The Order of the Red Eagle (german: Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: ...

. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, or other achievements. As with most German (and most other European) orders, the Order of the Red Eagle could only be awarded to commissioned officers or civilians of approximately equivalent status. However, there was a medal of the order, which could be awarded to non-commissioned officers and enlisted men, lower ranking civil servants and other civilians.

History

The predecessor to the Order of the Red Eagle was founded on 17 November 1705, by the Margrave

Georg Wilhelm George William (german: Georg Wilhelm; 13 November 1595 – 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during ...

of Brandenburg-Bayreuth as the ''

Ordre de la Sincerité A suite, in Western classical music and jazz, is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral/concert band pieces. It originated in the late 14th century as a pairing of dance tunes and grew in scope to comprise up to five dances, sometimes with ...

''. This soon fell into disuse but was revived in 1712 in Brandenburg-Bayreuth and again in 1734 in Brandenburg-Ansbach, where it first received the name of "Order of the Brandenburg Red Eagle". The statutes were changed in 1777 and the order named therein as the "Order of the Red Eagle". The order was conferred in one class, limited to fifty knights. The

absorbed both Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Brandenburg-Ansbach in January 1792, and on 12 June 1792, King Frederick William II again revived the order as a Prussian royal order. After the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eagle was the second highest order of the kingdom in order of precedence. Every Knight of the Black Eagle now automatically became a member of the contemporary highest class of the Order of the Red Eagle. In 1810, King Frederick William III revised the statutes of the order, expanding it into three classes. In 1830, a breast star was authorized for the Second Class and the First Class General Honor Decoration became the Fourth Class of the order. The statutes were further revised in 1861, and a Grand Cross was established as the highest class of the order. By change to the statutes of the Order of the Black Eagle, every member of that order was automatically invested with the new Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle, as well as with the Order of the Prussian Crown. By 1918, an affiliated soldier's medal had been made available to commoners and enlisted men. Following the Kaiser's abdication at the close of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fig ...

, a new German constitution was signed into law on 11 August 1919, effectively putting a legal end to the monarchy. All orders and decorations formally conferred by the monarchy ceased to exist, but recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle continued to wear it with their other decorations during the eras of the

Weimar Republic The German Reich, commonly referred to as the Weimar Republic,, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also r ...

, the

Third Reich Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

, and the

restored republic ''Restored'' is the fourth studio album by American contemporary Christian music musician Jeremy Camp. It was released on November 16, 2004 by BEC Recordings. Track listing Standard release Enhanced edition Deluxe gold edition Standar ...

Classes

By the time of World War I, the order had evolved into four classes, two of them divided in two divisions each, and an affiliated medal: * 1st Class ** Grand Cross – enameled Maltese cross badge worn on a collar (the ''Kette'', or "chain") at ceremonial occasions or, at other formal occasions, on a sash on the right shoulder; plus a gilt, eight-pointed breast star worn on the left chest; typically awarded to male members of the royal family, to members of the Order of the Black Eagle, to noblemen, and to foreign royalty ** 1st Class – oversized, enameled cross pattée badge worn on a sash on the right shoulder, plus a silver, eight-pointed breast star on the left chest; available to general officers, high nobility, and heads of foreign state * 2nd Class – enameled cross pattée badge worn on a neck ribbon, plus a silver, four-pointed breast star on the left chest; available to general officers and nobility ** 2nd Class with star ** 2nd Class * 3rd Class – enameled cross pattée badge worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to (usually no lower than) field grade officers and minor nobility * 4th Class – non-enameled cross pattée badge worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to company grade officers * Medal – round gilt medal worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to enlisted men Within these seven grades, however, were a bewildering array of variations. Among these were: * All classes but the Medal of the Red Eagle Order could be awarded with swords for distinction in wartime. The swords passed through the arms of the cross behind the center medallion. * All classes above the 4th Class could be awarded with "Swords on Ring", indicating that the recipient of that class without swords had earlier received a lower class of the order with swords. A pair of crossed swords were worn above the cross on the suspension ring or above the medallion on the upper arm of the breast star. * All classes could be awarded with or without crown as an added distinction. * The Grand Cross, 1st and 2nd Class could be awarded with oak leaves, indicating prior receipt of the next lower class of the order, and/or with diamonds, as a special distinction. * Royal family members (who were automatically awarded the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle Order, per statute of the Order of the Black Eagle) were awarded the Grand Cross "with crown." The Maltese cross badge was suspended from a miniature of the Prussian crown, which covered the usual suspension ring. * The Grand Cross was awarded at least once with crossed marshals' batons, as was awarded to Paul von Hindenburg. The crossed batons were worn above the Maltese cross badge of the Grand Cross, on its suspension ring. * The 3rd Class could be awarded with bow (''Schleife''), indicating prior receipt of the 4th Class. * Knights of Saint John who received the Order of the Red Eagle and who had cared for sick and wounded soldiers in the Second Schleswig War and the

Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), (; "German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 186 ...

received the order with a miniature of the

Maltese cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which develop ...

. * For 50 years of service, a Red Eagle recipient received the "Jubilee Number" (''Jubiläumszahl''), a round medallion with the number "50" on it, affixed to the suspension ring or to the oak leaves or the ring of the bow, if applicable. There were also a set of special versions, the Stars 1st through 4th Class, for non-Christians.

Insignia

The badge of the order for the Grand Cross was a gold ( gilt after 1916)

enameled in white, with red enameled eagles between the arms of the cross; the gold central disc bore the Royal monogram, surrounded by a blue enameled ring bearing the motto of the Order, ''Sincere et Constanter''. The badge for the 1st to 3rd classes was a gold (gilt after 1916)

cross pattée A cross pattée, cross patty or cross paty, also known as a cross formy or cross formée (french: croix pattée, german: Tatzenkreuz), is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight ...

, enameled in white; that for the 4th class was similar but with smooth, plain silver arms. After 1879 the silver arms of the 4th class cross were pebbled in texture and appearance. The central disc bore the red eagle on a white enamel background on the obverse, with the royal cipher of King Friedrich Wilhelm surmounted by the Prussian crown on the reverse. The enlisted man's medal was of a relatively simple, round design, topped with the Prussian crown, with a depiction of the regular badge in the center of the medal on the obverse, with the royal cipher of the reigning monarch on the reverse. The breast star of the order was (for the Grand Cross) a golden eight-pointed star, (for 1st Class) a silver eight-pointed star, or (for 2nd Class) a silver four-pointed star with a white enameled cross pattée, all with straight rays. The central disc bore the red eagle on a white enamel background, surrounded by a ring (enameled blue for Grand Cross, white for the others) bearing the motto of the Order, ''Sincere et Constanter''. After September 16, 1848, awards of all classes (except the medal) bestowed for military merit had two golden swords crossed through the central medallion. The traditional ribbon of the order was white with two orange stripes at the edges, but combat awards were frequently conferred with a black and white ribbon similar to that of the Iron Cross. Numerous variations of the ribbon existed, depending on the nature of the specific award.

Sovereigns (1705–1918)

George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd President ...

(11/16/1678 – 12/18/1726), Sovereign of the ''Ordre de la Sincerité'', from November 17, 1705; and from 1712 to 12/18/1726. * Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (5/12/1712 – 8/3/1757), revived the Order as its Sovereign, 1734 – August 3, 1757, renamed the order as the Order of the Red Eagle (Roter Adlerorden) * Karl Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth (2/24/1736 – 1/5/1806), Sovereign from August 3, 1757 to January 16, 1791, when the two territories were annexed by Prussia * Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia (9/25/1744 – 11/16/1797), revived the Order as its first Sovereign as a Prussian order, June 12, 1792 – 11/16/1797 * Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (8/3/1770 – 6/7/1840), Sovereign from 11/16/1797 – 6/7/1840; revised the statutes in 1810 to add 2nd and 3rd classes; added 2nd class breast star and a 4th class, 1830 * Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (10/15/1795 – 1/2/1861), Sovereign from 6/7/1840 to 1/2/1861 * Wilhelm I, King of Prussia and German Emperor (3/22/1797 – 3/9/1888), Sovereign from 1/2/1861 to 3/9/1888; revised the statutes to add the Grand Cross, 1861 * Friedrich III, King of Prussia and German Emperor (10/18/1831 – 6/15/1888), Sovereign from January to June 1888 * Wilhelm II, King of Prussia & German Emperor (1859–1941), invested 1/27/1869; Sovereign from June 15, 1888 to November 28, 1918.

Recipients

;Grand Crosses * Abbas II of Egypt * Abdelaziz of Morocco * Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1811–1873) * Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948) * Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz * Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz * Albert I of Belgium * Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872) * Prince Albert of Saxe-Altenburg * Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906) * Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg * Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse * Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine * Prince Alexander of Prussia * Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld *

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* Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany * Prince Leopold of Bavaria *

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* Oscar II * Prince Oskar of Prussia * Alexander August Wilhelm von Pape * Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg * Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg *

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Ernst von Plener Ernst Baron von Plener (18 October 1841 in Eger, Bohemia – 29 April 1923 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian statesman, son of Ignaz von Plener. He was educated at Vienna and Berlin. He served in the diplomatic corps (1865–73) in the Paris ...

* Hugo von Pohl *

Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo Count Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo (french: Charles-André Pozzo de Borgo, russian: Карл Осипович Поццо ди Борго, ''Karl Osipovich Potso di Borgo''; 8 March 1764 – 15 February 1842) was a Corsican politician, who later ...

* Joseph Radetzky von Radetz * Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł *

Wilhelm Eugen Ludwig Ferdinand von Rohr Wilhelm Eugen Ludwig Ferdinand von Rohr (born 17 May 1783, Brandenburg an der Havel - died 15 March 1851, Glogau) was a Prussian general and minister of war. On 4 October 1842 he married Auguste Gräfin von Rittberg (1824–1906). Literature ...

* Willem Rooseboom * Saionji Kinmochi * Saitō Makoto * Friedrich von Scholtz * Ludwig von Schröder * Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary) * Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten * Hermann von Strantz * Vladimir Sukhomlinov * Julius von Verdy du Vernois *

Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière (25 February 1733 – 23 July 1811) was a Prussian field marshal who served in several wars of the 18th century and during the Napoleonic Wars. Stemming from a French Huguenot family; he notably held the fo ...

* William II, Elector of Hesse *

Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) Prince Louis William Augustus of Baden (german: Ludwig Wilhelm August Prinz von Baden; 18 December 1829 – 27 April 1897) was a Prussian general and politician. He was the father of Prince Maximilian of Baden, the last Minister President of the ...

Prince William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (3 October 1831 – 17 January 1890), was a German prince of the Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld branch of the House of Hesse, and '' Konteradmiral'' (counter admiral) of the Prussian and Imperial German Nav ...

* Ludwig von Wolzogen * Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857) *

Arthur Zimmermann Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917. His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War ...

;2nd Class * Akiyama Yoshifuru * Ilya I. Alekseyev * Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1771–1833) * William Balck * Martin Chales de Beaulieu * Paul Behncke * Konstantin von Benckendorff * Wilhelm von Bismarck * Friedrich Boedicker * Paul von Bruns * Hans von Bülow * Christian Conrad Sophus Danneskiold-Samsøe (1836-1908) * Evgraf Davydov * Hermann Deiters * Karl von Einem *

Ludwig Elster Ludwig Elster (26 March 1856 – 30 December 1935) was a Prussian economist and university lecturer. He also worked, between 1897 and 1916, as a senior officer in the Prussian Ministry for Religion, Education and Medical affairs. Biography Lu ...

Oskar Enqvist Oskar Wilhelm Enqvist (russian: О́скар Адо́льфович Энквист, Oskar Adolfovich Enkvist; 28 October 1849 – 3 March 1912) was a Finnish-Swedish admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, noted for his role in the Russo-Japanese Wa ...

* Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg *

Ivan Fullon Ivan Alexandrovich Fullon (July 23 (Aug. 4), 1844 – 1920) was an Imperial Russian division and corps commander. He participated in the suppression of the rebellion in Poland and the war against the Ottoman Empire. Awards *Order of Saint Anna, 4t ...

Georg Freiherr von Gayl Georg Freiherr von Gayl (25 February 1850, Berlin – 3 May 1927) was a Prussian officer, and General during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite. Awards * Iron Cross of 1870, 2nd class * Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class with O ...

Sidney Greville Sir Sidney Robert Greville (16 November 1866 – 12 June 1927) was a British civil servant and courtier who held several appointments in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. Greville was a younger son of George Greville, 4th Earl of W ...

* Wilhelm Groener * Erich von Gündell *

Ernst August Hagen Ernst August Hagen (12 April 1797 - 15 February 1880) was a Prussian writer on art and novelist. He taught at Königsberg University and was the first Prussian scholar to hold a teaching chair in Art history and Aesthetics. Family provenan ...

Friedrich von Hassel Friedrich Julius von Hassel (11 October 1833 – 14 October 1890) was a Lieutenant general in the Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian army. He spent most of his life as Friedrich Julius Hassel, but was raised to the Nobility by William I, German Emperor, ...

* Franz von Hipper * Eberhard von Hofacker * Oskar von Hutier * Paisi Kaysarov *

August von Kleist August Christoph Viktor von Kleist (February 19, 1818, Perkujki, Perkuiken - May 14, 1890, Potsdam) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian Major General Biography Ancestry August von Kleist descended from the female line of the dukes of Pomerani ...

Konstantin Poltoratsky Konstantin Markovich Poltoratsky (May 30, 1782 – March 15, 1858) was a Yaroslavl Military and Civil Governor (1830–1842), lieutenant general of the Imperial Russian Army, a participant of five wars, including the French invasion of Russia. B ...

* Hermann von Kuhl * Julius Kühn *

Alfred von Kühne Alfred von Kühne (2 January 1853 - 8 May 1945) was a Prussian General der Kavallerie who was active during World War I. He commanded the 13th Reserve Division and participated in the Siege of Maubeuge. Life Alfred Kühne was born on 2 January ...

Alexander Mikhailovich Lermontov Alexander Mikhailovich Lermontov (27 February 1838 – 26 December 1906) was an Imperial Russian division commander. He participated in the war against the Ottoman Empire. Awards *Order of Saint Anna, 3rd class, 1863 *Order of Saint Stanislaus ...

* Otto von Lossow * Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg *

Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley Major General The Honourable Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, (31 July 1857 – 19 March 1934) was a senior British Army officer. He saw extensive active service in many parts of world, including Afghanistan, South Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Ma ...

* Curt von Morgen *

Otto von Moser Otto von Moser (31 March 1860 – 11 October 1931) was a German army officer, originally from Stuttgart in Württemberg, who ended his army career as a lieutenant general. After the First World War he settled at Isny im Allgäu, near the fron ...

* Dmitry Neverovsky *

Georg Heinrich Ludwig Nicolovius Georg Heinrich Ludwig Nicolovius (13 January 1767 - 2 November 1839) was a senior Prussian whose responsibilities primarily encompassed church and school affairs. Life Family provenance and early years Ludwig Nicolovius was born in the capital ...

Ferdinand von Quast Alexander Ferdinand Ludolf von Quast (18 October 1850 – 27 March 1939) was a Prussian military officer, participant in the Franco-Prussian War and a general in the First World War. He commanded the German 6th Army during the Battle of the Lys ...

* Wilhelm von Ramming * Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz *

Nikolai Reitsenshtein Nikolai Karlovich Reitsenshtein (russian: Николай Карлович Рейценштейн; german: Nikolai Reitzenstein; 7 August 1854 – 26 November 1916) was a career naval officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, noted for his role durin ...

* Ludwig von Reuter *

Eduard Schensnovich Eduard Nikolayevich Schensnovich (russian: Эдуа́рд Никола́евич Щенсно́вич) ''Eduárd Nikoláevič Ščensnóvič'', occasionally transliterated as pl, Edward Nikołajewicz Szczęsnowicz) (January 6, 1852 – Januar ...

* Heinrich Scheuch * Ehrhard Schmidt * Leopold von Schrötter *

Carl Georg Schwing Carl Georg Schwing (born 7 October 1778 in Stralsund, Germany, died 8 May 1858) was a German jurist and mayor of Stralsund. Life Carl Georg Schwing was admitted to the High Tribunal in Greifswald as an advocate in 1804, and was appointed as distr ...

Arkady Skugarevsky Arkady Platonovich Skugarevsky ( Russian, Аркадий Платонович Скугаревский, 17 January 1847 – ) was an Imperial Russian division and corps commander. He fought in World War I against the Ottoman Empire and the Empire ...

* Wilhelm Souchon * Adolf von Trotha * Nikita Volkonsky * Oskar von Watter ;3rd Class * Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg *

Nikolai Dimitrievich Dabić Nikolai Dimitrievich Dabić (also spelled Dabitch or Dabich; Kherson, Imperial Russia, 23 April 1857 – Kherson, Imperial Russia, 1908) was a Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, decorated numerous ti ...

* Gunther von Etzel *

Victor Franke Erich Victor Carl August Franke (21 July 1865 – 7 August 1936) was a German military officer and last commander of the '' Schutztruppe'' in German South West Africa. Franke was born in Zuckmantel, Austrian Silesia. He was ''Bezirksamt ...

Hasan bey Agalarov Hasan bey Agalarov () was a Russian military leader of Azerbaijani origin, lieutenant general in Imperial Russian Army. He became the first Azerbaijani to be awarded the Order of St. George directly in the course of hostilities (distinguished himse ...

* Ernst von Hoeppner * Adolf Wild von Hohenborn *

Ferdinand Jühlke Ferdinand Jühlke (1 September 1815 - 12 June 1893) was a Prussian (after 1871 German) horticulturist. He devoted much of his career to teaching and also wrote a number of highly influential books on gardens and garden design, though it is fair ...

* Karl Wilhelm Heinrich von Kleist *

Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (theologian) Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (24 January 181612 July 1890) was a German Protestant theologian, pedagogue, poet and hymnwriter. He was for 38 years the director of a newly founded educational institution for women teachers in Droyßig. His Christm ...

Wilhelm Lamey Wilhelm Friedrich Paul Hubert Lamey (2 March 1854 – 14 August 1910) was a jurist in the Baden civil service. Family Born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Lamey was the son of (27 July 1816 – 14 January 1896), Geheimer Rat and interior minister of ...

* Leberecht Maass * Hugo Meurer *

Jan Willem Louis van Oordt Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Numb ...

* Ferdinand von Parseval *

Johann Heinrich Richartz Johann Heinrich Richartz (15 May 1796 – 22 April 1861) was a German businessman and patron of the arts, best known as the main funder of the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum. Life Business Johann Heinrich Richartz took over his father's business i ...

* Manfred von Richthofen * Alfred Saalwächter *

Eberhard Graf von Schmettow Bernhard Gottfried Max Hugo Eberhard, Graf von Schmettow, usually shortened to Eberhard Graf von Schmettow, (17 September 1861 – 21 January 1935) was a German general of World War I. Biography Eberhard von Schmettow was born in Halberstadt, Pru ...

Constantin von Tischendorf Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January 18157 December 1874) was a German biblical scholar. In 1844, he discovered the world's oldest and most complete Bible dated to around the mid-4th century and called Codex Sinaiticus ...

* Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein * Ferdinand Franz Wallraf ;Other or Unknown Classes * Konrad Adenauer *

Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev or Alexeyev (russian: Евге́ний Ива́нович Алексе́ев ( – May 27, 1917) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, viceroy of the Russian Far East, and commander-in-chief of Imperial Rus ...

* Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar * Marcos Antônio de Araújo, Viscount of Itajubá * Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein * Theodor Avellan * Karl Gustav von Baggovut * Pyotr Bagration *

Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (german: Fürst Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly; baptised – ) was an Imperial Russian soldier of Baltic German and Scottish origin, who was commander-in-chief and Minister of War of the Russian Empire ...

* Jacob Friedrich Behrend * Ernst von Bibra *

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Bismarck (28 July 1783 – 18 June 1860) was a German lieutenant general, diplomat and military writer. He wrote several major military-political works and military histories, which were very pro-Napoleon. Life He was ...

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Fürst von Wahlstatt (; 21 December 1742 – 12 September 1819), ''Graf'' (count), later elevated to ''Fürst'' (sovereign prince) von Wahlstatt, was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (field ...

Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke (18 February 1776 – 15 December 1830) was a Prussian general and the first recipient of the Iron Cross. Biography Borcke was born in Stargard, Province of Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia (today Poland) to E ...

Gustav Jacob Born Gustav Jacob Born (1851–1900) was a German histologist and author. He was the father of Max Born. Born was a native of Kempen (Kępno), Province of Posen. He received his education first at the gymnasium of Görlitz, Prussian Silesia, whe ...

* Władysław Grzegorz Branicki * Adolf von Brudermann * Rudolf von Brudermann *

Meno Burg Meno Burg (9 October 1789 – 26 August 1853), also referred to as Judenmajor (''Jew major''), was a Prussian field officer. Burg reached the highest rank ever attained by a Jew in the Prussian Army of the 19th century. However, his military care ...

* Paul von Buri * Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo * Yefim Chaplits * Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden * Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden * Christian of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (1752–1817) *

Gustav Cohn Gustav Cohn (12 December 1840 in Marienwerder, West Prussia – 17 September 1919) was a German economist, noted for his pioneering contributions to the theory and policy of transportation and public finance. He was educated at Berlin and Jena univ ...

* John Edmund Commerell *

Carl Emanuel Conrad Carl Emanuel Conrad (20 March 1810 - 12 July 1873), was an architectural painter. He instructed first in Berlin and afterwards at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, which he attended from 1835 till 1839. Both in this institution and at the Reals ...

Dmitry Bagration-Imeretinsky Prince Dmitry Bagration-Imeretinsky ( ka, დიმიტრი გიორგის ძე ბაგრატიონ-იმერეტინსკი) (1799–1845) was a Georgian royal prince ('' batonishvili'') of the royal Bagrationi dyna ...

Fleetwood Edwards Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Fleetwood Isham Edwards (21 April 1842 – 14 August 1910) was Keeper of the Privy Purse to Queen Victoria from 1895 to 1901. Early life and personal life After attending Harrow School, Edwards entered Royal Military Aca ...

* Karl Friedrich Eichhorn * Howard Craufurd Elphinstone *

Friedrich August Elsasser Friedrich August Elsasser (1810-1845), a painter of landscapes and architectural views, was born at Berlin and studied at the Academy of that city under Blechen, whose influence on art was at that time very great. In 1831 he went to Italy, and ...

* Grigori Engelhardt *

William Fane De Salis (admiral) Admiral Sir William Fane De Salis, (21 July 1858 – 23 January 1939), was a Royal Navy admiral during the early years of the First World War. Background A nephew of William Fane de Salis and third of the four sons of Rev. Henry Jerome Fane ...

* Walther Forstmann *

Frederick William III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Frederick William III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (4 November 1723 – 6 May 1757) was a son of Frederick William II and his wife, Ursula Anna of Dohna. He succeeded his father as Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck in ...

* Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck * Annibale de Gasparis *

Friedrich von Georgi Friedrich Freiherr von Georgi (27 January 1852 – 1926) was a General of the Austro-Hungarian Army. Biography He was born in Prague,Georgi, Friedrich Freiherr von, Austrian Biographical Dictionary 1815-1950 (1957) Volume 1, published by the A ...

* Jean-Léon Gérôme * Dmitry Golitsyn * James Grierson *

Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman(n) (28 February 1781 – 1 January 1856) was a German jurist, president of the Prussian Kammergericht (Court of Appeals), and ''Wirklicher Geheimer Rat'' (Real Privy Councilor). Born in Berlin, Brandenburg, Grolman ...

* Ian Hamilton (British Army officer) *

Carl Jacob Hammarsköld Carl Jacob Hammarsköld (1833–1884), also known as Charles J. Hammarskold, was a member of the prominent Hammarskjöld family, who in 1850 followed his father to the United States. He became an ironmaster and U.S. Postmaster in North Carolina ...

* Eduard Heis * William Hespeler *

Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Philip August Frederick (11 March 1779 – 15 December 1846) was Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg from 19 January 1839 until his death. He was a field marshal in the imperial Austrian army. Life He was the third son of Frederick V, Landgrave of He ...

* Paul von Hindenburg * Dietrich Hogemann * Heinrich Jacobi (archaeologist) * John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe * Rudolf Jordan (painter) * Archduke Joseph August of Austria * Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen * Thomas Kelly-Kenny * Colin Richard Keppel * Pyotr Kikin * Franz Körte * Semyon Kozak *

Prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen Kraft Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (2 January 1827 – 16 January 1892) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian general and military writer during the time of the German Empire. Early life Kraft Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was born ...

* Ignacy Krasicki * Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry * Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden * Gari Melchers *

Aleksey Melissino Aleksey Petrovich Melissino (russian: Алексей Петрович Мелиссино; c. 1759–1813) was a Russian military commander during the Patriotic War of 1812, advancing to the rank of major general. He was the last of the Melissino ...

Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (german: Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius; pl, Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongowiusz) (July 19, 1764 – June 3, 1855) was a Protestant pastor, writer, philosopher, distinguished linguist, and translator. Mrongoviu ...

* George Murray (British Army officer) * Charles Napier (Royal Navy officer) *

Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko (russian: Владимир Иванович Немирович-Данченко; , Ozurgeti – 25 April 1943, Moscow), was a Soviet and Russian theatre director, writer, pedagogue, playwright, producer a ...

* Daniel Nordlander *

Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken Fabian Gottlieb Fürst von der Osten-Sacken (russian: Фабиа́н Вильге́льмович О́стен-Са́кен, trasnlit=Fabián Vil'gél'movič Ósten-Sáken; – ) was a Baltic German Field Marshal who led the Russian army a ...

* Charles Sprague Pearce * Karl von Plettenberg * Kazimierz Porębski *

George Edward Post George Edward Post (1838–1909) was an American surgeon, academic and botanist. Biography George Edward Post was born in New York City on December 17, 1838, the son of Alfred Charles Post. He was a Professor of Surgery at the Syrian Prot ...

* Dighton Probyn *

Antoni Radziwiłł Prince Antoni Henryk Radziwiłł (; 13 June 1775 – 7 April 1833) was a Polish and Prussian noble, aristocrat, musician, and politician. Initially an hereditary Duke of Nieśwież and Ołyka, as a scion of the Radziwiłł family he also h ...

* Pablo Riccheri * Julius Roeting * Carl Ludwig Sahl * John Francis Charles, 7th Count de Salis-Soglio *

Peter, 5th Count de Salis-Soglio Peter John Fane de Salis, (5th) Count de Salis-Soglio, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, DL, JP, G.C.J.J., K.R.E. (26 February 1799 – 24 December 1870) was a mercenary soldier and landowner in Middlesex and the Irish counties Limerick and Arm ...

* Max Sandreczky *

Aleksei Scherbatov Prince Aleksei Grigorievich Scherbatov (russian: Князь Алексей Григорьевич Щербатов; 1776-1848) was a Russian imperial general during the Napoleonic Wars and November Uprising The November Uprising (1830–31 ...

* Ernst Christian Julius Schering * Albert Schulz * Manuel Silvela y Le Vielleuze * Mikhail Skobelev * Pavlo Skoropadskyi *

Thomas Smith-Dorrien-Smith Lieutenant Thomas Algernon Smith-Dorrien-Smith (7 February 1846 – 6 August 1918) was Lord Proprietor of the Isles of Scilly from 1872 until his death in 1918. Family Thomas Algernon Smith-Dorrien-Smith was born on 7 February 1846 at Berkha ...

* Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer *

Konstantin Stanislavski Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski ( Alekseyev; russian: Константин Сергеевич Станиславский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈgʲejɪvʲɪtɕ stənʲɪˈslafskʲɪj; 7 August 1938) was a seminal Soviet Russian th ...

Wolfgang Straßmann Wolfgang Straßmann (8 October 1821 – 6 December 1885) was a German physician and liberal politician. He fought in the March Revolution of 1848 and the First Schleswig War. In 1877, he became a member of the Prussian House of Representatives ...

Ludwig August von Stutterheim Ludwig August von Stutterheim served Frederick the Great and his successors in the War of Bavarian Succession, the Kościuszko Uprising, and the wars of the Fourth and Sixth coalitions. In 1794 he earned the prestigious Pour le Mérite award f ...

* Wilhelm Ternite *

Otto Tschirch Otto Tschirch (4 June 1858 – 13 March 1941) was a German pedagogue, historian and archivist. Alongside his general teaching, his particular specialism was the history of Brandenburg an der Havel and of the Margraviate of Brandenburg more general ...

Diedrich Uhlhorn Diedrich Uhlhorn (3 June 1764 – 1837) was a German engineer, mechanic and inventor. Life Uhlhorn was an engineer, mechanic and inventor, who invented in 1817 the first mechanical tachometer. Between 1817 and 1830 he was inventor of the ...

* Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marquis of Vega de Armijo *

Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst Jan Joseph Godfried, Baron van Voorst tot Voorst Jr. (29 December 1880 – 11 November 1963) was the second highest officer in command of the Dutch armed forces during World War II and a renowned strategist, who wrote numerous articles a ...

* Baldwin Wake Walker *

Ricardo Wall Richard Wall y Devereux (5 November 1694 – 26 December 1777) was a Spanish-Irish cavalry officer, diplomat and minister who rose in Spanish royal service to become Chief Minister. He is usually referred to as Ricardo Wall. Early life Wall be ...

Friedrich Wilhelm Weber Friedrich Wilhelm Weber (25 December 1813 – 5 April 1894) was a German doctor, politician of the Prussian House of Deputies, and poet. Weber was born in Alshausen, near Bad Driburg, in Westphalia. His father was forester for the Count o ...

* Friedrich Wigger *

Wilhelm II, German Emperor Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and List of monarchs of Prussia, King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until Abdication of Wilhelm II, his abdication on 9 ...

* Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet *

Oskar von Xylander Oskar Ritter und Edler von Xylander (16 January 1856 – 22 May 1940) was a Bavarian General der Infanterie, at last commanding the I Royal Bavarian Corps until his retirement in 1918. Biography Von Xylander was born in Mainz as son of Haup ...

* Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov * Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan What follows are some additional details on a fair cross section of individuals who were known to be conferred with the order in its several classes, in order of precedence. The Order of the Red Eagle was conferred frequently upon foreign nationals, both royal and non-royal, to honor their individual position or work and to further the diplomatic relations with their respective nations, in much the same way that the

Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate medieval ceremony for appointing a knight, which involved bathing (as a symbol of purification) as ...

is still conferred by the British monarchy.

Grand Cross (1861–1918)

German / Prussian * Empress Augusta (1811–1890), wife and empress consort of Kaiser Wilhelm I * GFM Albrecht Theodore Emil, Graf von Roon (1803–1879) – previous 3rd Class Knight, automatically awarded the Grand Cross in conjunction with being awarded with the Order of the Black Eagle, ca 1866, for service during the war with Austria, immediately after his success at the battle of Nikolsburg. *

Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel Otto Theodor von Manteuffel (3 February 1805 – 26 November 1882) was a conservative Prussian statesman, serving nearly a decade as prime minister. Biography Born into an aristocratic family in Lübben (Spreewald), Manteuffel attended the Landes ...

(1805–1882), Prussian Minister of the Interior (Prime Minister), 1848; awarded the Grand Cross, with Scepter and Crown, by Friedrich Wilhelm IV * Prince Heinrich of Prussia, second son of Friedrich III and brother of Wilhelm II * Empress Augusta Viktoria (1858–1921), wife and empress consort of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), German statesman, Prussian chancellor and prime minister of the German Empire * Max von Fabeck (1854–1916), with oakleaves, Prussian General * Gen-Lt. Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin (1838–1917), aviator, inventor of the airship, and founder of Zeppelin Airship Company * GFM (later Reichspräsident) Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934), invested with the Grand Cross, with Oak Leaves and Swords * Gustav von Senden-Bibran (1847–1909) with oak leaves and swords, was an admiral of the German Imperial Navy * GFM Helmuth von Moltke (the Elder), (1800–1891), Chief of the German General Staff * Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Crown Prince of the German Empire (1882–1951), invested c. his 10th birthday, 1892 * Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia (1883–1942), second son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948), third son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia (1887–1949), fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Prince Oskar of Prussia (1888–1958), fifth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Bernhard Freiherr von Bülow (1849–1929), Minister of Foreign Affairs, conferred, January 6, 1898, for his successes in advancing relations with China. * Prince Joachim of Prussia (1890–1920), sixth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Dr. Karl Heinrich Schönstedt, Prussian Minister of Justice, invested with the Grand Cross of the Order on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Ernst Frhr von Hammerstein-Loxten (1827–1914), Prussian Minister of Agriculture, conferred on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Arthur Count von Posadowsky-Wehner (1845–1932), Prussian Minister of the Interior and Vice Chancellor, conferred on the occasion of Kairser Wilhelm II´s birthday, January 27, 1902 * Prince Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia (1891–1927), nephew of Kaiser Wilhelm II, pilot during the Great War, invested with the Grand Cross with Crown * Paul von Breitenbach (1850–1930), German Statesman; invested with the Grand Cross of the Order, 1913, by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle * Großadmiral Alfred von Tirpitz (1849–1930); conferred with the Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Cross, with Crown; also conferred with the Order of the Black Eagle * Korvettenkapitän Gerhard Stubenrauch (b. 1880) – previously awarded the Knight's Cross, 4th Class, Stubenrauch was the commander of all naval aviation in the Kaiserlich Marine Foreign * George IV, King of Great Britain (1762–1830), invested 6/9/1814 * William IV, King of Great Britain (1765–1837), invested 6/9/1814 *

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (, ; 2 February 1754 – 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French clergyman, politician and leading diplomat. After studying theology, he became Agent-General of the C ...

, Prince Talleyrand (France) * Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Prince Metternich-Winnebourg-Ochsenhausen (German: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein), Austrian Foreign Minister, 1809–1848 * Prince Andreas Rasoumoffsky (1752–1836), PC (Russia) * Gustavus, Count de Stackelberg, PC (Russia) * Karl, Count of Nesselrode (1780–1862), Privy Councilor (Russia) * Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh & Saxe-Coburg_Gotha (1844–1900, GB), invested 5/7/1864 * Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (1845–1894) * Gen Sir Dighton Probyn (1833–1924), VC, GCB – invested at GC / 1st Class (India / GB) * Gen. Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny (1840–1914), (GB) * Edward VII, King of Great Britain (1841–1910), invested 1/17/1869 * Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942, GB), invested 1873 * Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853–1884, GB), invested 3/31/1879 * Prince Arthur of Connaught (1883–1938, GB), invested 1/13/1883 * Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa (1847–1895), Japanese imperial family and soldier, invested December 1889 * Marquis Itō Hirobumi (1841–1909), Prime Minister of Japan, received the GC 12/22/1886, later received the GC in brilliants 12/14/1901 * Marquis Yamagata Aritomo (1838–1922), Prime Minister of Japan, invested June 1899 * Viscount Aoki Shūzō (1844–1914), Japanese minister to Berlin, received the GC 1/26/1895, later received the GC in brilliants 6/18/1897 * The Guangxu Emperor (1871–1908), 11th Qing Emperor of China, invested 1898 * First Class Marquis Suyi Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Chinese politician and diplomat, invested 6/14/1896 * Yuan Shikai (1859–1916), Chinese politician and general * Nikolay Karlovich Giers (1820–1895), Russian Foreign Minister and architect of the Franco-Russian Alliance; Grand Cross (by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle), July 23, 1888 *

Prince Alfred of Edinburgh Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert; 15 October 1874 – 6 February 1899), was the son and heir apparent of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He died aged 24 under circumstances still ...

(1874–1899, GB), invested June 1889 *

, King of Great Britain (1865–1936), invested 7/3/1890 * Alexander, Duke of Fife (1849–1912, GB), invested 1892 * Gen.-Lt. Constantin von Alvensleben (1809–1892), invested with the Grand Cross, 1892, by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle * FM Archduke Friedrich of Austria-Hungary (1856–1936), GC / 1st Class (also held the Ord of the Black Eagle from October 22, 1892) – invested c. 1895 *

, President of Mexico (1876–1880, 1884–1911) * St John Brodrick, British Secretary of State for War (1856–1942), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. *

Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, (Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus; 13 August 1868 – 24 October 1927), born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later the Duke of Teck, was a relative of the Britis ...

(formerly Prince Adolphus Duke of Teck) (1868–1927, GB), invested 1903 * Count Katsura Tarō (1848–1913), Japanese politician and soldier, October 4, 1906 * Haakon VII, King of Norway (1872–1957), invested 5/27/1907 * Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI - Nizam (sovereign prince) of Hyderabad, a principality in India; honorary (British and Indian) lieutenant general, invested 1911 * Albert I, King of the Belgians (1875–1934) * LTG Rt. Hon Charles William Stewart, Lord Stewart (GB) British soldier, politician and nobleman, great-grandfather of Winston Churchill * MG Carl Löwenhielm, Count of Löwenhielm (Sweden / Norway) * Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria-Hungary (1830–1916) * Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse & by Rhine (1837–1892), son-in-law of Queen Victoria; brother-in-law of Friedrich III; uncle of Wilhelm II * Gen der INF Otto von Bülow – Nov 15, 1917, by statute regarding conferral of the Order of the Black Eagle * Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1868–1937), grandson of Queen Victoria, husband of Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh, cousin of Kaiser Wilhelm II, invested with the Grand Cross or the 1st Class (?) * General der Infanterie Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin (1851–1936), awarded the Grand Cross by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle, conferred, 1917 * Prince Leopold of Bavaria (1846–1930); Awarded the Grand Cross with Swords; also a member of the Order of the Black Eagle * Prince Franz of Bavaria (1875–1957); awarded the Grand Cross by statute of the Order of Black Eagle * Naser al-Din Shah (1831–1896), Shah of

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkme ...

(1848–1896) * Mozaffar al-Din Shah (1853–1907), Shah of

(1896–1907) * Pavlo Skoropadskyi, hetman of the Ukrainian State. Granted in 1918 * Marcos Antônio de Araújo, Viscount of Itajubá. Ambassador of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil to the King of Hanover and King of Prussia.

Knights 1st Class (1705–1918)

German * Wilhelm Frhr von Humboldt (1767–1835) (Prussia), German language scholar and statesman * Karl August, Prince of Hardenburg (1750–1822), Chancellor of State (Prussia), 1804–1806; 1807; and 1810–1822 * Ernst von Pfuel - Prussian

general A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". O ...

and Prime Minister of Prussia, awarded the 1st Class with Oak Leaves (1836) and Diamonds (1842). Previously awarded the 2nd Class with Oak Leaves (1830) and Star (1831); 3rd Class (1827) * Ludwig von Massow, awarded the 1st Class with Oak Leaves * Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse (1806–1877), awarded the 1st Class with Swords * Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, awarded the Order, 1st Class, with Oak Leaves, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 (Source: New York Times) * Dr. Studt, Minister of Public Instruction, awarded the Order, 1st Class, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Count Hochberg, awarded the Order, 1st Class, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Generalleutnant á la suite Viktor Adolph Theophil von Podbielski (1844–1916), hussar general, Prussian Minister of Agriculture, Postmaster General, and President of the German Olympic Committee; awarded 1st Class with oak leaves and crossed swords, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II´s birthday January 27, 1902 * Theodor von Holleben, German Ambassador to the United States; awarded 1st Class with oak leaves after the visit of

Prince Henry of Prussia Prince Henry of Prussia can refer to: *Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802) *Prince Henry of Prussia (1747–1767) *Prince Henry of Prussia (1781–1846) *Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929) *Prince Henry of Prussia (1900–1904) Prince Henry ...

to the US, March 1902. * Baron

Hermann Speck von Sternburg Hermann Speck von Sternburg (21 August 1852 Leeds, England – 23 August 1908 Heidelberg, Germany) was a German diplomat. Education Sternburg was educated in the Fürstenschule Saint Afra, Meissen, Saxony, and the military academy of Potsdam. ...

, Prussian Consul to Calcutta, German Ambassador to the United States, awarded the 1st Class, Jan 5, 1903 *

Anton von Werner Anton Alexander von Werner (9 May 18434 January 1915) was a German painter known for his history paintings of notable political and military events in the Kingdom of Prussia.Fulbrook, Mary and John Breuilly (1997) ''German History Since 1800'' ...

(1871–1914), awarded the Order, 1st Class, 1912; previously awarded the 2nd Class * GenObst Felix Graf von Bothmer of Bavaria (1852–1937), conferred with the Order, 1st Class, January 17, 1914 * Gen-Lt Philipp von Hellingrath of Bavaria (1862–1939), awarded the 1st Class with Swords, Nov 14, 1918; previously awarded the 2nd Class (7 Jun 1914) * Henry William, Baron de Bülow awarded the Order 1st Class, Envoy Extraordinary & Minister Plenipotentiary to Her Majesty Queen Victoria * Eduard von Jachmann, Prussian Vice Admiral, awarded 1st Class with Swords Foreign Giustino Fortunato Senior

* Prince Talleyrand of France, Envoy of Emperor Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte) of the French, to Russia, 1807; conferred with both the Order of the Black Eagle and the Red Eagle, before 1807 * Prince Alexander Borisovich Kourakin of Russia, Envoy of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, to France, 1807; conferred with both the Black Eagle Order and Red Eagle Order, before 1807 * Prince Leopold of Belgium (future Leopold II), Duke of Brabant, awarded the Order, 1st Class * Count Maximilian van Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Chamberlain to the King of Bavaria, and envoy to the United States; conferred before 1845 * Giustino Fortunato (1777–1862), prime minister of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, conferred with the Red Eagle Order in 1850 * Lieutenant General

Pierre-Dominique Bazaine Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (Пётр Петрович Базен) (1786–1838) was a French scientist and engineer. Early life He was born 13 January 1786, in the town of Scy-sur-Moselle, son of Pierre Bazaine (1760-1832) and Francoise Gilb ...

(1786–1838) French mathematician and engineer * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, awarded the Order, 1st Class (for non-Christians), 1851 * Vicomte Vincent-Victor Henri de Vaublanc, Chamberlain to the King of Bavaria, October 21, 1856 * Kemal Effendi, Turkish Ambassador to Berlin, awarded the Order, 1st Class (for non-Christians), July 2, 1857 * Prince Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan (1850–1918), son of Naser al-Din Shah, King of Persia. * President Paul Kruger (1825–1904), President of the Transvaal (first award in 1884, elevated to First Class in 1896) * Marquis Saionji Kinmochi (1849–1940), Japanese minister to Berlin, October 15, 1891 *

Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon Edward Hyde Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon, (11 February 1846 – 2 October 1914), styled Lord Hyde between 1846 and 1870, was a British Liberal Unionist politician from the Villiers family. He served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household b ...

(1846-1914), Lord-in-Waiting, in connection with the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II to the United Kingdom in late 1899. * Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Marshall, Colonel of the 1st Royal Dragoons, in connection with the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II to the United Kingdom in late 1899. * Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny (1840–1914), Adjutant-general of the British Forces, invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. * Lieutenant-General Sir John French (1852–1925), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. * Baron Saitō Makoto (1858–1936), Japanese Navy Minister, February 26, 1907 *

Liang Cheng Liang Cheng (November 30, 1864 – February 3, 1917), courtesy name Liang Chentung, also known as Liang Pi Yuk, and later as Chentung Liang Cheng, was a Chinese ambassador to the United States during the Qing dynasty. He was primarily respo ...

(1864–1917), Chinese minister to Berlin, March 6, 1913

Knights 2nd Class (1810–1918)

German * Mayer Carl Frhr von Rothschild (1820–1886), King's Court-Banker for Frankfurt, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), August 14, 1857 * Dr. Albert Sigismund Jaspis (1809–1885), Generalsuperintendant of Pommern in Stettin, awarded the 2nd Class, with Bow, by Kaiser Wilhelm I, 1/18/1863 *

(1871–1914), court painter to the Prussian royal family; awarded the Order 2nd Class, Jan 20, 1895, and awarded the breast star of the 2nd Class, Mar 30, 1902 * Johann Heinrich Frhr von Bernstorff (1862–1939), Ambassador to the United States, conferred with the Order, 2nd Class, on December 24, 1909 * Gen der INF Otto von Below (1857–1944), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with oak leaves and with breast star, bef. 1914 * Gen. der INF Karl Rttr von Fasbender of Bavaria (1852–1933), conferred with the Order, 2nd Class, with Crown, and with breast star * Gen der INF Paul Rttr von Kuenßl of Bavaria (1862–1928), awarded the 2nd Class with swords, 12 JUN 1915; previously awarded the 4th Class, pre-World War I * Gen-Lt Nikolaus Rttr von Endres of Bavaria (1862–1938), awarded the 2nd Class with swords24 AUG 1917; previously awarded the 3rd Class with swords, pre-World War I * Gen-Lt (later Gen der KAV)

(1853-1945); awarded the 2nd Class in 1912 when he first retired from the army. * Gen der Kav Ludwig Freiherr von Gebsattel of Bavaria (1857–1930), awarded the 2nd Class with breast star; previously awarded the 3rd Class with Crown * Gen-Lt (later Gen der KAV)

Otto von Stetten Otto von Stetten (16 March 1862 – 7 August 1937) was a German General of the Cavalry in World War I. Family background Otto was the son of the Bavarian ''Kammerjunker'' Friedrich von Stetten and his wife Adele (née Hohe). In 1915, he married ...

of Bavaria (1862–1937); awarded the 2nd Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Lt ( and later Gen der ARTy) Hermann frhr von Stein (1859–1928); awarded the 2nd Class with swords & the 2nd Class breast star with swords, 20 JAN 1917; previously awarded the 3rd Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Maj ( later Gen-Lt) Ludwig Rttr von Tutschek of Bavaria (1864–1937); awarded the 2nd Class with Swords, 3 Feb 1917; previously awarded the 4th Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Lt (later Gen der INF) Hermann von Kuhl (1858–1956); awarded the 2nd Class with Oak Leaves and swords, and the 2nd Class breast star, 15 JAN 1916 & 12 JAN 1918 * Gen-Lt Wilhelm Gröner of Württemberg (1867–1939), awarded the 2nd Class with Crown & Swords, and with breast star, 15 Jun 1918; previously awarded the 2nd Class w/o breast star (16 AUG 1917), 3rd Class (19 JUL 1913), 4th Class with Crown (17 Sep 1909); & 4th Class (11 SEP 1907) * Gen-Lt Constantin Wilhelm Albert Müller, awarded the breast star of the Order, 2nd Class, with Oak leaves and Swords, by Kaiser Wilhelm II, 10/23/1918; Previously awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords * Vice ADM Franz von Hipper (?), German hero of the Battle of the Jutland; awarded the Order, 2nd Class; previously awarded the 3rd Class with Bow and 4th Class with Crown * Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) and Admiral à la suite (honorary

ull Ull or ULL may refer to: University: * University of La Laguna, a university in Canary Islands, Spain * University of Louisiana at Lafayette, a research university in the USA Other: * Ullr or Ull, a Germanic god * Ull (Greyhawk), a political sta ...

Admiral) Bernhard Otto Curt von Prittwitz und Gaffron (1849–1922); veteran of the Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War, closely linked with Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) Prince Heinrich of Prussia, his frequent predecessor in various naval command stations. * Baron Guenther Heinrich von Berg (1765–1843) Statesman, Doctor of Law, Judge, Legislator. Invested 28 June 1820. * Bernard Hebeler (1794-1862) Prussian Consul-General awarded the Order 2nd Class, by Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1842 Foreign * Mustafa-ed-din Bey, Turkish First Dragoman, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), September 14, 1855 * Mohammed Essad Safvet-Effendi, Turkish Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), September 14, 1855 * Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe of Great Britain (1859–1935), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with swords, for actions in China during the Boxer Rebellion, where he served as a captain. * Captain Edward Henry Bayly,

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...

, Captain of HMS ''Aurora'', awarded the Order, 2nd class, with swords, for services in China during the Boxer Rebellion. * Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and scientist who was active in medicine, chemistry, mineralogy, and geology. * Frederick J.V. Skiff, Field Museum of Chicago, Paris Exhibition (1900) organizer, and Director of Exhibits, St. Louis Exhibition (1906), awarded 2nd Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair *

J.P. Morgan JP may refer to: Arts and media * ''JP'' (album), 2001, by American singer Jesse Powell * ''Jp'' (magazine), an American Jeep magazine * ''Jönköpings-Posten'', a Swedish newspaper * Judas Priest, an English heavy metal band * ''Jurassic Park ...

(1837–1913), American Banker, honored after giving an original letter from

Martin Luther Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation and the namesake of Luther ...

to Emperor Charles V back to Germany, June 26, 1911 * Nicholas Murray Butler, President of

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manha ...

, for building the exchange program between American and German professors, and winner of the 1931

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiolog ...

* Professor Hugo Münsterberg, Harvard Exchange Professor at Berlin, awarded the Order, 2nd Class, August 23, 1911 * James Speyer, American banker and president of the banking house Speyer & Company, awarded the 2nd Class, Jan 20, 1912 * His Princely Highness Pakubuwono X (1866–1939), the 10th Susuhunan, ruler of the past Surakarta (now in present Surakarta,

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with Star. * Wilhelm Freiherr Lenk von Wolfsberg (1809–1894), Austrian Feldzeugmeister, owner of the Corps Artillery Regiment No. 4 and scientist, awarded the 2nd Class in 1861 * Maj-Gen the Hon Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley CB, CMG, DSO, MVO (1857–1934) of Great Britain's

King's Royal Rifle Corps The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United S ...

. * Dudley Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth (1874–1935), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers.

Knights 3rd Class (1810–1918)

* Jan Willem Louis van Oordt (1808-1884), awarded the Knights Cross, 3rd Class, for services to the Imperial Navy, 1850 * Major (later Field Marshal) Albrecht von Roon (1803–1879) – awarded the Knights Cross, 3rd Class for actions and service during the Baden insurrection, 1848 * Oberst (Colonel) Louis Lust, commander of the Captain-Cadet School, awarded the Knight's Cross, 3rd Class, with Bow, by Kaiser Wilhelm I, 12/19/1878 * Captain Hans-Wilhelm von Dresky (later Rear Admiral) – awarded the Knight's Cross, 3rd Class, with swords and ribbon, for actions while in command of the cruiser SMS Habicht. * Hermann von Wissmann, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, September 3, 1894 * Oberst Friedrich von Scholl, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, 1895 * Oberst Pavel, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in Cameroon, 1902 * Hauptmann (army Captain) Franke, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, for actions in South West Africa (Namibia), 1904 * Käptain zur Sea (naval Captain) Pohl, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in East Asia, 1905 AdmiralSirWilliamDeSalis

* Oberst (future Generalleutnant) Constantin Wilhelm Albert von Müller, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in Cameroon, 1905 * John Schroers, Chairman of Education and the Educational Congresses, and later Director of the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 3rd Class, Feb 23, 1905, for work with the

St. Louis World's Fair The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. Local, state, and federal funds totaling $15 milli ...

* Oberstleutnant von Estorff, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in South West Africa, 1905 * Howard J. Rogers, Chief of the Department of Education & Social Economics, involved with St. Louis Exhibition (1906); awarded the 3rd Class, Jan. 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Oberst Constantin von Falkenhayn, commander of 5. Badisches Infantry-Regiment Nr 113, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow, June 1913 * Georg, Crown Prince of Greece (Later King George II of Greece), awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, 1913 * Gen der Art.

Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen (24 November 1862 – 21 February 1953) was a Bavarian Army general in World War I. He served as Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Bavarian Army before World War I and commanded the elite Alpenkorps, the Im ...

of Bavaria (1862–1953); Received the Order, 3rd Class, before World War I * Gen der Kav Ludwig Freiherr von Gebsattel, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown; later awarded the 2nd Class with breast star * Oberst (later Gen-Maj) Hans Rttr von Hemmer of Bavaria (1869–1931); awarded 3rd Class with swords, 15 MAY 1915; previously awarded the 4th Class, pre-World War I * R-Adm Franz von Hipper; awarded the 3rd Class with Crown, date unknown * Oberst (Colonel) Richard Franz Joseph Haegele, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (two times black, three white striped ribbon), 12/14/1916 * Oberst Scmidt, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (2 x black, 3 x white), 12/22/1917 * Rittmeister (cavalry Captain) Manfred Albrecht Frhr von Richthofen (1892–1918) also known as "The Red Baron", awarded the 3rd Class, with Crown & Swords, for earning an unprecedented 70th aerial victory as Germany's top fighter ace of the Great War, April 6, 1918. This was one of only two such awards during the Great War for someone of company grade rank. * Oberst Klehmet, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (2 x black, 3 x white), 5/25/1918 * Oberstleutnant Maercker, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions during the Great War, November 16, 1918 * Mathew Kiely, Chief of Police St. Louis, Missouri (1901–1906), received the Order 3rd Class for his department's commendable performance during the 1902 visit of Prince Henry * Lt.Col. E. H. Swayne, Somerset Light Infantry without swords * Lt.Col. George Limbrey Sclater-Booth, 2nd Baron Basing, 1st The Royal Dragoons without swords

Knights 4th Class (1830–1918)

* Maj. E.D.Bally, Somerset Light Infantry * Sevki Bey, District Governor of Aclun (Northern Syria, Ottoman Empire), awarded the 4th Class * Dr. Ernst Freiherr von Bibra 1854 (1806 – 1878) was a German Naturalist ( Natural history scientist) and author. Ernst was a botanist, zoologist, metallurgist, chemist, geographer, travel writer, novelist, duellist, art collector and trailblazer in ethnopsychopharmacology. * Hauptmann Curt von Brandenstein, 1879-1964, Pour le Me'rite 26.9.1918, HOH w/ Swords, Hessian Bravery medal, Leibregiment Grossherzogin (3. Grossherzoglich Hessisches) Nr.117 * Captain von Dresky (later Rear Admiral) – awarded the 4th Class, with swords, for actions at Miang while in command of the cruiser SMS ''Habicht'' * Hauptmann (Captain) Constantin von Falkenhayn, awarded the 4th Class, for service in the Füsilier-Regiment Fürst Karl-Anton von Hohenzollern (Hohenzollernsches) Nr 40, January 1900 * Rittmeister Richard Franz Joseph Haegele, awarded the 4th Class, 10/21/1901, for service as commander of the East Asian Field Bakery in the Prussian Army; Later awarded the 4th Class with Swords, for actions in South West Africa (modern day Namibia) * Heinrich Johannes Halke, awarded the 4th Class, 1/18/1886 * Rittmeister (later Generalmajor) Arthur Hay, prior-enlisted cavalry officer, May 12, 1901 * General Wilhelm Heye, awarded the 4th Class with swords * Leutnant Paul von Hindenburg (later GFM & Reichspräsident) – awarded the 4th Class, with swords, after actions against the Austrians at Königrätz, July 3, 1866 * Charles John Hexamer (1862-1921), co-founded and first president of the National German-American Alliance, awarded in 1904 * Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916), first Curator of Fishes at the Smithsonian Institution; Director of the Forestry and Fisheries exhibit at the Paris Exhibition, 1900; Chief of the Departments of Fish, Game and Forestry, St. Louis World's Fair, 1902–05; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * First Lieutenant

Carl Hermann Arthur Finster Carl Hermann Arthur Finster (25 March 1865 – 21 February 1929) known as CH, Arthur Finster served in the German diplomatic corps as a consulate secretary and as a reservist in the Imperial Prussian Army. He was awarded the Order of the Red Ea ...

(1865-1929), Author and Diplomat, 1908 *

Joseph Austin Holmes Joseph Austin Holmes (January 23, 1859 – July 15, 1915) was a geologist and occupational safety and health pioneer, best known as the first director of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. He is the namesake of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association cr ...

(1859–1915), geologist, and first director of the Bureau of Mines, credited with advances in mine safety, and for the slogan "Safety First"; Chief of Mines and Metallurgy at the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * F.D. Hirschberg, Chairman of Reception and Entertainment, St Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Prof.

Otto Jaekel Otto Max Johannes Jaekel (21 February 1863 – 6 March 1929) was a German paleontologist and geologist. Biography Jaekel was born in Neusalz (Nowa Sól), Prussian Silesia, the son of a builder and the youngest of seven children. He studied at t ...

(1863-1929), geologist and paleontologist, awarded April 3, 1913 * Obst-Lt (later Gen der Artillerie) Friedrich Frhr. Kreß von Kressenstein of Bavaria (1870–1948); awarded the 4th Class prior to World War I * John H. McGibbons, Secretary of Awards for Division of Exhibitions, St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Lt.Col. Hon.

George Henry Morris Lieutenant-Colonel The Hon. George Henry Morris (16 July 1872 – 1 September 1914) was the first commanding officer to lead an Irish Guards battalion into battle. Early life George Henry Morris was born in Spiddal, County Galway, Ireland, ...

, Irish Guards * Dr.

Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, also known as Louis Pfeiffer (4 July 1805 – 2 October 1877), was a German physician, botanist and conchologist. Early life, Education & Medical Career Louis Pfeiffer was born in Cassel, the eldest son of the jurist ...

, botanist and conchologist, 1875 * Premierleutnant (First Lieutenant) Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron, awarded the 4th Class in 1864 * Carl Friedrich Rohte, awarded the 4th Class, 8/22/1907, for service to the Crown * Hermann Aleksander Eduard von Salza, Russian Navy, 1910 * Ernst Friederich Ludwig Scheyder, Amtsrat, presented with Red Eagle August 10, 1911, for dedicated service to the crown *

Frederick Winslow Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer. He was widely known for his methods to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. In 1909, Taylor summed up h ...

(1856–1915), mechanical engineer; President of the American Society of mechanical Engineers, who is credited for innovations in management principles; awarded the 4th Class, Jan. 12, 1906, for work with St. Louis World's Fair * Adolf Werner (Artillery Officer), awarded the 4th Class, 1904 * Lt.Col. L.E.C.Worthington-Wilmer, Somerset Light Infantry Image:Red_Eagle-Certificate.jpg, Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class, certificate given to Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Scheyder in 1911 Image:Ernst-Friedrich-Ludwig-Scheyder-Photo.jpg, Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Scheyder

Medal for Enlisted Men

* Musicmeister Jacob Peuppus, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Feldwebel August Keller, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Sergenten Maximilian Büchert, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Wachtmeister Otto Grieszing, 1. Schwerin Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern; awarded November 16, 1900 * Matthias Kürmeher, 4. Infanterie-Regiments, König Wilhelm von Württemberg; awarded June 15, 1903 * Karl Lemnitz, 2. Fuß-Artillerie-Regiments, Königliche von Preußen; awarded June 15, 1903 * Fortunatus Klun, Hof-Saal-Kammerdiener, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Adolf Zimmerman, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Thomas Drozda, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Franz Fahnier, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Josef Kramlinger, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Josef Blaha, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Georg Schögl, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903

Sources

* ''Atlantic Daily News'', October 31, 1906. New York: Hamburg-American Line. Available on the Internet: https://earlyradiohistory.us/1906hamb.htm * Danner, David. ''Recipients of the Military Max Josef Order in World War I''. available on the Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20090524233821/http://home.att.net/~ordersandmedals/MMJO/MMJO1-2.htm * Der Rittmeister Militaria, LLC. Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20080105133048/http://www.derrittmeister.com/home.htm * ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 11th Ed. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica Company, 1911 * ''Encyclopedia Americana''. New York: The Encyclopedia American Corporation, 1918. p. 673 * ''Haandbuch des Allerhöchsten Hofes und des Hofstaates Seiner K. und K. Apostoliscen Majistät, fur 1906''. Vienna: Empire of Austria-Hungary, 1903 * ''Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat für das Jahr 1918''. (1918 Prussian State Handbook) Berlin, 1918. * Index of Royal Colonels of Commonwealth Land Forces. Available on the Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20080202130333/http://regiments.org/biography/royals/colchief.htm * ''Journal of the Medals and Orders Society of America'', Vol 52, No. 3, pp. 16 – 17. On the Internet: http://www.medalnet.net/Red_Eagle_Order_Haegele.htm * Marquis, Albert Nelson. ''Who's Who in New England''. 2nd Ed. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1916 * ''New York Times'' Archives. New York: New York Times. January 8, 1898; January 28, 1900; December 25, 1909; August 24, 1911. Available on the Internet: https://query.nytimes.com/search/query?frow=0&n=10&srcht=s&daterange=period&query=Red+Eagle+Order&srchst=p&hdlquery=&bylquery=&mon1=09&day1=18&year1=1851&mon2=12&day2=31&year2=1980&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 * Schulze Ising, Andreas M. ''Imperial German Orders, Medals, and Decorations''. Martinsville, Virginia: Available on the Internet: http://www.medalnet.net/Red_Eagle_Order_3rd_crown_swords.htm
Treaty between France and Russia
Tilsit, July 7, 1807. * ''Verordnungsblatt des Königlich bayerischen Kriegsministeriums'', Munich: Kingdom of Bavaria, 1900 * ''Verordnungsblatt des Königlich bayerischen Kriegsministeriums'', Munich: Kingdom of Bavaria, 1903

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Red Eagle Red Eagle Red Eagle Kingdom of Prussia Awards established in 1792 1792 establishments in Prussia