluijters (in English often spelled "Sluyters") was a leading ...

Paul Citroen Roelof Paul Citroen (15 December 1896 – 13 March 1983) was a German-born Dutch artist, art educator and co-founder of the New Art Academy in Amsterdam. Among his best-known works are the photo-montage Metropolis and the 1949 Dutch postage sta ...

and

Willy Sluiter Jan Willem "Willy" Sluiter (24 May 1873, Amersfoort – 22 May 1949, The Hague) was a Dutch painter. He was best known for his paintings of Dutch villages and its dwellers, and also did portraits of members of Dutch high society. His work was p ...

. Many painters, who are today attributed to the

Hague School The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of relati ...

, had position on the board and made this cooperative to a stronghold: Bosboom was chairman from 1852 to 1853, Israëls from 1875 to 1878, and Mesdag from 1898 to 1907. But even

Jacob Maris Jacob Hendricus Maris (August 25, 1837 – August 7, 1899) was a Dutch painter, who with his brothers Willem and Matthijs belonged to what has come to be known as the Hague School of painters. He was considered to be the most important and influen ...

and

Willem Maris Willem Maris (18 February 1844 – 10 October 1910) was a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School. Biography He was born in The Hague. Willem was the third in a family of five children. His two brothers Jacob and Matthijs Maris preceded him ...

Anton Mauve Anthonij "Anton" Rudolf Mauve (18 September 18385 February 1888) was a Dutch realist painter who was a leading member of the Hague School. He signed his paintings 'A. Mauve' or with a monogrammed 'A.M.'. A master colorist, he was a very signific ...

, Roelofs and

were members of the executive committee. They were responsible for the ''drawing room'', the ''art considerations'' or the ''social meetings''. The growing membership forced the organizers to expand and in 1901 it was moved to the building on the Lange Voorhout 15. In 2004, a number of works from Pulchri were stolen, later recovered in 2007.

The two rival cooperatives

A town on the river Vecht by Theophile de Bock (1851-1904)

During its turbulent history were attempts at secession or counter companies. None of them should never attain the importance of Pulchri Studion. But this is an indication that politics of these cooperative is not always met with broad approval. One of these countermovements is the

Haagse Kunstkring The Haagse Kunstkring (English The Hague Art Circle) is an association in The Hague for artists and art lovers. Among the members are visual artists, architects, writers, recitation artists, photographers, musicians and designers. The association ...

. In 1891 this cooperative was created by the painter

Théophile de Bock Théophile Emile Achille de Bock (14 January 1851, in The Hague – 22 November 1904, in Haarlem) was a Dutch painter belonging to the Hague School. Although many denigrate De Bock's work as too gray and too sketchy, Hague School champions love hi ...

and the architect Paul du Rieu. It has remained until now and has been awarded to its centenary with the medal of the city of The Hague. In The Hague in the year 1884 a smaller Artists Association – Arti et Industriae was established. Their aim is to promote Dutch art craft and has a pension fund, too. From the beginning it is more oriented towards the subject to industry and industrial progress. So it has a completely different orientation than the Hague School with her Pulchri Studio, which wanted to immortalize the untouched nature and the genuine life in the country, the podern and on the coast. – Thus it should never attain the significance and charisma as Pulchri Studio. Arti et Industriae had set oneself the goal of contact and coordination. They organizes exhibitions, too. However, their existence was secured by the proximity to the seat of government.

Pulchri Studio and the Art Academy

From the Hague School and the

Royal Academy of Art, The Hague The Royal Academy of Art (KABK, nl, Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten) is an art and design academy in The Hague. Succeeding the ''Haagsche Teeken-Academie'' (part of the Confrerie Pictura), the academy was founded on 29 September 1682, m ...

went a favorable effect on the development of the artists association ''Pulchri Studio''. This society took over the function for the promotion of the fine arts. In this environment were excellent teachers and students. The place of The Hague and its surroundings was and is important because of the seat of the government. At the Art Academy Blosboom, Willem Maris, Johan Hendrik Weissenbruch and Georg Breitner were also trained.

Pulchri Studio and the Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij

The cooperative of Pulchri Studio was open to new technics in painting in the fine art. This resulted in the panel painting to another movement within the Dutch Impressionism, the Hague School. In

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

in the year 1855 the Society for

watercolour Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also ''aquarelle'' (; from Italian diminutive of Latin ''aqua'' "water"), is a painting method”Watercolor may be as old as art itself, going back to t ...

-painting, the "Société Belge des watercolorist" was founded. She was quite successful. This movement was an expression of social and country-specific implementation of the very successful work of The Royal Watercolour Society to London. Precisely because of the contacts with the environment of the

Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts The Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels (french: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts - École supérieure des Arts de la Ville de Bruxelles (ARBA-ESA), nl, Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel), is an art school established in B ...

in Brussels, the watercolours were attractive again as a version of the painting for artists. Indeed, this watercolour technique had reached their third heyday from the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century. On 31 January 1878 the ''

Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij The Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij (''Dutch drawing society'') was an international art society founded in 1876 in The Hague. The purpose of the society was to promote watercolor painting as an art in itself, which until then had been known only as ...

'' (in English: Dutch Drawing Society) was founded. Its founding members belonged to the core of the ''Hague School'' – the movement of the ''Dutch Impressionism'' and thus the Pulchri Studio. The society was so organized that it was independent, but closely linked to Pulchri Studio remained. Its honorary members included painters from Belgium, Germany and Italy. In 1901, this society ceased to exist.

Policy and Pulchri Studio

The Society Pulchri wasn't as conservative as Arti et Amicitiae to

. Yes, they even rejected the traditional painting styles. In the royal capital of 's-Gravenhage (The Hague) his caused an uproar and a political issue, too. By the king Willem III Hermanus Koekkoek had received a medal in recognition of a work. From Pulchri came the objection that this painting would no longer correspond to the current state of the art. – In public, the Hague School took the opposite position and stood against the official art policy of the Dutch king. This was notably represented by Artzt, de Bock, Bosboom, Israëls, Jacob and Willem Maris, Mauve, Mesdag and Neuhuys. In addition they made known that neither one may send them a tender for an art competition nor they will take part in a competition any more. In the circles that represented the new, radical painting style of impressionism or were only open, it was believed to have triggered something. In those days the queen tried to calm things down by their commitment to Pulchi. There was a no significant change in the policy of the king. – The disappointment was very big and they had to choose their own way.

Notable members: 19th century

Wintergezicht met ondergaande zon tussen geboomte Rijksmuseum SK-A-4916

Johannes Joseph Destree Strand bei Scheveningen 1871

* Anna Adelaïde Abrahams (1849–1930) * Louis Apol (1850–1936) *

Gerard Bilders Albertus Gerardus "Gerard" Bilders (9 December 1838 – 8 March 1865) was a Dutch landscape-painter, associated with some members of the Hague School, as Anton Mauve and Willem Maris. Biography Bilders was born in Utrecht, where he lived until ...

(1836–1865) * Bernardus Johannes Blommers (1845–1904)) *

(1817–1891) *

George Hendrik Breitner George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923) was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism, he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He pa ...

(1857–1923)Georg Hendrik Breitener was the forerunner of the Amsterdam Impressionism as part of the international movement of impressionism. He was a painter of panel painting and a pioneer of photography. He left about 2.000 negatives. * Johannes Josephus Destrée (1827–1886) * Johan Hendrik Doeleman (1848–1913) *

Paul Gabriël Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriël or Paul Gabriël (5 July 1828 – 23 August 1903) was a painter, draftsman, watercolorist, and etcher who belonged to the Hague School. Biography Gabriël was born in Amsterdam, the son of the sculptor and paint ...

(1828–1903) * Arnold Marc Gorter (1866–1937) *

Hendrik Haverman Hendrik Johannes Haverman (23 October 1857, Amsterdam - 11 August 1928, The Hague) was a Dutch artist; known primarily for his portrait drawings. Biography He studied at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam, and the art academie ...

(1857–1928) *

(1790–1880) *

Bramine Hubrecht Abrahamina Arnolda Louise Hubrecht, (1855-1913) was a Dutch painter, etcher, and illustrator. Biography Hubrecht was born 21 July 1855 in Rotterdam. She attended Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, Royal Academy of Art at The Hague and the Rijksak ...

(1855–1913) *

(1827–1919) *

Jan Philip Koelman Jan (Johan) Philip Koelman (11 March 1818, in The Hague – 10 January 1893, in The Hague) was a Dutch painter, sculptor, writer and teacher, involved during part of his life in revolutionary activity. He attended Cornelis Kruseman's studio tog ...

(1818–1893) * (1835–1895) *

(1837–1899) *

(1844–1910) *

(1838–1888) *

Geesje Mesdag-van Calcar Geesje Mesdag-van Calcar (1850–1936) was a Dutch painter. She is known for her landscape, flower, and genre paintings. Biography Mesdag-van Calcar was born 2 July 1850 in Hoogezand. She attended the Academie Minerva in Groningen She also studi ...

(1850–1936) *

(1831–1915) * Taco Mesdag (1829–1902) * Sina van Houten (1834–1909) * Willem Cornelis Rip (1856–1922) *

(1822–1897) *

Julius van de Sande Bakhuyzen Julius Jacobus van de Sande Bakhuyzen (18 June 1835, in The Hague – 21 October 1925, in The Hague) was a Dutch etcher and painter in the Hague School. He was a member of a number of artists' associations, such as Arti et Amicitiae and Pulchri ...

(1835–1925) *

Andreas Schelfhout Andreas Schelfhout (1787–1870) was a Dutch painter, etcher and lithographer, known for his landscape paintings. Schelfhout belongs to the Romantic movement. His Dutch winter scenes and frozen canals with skaters were already famous during hi ...

(1787–1870) * (1840–1929) *

Hendrik Jacobus Scholten Hendrik Jacobus Scholten (11 July 1824, Amsterdam – 29 May 1907, Heemstede), was a 19th-century painter from the Netherlands. Biography According to the RKD he was a pupil of Petrus Franciscus Greive and Lambertus Johannes Hansen.

(1824–1907) *

Jan Sluijters Johannes Carolus Bernardus (Jan) Sluijters, or Sluyters (17 December 1881 in 's-Hertogenbosch – 8 May 1957 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and co-founder of the Moderne Kunstkring. Sluijters (in English often spelled "Sluyters") was a leadi ...

(1881–1957) * Willem Sluiter (1873–1949) * Pieter Stortenbeker (1828–1898) *

Johannes Gijsbert Vogel Johannes Gijsbert Vogel (25 June 1828 – 15 May 1915) was a Dutch landscape painter. Vogel was born in Hooge Zwaluwe, (Drimmelen), as the son of the local mayor and moved to the Hague, where he became a pupil of Andreas Schelfhout. He became a ...

(1828–1915) *

(1822–1880) * Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch (1824–1903) * Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855–1925)

Gallery

File:Bernard Blommers - Seaside.jpg, Bernard Blommers (undated): Seaside, Saint Louis Museum, USA. File:Destrée 1.jpg, Johannes Josephus Destrée (1873): On the seaside at sunset, private collection. File:Paul Gabriël - Polder landscape - Google Art Project.jpg, Paul Gabriël (undated): Polder landscape, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. File:November mood.jpg, Arnold Marc Gorter (1905): November mood, Teylers Museum, Haarlem. File:View on Scheveningen. by Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove.jpg, Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove (1825/50): View on Scheveningen, The Hague Historic Museum. File:Jacob Maris - Bomschuit op het Scheveningse strand 1880-1899.jpg, Jacob Maris (1885): Bluff-bowed Fishing boat on the beach at Scheveningen, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. File:Eendjes Rijksmuseum SK-A-2277.jpeg, Willem Maris (after 1880): Duck with their ducklings at the shore of the pond, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. File:The Corn Harvest, by Anton Mauve.jpg, Anton Mauve (undated): The Corn Harvest, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. File:WLANL - Quistnix! - Visserijmuseum - Aankomst van de Vis - Hendrik Willem Mesdag (1875).jpg, Hendrik Willem Mesdag (1875): Return from fishing, Visserijmuseum. File:Sina Mesdag van Houten - Bleak Pastoral Scene.jpg, Sina Mesdag van Houten (1905): Bleak Pastoral Scene, Water-Colour Serie as part of the Series of the Dutch School. File:Willem Roelofs - Polder landscape with windmill near Abcoude - Google Art Project.jpg, Willem Roelofs (1870): Polder landscape with windmill near Abcoude, Geementemuseum, The Hague. File:Het Zieken te s-Gravenhage.jpg, Julius van de Sande Bakhuyzen (1870): The Hospital at 's-Gravenhage (The Hague), Teylers Museum. File:Follow. of Andreas Schelfhout - Winterlandschap met twee windmolens.jpg, Andreas Schelfhout (1869): Winterlandscape with two windmills, private collection. File:WLANL - 23dingenvoormusea - Woudrichem.jpg, Jan Weissenbruch (1850): The fishmarket at Woudrichem, private collection. File:Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch - Herfstlandschap.jpg, Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch (after 1870): Autumn landscape, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. File:A winter landscape with houses along a canal by Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855-1925).jpg, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (undated): A winter landscape with houses along a canal, private collection.

Revival after the war

After the Second World War was ''Pulchri Studio'' in disrepute: In 1943, the executive committee had submitted the order from Berlin to join the Reich-Chamber of Culture (Reichskulturkammer). In the Kingdom of the Netherlands this act was regarded as an act of collaboration. – After 1945 the chairman at that time, Willy Sluiter, was dismissed. In 1996 Queen

Beatrix Beatrix is a Latin feminine given name, most likely derived from ''Viatrix'', a feminine form of the Late Latin name ''Viator'' which meant "voyager, traveller" and later influenced in spelling by association with the Latin word ''beatus'' or "bles ...

just took the patronage of this artists association and helped her back to the traditional reputation and importance in the art scene of The Hague and the Netherlands.

Notable members: 20th century

* Johannes Evert Hendrik Akkeringa * Kees Andrea *

Lizzy Ansingh Maria Elisabeth Georgina Ansingh (13 March 1875 – 14 December 1959) was a Dutch painter. Ansingh belonged to a group of female post-impressionist painters influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement called the '' Amsterdamse Joffers''. ...

Floris Arntzenius Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius (9 June 1864 – 16 February 1925) was a Dutch painter, water-colourist, illustrator and printmaker. He is considered a representative of the younger generation of the Hague School. Arntzenius was b ...

* Marius Bauer * Hermanus Berserik *

Theo Bitter Theodorus (Theo) Bitter (16 December 1916 – 13 February 1994 in The Hague) was a Dutch graphic artist, painter and draftsman. He also made monumental art, designed textiles, and illustrated books. Bitter was educated at the Royal Academy of A ...

Loek Bos Loek Bos (born The Hague, 4 November 1946) is a Dutch cartoonist, painter and sculptor. He is a member of the Pulchri Studio in The Hague. Among his works is a memorial to the composer Cornelis Dopper, erected in Stadskanaal Stadskanaal () ...

Dirk Bus Dirk Bus (5 December 1907 - 10 June 1978 in The Hague) was a Dutch sculptor. Bus was educated in sculpture at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague and Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam. He was a student of Bon Ingen-Housz and Jan B ...

* Ko Cossaar * Jaroslawa Dankowa *

Nelly van Doesburg Nelly van Doesburg (née Petronella Johanna van Moorsel; The Hague, 27 July 1899 – Meudon, 1 October 1975) was a Dutch avant-garde musician, dancer, artist and art collector. She performed under her dadaïst alias Pétro van Doesburg and used ...

* Thaddeus van Eijsden * Theodoor van Erp * J.P.J. Franken Pzn. * Lotti van der Gaag * Marijke Gémessy * Arnold Marc Gorter * Gerard Gratama * Han van Hagen * Cornelia van der Hart * Theo ten Have *

* Gerke Henkes * Jozef van der Horst *

Vilmos Huszár Vilmos Huszár (5 January 1884 – 8 September 1960) was a Hungarian painter and designer. He lived in The Netherlands, where he was one of the founding members of the art movement De Stijl. Huszár was born in Budapest, Hungary. He emigrate ...

* Aart van den IJssel * Johan Antoni de Jonge *

Harm Kamerlingh Onnes Harm Henrick Kamerlingh Onnes (15 February 1893 – 20 May 1985 in Leiden) was a Dutch portrait painter and ceramist, Mienke Simon Thomas (2008). Goed in vorm: honderd jaar ontwerpen in Nederland'' p. 188 who also produced designs for stamps and ...

* Toon Kelder * Simon Koene * Willem van Konijnenburg * Arnold Hendrik Koning * Han Krug *

George Lampe George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd Presiden ...

* Titus Leeser * Ronald T. Lindgreen * Hubert van Lith *

Kees Maks Cornelis Johannes Maks (August 22, 1876 – October 28, 1967), known as Kees Maks, was a Dutch painter born in Amsterdam. He studied for a time at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, before becoming a pupil of George Hendrik Breitner.Jansen ...

* Thijs Mauve * Fokko Mees * Herman Mees * Willem Minderman * Jan Naezer * Theo van der Nahmer *

W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp Wijnand Otto Jan Nieuwenkamp (Amsterdam, July 27, 1874 – Fiesole, April 23, 1950), was a Dutch multi-faceted autodidact. As an artist he was active as a painter, draftsman, sculptor, etcher, lithographer, and designer of book covers and of e ...

* Arend Odé * Frans Oerder * Cornelis Peters *

Louis Raemaekers Louis Raemaekers (April 6, 1869 – July 26, 1956) was a Dutch painter and editorial cartoonist for the Amsterdam newspaper ''De Telegraaf'' during World War I, noted for his anti-German stance. Early life He was born and grew up in Roermond, ...

* Ria Rettich * Annie de Reuver * Willem Cornelis Rip *

Coba Ritsema Jacoba Johanna (Coba) Ritsema (26 June 1876, Haarlem – 13 December 1961, Amsterdam), was a portrait painter from the Netherlands. Biography Jacoba, or Coba, was born in 1876 as the daughter of the book printer Coenraad Ritsema and his wi ...

* Jan Roëde * Hendrikus Elias Roodenburg * Bram Roth * Lique Schoot *

* Frans Smissaert * Albert Termote *

Willem Bastiaan Tholen Willem Bastiaan Tholen (Amsterdam, 13 February 1860 – The Hague, 5 December 1931) was a Dutch painter, draftsman and printmaker with some connections to members of the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. ...

* Cornelis Vreedenburgh * Toon Wegner *

Co Westerik Jacobus "Co" Westerik (2 March 1924 – 10 September 2018) was a Dutch visual artist. Life and work Born in The Hague on 2 March 1924, Westerik received his education at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague from 1942 to 1947. After his graduati ...

Willem de Zwart Wilhelmus "Willem" Hendrikus Petrus Johannes de Zwart (16 May 1862 The Hague – 11 December 1931 The Hague) was a Dutch painter, engraver, and watercolorist with many connections to the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterda ...

References

Bibliography

* Broude, Norma (1990: World Impressionism: The International Movement — 1860–1920, Harry N. Abrams, inc. . * Bley, Britta (2004): ''Vom Staat zur Nation: Zur Rolle der Kunst bei der Herausbildung eines Niederländischen Nationalbewußtseins im langen 19. Jahrhundert.'' LIT-Verlag, Münster, (in German Language), . * Dom, Ronald (1996): ''Van Gogh und die Haager Schule.'' Ausst.-Kat. Wien, (in German Language), . * Roland Holst, Richard (1917): ''Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij Pulchri Studio.'' 1917. * De Leeuw, Ronald; Sillevis, John and Dumas, Charles (1983): ''The Hague School, Dutch Masters of the 19th Century.'' — Exhibition-Catalogue, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, . * Van Druten, Terry; Van Dijk, Maite and Sillevis, John (2005): ''De aquarel – Nederlandse meesters van de negentiende eeuw.'' THOT, Teylers Museum und De Mesdag Collectie, Bussum 2015, . * Tholen, Willem Bastian (1914): ''Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij.'' The Hague 1914. * Stolwijk, Chris (1998): Uit de Schilderswereld, Primavera Pers-Leiden, Leiden, .

External links

Pulchri Studio
Official Website {{Coord, 52, 04, 55, N, 4, 18, 43, E, region:NL_source:kolossus-nlwiki, display=title Dutch art Art museums and galleries in the Netherlands Buildings and structures in The Hague Art societies Dutch artist groups and collectives Impressionism