Orthogastropoda was a major
taxonomic grouping of snails and slugs, an extremely large
subclass within the huge class
Gastropoda according to the older
taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonom ...
.
This taxon is no longer used according to the
taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
Ponder and
Lindberg
Lindberg is a municipality in the district of Regen in Bavaria in Germany in the immediate neighbourhood of the larger town Zwiesel.
Location
Lindberg lies in the Danube Forest (''Donau-Wald'') region in the middle
of the Bavarian Forest on ...
(1997) in the book ''The Southern Synthesis'', showed the Orthogastropoda as one of two subclasses of the
Gastropoda, the other subclass being a very much smaller group called the
Eogastropoda, which contained only 5 families of true limpets.
This subclass, Orthogastropoda, which one perhaps could call the ''true snails'', was defined most concisely as all gastropods which were not members of
Patellogastropoda
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.
The clade Patellogastropoda is d ...
, the true limpets.
The Orthogastropoda appeared to form a
clade which was supported by unambiguous synapomorphies. These synapomorphies (a series of characteristics that appear in its members but not in the other forms it diverged from) were the identifying characteristics of the clade.
Some of the characteristics were:
*eyes with a vitreous body on eyestalks.
*paired jaws, with their position free from the buccal mass
*a single kidney on the right side of pericardium
*a flexoglossate
radula (with a flexible radular membrane). The radula is the snail's tongue, used as a rasping tool.
*unpaired osphradium (olfactory organ).
*lateral ciliated zones of osphradium
*a single left hypobranchial gland (on organ at gill, which releases secretions, such as the reddish dye
Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple ( grc, πορφύρα ''porphúra''; la, purpura), also known as Phoenician red, Phoenician purple, royal purple, imperial purple, or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye. The name Tyrian refers to Tyre, Lebanon. It i ...
).
*an unpaired ctenidium (a comblike respiratory structure in certain mollusks)
Taxonomy
The following is based on the somewhat out-dated
taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonom ...
. For the most up-to-date system of gastropod taxonomy, please see
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks. (Gastropods are a taxonomic class of animals which consists of snails and s ...
.
''Superorder
Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987''
*Superfamily
Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882
*Superfamily
Lepetelloidea Dall, 1882 (deep sea limpets)
''Superorder
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
(Hot Vent Taxa)''
*Order Neomphaloida
Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
**Superfamily
Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vent limpets)
**Superfamily Peltospiroidea
McLean, 1989
''Superorder
Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet ...
Salvini-Plawen, 1989'' (limpets)
*Superfamily
Fissurelloidea Flemming, 1822 (keyhole limpets)
*Superfamily
Haliotoidea
Haliotoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Vald ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 (abalones)
*Superfamily
Lepetodriloidea
Lepetodriloidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form ...
McLean, 1988 (hydrothermal vent limpets)
*Superfamily
Pleurotomarioidea
Pleurotomarioidea is a superfamily of small to large marine gastropods included in the order Pleurotomariida of the subclass Vetigastropoda.
These are the slit shells, originally named Pleurotomariacea, in keeping with the convention for namin ...
Swainson, 1840 (slit shells)
*Superfamily
Seguenzioidea
Seguenzioidea is a superfamily of minute to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.Gofas, S. (2010). Seguenzioidea. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Acce ...
Verrill, 1884
*Superfamily
Trochoidea Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 (top shells)
''Superorder Neritaemorphi
Koken, 1896''
*Order
Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960
**Superfamily
Neritoidea Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1809
''Superorder
Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960''
*Order
Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
**Superfamily
Ampullarioidea
Ampullarioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the informal group Architaenioglossa, which belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda (unassigned).
Families
* Ampullariidae Gray, 1824
* † N ...
J.E. Gray, 1824
**Superfamily
Cyclophoroidea
Cyclophoroidea is a superfamily of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropods within the informal group Architaenioglossa, that belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2015). Cyclophoroidea Gray, ...
J.E. Gray, 1847 (terrestrial)
*Order
Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.
The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.
Taxonomy
1 ...
Ponder & Lindberg
Lindberg is a municipality in the district of Regen in Bavaria in Germany in the immediate neighbourhood of the larger town Zwiesel.
Location
Lindberg lies in the Danube Forest (''Donau-Wald'') region in the middle
of the Bavarian Forest on ...
, 1997
**Suborder
Cerithiimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
***Superfamily Spanionematoidea
**Suborder
Hypsogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg
Lindberg is a municipality in the district of Regen in Bavaria in Germany in the immediate neighbourhood of the larger town Zwiesel.
Location
Lindberg lies in the Danube Forest (''Donau-Wald'') region in the middle
of the Bavarian Forest on ...
, 1997
***Infraorder
Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including some freshwater snails ( aquatic species) and land snails ( terrestrial species).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frý ...
Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
****Superfamily
Calyptraeoidea
The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141 o ...
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1809
****Superfamily
Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822
****Superfamily Carinarioidea
Blainville, 1818
****Superfamily
Cingulopsoidea
The Cingulopsoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Families
The following three families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
*Family Cingulopsidae Frette ...
Fretter & Patil, 1958
****Superfamily
Cypraeoidea
Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily had been called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815.MolluscaBase (2018). Cypraeoidea ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 (cowries)
****Superfamily
Ficoidea Meek
Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience.
Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...
, 1864
****Superfamily Laubierinoidea
Warén & Bouchet, 1990
****Superfamily
Littorinoidea
Littorinoidea are a superfamily of both sea snails and land snails which have a gill and an operculum, terrestrial and marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.
The terrestrial family within this group, the Pomatiidae, are ...
(Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
****Superfamily
Naticoidea
Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape. ...
Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
****Superfamily
Rissooidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (Risso shells)
****Superfamily
Stromboidea Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 (true conchs)
****Superfamily
Tonnoidea
The Tonnoidea are a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha. This superfamily includes many very large species.
Nomenclature
Beu (1998, 2008) favours usage of Tonnoidea and Tonnidae rather than Cas ...
Suter, 1913
****Superfamily Trivioidea
Troschel, 1863
****Superfamily
Vanikoroidea
Vanikoroidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The superfamily Eulimoidea is a synonym of Vanikoroidea.
Families
Families within the superfamily Vanikoroidea include:
*Family Eulimidae ...
J.E. Gray, 1840
****Superfamily
Velutinoidea
Velutinoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Taxonomy
*Family Velutinidae Gray, 1840
**Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840
**Subfamily Lamellariinae d’Orbigny, 1841
*Family Trivii ...
J.E. Gray, 1840
****Superfamily
Vermetoidea
The Vermetoidea, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic superfamily of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed th ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815 (worm shells)
****Superfamily
Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
***Infraorder
Neogastropoda Thiele, 1929
****Superfamily
Buccinoidea
Buccinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of very small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.
This superfamily is in the clade Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). It had been ...
(whelks, false tritions)
****Superfamily
Cancellarioidea
Volutoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Volutoidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http ...
Forbes & Hanley, 1851
****Superfamily
Conoidea
Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and conside ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
****Superfamily
Muricoidea
Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs.
Description
The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Cr ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Infraorder
Ptenoglossa
The Ptenoglossa is an informal taxonomic group of sea snails.
This group was considered paraphyletic or polyphyletic by Ponder and Lindberg (1997) in their classification of gastropod molluscs.
The database WoRMS considers this suborder as b ...
J.E. Gray, 1853
****Superfamily
Eulimoidea Philippi, 1853
****Superfamily
Janthinoidea Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1812
****Superfamily
Triphoroidea
Triphoroidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs within the informal group Ptenoglossa.
Taxonomy
Families and subfamilies within this superfamily are as follows:
* † '' Berendinellidae'' Guzhov, 20 ...
J.E. Gray, 1847
**Suborder Discopoda
P. Fischer, 1884 - sometimes included in Cerithiimorpha
***Superfamily
Campaniloidea
The Campaniloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The Campaniloidea are unassigned in the clade Caenogastropoda.
Taxonomy
The following four families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) ...
Douvillé, 1904
***Superfamily
Cerithioidea Férussac, 1822
**Suborder Murchisoniina
Cox & Knight, 1960
***Superfamily
Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889
''Superorder
Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the ''heterobranchs'' (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.
Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Cur ...
J.E. Gray, 1840''
*Order
Heterostropha
Heterostropha was a previously used taxonomic category, an order of sea snails, within the superorder Heterobranchia. In the most current gastropod taxonomy, that of Bouchet & Rocroi, this taxon is no longer in use.
The molluscs that were plac ...
P. Fischer, 1885
**Superfamily
Architectonicoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
***Family
Architectonicidae
Architectonicidae, common name the staircase shells or sundials, are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" (= Allogastropoda) of the clade Heterobranchia.
The extinct families † Amphito ...
Gray, 1850
**Superfamily
Omalogyroidea G.O. Sars, 1878
**Superfamily
Pyramidelloidea
Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.
This is a voluminous taxon: above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to this g ...
J.E. Gray, 1840
**Superfamily
Rissoelloidea J.E. Gray, 1850
**Superfamily
Valvatoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
*Order
Opisthobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848
**Suborder
Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814 (nudibranchs)
***Infraorder
Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819
****Superfamily
Doridoidea
Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs (and previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are a taxonomic superfamily of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea, included in the clade Nu ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
****Superfamily
Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900
****Superfamily
Onchidoridoidea
Onchidoridoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs.
Families
Families within the superfamily Onchidoridoidea are as follows:Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015)Onchidoridoidea Gray, 1827.In: MolluscaB ...
Alder & Hancock, 1845
****Superfamily
Polyceroidea
Polyceroidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea.
Families
Families within the superfamily Polyceroidea include:
*Family Aegiridae - In Bouchet & Rocroi (20 ...
Alder & Hancock, 1845
***Infraorder
Cladobranchia
The Cladobranchia are a taxonomic clade of nudibranchs, sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Dexiarchia.
Taxonomy clade Metarminida
* Superfamily Metarminoidea This name is not available as a Superfamily name as it is not based o ...
Willan & Morton, 1984
****Superfamily
Aeolidioidea
Aeolidioidea is a superfamily of sea slugs, the aeolid nudibranchs. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the suborder Cladobranchia.
Taxonomy
As of 2019, the superfamily Aeolidioidea consisted of the following families:
* Aeolidiidae Gray, ...
J.E. Gray, 1827
****Superfamily
Arminoidea
Arminoidea is a superfamily of small sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudibranchia.
Arminoidea is the only superfamily in the clade Euarminida.
Families
A study, published in 2000, has demonstrated that Arminoidea is paraphyle ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1814
****Superfamily
Dendronotoidea
Dendronotoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small colorful sea slugs or nudibranchs, aeolid nudibranchs. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.ma ...
Allman, 1845
****Superfamily
Metarminoidea Odhner in Franc, 1968
**Suborder
Anaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 (sea hares)
***Superfamily
Akeroidea Pilsbry, 1893
***Superfamily
Aplysioidea
Aplysioidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusc, mollusks within the clade Anaspidea.Gofas, S. (2010). Akeroidea. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1809
**Suborder
Cephalaspidea
The order Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a major taxon of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia.Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., ...
P. Fischer, 1883
***Superfamily
Acteonoidea
Acteonoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.
Taxonomy
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the superfamily Acteonoidea has been included into the informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" ( ...
D'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthrop ...
, 1835
***Superfamily
Bulloidea
Bulloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.Bouchet, P. (2010). Bulloidea Gray, 1827. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. ...
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1801
***Superfamily
Cylindrobulloidea Thiele, 1931
***Superfamily
Diaphanoidea Odhner, 1914
***Superfamily
Haminoeoidea
Haminoeoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small sea snails or bubble shells, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails.
These cephalaspideans do have distinct anatomical and mo ...
Pilsbry, 1895
***Superfamily
Philinoidea
Philinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically headshield slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Cephalaspidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Philinoidea Gray, 1850 (1815). Accessed through: World Register of ...
J.E. Gray, 1850
***Superfamily
Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853
**Suborder
Gymnosomata
Sea angels (clade Gymnosomata) are a large group of small free-swimming sea slugs, not to be confused with Cnidarians (Jellyfish and other similar creatures), classified into six different families. They are pelagic opisthobranchs in the clade Gy ...
Blainville, 1824 (sea angels)
**Suborder
Notaspidea
Notaspidea, also known as the sidegill slugs, is an artificial grouping of sea slugs which is now split into two unrelated groups, the Umbraculida and the Pleurobranchomorpha.
Taxonomic history
Notaspidea, also known as the sidegill slugs, was a ...
P. Fischer, 1883
***Superfamily
Pleurobranchoidea Férussac, 1822
***Superfamily Tylodinoidea
J.E. Gray, 1847
**Suborder
Sacoglossa
Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "solar-powered sea slugs", are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia. Sacoglossans live by ingesting the cellular co ...
Von Ihering, 1876
***Superfamily
Oxynooidea
Oxynooidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, bubble snails and bivalved gastropods, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847). Accessed through: Wor ...
H. & A. Adams, 1854
**Suborder
Thecosomata
Sea butterflies, scientific name Thecosomata (thecosomes, "case / shell-body"), are a taxonomic suborder of small pelagic swimming sea snails. They are holoplanktonic opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. Most Thecosomata have some form of calcifi ...
Blainville, 1824 (sea butterflies)
***Infraorder
Euthecosomata
''Euthecosomata'' is a taxonomic unit used to classify sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda ...
****Superfamily
Limacinoidea
The superfamily Limacinoidea is a taxonomic group of small floating sea snails, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks.Bouchet, P. (2012). Limacinoidea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ ...
****Superfamily
Cavolinioidea
The superfamily Cavolinioidea is the most speciose group of sea butterflies. They belong to the suborder Euthecosomata. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Cavolinioidea Gray, 1850 (1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...
***Infraorder
Pseudothecosomata
****Superfamily Peraclidoidea
****Superfamily
Cymbulioidea
Cymbulioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of pelagic "sea butterflies", one group of swimming sea snails. They are holoplanktonic opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Thecosomata.
Anatomy
Some groups within this superfamily possess ...
*Order
Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates)
**Subinfraorder
Orthurethra
***Superfamily
Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
***Superfamily
Cochlicopoidea
Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' .
Taxonomy
This superfamily contains the following families:
* Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873
* Agar ...
Pilsbry, 1900
***Superfamily
Partuloidea
Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' .
Taxonomy
This superfamily contains the following families:
* Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873
* Agar ...
Pilsbry, 1900
***Superfamily
Pupilloidea
Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder ''Pupilloidei'' .
Taxonomy
This superfamily contains the following families:
* Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873
* A ...
Turton, 1831
**Subinfraorder
Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs.
The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a ...
***Superfamily
Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
***Superfamily
Achatinoidea
The Achatinoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.
2005 taxonomy
According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 there are four fami ...
Swainson, 1840
***Superfamily
Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
***Superfamily
Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
***Superfamily Buliminoidea
Clessin, 1879
***Superfamily Camaenoidea
Pilsbry, 1895
***Superfamily
Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
***Superfamily
Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
***Superfamily
Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
***Superfamily
Helicoidea
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.
Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy
There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the ta ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Superfamily
Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
***Superfamily
Limacoidea Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Superfamily
Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
***Superfamily
Orthalicoidea
The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder HelicinaMolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Simpulopsidae Schileyko, 1999. Accessed through: W ...
Albers-Martens, 1860
***Superfamily
Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
***Superfamily
Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
***Superfamily
Punctoidea
Punctoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.
Taxonomy
The superfamily Punctoidea is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clade ...
Morse, 1864
***Superfamily
Rhytidoidea
The Rhytidoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the suborder Helicina. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...
Pilsbry, 1893
***Superfamily
Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
***Superfamily
Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
***Superfamily
Streptaxoidea
Streptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Achatinina of the order Stylommatophora.
Taxonomy
2005 taxonomy
There have been recognized the only family Streptaxidae wi ...
J.E. Gray, 1806
***Superfamily
Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
***Superfamily
Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
***Superfamily
Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
**Infraorder
Acteophila Dall, 1885
***Superfamily
Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
**Infraorder
Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
***Superfamily
Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
**Infraorder
Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
**Suborder
Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates)
***Superfamily
Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
***Superfamily
Amphiboloidea J.E. Gray, 1840
***Superfamily
Chilinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
***Superfamily
Glacidorboidea
The Glacidorbidae is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails.
Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy
Glacidorbidae is the only family in the superfamily Glacidorboidea. Glacidorboidea has been classified within the informal group Lower Heterobranchia in th ...
Ponder, 1986
***Superfamily
Lymnaeoidea
Lymnaeoidea, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic superfamily of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the superorder Hygrophila.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Superfamily
Planorboidea
Planorboidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
All of the gastropods in this superfamily are sinistral in shell coiling.
The monophyly of Planorboidea was confirmed by Albrecht et al ...
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Superfamily
Siphonarioidea
Siphonarioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Panpulmonata.
Distribution
The Siphonarioidea are broadly distributed across the globe, however they are known t ...
J.E. Gray, 1840
**Suborder
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.
Linnean taxonomy
*Suborder Eupulmonat ...
Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
**Suborder
Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948
***Superfamily
Onchidioidea Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1815
***Superfamily
Otinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
***Superfamily
Rathouisioidea Sarasin, 1889
References
''Gastropods on Land'' by G.M. Barker. Chapter 1 available online in PDF format*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132766
Obsolete gastropod taxa
Patellogastropoda
Mollusc subclasses
ru:Брюхоногие#Классификация