MureÈ™ County
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MureÈ™ County (, , ) is a county (''
judeÈ› A (, plural ) is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova. There are 41 in Romania, divided into municipii (municipalities), ''ora ...
'') of
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
, in the
historical region History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...
of
Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...
, with the administrative centre in
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical ''judeÈ›'' (
county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...
) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous MureÈ™-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the
People's Republic of Romania The Socialist Republic of Romania (, RSR) was a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist One-party state, one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was ...
. Mureș County has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and
Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons (; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer SÃ¥ksen'' or simply ''Soxen'', singularly ''Sox'' or ''Soax''; Transylvanian Landler dialect, Transylvanian Landler: ''Soxn'' or ''Soxisch''; ; seldom ''sa ...
, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.


Name

In Hungarian, it is known as ''Maros megye'' (), and in
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
as ''Kreis Mieresch''. Under
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
, a county with a similar name (
Maros-Torda County Maros-Torda was an administrative county ( comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (eastern Transylvania) and has been administratively succeeded by county MureÈ™ which consist of about half the territory o ...
, ) was created in 1876. There was a county with the same name under the
Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania () was a constitutional monarchy that existed from with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania, Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 wit ...
, and a Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region (1960–1968) under the
Socialist Republic of Romania The Socialist Republic of Romania (, RSR) was a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist One-party state, one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was ...
.


Geography

The county has a total area of . The northeastern side of the county consists of the Călimani and Gurghiu Mountains and the sub-Carpathian hills, members of the
Inner Eastern Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian mountains system. Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya S ...
. The rest of the county is part of the
Transylvanian Plateau The Transylvanian Plateau (; ) is a plateau in central Romania. Description The plateau lies within and takes its name from the historical region of Transylvania, and is almost entirely surrounded by the Eastern Carpathians, Eastern, Southern ...
, with deep but wide valleys. The main river crossing in the county is the
Mureș River Mureș may refer to: * Mureș County, Romania * Mureș (river) in Romania and Hungary (''Maros'') * Mureș culture, a Bronze Age culture from Romania See also * Târgu Mureș, the capital of Mureș County * Ocna Mureș, a town in Alba Cou ...
. The Târnava Mare River and the
Târnava Mică River The Târnava (full name in ; ; ; ) is a river in Romania. It is formed by the confluence of the Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică in the town of Blaj. The Târnava flows into the MureÈ™ after 23 km near the town of TeiuÈ™. The two source ...
also cross the county. Mureș County is bordered by seven other counties: Suceava, Harghita, Brașov, Sibiu, Alba, Cluj and Bistrița-Năsăud.


Neighbours

*
Harghita County Harghita County (, and , ) is a county () in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc. Demographics 2002 census In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a population density of ...
in the East. *
Alba County Alba County () is a county (judeÈ›) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania. Its capital is Alba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536. Name "Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the ...
and
Cluj County Cluj County () is a county () of Romania, in Transylvania. Its seat is Cluj-Napoca. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian it is known as ''Kolozs megye''. Under the Kingdom of Hungary, a county with an identical name (Kolozs County, ) existed s ...
in the West. *
Bistrița-Năsăud County Bistrița-Năsăud () is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Bistrița. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as ''Beszterce-Naszód megye'', and in German language, German as ''Kreis Bistritz-N ...
and
Suceava County Suceava County () is a county (') of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the Historical regions of Romania, historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the ...
in the North. *
Sibiu County Sibiu County () is a county () of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat () is the namesake town of Sibiu (). Name In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben megye'', and in German as ''Kreis Hermannstadt''. Under the ...
and
Brașov County Brașov County () is a county (județ) of Transylvania, Romania. Its capital city is Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" (''țări'') Burzenland and Făgăraș. Name In Hungarian language, Hungari ...
in the South.


Demographics

In
2022 The year began with another wave in the COVID-19 pandemic, with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, Omicron spreading rapidly and becoming the dominant variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide. Tracking a decrease in cases and deaths, 2022 saw ...
, the population of MureÈ™ County was registered as 518,193 people, 22,39% of them living in
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
, making it the sixteenth largest city in
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
, with a population of 116,033 people. The next city in the county by number of people is
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
, with 29,742 people, followed by
Sighișoara Sighișoara (; ; ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Schäsbrich'', ''Šesburχ'', or ''Scheeßprich''; ; or ) is a Municipiu, city on the Târnava Mare, Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the ...
, with 23,927 and then
Târnăveni Târnăveni (, historically Diciosânmartin; Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Dicsőszentmárton'', ; German language, German: ''Sankt Martin'', earlier ''Marteskirch'') is a Municipalities of Romania, city in Mureș County, central Romania. It li ...
, with 20,604. In terms of religion: * Romanian Orthodox – 53.3% *
Reformed Church Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Christian, Presbyterian, ...
– 27% *
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
– 9.5% * Other Christian denominations – 8.2% * Jewish, Muslim,
Atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
,
Non-religious Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, ration ...
, other, or undeclared – 1.9% Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(1,1,0) ImageSize = width:320 height:300 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:700000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:25000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1829 text:1829 bar:1846 text:1846 bar:1868 text:1868 bar:1890 text:1890 bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1910 text:1910 bar:1926 text:1926 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1829 from:0 till: 77823 bar:1846 from:0 till: 87400 bar:1868 from:0 till: 91000 bar:1890 from:0 till: 95581 bar:1900 from:0 till: 178096 bar:1910 from:0 till: 194072 bar:1926 from:0 till: 254801 PlotData= bar:1829 at: 77823 fontsize:S text: 77.823 shift:(-9,4) bar:1846 at: 87400 fontsize:S text: 87.400 shift:(-14,5) bar:1868 at: 91000 fontsize:S text: 91.000 shift:(-15,5) bar:1890 at: 95581 fontsize:S text: 95.581 shift:(-15,5) bar:1900 at: 178096 fontsize:S text: 178.096 shift:(-17,5) bar:1910 at: 194072 fontsize:S text: 194.072 shift:(-15,5) bar:1926 at: 254801 fontsize:S text: 254.801 shift:(-12,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Data- INSSE


Tourism

Some of the main tourist attractions in the county are: * The old city of
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
* The medieval city of
Sighișoara Sighișoara (; ; ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Schäsbrich'', ''Šesburχ'', or ''Scheeßprich''; ; or ) is a Municipiu, city on the Târnava Mare, Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the ...
* Sovata resort * The city of
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
* The medieval fortified church of Saschiz * Călimani Mountains – Gurghiu Mountains * The
Via Transilvanica Via Transilvanica 'The Transylvanian Trail' is a hiking trail that crosses the Transylvania, Bukovina and Banat regions of Romania, and is meant to promote their cultural, ethnic, historical and natural diversity. It was built between 2018 and ...
long-distance hiking and biking
trail A trail, also known as a path or track, is an unpaved lane or a small paved road (though it can also be a route along a navigable waterways) generally not intended for usage by motorized vehicles, usually passing through a natural area. Ho ...
, which crosses the county


Media


TV stations

The only cable provider in Târgu-Mureș is RCS&RDS, in Reghin is Gliga CATV, and in Sighișoara Teleson .


Radio stations


Târgu-Mureș stations


Print


Newspapers and magazines

* ''Cuvântul Liber'' * ''Zi de Zi'' * ''Ziarul de Mureș'' * ''Népújság'' * ''Krónika'' * ''Vásárhelyi Hírlap''


Economy

The predominant industries in the county are: * Wood industry * Food industry * Textiles * Glass and ceramics * Construction materials * Musical instruments (
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
) MureÈ™ County and
Sibiu County Sibiu County () is a county () of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat () is the namesake town of Sibiu (). Name In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben megye'', and in German as ''Kreis Hermannstadt''. Under the ...
together produce about 50% of the
natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...
developed in Romania.
Salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...
is also extracted in the county.


Politics

The MureÈ™ County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:


Administrative divisions

MureÈ™ County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 91 communes. Municipalities *
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
– county seat; population: 134,290 (as of 2011) *
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
*
Sighișoara Sighișoara (; ; ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Schäsbrich'', ''Šesburχ'', or ''Scheeßprich''; ; or ) is a Municipiu, city on the Târnava Mare, Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the ...
*
Târnăveni Târnăveni (, historically Diciosânmartin; Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Dicsőszentmárton'', ; German language, German: ''Sankt Martin'', earlier ''Marteskirch'') is a Municipalities of Romania, city in Mureș County, central Romania. It li ...
Towns *
Iernut Iernut (, ) is a town in Mureș County, central Transylvania, Romania. It administers eight villages: Cipău (''Maroscsapó''), Deag (''Marosdég''), Lechința (''Maroslekence''), Oarba de Mureș (''Marosorbó''), Porumbac (''Porumbáktanya''), ...
* Luduș * Miercurea Nirajului * Sângeorgiu de Pădure * Sărmașu * Sovata *
Ungheni Ungheni () is a municipality in Moldova. With a population of 35,157, it is the seventh largest town in Moldova and the seat of Ungheni District. There is a bridge across the Prut and a List of Moldova–Romania border crossings, border chec ...
Communes * Acățari * Adămuș * Albești * Aluniș *
Apold Apold () is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Apold, Daia (''Denndorf''; ''Dálya'' or ''Szászdálya''), Șaeș (''Schaas''; ''Segesd''), and Vulcan (''Wolkendorf''; ''Volkány''). The route of t ...
* Ațintiș * Bahnea * Band * Batoș * Băgaciu * Băla * Bălăușeri * Beica de Jos *
Bereni Bereni (; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It became an independent commune along with 6 other villages when it split from Măgherani (Nyárádmagyarós) in 2004. The commune is composed of seven vil ...
* Bichiș * Bogata * Brâncovenești *
Breaza Breaza () is a town in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. The town center consists of at least two former villages, ''Podu Vadului'' and ''Breaza de Sus'', which were later merged. Today, ten villages are administratively part of the town: Breaza ...
* Ceuașu de Câmpie * Chețani * Chibed * Chiheru de Jos * Coroisânmărtin * Corunca * Cozma * Crăciunești * Cucerdea * Crăiești * Cristești * Cuci *
Daneș Daneș ( Hungarian: ''Dános'', Hungarian pronunciation: ; ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania, near Sighișoara. It is composed of four villages: Criș, Daneș, Seleuș and Stejărenii (''Beșa'' until 1960). The route of the V ...
* Deda * Eremitu * Ernei * Fântânele * Fărăgău * Gălești * Gănești * Gheorghe Doja * Ghindari * Glodeni * Gornești * Grebenișu de Câmpie * Gurghiu * Hodac *
Hodoșa Hodoșa ( or colloquially ''Hodos'', Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania composed of four villages: Hodoșa, Ihod (''Ehed''), Isla (''Iszló''), and Sâmbriaș (''Jobbágytelke''). Geography The comm ...
* Ibănești * Iclănzel * Ideciu de Jos * Livezeni * Lunca * Lunca Bradului * Mădăraș *
Măgherani Măgherani ( or colloquially ''Magyarós'', Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania composed of three villages: *Măgherani *Șilea Nirajului / Nyárádselye *Torba / Torboszló In 2004, Bereni, along with ...
*
Mica Micas ( ) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as ''perfect basal cleavage''. Mica is co ...
*
Miheșu de Câmpie Miheșu de Câmpie (, Hungarian pronunciation: ; ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukra ...
*
NadeÈ™ NadeÈ™ (, Hungarian pronunciation: ; ) is a commune in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the ...
* Neaua * Ogra * Papiu Ilarian * Pănet *
Păsăreni Păsăreni (, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania composed of three villages: Bolintineni (''Nyárádbálintfalva''), Gălățeni (''Szentgerice''), and Păsăreni. Demographics According to the 2011 ...
* Petelea * Pogăceaua * Râciu * Răstolița * Rușii-Munți *
Sâncraiu de Mureș Sâncraiu (''Kalotaszentkirály'' in Hungarian language, Hungarian) is a commune in Romania, commune in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. The commune is located in the western part of the county, just south of Huedin and from the county seat, ...
* Sângeorgiu de Mureș * Sânger * Sânpaul * Sânpetru de Câmpie * Sântana de Mureș * Sărățeni * Saschiz * Solovăstru * Stânceni * Suplac * Suseni * Șăulia * Șincai * Tăureni * Valea Largă * Vânători *
Vărgata Vărgata (, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania composed of five villages: *Grâușorul / Búzaháza *Mitrești / Nyárádszentmárton *Vadu / Vadad *Valea / Jobbágyfalva *Vărgata History It for ...
* Vătava * Vețca * Viișoara * Voivodeni * Zagăr * Zau de Câmpie


Historical county

Historically, MureÅŸ-Turda County was located in the central-northern part of
Greater Romania Greater Romania () is the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union or the related pan-nationalist ideal of a nation-state which would incorporate all Romanian speakers.Irina LivezeanuCultural Politics in Greate ...
, in the central part of
Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...
. The capital was
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
. After the administrative unification law in 1925, it was renamed to MureÈ™ County, and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the south by
Târnava-Mică County Târnava-Mică County was a county (Romanian language, Romanian: ''județ'') in the Kingdom of Romania, the successor to Kis-Küküllő County of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Târnăveni, Diciosânmartin (now Târnăveni, in Mureș Coun ...
, on the southwest by Turda County, on the west by
Cluj County Cluj County () is a county () of Romania, in Transylvania. Its seat is Cluj-Napoca. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian it is known as ''Kolozs megye''. Under the Kingdom of Hungary, a county with an identical name (Kolozs County, ) existed s ...
, on the north by Năsăud County, on the northeast with the counties of
Câmpulung Câmpulung (also spelled ''Cîmpulung'', , , Old Romanian ''Dlăgopole'', ''Длъгополе'' (from Middle Bulgarian), or ''Câmpulung Muscel'') is a municipiu, city in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is attested on the Fra Mauro map fro ...
and NeamÈ›, and on the southeast with the counties of Ciuc and Odorhei. Most of the territory of the historical county is found in the present MureÈ™ County, except for the northeastern area, which is located in
Harghita County Harghita County (, and , ) is a county () in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc. Demographics 2002 census In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a population density of ...
, and the northwestern area in
Bistrița-Năsăud County Bistrița-Năsăud () is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Bistrița. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as ''Beszterce-Naszód megye'', and in German language, German as ''Kreis Bistritz-N ...
today.


History

Prior to
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, the territory of the county belonged to
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
and identical with the
Maros-Torda County Maros-Torda was an administrative county ( comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (eastern Transylvania) and has been administratively succeeded by county MureÈ™ which consist of about half the territory o ...
of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
. The territory of MureÈ™ County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the
Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (; ; ; ), often referred to in Hungary as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on the one side by Hungary ...
. In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ''ținuturi'' (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") – appointed directly by the King – instead of the prefects. Mureș County became part of Ținutul Mureș. In 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of
Northern Transylvania Northern Transylvania (, ) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946), Kingdom ...
under the
Second Vienna Award The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. On 30 August 1940, they assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania, including all of MaramureÈ™ and part of Cri ...
. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania, re-establishing the county. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 The Paris Peace Treaties () were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of World War II in 1945. The Paris Peace Conference lasted from 29 July until 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime Allied powers (principally the United Kingdom, ...
. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.


Administration

The county originally consisted of seven districts ('' plăși''):Portretul României Interbelice – Județul Mureș
/ref> #Plasa Band, headquartered at Band #Plasa Miercurea Nirajului, headquartered at Miercurea Nirajului #Plasa Râciu, headquartered at Râciu #Plasa Reghin, headquartered at
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
#Plasa Târgu Mureș (also called Plasa Mureș), headquartered at
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
#Plasa Teaca, headquartered at Teaca #Plasa Toplița, headquartered at Toplița A subsequent administrative adjustment added one district, divided Plasa Mureș into two, and divided Plasa Reghin into two, leaving ten districts: #Plasa Band, headquartered at Band #Plasa Gurhiu, headquartered at Gurghiu #Plasa Miercurea Nirajului, headquartered at Miercurea Nirajului #Plasa Mureș de Jos, headquartered at Mureșeni #Plasa Mureș de Sus, headquartered at
Târgu Mureș Târgu Mureș (, ; ; German language, German: ''Neumarkt am Mieresch'') is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the list of cities and towns in Romania, 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 ...
#Plasa Râciu, headquartered at Râciu #Plasa Reghin de Jos, headquartered at
Reghin Reghin (; , or ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Reen'') is a city in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, central Romania, on the MureÈ™ River. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,742, making it the second biggest city of the MureÈ™ county, just behind th ...
#Plasa Reghin de Sus, headquartered at Suseni #Plasa Teaca, headquartered at Teaca #Plasa Toplița, headquartered at Toplița The county had two urban localities: Târgu Mureş (a city) and Reghin (urban commune).


Population

According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 289,546, of which 45.8% were Romanians, 42.6% Hungarians, 3.9% Germans, 3.9% Romanies, 3.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. By mother tongue, the county population consisted of 45.9% Hungarian speakers, 45.5% Romanian speakers, 3.9% German speakers, 2.2% Yiddish speakers, and 2.1% Romany speakers.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 290-297 In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 32.4% Greek Catholic, 30.3% Reformed, 14.5% Eastern Orthodox, 12.1% Roman Catholic, 3.9% Lutheran, 3.6% Jewish, 2.6% Unitarian, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 666-669


Urban population

In 1930, the urban population of the county was 47,807, of which 54.3% were Hungarians, 24.3% Romanians, 13.4% Jews, 6.0% Germans, 1.1% Romanies, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian was spoken by 61.2% of the population, followed by Romanian, spoken by 23.6% of the population as mother tongue, Yiddish (7.4%) and German (6.2%). From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 32.6% Reformed, 20.1% Roman Catholic, 14.2% Greek Catholic, 14.2% Jewish, 10% Eastern Orthodox, 5.9% Lutheran, 2.3% Unitarian, as well as other minorities.


References


External links

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Euro Maros
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Mediatica News
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MureÅŸ Info
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MureÅŸ online
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mures County Counties of Romania Hungarian communities in Romania Geography of Transylvania 1925 establishments in Romania 1938 disestablishments in Romania 1944 establishments in Romania 1950 disestablishments in Romania 1968 establishments in Romania States and territories established in 1925 States and territories disestablished in 1938 States and territories established in 1944 States and territories disestablished in 1950 States and territories established in 1968