This is a list of chemists. It should include those who have been important to the development or practice of

chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, proper ...

. Their research or application has made significant contributions in the area of basic or applied chemistry. __NOTOC__

A

* Richard Abegg (1869–1910), German chemist * Frederick Abel (1827–1902), English chemist *

Friedrich Accum Friedrich Christian Accum or Frederick Accum (29 March 1769 – 28 June 1838) was a German chemist, whose most important achievements included advances in the field of gas lighting, efforts to keep processed foods free from dangerous additives, a ...

(1769–1838), German chemist, advances in the field of

gas lighting Gas lighting is the production of artificial light from combustion of a gaseous fuel, such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, propane, butane, acetylene, ethylene, coal gas (town gas) or natural gas. The light is produced either directly ...

Homer Burton Adkins Homer Burton Adkins (16 January 1892 – 10 August 1949) was an American chemist who studied the hydrogenation of organic compounds. Adkins was regarded as top in his field and a world authority on the hydrogenation of organic compounds. Adk ...

(1892–1949), American chemist, known for work in

hydrogenation Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic ...

organic compounds In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The s ...

Peter Agre Peter Agre (born January 30, 1949) is an American physician, Nobel Laureate, and molecular biologist, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and director ...

(born 1949), American chemist and doctor, 2003

Nobel Prize in Chemistry ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "M ...

Georgius Agricola Georgius Agricola (; born Georg Pawer or Georg Bauer; 24 March 1494 – 21 November 1555) was a German Humanist scholar, mineralogist and metallurgist. Born in the small town of Glauchau, in the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire ...

(1494–1555), German scholar known as "the father of mineralogy" * Natalie Ahn, American chemist * Arthur Aikin (1773–1855), English chemist and mineralogist * Adrien Albert (1907–1989), Australian medicinal chemist * John Albery (1936–2013), English physical chemist * Kurt Alder (1902–1958), German chemist, 1950

Jerome Alexander Sir Jerome Alexander (c.1585–1670) was an English-born barrister, judge and politician, who spent much of his career in Ireland (after he had been professionally ruined in England), and became a substantial Irish landowner. He was a noted bene ...

(1876–1959), American expert on the chemistry of

colloid A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, while others extend ...

s * Elmer Lucille Allen (born 1931), American chemist and ceramic artist * Heather C. Allen (born 1960), American chemist *

Adah Almutairi Adah Almutairi ( ar, غادة المطيري; born November 1, 1976) is an American scientist and professor at University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Her work focuses on nanomedicine, nanotechnology, chemistry and polymer science. Forbes h ...

(born 1976), American chemist *

Sidney Altman Sidney Altman (May 7, 1939 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American molecular biologist, who was the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989, he shared the Nobel Prize in ...

(1939–2022), 1989

Faiza Al-Kharafi Faiza Mohammed Al-Kharafi ( ar, فايزة الخرافي, translit=Fāyzah al-Kharāfī; born 1946) is a Kuwaiti chemist and academic. She was the president of Kuwait University from 1993 to 2002, and the first woman to head a major university ...

(born 1946), Kuwaiti chemist, academic and the first woman to head a major university in the Middle East * Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, American chemist * Gloria Long Anderson (born 1938), American chemist *

Christian B. Anfinsen Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. (March 26, 1916 – May 14, 1995) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William Howard Stein for work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the conne ...

(1916–1995), 1972

Angelo Angeli Angelo Angeli (20 August 1864 – 31 May 1931) was an Italian chemist. Angeli's salt and the Angeli–Rimini reaction are named after him. Scientific career Angeli studied in Padua, where he met the chemist Giacomo Luigi Ciamician. When C ...

(1864–1931), Italian chemist * Octavio Augusto Ceva Antunes, Brazilian chemist * Anthony Joseph Arduengo, III (born 1952), American chemist * Johan August Arfwedson (1792–1841), Swedish chemist *

Anton Eduard van Arkel Anton Eduard van Arkel, (19 November 1893 – 14 March 1976) was a Dutch chemist. Van Arkel suggested the names " pnictogen" and "pnictide" to refer to chemical elements in group 15 (the nitrogen group or nitrogen family) of the periodic table. ...

(1893–1976), Dutch chemist *

Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. He received the Nob ...

(1859–1927), Swedish chemist, one of the founders of

physical chemistry Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistica ...

Valerie Ashby Valerie Sheares Ashby is a chemist and university professor who currently serves as President of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She was the Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences at Duke University from 2015 to 2022 and for ...

(born 1965/1966), American chemist * Barbara Askins (born 1939), American chemist * Larned B. Asprey (1919–2005), American nuclear chemist * Alán Aspuru-Guzik (born 1976), computational chemist *

Francis William Aston Francis William Aston FRS (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes in many non-radioactive elements a ...

(1877–1945), 1922

* Karin Aurivillius (1920–1982), Swedish chemist and crystallographer *

Amedeo Avogadro Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (, also , ; 9 August 17769 July 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volume ...

(1776–1856), Italian chemist and physicist, discovered

Avogadro's law Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) or Avogadro-Ampère's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific ca ...

B

Stephen Moulton Babcock Stephen Moulton Babcock (22 October 1843 – 2 July 1931) was an American agricultural chemist. He is best known for developing the Babcock test, used to determine butterfat content in milk and cheese processing, and for the single-grain experime ...

(1843–1931), worked on the " single-grain experiment" * Myrtle Bachelder (1908–1997), American chemist noted for work on the Manhattan Project atomic bomb *

Werner Emmanuel Bachmann Werner Emmanuel Bachmann (November 13, 1901 – March 22, 1951) was an American chemist. Bachmann was born in Detroit, Michigan where he studied chemistry and chemical engineering at Wayne State University and later at the University of Michiga ...

(1901–1951), American chemist, known for work in

steroids A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and ...

and RDX * Simone Badal-McCreath, Jamaican chemist *

Leo Baekeland Leo Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 – February 23, 1944) was a Belgian chemist. He is best known for the inventions of Velox photographic paper in 1893, and Bakelite in 1907. He has been called "The Father of the Plastics Industry" ...

(1863–1944), Belgian-American chemist *

Adolf von Baeyer Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (; 31 October 1835 – 20 August 1917) was a German chemist who synthesised indigo and developed a nomenclature for cyclic compounds (that was subsequently extended and adopted as part of the IUPAC org ...

(1835–1917), German chemist, 1905

, synthesis of

indigo Indigo is a deep color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine, based on the ancient dye of the same name. The word "indigo" comes from the Latin word ''indicum'', ...

* Piero Baglioni (born 1952), Italian chemist * Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom (1854–1907), Dutch chemist *

Alice Ball Alice Augusta Ball (July 25, 1882 – December 31, 1916) was an American chemist who developed the "Ball Method", the most effective treatment for leprosy during the early 20th century. She was the first woman and first African American to rece ...

(1892–1916), African American chemist known for inventing an effective injectable treatment for leprosy * Emily Balskus (born 1980), American chemist and microbiologist * Zhenan Bao (born 1970), Chinese chemist known for developing technologies with

organic field-effect transistors An organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is a field-effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel. OFETs can be prepared either by vacuum evaporation of small molecules, by solution-casting of polymers or small molecules, or ...

and

organic semiconductors Organic semiconductors are solids whose building blocks are pi-bonded molecules or polymers made up by carbon and hydrogen atoms and – at times – heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. They exist in the form of molecular crystals or ...

Phil S. Baran Phil S. Baran (born August 10, 1977) is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute and Member of the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology.

(born 1977), American chemist known for synthesis, novel reactions and reagents * Coral Barbas, Spanish chemist *

Allen J. Bard Allen Joseph Bard (born December 18, 1933) is an American chemist. He is the Hackerman-Welch Regents Chair Professor and director of the Center for Electrochemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. Bard is considered a "father of modern el ...

(born 1933), 2008

Wolf Prize in Chemistry The Wolf Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Wolf Foundation in Israel. It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics and Arts ...

Vincenzo Barone Vincenzo Barone (b. 8 November 1952, Ancona) is an Italian chemist, active in the field of theoretical and computational chemistry. He became full professor of physical chemistry at the University of Naples in 1994, and professor of theoretical a ...

(born 1952), Italian chemist * Neil Bartlett (1932–2008), English/Canadian/American chemist *

Sir Derek Barton Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton (8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998) was an English organic chemist and Nobel Prize laureate for 1969. Education and early life Barton was born in Gravesend, Kent, to William Thomas and Maude Henrietta Barton ( ...

(1918–1998), 1969

Fred Basolo Fred Basolo (11 February 1920 – 27 February 2007) was an American inorganic chemist. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1943, under Prof. John C. Bailar, Jr. Basolo spent his professional career at Nort ...

(1920–2007), American inorganic chemist * Esther Batchelder (1897–1987), American chemist, educator and specialist in nutrition *

Antoine Baumé Antoine Baumé (26 February 172815 October 1804) was a French chemist. Life He was born at Senlis. He was apprenticed to the chemist Claude Joseph Geoffroy, and in 1752 was admitted a member of the École de Pharmacie, where in the same year h ...

(1728–1804), French chemist * Karl Bayer (1847–1904), Austrian chemist * Johann Joachim Becher (1635–1682), German who developed the

phlogiston theory The phlogiston theory is a superseded scientific theory that postulated the existence of a fire-like element called phlogiston () contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''bur ...

of combustion *

Kathryn Beers Kathryn L. Beers is an American polymer chemist. Beers is Leader of the Polymers and Complex Fluids group in the Materials Science and Engineering Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Her research interests include mic ...

, American polymer chemist *

Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Бейльштейн) (17 February 183818 October 1906), was a Russian chemist and founder of the famous ''Handbuch der organischen Chemie'' (''Handbook of Organic Chemistry''). T ...

(1838–1906), German-Russian chemist, created

Beilstein database The Beilstein database is the largest database in the field of organic chemistry, in which compounds are uniquely identified by their Beilstein Registry Number. The database covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present and contains ...

* Joseph Achille Le Bel (1847–1930), French chemist, early work in

stereochemistry Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. The study of stereochemistry focuses on the relationships between stereoi ...

* Angela Belcher, American chemist, materials scientist, and biological engineer * Irina Beletskaya (born 1933), Russian organometallic chemist * R. P. Bell (1907–1996), English physical chemist *

Francesco Bellini Francesco Bellini, (; born November 20, 1947) is an Italian-born research scientist, administrator, entrepreneur and Quebecer business man. A pioneer scientist-entrepreneur for Canadian bio-pharmaceutical industry, he was co-founder of Bioche ...

(born 1947), research scientist, doctor in organic chemistry *

Andrey Belozersky Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky (Андре́й Никола́евич Белозе́рский) (29 August, 1905 ( Tashkent, Turkestan region, Russian Empire) – 31 December, 1972 ( Moscow, Soviet Union)) was a Soviet biologist and biochem ...

(1905-1972), biochemist, doctor in biological sciences *

Ruth R. Benerito Ruth Mary Rogan Benerito (January 12, 1916 – October 5, 2013) was an American chemist and inventor known for her work related to the textile industry, notably including the development of wash-and-wear cotton fabrics. She held 55 patents. Pe ...

(1916–2013), American chemist known for inventions relating to textiles *

Paul Berg Paul Berg (born June 30, 1926) is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their con ...

(born 1926), 1980

* Friedrich Bergius (1884–1949), 1931

Helen M. Berman Helen Miriam Berman is a Board of Governors Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University and a former director of the RCSB Protein Data Bank (one of the member organizations of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank). A structural b ...

(born 1943), American chemist *

Marcellin Berthelot Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot (; 25 October 1827 – 18 March 1907) was a French chemist and Republican politician noted for the ThomsenBerthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substa ...

(1827–1907), French chemist, important work in

thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and boiling. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same. Thermochemistry focuses on ...

Claude Louis Berthollet Claude Louis Berthollet (, 9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822) was a Savoyard-French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804. He is known for his scientific contributions to theory of chemical equilibria via the mecha ...

(1748–1822), French chemist * Carolyn R. Bertozzi (born 1966) American chemist, Stanford * Guy Bertrand (born 1952) French chemist, UCSD * Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848), Swedish chemist, coined the term "

polymer A polymer (; Greek '' poly-'', "many" + '' -mer'', "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic a ...

" in 1833 * Johannes Martin Bijvoet (1892–1980), Dutch chemist and crystallographer * Leonora Bilger (1893–1975), American chemist who studied nitrogenous compounds * Hazel Bishop (1906–1998), American chemist and cosmetics inventor * Katherine Bitting (1869–1937), Canadian and American food chemist for the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Canners Association *

Joseph Black Joseph Black (16 April 1728 – 6 December 1799) was a Scottish physicist and chemist, known for his discoveries of magnesium, latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide. He was Professor of Anatomy and Chemistry at the University of Glas ...

(1728–1799), Scottish chemist * Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898–1979), American surface chemist and physicist and inventor of nonreflective glass * Suzanne Blum (born 1978), American chemist * Katharine Blunt (1876–1954), American chemist and nutritionist focusing on home economics, food chemistry and nutrition *

Herman Boerhaave Herman Boerhaave (, 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738Underwood, E. Ashworth. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years." ''The British Medical Journal'' 4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20395297.) was a Dutch botanist, ...

(1668–1738) Dutch chemist, botanist, Christian humanist & physician, first to isolate urea from urine * Kristie Boering (born 1963), American chemist and Earth and planetary scientist *

Dale L. Boger Dale Lester Boger is an American medicinal and organic chemist and former chair of the Department of Chemistry at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA. Dale Boger was born on August 22, 1953, in Hutchinson, Kansas. He studied chemistr ...

(born 1953), American organic and medicinal chemist * Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838–1912), French chemist * Jan Boldingh (1915–2003), Dutch chemist *

Alexander Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...

(1833–1887), Russian chemist and composer *

Hans-Joachim Born Hans-Joachim Born (8 May 1909 – 15 April 1987) was a German radiochemist trained and educated at the ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie''. Up to the end of World War II, he worked in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij's ''Abteilung f ...

(1909–1987), German radiochemist *

Carl Bosch Carl Bosch (; 27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest ...

(1872–1940), German chemist *

Octave Leopold Boudouard Octave Leopold Boudouard (1872–1923) was a French chemist known for his 1905 discovery of the Boudouard reaction. Career Octave Leopold Boudouard became a professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers A music school is an edu ...

(1872–1923), French chemist who discovered the Boudouard reaction *

Jean-Baptiste Boussingault Jean-Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné Boussingault (2 February 1801 – 11 May 1887) was a French chemist who made significant contributions to agricultural science, petroleum science and metallurgy. Biography Jean-Baptiste Boussingault – an agric ...

(1802–1887), French chemist, agricultural chemistry * E. J. Bowen (1898–1980), English physical chemist * Humphry Bowen (1929–2001), English analytical chemist *

Paul D. Boyer Paul Delos Boyer (July 31, 1918 – June 2, 2018) was an American biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on the "enzy ...

(1918–2018), 1997

* Robert Boyer (1909–1989), employee of

Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. By creating the first automobile that ...

focus on

soybean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu ...

use. *

Robert Boyle Robert Boyle (; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders ...

(1627–1691), Irish-English pioneer of modern chemistry *

Henri Braconnot Henri Braconnot (29 May 1780 – 13 January 1855) was a French chemist and pharmacist. He was born in Commercy, his father being a counsel at the local parliament. At the death of his father, in 1787, Henri began his instruction in an elementar ...

(1780–1855), French chemist and pharmacist * Henning Brand (c. 1630–c.1692 or c. 1710), German chemist, discovered

phosphorus Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Ea ...

* Mary Bidwell Breed (1870–1949), American chemist focusing on aromatic acids, first woman dean of Indiana University *

Ronald Breslow Ronald Charles David Breslow (March 14, 1931 – October 25, 2017) was an American chemist from Rahway, New Jersey. He was University Professor at Columbia University, where he was based in the Department of Chemistry and affiliated with the De ...

(1931–2017), American organic chemist * Alan Brisdon, British Chemist *

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (; 22 February 1879 – 17 December 1947) was a Danish physical chemist, who developed the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory simultaneously with and independently of Martin Lowry. Biography Brønsted was born ...

(1879–1947), Danish chemist *

Herbert C. Brown Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes. Life and career Brown was born Herbert Brovarnik in London, to Ukrainian Jewis ...

(1912–2004), 1979

* Jeannette Brown (born 1934), American organic medicinal chemist, historian, and author * Jeanette Grasselli Brown (born 1928), American analytical chemist and spectroscopist * Rachel Fuller Brown (1898–1980), American chemist who co-developed the first useful antifungal antibiotic *

Eduard Buchner Eduard Buchner (; 20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation. Biography Early years Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraor ...

(1860–1917), 1907

* Stephen L. Buchwald (born 1955), American Chemist, Organic Chemistry, co-discoverer of Palladium-catalyzed C-N bond formation

Buchwald–Hartwig amination In organic chemistry, the Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a chemical reaction for the synthesis of carbon–nitrogen bonds via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of amines with aryl halides. Although Pd-catalyzed C-N couplings were repor ...

* Mary Van Rensselaer Buell (1893–1969), American chemist who did early research in nutrition and physiological chemistry * Kathryn Bullock (born 1945), American chemist who co-developed valve-regulated lead-acid batteries *

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (; 30 March 1811 – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. The Buns ...

(1811–1899), German inventor, chemist, discovered the elements

caesium Caesium (IUPAC spelling) (or cesium in American English) is a chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only five elemental metals that a ...

and

rubidium Rubidium is the chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. It is a very soft, whitish-grey solid in the alkali metal group, similar to potassium and caesium. Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher ...

with

Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He ...

and invented the

Bunsen burner A Bunsen burner, named after Robert Bunsen, is a kind of ambient air gas burner used as laboratory equipment; it produces a single open gas flame, and is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion. The gas can be natural gas (which is ma ...

* Jeanne Burbank (1915–2002), American chemist who developed lead-acid and silver-zinc batteries for submarines at the United States Naval Research Laboratory * Stephanie Burns (born 1955), American organosilicon chemist and past honorary president of Society of Chemical Industry *

William Merriam Burton William Merriam Burton (November 17, 1865 – December 29, 1954) was an American chemist who developed a widely used thermal cracking process for crude oil. Burton was born in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1886, he received a Bachelor of Science d ...

(1865–1954), American chemist, developed the first

thermal cracking In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of ...

process for

crude oil Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude ...

Adolf Butenandt Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (; 24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government po ...

(1903–1995), 1939

* Alison Butler, American bioinorganic chemist and metallobiochemist *

Aleksandr Butlerov Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Бу́тлеров; 15 September 1828 – 17 August 1886) was a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure (1857–186 ...

(1828–1886), Russian chemist, discovered the

formose reaction The formose reaction, discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1861, and hence also known as the Butlerov reaction, involves the formation of sugars from formaldehyde. The term formose is a portmanteau of formaldehyde and aldose. Reaction and mechanism ...

C

Mary Letitia Caldwell Mary Letitia Caldwell (December 18, 1890 – July 1, 1972) was an American chemist. Growing up she valued education and strived to achieve. She was an instructor at Western College teaching chemistry. She was known for being unique and descriptiv ...

(1890–1972), American chemist who developed a method for purifying crystalline porcine pancreatic amylase * Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), American chemist, winner of 1961

Allison A. Campbell Allison A. Campbell (born 1963, in Portland, Oregon) is an American chemist who is known in the areas of biomineralization, biomimetics and biomaterials for her innovative work on bioactive coatings for medical implants. She is the acting associ ...

(born 1963), American chemist studying biomineralization, biomimetics and biomaterials *

Constantin Cândea Constantin Cândea (; December 15, 1887 – March 4, 1971) was a Romanian chemist, Professor of Chemistry, Ph.D. Engineer and later Rector at the Polytechnic University of Timișoara – formerly the Polytechnic School of Timișoara between 1 ...

(1887–1971), Romanian chemist * Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826–1910), Italian chemist, postulated the

Cannizzaro reaction The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. ...

Georg Ludwig Carius Georg Ludwig Carius (August 24, 1829 – April 24, 1875) was a German chemist born in Barbis, in the Kingdom of Hanover. He studied under Friedrich Wöhler and was assistant to Robert Bunsen for 6 years. He was Director of the Marburger Chemica ...

(1829–1875), German chemist * Heinrich Caro (1834–1910), German chemist *

Wallace Carothers Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist, inventor and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, who was credited with the invention of nylon. Carothers was a group leader at the DuPont Experimen ...

(1896–1937), American chemist, known for the discovery of

nylon Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides ( repeating units linked by amide links).The polyamides may be aliphatic or semi-aromatic. Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from pet ...

* Emma P. Carr (1880–1972), American spectroscopist * Marjorie Constance Caserio (1929–2021), American chemist, winner of the American Chemical Society's Garvan Medal * Marta Catellani, Italian chemist, discovered the

Catellani reaction The Catellani reaction was discovered by Marta Catellani ( Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy) and co-workers in 1997. The reaction uses aryl iodides to perform bi- or tri-functionalization, including C-H functionalization of the unsubstitute ...

Henry Cavendish Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "infl ...

(1731–1810), British scientist * Elena Ceaușescu (1916–1989), Romanian communist politician *

Thomas Cech Thomas Robert Cech (born December 8, 1947) is an American chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, ...

(born 1947), 1989

* Martin Chalfie (born 1947), 2008

* Michelle Chang (born 1977), American chemist, Professor of Chemistry,

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant un ...

* Yves Chauvin (1930–2015), 2005

* Michel Eugėne Chevreul (1786–1889), French chemist, designed an early form of soap, lived to be 102 * Christine S. Chow, American chemist *

Aaron Ciechanover Aaron Ciechanover ( ; he, אהרן צ'חנובר; born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for characterizing the method that cells use to degrade and recycle proteins using ubiquitin. Biography Earl ...

(born 1947), 2004

* Giacomo Luigi Ciamician (1857–1922) Italian chemist, father of the solar panel * G. Marius Clore FRS (born 1955), American

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

, known for foundational work in three-dimensional protein and nucleic acid structure determination by

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic fie ...

* Edward L. Cochran (born 1929), American chemist, known for pioneering studies on the nature of

free radicals In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spon ...

Ernst Cohen Ernst Julius Cohen ForMemRS (7 March 1869 – 6 March 1944) was a Dutch Jewish chemist known for his work on the allotropy of metals. Cohen studied chemistry under Svante Arrhenius in Stockholm, Henri Moissan at Paris, and Jacobus van't ...

(1869–1944), Dutch chemist (murdered in Auschwitz) *

Mildred Cohn Mildred Cohn (July 12, 1913 – October 12, 2009) was an American biochemist who furthered understanding of biochemical processes through her study of chemical reactions within animal cells. She was a pioneer in the use of nuclear magnetic re ...

(1913–2009), American chemist who studied chemical reactions within animal cells * David Collison, British chemist * Vicki Colvin (born 1965), Director of the Centre for Biomedical Engineering at Brown University *

James Bryant Conant James Bryant Conant (March 26, 1893 – February 11, 1978) was an American chemist, a transformative President of Harvard University, and the first U.S. Ambassador to West Germany. Conant obtained a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Harvard in 1916 ...

(1893–1978), American organic chemist,

Priestley Medal The Priestley Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and is awarded for distinguished service in the field of chemistry. Established in 1922, the award is named after Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen ...

1944 * Elias James Corey (born 1928), American organic chemist, winner of the 1990

* Robert Corey (1897–1971), American biochemist *

Carl Ferdinand Cori Carl Ferdinand Cori, ForMemRS (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physi ...

(1896–1984), Czech biochemist,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

in medicine 1947 *

Gerty Cori Gerty Theresa Cori (; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian and American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Me ...

(1896–1957), American biochemist,

in medicine 1947 * Charles D. Coryell (1912–1971), American chemist, co-discovered the element

promethium Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500–600 grams naturally occurring in Earth's crust at any given time. Promethium is one of onl ...

John Cornforth Sir John Warcup Cornforth Jr., (7 September 1917 – 8 December 2013) was an AustralianBritish chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions, becoming the only Nobel ...

(1917–2013), Australian winner of the 1975

* Brigid Cotter (1921–1978), Irish chemist and barrister * Frank Albert Cotton (1930–2007), 2000

Charles Coulson Charles Alfred Coulson (13 December 1910 – 7 January 1974) was a British applied mathematician and theoretical chemist. Coulson's major scientific work was as a pioneer of the application of the quantum theory of valency to problems of m ...

(1910–1974), British theoretical chemist *

Archibald Scott Couper Archibald Scott Couper (; 31 March 1831 – 11 March 1892) was a Scottish chemist who proposed an early theory of chemical structure and bonding. He developed the concepts of tetravalent carbon atoms linking together to form large molecules ...

(1831–1892), English chemist, further developed Tetravalence *

James Crafts James Mason Crafts (March 8, 1839 – June 20, 1917) was an American chemist, mostly known for developing the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with Charles Friedel in 1876. Biography James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamo ...

(1839–1917), American chemist, developer of

Friedel–Crafts reaction The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation react ...

* Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), American chemist, winner of the 1987

William Crookes Sir William Crookes (; 17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing t ...

(1832–1919), British chemist, discovered the element

thallium Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes an ...

Alexander Crum Brown Alexander Crum Brown FRSE FRS (26 March 1838 – 28 October 1922) was a Scottish organic chemist. Alexander Crum Brown Road in Edinburgh's King's Buildings complex is named after him. Early life and education Crum Brown was born at 4 Bellev ...

(1838–1922), Scottish organic chemist * Paul J. Crutzen (1933–2021), Dutch chemist, winner of the 1995

Ana Maria Cuervo Ana Maria Cuervo (born 14 July 1966) is a Spanish-American physician, researcher, and cell biologist. She is a professor in developmental and molecular miology, anatomy and structural biology, and medicine and co-director of the Institute for Agi ...

(born 1966), Spanish-American physician, researcher, and cell biologist *

Marie Curie Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the fir ...

(1867–1934), Polish radiation physicist, 1903

Nobel Prize in Physics ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then " ...

, 1911

Pierre Curie Pierre Curie ( , ; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, and Henri Becq ...

(1859–1906), 1903

Robert Curl Robert Floyd Curl Jr. (August 23, 1933 – July 3, 2022) was an American chemist who was Pitzer–Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry at Rice University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for ...

(born 1933), American chemist, winner of 1996

Theodor Curtius ''Geheimrat'' Julius Wilhelm Theodor Curtius (27 May 1857 – 8 February 1928) was professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg University and elsewhere. He published the Curtius rearrangement in 1890/1894 and also discovered diazoacetic acid, hydra ...

(1857–1928), German chemist *

Emil Czyrniański Emilian (also Emil) Czyrniański (Lemko ''Емілиян Чырняньскій'') (1824–1888) was a Polish chemist of Lemko descent, science writer, rector of the Jagiellonian University and co-founder of the Polish Academy of Learning. He is ...

(1824–1888), Polish chemist

D

Jeff Dahn Jeff Dahn (born in 1957 in the United States and emigrated to Nova Scotia, Canada in 1970) is a Professor in the Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science and the Department of Chemistry at Dalhousie University. He is recognized as one of the pio ...

(born 1957), American materials chemist noted for significant contributions to lithium-ion batteries *

John Dalton John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into Color blindness, colour blindness, which ...

(1766–1844), physicist and pioneer of the

atomic theory Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. Atomic theory traces its origins to an ancient philosophical tradition known as atomism. According to this idea, if one were to take a lump of matter ...

* Marie Maynard Daly (1921–2003), American biochemist and the first African American woman in the United States to earn a PhD in chemistry * Carl Peter Henrik Dam (1895–1976), Danish biochemist, winner of the 1943

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, accordi ...

* Vincenzo, Count Dandolo (1758–1819), Italian Nobleman and Chemist *

Samuel J. Danishefsky Samuel J. Danishefsky (born March 10, 1936) is an American chemist working as a professor at both Columbia University and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. Birth and education Samuel J. Danishefsky was born in 1936 i ...

(born 1936), American organic chemist, natural product

Total synthesis Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially-available precursors. It usually refers to a process not involving the aid of biological processes, which distinguishes i ...

, 1995/6

Humphry Davy Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for ...

(1778–1829), British chemist, discovered several alkaline earth metals * Raymond Davis, Jr. (1914–2006), American physical chemist * Serena DeBeer (born 1973, American chemist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion *

Peter Debye Peter Joseph William Debye (; ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Biography Early life Born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije in Maastricht, Netherland ...

(1884–1966), Dutch chemist, winner of the 1936

Johann Deisenhofer Johann Deisenhofer (; born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane p ...

(born 1943), 1988

* Margarita del Val (born 1959), Spanish

, immunologist, and virologist *

Nathalie Demassieux Nathalie Demassieux (1884–1961), was a chemist and French academic who specialized in mineral chemistry. She was, after Irène Joliot-Curie and Pauline Ramart, the third woman to obtain a position as a lecturer in a French university. In tribute ...

(1884–1961), French mineral chemist and academic *

James Dewar Sir James Dewar (20 September 1842 – 27 March 1923) was a British chemist and physicist. He is best known for his invention of the vacuum flask, which he used in conjunction with research into the liquefaction of gases. He also studied a ...

(1842–1923), British chemist and physicist *

François Diederich François Diederich (9 July 1952, in Ettelbruck – 23 September 2020) was a Luxembourgian chemist specializing in organic chemistry. Education He obtained both his diploma and PhD (first synthesis of Kekulene) from the University of Heidelb ...

(1952–2020), Luxembourg chemist *

Otto Diels Otto Paul Hermann Diels (; 23 January 1876 – 7 March 1954) was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels–Alder reaction, a method for diene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistr ...

(1876–1954), German chemist, winner of the 1950

* Robert Dirks (1978–2015), American computational chemist * Martha Doan (1872–1960), American chemist who studied thallium compounds *

William von Eggers Doering William von Eggers Doering (June 22, 1917 – January 3, 2011) was the Mallinckrodt Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University. Before Harvard, he taught at Columbia (1942–1952) and Yale (1952–1968). Doering was born in Fort Worth, Tex ...

(1917–2011), American chemist *

Edward Doisy Edward Adelbert Doisy (November 13, 1893 – October 23, 1986) was an American biochemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943 with Henrik Dam for their discovery of vitamin K (K from "Koagulations-Vitamin" in German) an ...

(1893– 1986), American biochemist, winner of the 1943

Davorin Dolar Davorin Dolar (January 1, 1921 – November 12, 2005) was a Slovenian chemist at the University of Ljubljana. He was a physical chemist who studied polyelectrolyte solutions. He is regarded as a founder of modern physical chemistry teaching in Slov ...

(1921–2005), chemist from University of Ljubljana * Vy Maria Dong (born 1976), American chemist who studies enantioselective catalysis and natural product synthesis * David Adriaan van Dorp (1915–1995), Dutch chemist * Israel Dostrovsky (1918–2010), Russian (Ukraine)-born Israeli physical chemist, fifth president of the

Weizmann Institute of Science The Weizmann Institute of Science ( he, מכון ויצמן למדע ''Machon Vaitzman LeMada'') is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, 14 years before the State of Israel. It differs from other Israeli unive ...

Herbert Henry Dow Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-born American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical. He was a graduate of Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, ...

(1866–1930), American industrial chemist, known for

bromine Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest element in group 17 of the periodic table ( halogens) and is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a simi ...

extraction *

Cornelius Drebbel Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel ( ) (1572 – 7 November 1633) was a Dutch engineer and inventor. He was the builder of the first operational submarine in 1620 and an innovator who contributed to the development of measurement and control systems, ...

(1572–1633), Dutch inventor, alchemist and chemist * Vratislav Ducháček (1941–2018), Czech chemist *

Carl Duisberg Friedrich Carl Duisberg (29 September 1861 – 19 March 1935) was a German chemist and industrialist. Life Duisberg was born in Barmen, Germany. From 1879 to 1882, he studied at the Georg August University of Göttingen and Friedrich Schiller Un ...

(1861–1935), German chemist, early administrative industrial chemist *

Jean Baptiste Dumas Jean Baptiste André Dumas (14 July 180010 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring v ...

(1800–1884), French chemist, work on atomic weights * Helen Dyer (1895–1998), American biochemist and early cancer researcher

E

* Sandra Eaton, American chemist notable for work on electron paramagnetic resonance * Eilaf Egap, American chemist *

Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich (; 14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a Nobel Prize-winning German physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Among his foremost achievements were finding a cure ...

(1854–1915), German chemist, winner of the 1908

Arthur Eichengrün Arthur Eichengrün (13 August 1867 – 23 December 1949) was a German Jewish chemist, materials scientist, and inventor. He is known for developing the highly successful anti-gonorrhea drug Protargol, the standard treatment for 50 years until th ...

(1867–1949), German chemist *

Manfred Eigen Manfred Eigen (; 9 May 1927 – 6 February 2019) was a German biophysical chemist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on measuring fast chemical reactions. Eigen's research helped solve major problems in physical chemistry and ...

(1927–2019), German chemist, winner of the 1967

Mostafa El-Sayed Mostafa A. El-Sayed (Arabic: مصطفى السيد) is an Egyptian-American physical chemist, a leading nanoscience researcher, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a US National Medal of Science laureate. He was the editor-in-chief ...

(born 1933), Egyptian-American physical chemist * Fausto Elhuyar (1755–1833), Spanish chemist, discoverer of

tungsten Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively as compounds with other elements. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first isol ...

* Lorne Elias, Canadian chemist, inventor of the explosives vapour detector EVD-1 *

Gertrude B. Elion Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovat ...

(1918–1999), American biochemist and recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine *

Conrad Elvehjem Conrad Arnold Elvehjem (May 27, 1901July 27, 1962) was internationally known as an American biochemist in nutrition. In 1937 he identified two vitamins, nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, and nicotinamide, which were deficient directly in hum ...

(1901–1962), American biochemist, discovered

niacin Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. It can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variet ...

Harry Julius Emeléus Harry Julius Emeléus CBE, FRS (22 June 1903 – 2 December 1993) was a leading English inorganic chemist and a professor in the department of chemistry, Cambridge University. Early life Emeléus was born in Poplar, London on 22 June 1903, t ...

(1903–1993), British inorganic chemist *

Gladys Anderson Emerson Gladys Ludwina Anderson Emerson (July 1, 1903 – January 18, 1984) was an American historian, biochemist and nutritionist who researched the impact of vitamins on the body. She was the first person to isolate Vitamin E in a pure form, and won th ...

(1903–1984), American chemist and early nutritionist, and the first person to isolate Vitamin E * Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), German chemist *

Richard R. Ernst Richard Robert Ernst (14 August 1933 – 4 June 2021) was a Swiss physical chemist and Nobel Laureate. Ernst was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his contributions towards the development of Fourier transform nuclear magnetic ...

(1933–2021), 1991

* Gerhard Ertl (born 1936), German physical chemist, 2007

Nobel prize in chemistry ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "M ...

* Margaret C. Etter (1943–1992), American chemist and developer of solid state chemistry for crystalline organic compounds *

Hans von Euler-Chelpin Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (15 February 1873 – 6 November 1964) was a German-born Swedish biochemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Arthur Harden for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and enzy ...

(1873–1964), Swedish chemist, winner of the 1929

* Henry Eyring (1901–1981), Mexican-American theoretical chemist

F

* Kazimierz Fajans (1887–1975), Polish-American physical chemist *

Michael Faraday Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic inducti ...

(1791–1867), chemist and physicist, discovered

Benzene Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms ...

Hermann von Fehling Hermann von Fehling (9 June 1812 – 1 July 1885) was a German chemist, famous as the developer of Fehling's solution used for estimation of sugar. Biography Hermann von Fehling was born in Lübeck. With the intention of taking up pharmacy he ...

(1812–1885), German chemist *

John Bennett Fenn John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917December 10, 2010) was an American professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectro ...

(1917–2010), 2002

Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" an ...

(1901–1954), Nuclear Chemist and Elementary Particle Physicist,

1938 *

Mary Peters Fieser Mary Peters Fieser (May 27, 1909 – March 22, 1997) was an American chemist best known for the many books she wrote with her husband Louis Fieser. Biography She was born Mary Peters in 1909 in Atchison, Kansas.. Her father, Robert Peters, was a ...

(1909–1997), American chemist and author of chemistry books * Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, Canadian-American atmospheric chemist *

Hermann Emil Fischer Hermann Emil Louis Fischer (; 9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He also developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of draw ...

(1852–1919), 1902

, (actual name Hermann Emil Fischer, see below) not to be confused with: *

Franz Joseph Emil Fischer Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau – 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist. He was the founder and first director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research. He is known for the discovery of t ...

(1877–1947), German chemist, co-discovered the Fischer–Tropsch process * Emily V. Fischer (born 1979/1980), American chemist notable for work on the WE-CAN project and on peroxyacetyl nitrate * Ernst Gottfried Fischer (1754–1831), German chemist * Ernst Otto Fischer (1918–2007), German chemist, 1973

winner * Hans Fischer (1881–1945), German organic chemist, 1930

winner * Nellie Ivy Fisher (1907–1995), London-born industrial chemist *

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig (6 December 183519 November 1910) was a German chemist. He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl. Fittig studied the action of sodium on ketones and hydrocarbons. He discovered the Fit ...

(1835–1910), German chemist, co-discovered Wurtz–Fittig reaction * Edith M. Flanigen (born 1929), American chemist known for synthesizing emeralds and zeolites *

Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy Antoine is a French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West Greenland, Haiti, French Guiana ...

(1775–1809), co-discovered the element

Iridium Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density o ...

and developed modern chemical notation *

Nicolas Flamel Nicolas Flamel (; 1330 – 22 March 1418) was a French scribe and manuscript-seller. After his death, Flamel developed a reputation as an alchemist believed to have created and discovered the philosopher's stone and to have thereby achieved im ...

(c. 1330–1418), French

alchemist Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim ...

Paul Flory Paul John Flory (June 19, 1910 – September 9, 1985) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate who was known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was a leading pioneer in understanding the behavior of polymers in so ...

(1910–1985), 1974

* Maria Forsyth, Australian researcher, new plastic materials for batteries * Margaret D. Foster (1895–1970), Manhattan Project chemist and the first female chemist to work for the United States Geological Survey *

Joanna Fowler Joanna Sigfred Fowler (born August 9, 1942) is a scientist emeritus at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. She served as professor of psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and director of Brookhav ...

(born 1942), American neural chemist * Michelle Francl, American computational chemist *

Edward Frankland Sir Edward Frankland, (18 January 18259 August 1899) was an English chemist. He was one of the originators of organometallic chemistry and introduced the concept of combining power or valence. An expert in water quality and analysis, he was a ...

(1825–1899), English chemist, originated the concept of valence *

Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, co ...

(1920–1958), British Chemist and Crystallographer *

Katherine Franz Katherine J. Franz (born 1972) is the Chair of the Department Chemistry at Duke University. She studies metal ion coordination in biological systems and looks to use the insight to manage species such as copper and iron. Franz was awarded the Am ...

(born 1972), American chemist noted for work in metal ion coordination in biological systems *

Herman Frasch Herman Frasch r Hermann Frasch(December 25, 1851 in Oberrot bei Gaildorf, Württemberg – May 1, 1914 in Paris) was a chemist, mining engineer and inventor known for his work with petroleum and sulfur. Biography Early life He was the son of Joh ...

(1851–1914), German mining engineer and inventor, pioneered the Frasch process *

Bertram Fraser-Reid Bertram Oliver "Bert" Fraser-Reid (23 February 1934 – 25 May 2020) was a Jamaican synthetic organic chemist who has been widely recognised for his work using carbohydrates as starting materials for chiral materials and on the role of oligosac ...

(1934 – 2020), Jamaican synthetic organic chemist who developed the armed-disarmed principle in glycosylation chemistry. He constructed the largest ever synthetic hetero-oligosaccharide without the use of automated methods. *

Helen Murray Free Helen Murray Free (February 20, 1923 – May 1, 2021) was an American chemist and educator. She is most known for revolutionizing many in vitro self-testing systems for diabetes and other diseases while working at Miles Laboratories. The tests a ...

(1923–2021), American chemist who developed self-testing systems for diabetes *

Carl Remigius Fresenius Carl Remigius Fresenius (28 December 1818 – 11 June 1897), was a German chemist, known for his studies in analytical chemistry. Biography Fresenius was born on 28 December 1818, in Frankfurt, Germany. After working for some time for a pharmac ...

(1818–1897), German chemist *

Ida Freund Ida Freund (15 April 1863 – 15 May 1914) was the first woman to be a university chemistry lecturer in the United Kingdom. She is known for her influence on science teaching, particularly the teaching of women and girls. She wrote two key chem ...

(1863–1914), first woman to be a university chemistry lecturer in the UK *

Charles Friedel Charles Friedel (; 12 March 1832 – 20 April 1899) was a French chemist and Mineralogy, mineralogist. Life A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the University of Paris, Sorbonne. In 1876, he became a professor of ...

(1832–1899), French chemist, developer of

* Alexander Naumovich Frumkin (1895–1976), electrochemist and chemist *

Kenichi Fukui was a Japanese chemist, known as the first Asian person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fukui was co-recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann, for their independent investigations into the mechanisms of ch ...

(1918–1998), 1981

Elizabeth Fulhame Elizabeth Fulhame (fl. 1794) was an early British chemist who invented the concept of catalysis and discovered photoreduction. She describes catalysis as a process at length in her 1794 book ''An Essay On Combustion with a View to a New Art of ...

(18th–19th centuries), British chemist, pioneer in the study of catalysis * Vera Furness (1921–2002), English chemist and industrial manager

G

Johan Gadolin Johan Gadolin (5 June 176015 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a " new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also con ...

(1760–1852),

Finnish Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people * Finnish cuisine See also ...

chemist * Merrill Garnett (born 1930), American

biochemist Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and Cell (biology), cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of ...

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (, , ; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen (with Alexander von Humboldt), for two laws ...

(1778–1850), French chemist and physicist, discovered the Gay-Lussac law *

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (21 August 1816 – 19 August 1856) was a French chemist, born in Alsace and active in Paris, Montpellier, and his native Strasbourg. Biography He was born in Strasbourg, which is where he attended the gymnasium (an ...

(1816–1856), French chemist, synthesized

acetylsalicylic acid Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic. Specific inflammatory conditions which aspirin is used to treat inc ...

William Giauque William Francis Giauque (;''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', 2004. May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was a Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures clo ...

(1895–1982), 1949

Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs (; February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in t ...

(1839–1903), American engineer, chemist and physicist *

Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American biochemist, physicist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate. Education and early life Walter Gilbert was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1932, the son of Emma (Cohen), a ...

(born 1932), 1980

Henry Gilman Henry Gilman (May 9, 1893 – November 7, 1986) was an American organic chemist known as the father of organometallic chemistry, the field within which his most notable work was done. He discovered the Gilman reagent, which bears his name. Earl ...

(1893–1986), American chemist, discovered the

Gilman reagent A Gilman reagent is a lithium and copper ( diorganocopper) reagent compound, R2CuLi, where R is an alkyl or aryl. These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents, they react with organic halides to ...

* Judith Giordan, American chemist and professor; 2014 American Chemical Society Henry Whalen Award *

Johann Rudolf Glauber Johann Rudolf Glauber (10 March 1604 – 16 March 1670) was a German-Dutch alchemy, alchemist and chemist. Some historians of science have described him as one of the first chemical engineers. His discovery of sodium sulfate in 1625 led to t ...

(1604–1670), Dutch-German alchemist and chemist * Lawrence E. Glendenin (1918–2008), American chemist, co-discovered the element

Leopold Gmelin Leopold Gmelin (2 August 1788 – 13 April 1853) was a German chemist. Gmelin was a professor at the University of Heidelberg He worked on the red prussiate and created Gmelin's test, and wrote his ''Handbook of Chemistry'', which over successiv ...

(1788–1853), German chemist, discovered

potassium ferricyanide Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K3 e(CN)6 This bright red salt contains the octahedrally coordinated 3−.html" ;"title="e(CN)6sup>3−">e(CN)6sup>3− ion. It is soluble in water and its solution shows some g ...

Theodore Nicolas Gobley TheodoreSome earlier Wikipedia versions, e.g. wiki.de, write Nicolas-Theodore; family sources (see wiki.fr article discussion) guarantee Theodore as ordinary given name, plus a publication in March 1848, "Recherches sur la présence de l'arsenic d ...

(1811–1874), French chemist, pioneer in brain tissues analysis, discoverer of

lecithin Lecithin (, from the Greek ''lekithos'' "yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so ar ...

Adolph Goetting Adolph Goetting (May 28, 1851 – October 1, 1929) was a Germans, German chemist who founded the perfume company "Goetting & Co." The company was later purchased in 1896 by David H. McConnell, where it became part of the California Perfume Compa ...

(1851–1929), German chemist, worked for

California Perfume Company Avon Products, Inc. or simply known as Avon, is an American-British multinational cosmetics, skin care, fragrance and personal care company, based in London. It sells directly to the public. Avon had annual sales of $9.1 billion worldwide in 202 ...

Sulamith Goldhaber Sulamith Goldhaber ( he, שולמית גולדהבר; November 4, 1923 – December 11, 1965) was a high-energy physics, high-energy physicist and molecular spectroscopy, molecular spectroscopist. Goldhaber was a world expert on the interactions ...

(1923–1965), Austrian-American chemist, high-energy physicist, and molecular spectroscopist *

Victor Goldschmidt Victor Moritz Goldschmidt (27 January 1888 in Zürich – 20 March 1947 in Oslo) was a Norwegian mineralogist considered (together with Vladimir Vernadsky) to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldsch ...

(1888–1947), father of modern geochemistry *

Moses Gomberg Moses Gomberg (February 8, 1866 – February 12, 1947) was a chemistry professor at the University of Michigan. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and served as president of the American Chemical Society. Early life and education ...

(1866–1947), Russian-American chemist, known for pioneering work in radical chemistry *

Mary L. Good Mary Lowe Good (June 20, 1931 – November 20, 2019) was an American inorganic chemist who worked academically, in industrial research and in government. Good contributed to the understanding of catalysts such as ruthenium which activate or speed ...

(1931–2019), American inorganic chemist * David van Goorle also called Gorlaeus (1591–1612), Dutch chemist, one of the first modern

atomists Atomism (from Greek , ''atomon'', i.e. "uncuttable, indivisible") is a natural philosophy proposing that the physical universe is composed of fundamental indivisible components known as atoms. References to the concept of atomism and its atoms a ...

* Loney Gordon (1915–1999), American chemist who assisted in creating the pertussis vaccine *

Carl Gräbe Carl Gräbe (; 24 February 1841 – 19 January 1927) was a German industrial and academic chemist from Frankfurt am Main who held professorships in his field at Leipzig, Königsberg, and Geneva. He is known for the first synthesis of the ec ...

(1841–1927), German chemist, discovered the dye

alizarin Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Histori ...

* Thomas Graham (1805–1869), Scottish chemist, dialysis and

diffusion Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical p ...

Harry B. Gray Harry Barkus Gray (born November 14, 1935) is the Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology. Career Gray received his B.S. in chemistry from Western Kentucky University in 1957. He began his work in inorgan ...

(born 1935), 2004

* Martha Greenblatt (born 1941), American solid state inorganic chemist, 2003 American Chemical Society's Garvan-Olin Medal *

Bettye Washington Greene Bettye Washington Greene (March 20, 1935 – June 16, 1995) was an American industrial research chemist. She was the first African American female Ph.D. chemist to work in a professional position at the Dow Chemical Company. At Dow, she researche ...

(1935–1995), American researcher on latex and polymers * Sandra C. Greer (born 1945) American chemist notable for work on thermodynamics of fluids, polymer solutions and phase transitions *

François Auguste Victor Grignard Francois Auguste Victor Grignard (6 May 1871 – 13 December 1935) was a French chemist who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the eponymously named Grignard reagent and Grignard reaction, both of which are important in the formation of ca ...

(1871–1935), 1912

corecipient *

Robert H. Grubbs Robert Howard Grubbs ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient ...

(1942–2021), 2005

H

Fritz Haber Fritz Haber (; 9 December 186829 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen ...

(1868–1934), German chemist, 1918

, father of the

Haber process The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today. It is named after its inventors, the German chemists Fritz Haber and C ...

Dorothy Hahn Dorothy Anna Hahn (1876–1950) was a lifelong educator and American professor of organic chemistry at Mount Holyoke College. Her research utilized the then newly developed technique of ultraviolet spectroscopy to study hydantoins. Biography D ...

(1876–1950), early American organic chemist and ultraviolet spectroscopist *

Otto Hahn Otto Hahn (; 8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist who was a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry and father of nuclear fission. Hahn and Lise Meitner ...

(1879–1968), German chemist, discoverer of

nuclear fission Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radio ...

, 1944

, father of

nuclear chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties. It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as t ...

* Sossina M. Haile (born 1966), American chemist notable for developing the first solid acid fuel cells * Naomi Halas, American biochemist focusing on nanoshells and nanophotonics *

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (; 5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. With innovative use of statistics in biolo ...

(1892–1962), British and Indian biochemist, geneticist and evolutionary biologist *

John Scott Haldane John Scott Haldane (; 2 May 1860 – 14/15 March 1936) was a British physician and physiologist famous for intrepid self-experimentation which led to many important discoveries about the human body and the nature of gases. He also experimen ...

(1860–1936), British biochemist *

Charles Martin Hall Charles Martin Hall (December 6, 1863 – December 27, 1914) was an American inventor, businessman, and chemist. He is best known for his invention in 1886 of an inexpensive method for producing aluminum, which became the first metal to atta ...

(1863–1914), American chemist, famous for Hall-Héroult process *

Frances Mary Hamer Frances Mary Hamer (1894–1980) was a British chemist who specialized in the sensitization compounds used for photographic processing for which she held many patents. She was very active in the Allied efforts to enhance aerial photography during ...

(1894–1980), British chemist who specialized in photographic sensitization compounds *

George S. Hammond George Simms Hammond (May 22, 1921 – October 5, 2005) was an American scientist and theoretical chemist who developed "Hammond's postulate", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric structure of the transition ...

(1921–2005), American chemist, famous for

Hammond's postulate Hammond's postulate (or alternatively the Hammond–Leffler postulate), is a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a pro ...

Arthur Harden Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 – 17 June 1940) was a British biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and ferment ...

(1865–1940), English biochemist and winner of the shared Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 * Elizabeth Hardy (1915–2008), American chemist and discoverer of the Cope rearrangement *

Anna J. Harrison Anna Jane Harrison (December 23, 1912 – August 8, 1998) was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College for nearly forty years. She was the first female President of the American Chemical Society, and the ...

(1912–1998), first female President of the American Chemical Society *

Odd Hassel Odd Hassel (17 May 1897 – 11 May 1981) was a Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate. Biography Hassel was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. His parents were Ernst Hassel (1848–1905), a gynaecologist, and Mathilde Klaveness ( ...

(1897–1981), Norwegian chemist 1969

Nobel Prize in chemistry ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "M ...

Charles Hatchett Charles Hatchett FRS FRSE (2 January 1765 – 10 March 1847) was an English mineralogist and analytical chemist who discovered the element niobium, for which he proposed the name "columbium". Hatchett was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Societ ...

(1765–1847), English chemist who discovered

niobium Niobium is a chemical element with chemical symbol Nb (formerly columbium, Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a light grey, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Pure niobium has a Mohs hardness rating similar to pure titanium, and it has sim ...

* Herbert A. Hauptman (1917–2011), 1985

Robert Havemann Robert Havemann (; 11 March 1910 – 9 April 1982) was an East German chemist and dissident. Life and career He studied chemistry in Berlin and Munich from 1929 to 1933, and then later received a doctorate in physical chemistry from the Kaiser ...

(1910–1982), chemist *

Walter Hawkins Walter Lee Hawkins (May 18, 1949 – July 11, 2010) was an American gospel singer, songwriter, composer, and pastor. An influential figure in urban contemporary gospel music, his career spanned more than four decades. He was consecrated to the ...

(1911–1992), African American chemist, widely regarded as a pioneer of

polymer chemistry Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures of chemicals, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are ...

. Co-invented a polymer with antioxidants that prevented deterioration even in extreme temperatures.  *

Walter Haworth Sir Walter Norman Haworth Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (19 March 1883 – 19 March 1950) was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) while working at the University of Birmingham. He received th ...

(1883–1950), 1937

* Sam Hay, New Zealand chemist * Alma Levant Hayden (1927–1967), American spectrophotometer at the National Institutes of Health *

Jabir Ibn Hayyan Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Arabic: , variously called al-Ṣūfī, al-Azdī, al-Kūfī, or al-Ṭūsī), died 806−816, is the purported author of an enormous number and variety of works in Arabic, often called the Jabirian corpus. The ...

(722–804), Persian-Arab chemist and alchemist *

Clayton Heathcock Clayton Heathcock is an organic chemist, Professor of Chemistry, and Dean of the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Professor Heathcock is well known for his accomplishments in the synthesis of complex polycyclic na ...

(born 1936), American chemist * Alan J. Heeger (born 1936), 2000

Jan Baptist van Helmont Jan Baptist van Helmont (; ; 12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a chemist, physiologist, and physician from Brussels. He worked during the years just after Paracelsus and the rise of iatrochemistry, and is sometimes considered to ...

(1579–1644), The founder of

pneumatic chemistry In the history of science, pneumatic chemistry is an area of scientific research of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries. Important goals of this work were the understanding of the physical properties of gases and how the ...

Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932) is an American chemist at Harvard University. He won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elemen ...

(born 1932), American chemist, 1986

Avram Hershko Avram Hershko ( he, אברהם הרשקו, Avraham Hershko, hu, Herskó Ferenc Ábrahám; born December 31, 1937) is a Hungarian-Israeli biochemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004. Biography He was born Herskó Ferenc in Karc ...

(born 1937), 2004

Charles Herty Charles Holmes Herty Sr. (December 4, 1867 – July 27, 1938) was an American academic, scientist, and businessman. Serving in academia as a chemistry professor to begin his career, Herty concurrently promoted collegiate athletics including creat ...

(1867–1938), American chemist *

Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, (; December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, "for his contributions to the knowledge o ...

(1904–1999), German-Canadian chemist, 1971

Germain Henri Hess Germain Henri Hess (russian: Герман Иванович Гесс, German Ivanovich Gess; 7 August 1802 – 30 November 1850) was a Swiss-Russian chemist and doctor who formulated Hess's law, an early principle of thermochemistry. Early li ...

(1802–1850), Swiss-born Russian chemist, namesake of Hess's Law *

George de Hevesy George Charles de Hevesy (born György Bischitz; hu, Hevesy György Károly; german: Georg Karl von Hevesy; 1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role ...

(1885–1966), Hungarian born chemist, recipient of the

1943 *

Jaroslav Heyrovský Jaroslav Heyrovský () (December 20, 1890 – March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959 for his ...

(1890–1967),

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places *Czech, ...

chemist, 1959

* Evelyn Hickmans (1883–1972), British biochemist, pioneer in treatment of phenylketonuria * Joel Hildebrand (18811983) American educator and chemist specializing in liquids and nonelectrolyte solutions * Mary Elliott Hill (1907–1969), American chemist who developed analytic methodology for ultraviolet light *

Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (19 June 1897 – 9 October 1967) was a British physical chemist and expert in chemical kinetics. His work in reaction mechanisms earned the 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Education Born in London, his parents we ...

(1897–1967), English physical chemist and winner of the shared

in Chemistry in 1956 * Gladys Lounsbury Hobby (1910–1993), American microbiologist known for development and early understanding of antibiotics *

Dorothy Hodgkin Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (née Crowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning British chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential fo ...

(1910–1994), 1964

* Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852–1911),

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

physical chemist Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical me ...

, 1901

Albert Hofmann Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906 – 29 April 2008) was a Swiss chemist known for being the first to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann's team also isolated, named and synthesiz ...

(1906–2008), Swiss chemist, synthesized

Lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, vi ...

(LSD) *

August Wilhelm Hofmann August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the g ...

(1818–1892), German chemist, first to isolate

sorbic acid Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative. It has the chemical formula and the structure . It is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily. It was first isol ...

Darleane C. Hoffman Darleane Christian Hoffman (born November 8, 1926) is an American nuclear chemist who was among the researchers who confirmed the existence of Seaborgium, element 106. She is a faculty senior scientist in the Nuclear Science Division of Lawrenc ...

(born 1926), American nuclear chemist *

Friedrich Hoffmann Friedrich Hoffmann or Hofmann (19 February 1660 – 12 November 1742) was a German physician and chemist. He is also sometimes known in English as Frederick Hoffmann. Life His family had been connected with medicine for 200 years before him. Bo ...

(1660–1742), physician and chemist *

Roald Hoffmann Roald Hoffmann (born Roald Safran; July 18, 1937) is a Polish Americans, Polish-American theoretical chemistry, theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He has also published plays and poetry. He is the Frank H. T. Rhodes P ...

(born 1937), Polish-born American chemist, 1981

* Mei Hong (born 1970), Chinese-American biophysical chemist *

Frederick Gowland Hopkins Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins, even though Casimir Funk, a Po ...

(1861–1947), British biochemist, known for discovery of

vitamins A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. Essential nutrien ...

in 1929 * Marjorie G. Horning (1917–2020), American biochemist and pioneer of chromatography * Linda Hsieh-Wilson, American chemist,

California Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech or CIT)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; the institution considers other spellings such a"Cal Tech" and "CalTech" incorrect. The institute is also occasional ...

Heinrich Hubert Maria Josef Houben Heinrich Hubert Maria Josef Houben (27 October 1875, in Waldfeucht (Rheinland) Germany – 28 June 1940, in Tübingen) was a German chemist. He made achievements within ketone synthesis, terpenes, and camphor studies. After being wounded several ...

(1875–1940) German organic chemist *

Coenraad Johannes van Houten Coenraad Johannes van Houten (15 March 1801 – 27 May 1887) was a Dutch chemist and chocolate maker known for the treatment of cocoa mass with alkaline salts to remove the bitter taste and make cocoa solids more water-soluble; the resulting pro ...

(1801–1887), Dutch chemist and chocolate maker, invented cocoa powder * Amir H. Hoveyda, U.S.-based chemist working in asymmetric catalysis *

Benjamin Hsiao Benjamin S. Hsiao (born 12 August 1958) is an American materials scientist and educator. He served as the vice-president for Research and Chief Research Officer at Stony Brook University from May 2012 to December 2013. Education and career Bo ...

(born 1958), Asian American chemist at

Stony Brook University Stony Brook University (SBU), officially the State University of New York at Stony Brook, is a public research university in Stony Brook, New York. Along with the University at Buffalo, it is one of the State University of New York system's ...

, Fellow of the

American Physical Society The American Physical Society (APS) is a not-for-profit membership organization of professionals in physics and related disciplines, comprising nearly fifty divisions, sections, and other units. Its mission is the advancement and diffusion of k ...

, Fellow of the

American Chemical Society The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all d ...

, Fellow of the

American Association for the Advancement of Science The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific respons ...

* Marcia Huber, American chemical engineer and 2005 Department of Commerce Bronze Medal winner *

Robert Huber Robert Huber (; born 20 February 1937) is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate. known for his work crystallizing an intramembrane protein important in photosynthesis and subsequently applying X-ray crystallography to elucidate the protein's st ...

(born 1937), 1988

* Catherine T. Hunt (born 1955), American chemist, president American Chemical Society and Dow Chemical Company director

I

*Sir

Christopher Kelk Ingold Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was resp ...

(1893–1970), English chemist *

Vladimir Ipatieff Vladimir Nikolayevich Ipatieff (also Ipatyev; russian: Владимир Николаевич Ипатьев); (November 21, 1867 (November 9 OS) – November 29, 1952) was a Russian and American chemist. His most important contributions are in the ...

(1867–1952), Russian-American chemist, known for

organic synthesis Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds. Organic molecules are often more complex than inorganic compounds, and their synthesis has developed into one o ...

J

* Nancy B. Jackson (1956–2022), American chemist *

Marilyn E. Jacox Marilyn Esther Jacox (April 26, 1929 – October 30, 2013) was an American physical chemist. She was a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Fellow and Scientist Emeritus in the Sensor Science Division. Education Jacox was born i ...

(1929–2013), American chemist and National Institute of Standards and Technology fellow *

Hope Jahren Anne Hope Jahren (born September 27, 1969) is an American geochemist and geobiologist at the University of Oslo in Norway, known for her work using stable isotope analysis to analyze fossil forests dating to the Eocene. She has won many pre ...

(born 1969), American chemist and isotope analyst *

Paul Janssen Paul Adriaan Jan, Baron Janssen (12 September 1926 - 11 November 2003) was a Belgian physician. He was the founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica, a pharmaceutical company with over 20,000 employees which is now a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Ea ...

(1926–2003), Belgian founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica *

Allene Jeanes Allene Rosalind Jeanes (July 19, 1906 – December 11, 1995) was an American chemical researcher, whose studies focused mainly on carbohydrates and the development of Dextran, a substance that replaced blood plasma in the Korean War. A member of ...

(1906–1995), American chemist who developed Dextran to replace plasma in the Korean War *

Frédéric Joliot-Curie Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (; ; 19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958) was a French physicist and husband of Irène Joliot-Curie, with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of Induced radioactivity. T ...

(1900–1958), French chemist and physicist, 1935

Irène Joliot-Curie Irène Joliot-Curie (; ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was award ...

(1897–1956), French chemist and physicist, 1935

* Madeleine M. Joullié (born 1927), French-American organic chemist and first woman to have an American tenure track position in organic chemistry *

Percy Lavon Julian Percy Lavon Julian (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. He was the first to synthesize the natural product physostigmine and was a pioneer in ...

(1899–1975), African American organic chemist who was a pioneer in the

chemical synthesis As a topic of chemistry, chemical synthesis (or combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In moder ...

of medicinal

drugs A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Drugs are typically distinguished from food and substances that provide nutritional support. Consumption of drugs can be via inhalat ...

from plants. He was the first to synthesize the natural product

physostigmine Physostigmine (also known as eserine from ''éséré'', the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean and ...

K

* Henri B. Kagan (born 1930), 2001

Isabella Karle Isabella Karle (December 2, 1921 – October 3, 2017) was an American chemist who was instrumental in developing techniques to extract plutonium chloride from a mixture containing plutonium oxide. For her scientific work, Karle received the Garva ...

(1921–2017), American chemist instrumental for extracting plutonium chloride from a mixture containing plutonium oxide *

Jerome Karle Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 – June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ra ...

(1918–2013), 1985

Paul Karrer Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) * Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chri ...

(1889–1971), 1937

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (31 October 1783 – 13 July 1857) was a German chemist, natural scientist and a professor of physics and chemistry. Biography Kastner received his doctorate in 1805 under the guidance of Johann Göttling and began l ...

(1783–1857) *

Alan R. Katritzky Alan Roy Katritzky Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (18 August 1928 – 10 February 2014) was a British-born American chemist, latterly working at the University of Florida. He was a Heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic chemistry pioneer, who pl ...

(1928–2014) Pioneer in heterocyclic chemistry * Joyce Jacobson Kaufman (1929–2016), American chemist and inventor of conformational topology * Melinda H. Keefe, American chemist and research and development director at the Dow Chemical Company *

August Kekulé Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz ( , ; 7 September 1829 – 13 July 1896), was a German organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially ...

(1829–1896), German organic chemist * Sinah Estelle Kelley (1916–1982), American chemist who helped pioneer mass production of penicillin *

John Kendrew Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, (24 March 1917 – 23 August 1997) was an English biochemist, crystallographer, and science administrator. Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz, for their work at the Cavendish Labo ...

(1917–1997), 1962

Ann Kiessling Ann A. Kiessling is an American reproductive biologist and a researcher in human parthenogenic stem cell research at The Bedford Research Foundation. She was an associate professor in teaching hospitals of Harvard Medical School (Brigham and Wome ...

(born 1942), American chemist and reproductive biologist *

Petrus Jacobus Kipp Petrus Jacobus Kipp (Utrecht, 5 March 1808 – Delft, 3 February 1864) was a Dutch apothecary, chemist and instrument maker. He became known as the inventor of the Kipp apparatus, chemistry equipment for the development of gases. Biograph ...

(1808–1864), Dutch chemist, inventor of Kipp-generator *

Johan Kjeldahl Johan Gustav Christoffer Thorsager Kjeldahl ( 16 August 1849 – 18 July 1900), was a Danish chemist who developed a method for determining the amount of nitrogen in certain organic compounds using a laboratory technique which was named the Kjelda ...

(1849–1900), Danish chemist, head chemist at

Carlsberg Brewery Carlsberg A/S (; ) is a Danish multinational brewer. Founded in 1847 by J. C. Jacobsen, the company's headquarters is in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since Jacobsen's death in 1887, the majority owner of the company has been the Carlsberg Foundation. T ...

, methods still in use *

Martin Heinrich Klaproth Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist. He trained and worked for much of his life as an apothecary, moving in later life to the university. His shop became the second-largest apothecary in Berlin, and ...

(1743–1817), German chemist, discovered the element

uranium Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weak ...

Trevor Kletz Trevor Asher Kletz, OBE, FREng, FRSC, FIChemE (23 October 1922–31 October 2013) was a prolific British author on the topic of chemical engineering safety. He is credited with introducing the concept of inherent safety, and was a major promo ...

(1922–2013) British promoter of industrial safety *

Aaron Klug Sir Aaron Klug (11 August 1926 – 20 November 2018) was a British biophysicist and chemist. He was a winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of bio ...

(1926–2018), winner of the 1982

Emil Knoevenagel Heinrich Emil Albert Knoevenagel (18 June 1865 – 11 August 1921) was the German chemist who established the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehydes with nitroalkanes is a classic general met ...

(1865–1921) * Jeremy Randall Knowles (1935–2008), British organic chemist *

William Standish Knowles William Standish Knowles (June 1, 1917 – June 13, 2012) was an American chemist. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. Knowles was one of the recipients of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He split half the prize with Ryōji Noyori for thei ...

(1917–2012), 2001

Walter Kohn Walter Kohn (; March 9, 1923 – April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the unde ...

(1923–2016), 1998

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (27 September 1818 – 25 November 1884) was a major contributor to the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe was the first to apply the term synthesis in a chemical con ...

(1818–1884), German chemist known for Kolbe nitrile synthesis *

Izaak Kolthoff Izaak Maurits (Piet) Kolthoff (February 11, 1894 – March 4, 1993) was an analytical chemist and chemistry educator. He is widely considered the father of analytical chemistry for his large volume of published research in diverse fields of anal ...

(1894–1993), Dutch-American chemist, the "Father of

Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separati ...

" *

Roger D. Kornberg Roger David Kornberg (born April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for his studies of the process by which ...

(born 1947), 2006

* Hans A. Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist, work on metabolic cycles *

Harold Kroto Sir Harold Walter Kroto (born Harold Walter Krotoschiner; 7 October 1939 – 30 April 2016), known as Harry Kroto, was an English chemist. He shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley for their discovery o ...

(1939–2016), English chemist, 1996

Richard Kuhn Richard Johann Kuhn (; 3 December 1900 – 1 August 1967) was an Austrian-German biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938 "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins". Biography Early life Kuhn was born in Vienna, Austria ...

(1900–1967), 1938

Eugenia Kumacheva Eugenia Eduardovna Kumacheva (; born 1955) is a University Professor and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at the University of Toronto. Her research interests span across the fields of fundamental and applied polymers science, nanotechnolo ...

, polymer chemist

L

Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir (; January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and engineer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry. Langmuir's most famous publication is the 1919 art ...

(1881–1957), chemist, physicist, 1932

* Auguste Laurent (1807–1853), French chemist, discovered

anthracene Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the Economic production, production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes ...

Paul Lauterbur Paul Christian Lauterbur (May 6, 1929 – March 27, 2007) was an American chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 with Peter Mansfield for his work which made the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poss ...

(1929–2007), American chemist *

Antoine Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( , ; ; 26 August 17438 May 1794), When reduced without charcoal, it gave off an air which supported respiration and combustion in an enhanced way. He concluded that this was just a pure form of common air and th ...

(1743–1794), French pioneer chemist *

Nicolas Leblanc Nicolas Leblanc (December 6, 1742 – January 16, 1806) was a French chemist and surgeon who discovered how to manufacture soda ash from common salt. Earlier days Leblanc was born in Ivoy le Pré, Cher, France on 6 December 1742. His fathe ...

(1742–1806), French chemist and surgeon *

Henri Louis Le Chatelier Henry Louis Le Chatelier (; 8 October 1850 – 17 September 1936) was a French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists and chemical engineers to predict the effect a changing conditi ...

(1850–1936) *

Yuan T. Lee Yuan Tseh Lee (; born 19 November 1936) is a Taiwanese chemist and a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the first Taiwanese Nobel Prize laureate who, along with the Hungarian-Canadian John C. Polanyi and America ...

(born 1936), winner of 1986

Valery Legasov Valery Alekseyevich Legasov (russian: Валерий Алексеевич Легасов; 1 September 1936 – 27 April 1988) was a Soviet and Russian inorganic chemist and a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He is now ma ...

(1936–1988), Soviet inorganic chemist known for his position as head of the Chernobyl Commission for the

Chernobyl Disaster The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. It is one of only two nuc ...

Jean-Marie Lehn Jean-Marie Lehn (born 30 September 1939) is a French chemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen in 1987 for his synthesis of cryptands. Lehn was an early innovator in the field of supramolec ...

(born 1939), French chemist, shared 1987

Luis Federico Leloir Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was an Argentine physician and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the metabolic pathways in lactose. Although born in France, Leloir r ...

(1906–1987), Argentine biochemist and winner of the 1970

Raymond Lemieux Raymond Urgel Lemieux, Order of Canada, CC, Alberta Order of Excellence, AOE, Royal Society, FRS (June 16, 1920 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadians, Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered many discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and ...

(1920–2000), 1999

Gilbert Newton Lewis Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23 or October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist and a Dean of the College of Chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. Lewis was best known for his discovery of the covalent bond a ...

(1875–1946), American chemist and first Dean of the Berkeley College of Chemistry *

Andreas Libavius Andreas Libavius or Andrew Libavius was born in Halle, Germany c. 1550 and died in July 1616. Libavius was a renaissance man who spent time as a professor at the University of Jena teaching history and poetry. After which he became a physician a ...

(1555–1616), German doctor and chemist *

Carl Theodore Liebermann Carl Theodore Liebermann (23 February 1842 – 28 December 1914) was a German chemist and student of Adolf von Baeyer. Life Liebermann first studied at the University of Heidelberg where Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was teaching. He then joined the ...

(1842–1914), German chemist, known for synthesis of

Willard Libby Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist noted for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology and palaeontology. For his contributions ...

(1908–1980), American chemist, winner of 1960

Justus von Liebig Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 20 April 1873) was a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. As a professor at t ...

(1803–1873), German inventor and pioneer in agricultural and

biological chemistry Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and ...

Karl Paul Link Karl Paul Gerhard Link (31 January 1901 – 21 November 1978) was an American biochemist best known for his discovery of the anticoagulant warfarin. Training and early career He was born in LaPorte, Indiana to a Lutheran minister of German descen ...

(1901–1978), American biochemist, discovered the

anticoagulant Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. Some of them occur naturally in blood-eating animals such as leeches and mosquitoes, where the ...

warfarin Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner). It is commonly used to prevent blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to prevent strok ...

* John Wilfrid Linnett (1913–1975), British chemist at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. *

William Lipscomb William Nunn Lipscomb Jr. (December 9, 1919April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist working in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry. Biography Overview L ...

(1919–2011), 1976

Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912) was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery and preventative medicine. Joseph Lister revolutionised the craft of su ...

(1827–1912), English surgeon * Arthur H. Livermore (1915–2009), science educator and chemist *

Mikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; russian: Михаил (Михайло) Васильевич Ломоносов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ , a=Ru-Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.ogg; – ) was a Russian Empire, Russian polymath, s ...

(1711–1765), Russian scientist, anticipated the kinetic-molecular theory by 100 years * H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004), British chemist *

Janis Louie Janis Louie (born November 3, 1971, in San Francisco, California, U.S.) is a Chemistry professor and Henry Eyring Fellow at The University of Utah. Louie contributes to the chemistry world with her research in inorganic, organic, and polymer che ...

, (born 1971) American chemist *

Martin Lowry Thomas Martin Lowry (; 26 October 1874 – 2 November 1936) was an English physical chemist who developed the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory simultaneously with and independently of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and was a founder-member an ...

(1874–1936), British chemist * Sima Lozanić (1847–1935), Serbian chemist * Alfred Lucas (1867–1945), Egypt-based English chemist and archaeologist *

Ignacy Łukasiewicz Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land o ...

(1802–1882), Polish pharmacist

M

Alan MacDiarmid Alan Graham MacDiarmid, ONZ FRS (14 April 1927 – 7 February 2007) was a New Zealand-born American chemist, and one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000. Early life and education MacDiarmid was born in Masterton, New Z ...

(1927–2007), 2000

* Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry (1904–1993), Dutch chemist and crystallographer *

Roderick MacKinnon Roderick MacKinnon (born February 19, 1956) is an American biophysicist, neuroscientist, and businessman. He is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter ...

(born 1956), 2003

Pierre Macquer Pierre-Joseph Macquer (9 October 1718 – 15 February 1784) was an influential French chemist. He is known for his ''Dictionnaire de chymie'' (1766). He was also involved in practical applications, to medicine and industry, such as the French dev ...

(1718–1784), influential French chemist *

Rudolph A. Marcus Rudolph Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems". Marcus theory, named after him, provide ...

(born 1923), 1992

* Jacob A. Marinsky (1918–2005), American chemist, co-discovered the element

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (24 April 1817 – 15 April 1894) was a Swiss chemist whose work with atomic weights suggested the possibility of isotopes and the packing fraction of nuclei. His study of the rare earth elements led to h ...

(1817–1894), Swiss chemist, discovered

ytterbium Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is a metal, the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the othe ...

and co-discovered

gadolinium Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is only slightly malleable and is a ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen ...

* Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov (1838–1904) *

Tobin J. Marks Tobin Jay Marks (born November 25, 1944) is the Vladimir N. Ipatieff Professor of Catalytic Chemistry, Professor of Material Science and Engineering, Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Professor of Applied Physics at Northw ...

(born 1944), American inorganic chemist and material scientist *

Alan G. Marshall Alan G. Marshall is an American analytical chemist who has devoted his scientific career to developing a scientific technique known as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, which he co-invented. He was born in Blu ...

(born 1944), American chemist, co-inventor of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry *

Archer John Porter Martin Archer John Porter Martin (1 March 1910 – 28 July 2002) was a British chemist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Richard Synge. Early life Martin's father was a GP. Martin was e ...

(1910–2002), 1952

Martinus van Marum Martin(us) van Marum (20 March 1750, Delft – 26 December 1837, Haarlem) was a Dutch physician, inventor, scientist and teacher, who studied medicine and philosophy in Groningen. Van Marum introduced modern chemistry in the Netherlands after ...

(1750–1837), Dutch chemist *

Elmer McCollum Elmer Verner McCollum (March 3, 1879 – November 15, 1967) was an American biochemist known for his work on the influence of diet on health.Kruse, 1961. McCollum is also remembered for starting the first rat colony in the United States to be us ...

(1879–1967), American biochemist, known for work of diet on health *

Edwin McMillan Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist credited with being the first-ever to produce a transuranium element, neptunium. For this, he shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Glenn Seabor ...

(1907–1991), 1951

Lise Meitner Elise Meitner ( , ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of those responsible for the discovery of the element protactinium and nuclear fission. While working at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute on rad ...

(1878–1968), German physicist * Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834–1907), Russian chemist, creator of the

Periodic table of elements The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is a rows and columns arrangement of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an Cultural i ...

* John Mercer (1791–1866), chemist and industrialist *

Robert Bruce Merrifield Robert Bruce Merrifield (July 15, 1921 – May 14, 2006) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984 for the invention of solid phase peptide synthesis. Early life He was born in Fort Worth, Texas, on 15 July 1921, t ...

(1921–2006), solid-phase chemist, 1984

Julius Lothar Meyer Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 – 11 April 1895) was a German chemist. He was one of the pioneers in developing the earliest versions of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (his chief rival) and he ...

(1830–1895), German chemist, important work on The

periodic table of elements The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is a rows and columns arrangement of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an Cultural i ...

; not to be confused with: *

Viktor Meyer Viktor Meyer (8 September 18488 August 1897) was a German chemist and significant contributor to both organic and inorganic chemistry. He is best known for inventing an apparatus for determining vapour densities, the Viktor Meyer apparatus, and ...

(1848–1897) * Dan Meyerstein (born 1938), Israeli chemist and president of

Ariel University Ariel University ( he, אוניברסיטת אריאל), previously a public college known as the Ariel University Center of Samaria, is an Israeli university located in the urban Israeli settlement of Ariel (city), Ariel in the West Bank. The c ...

August Michaelis August Michaelis (26 December 1847 – 31 January 1916) was a German people, German chemist and discovered the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. Michaelis studied at the University of Göttingen and University of Jena and became professor for chemist ...

(1847–1916), German chemist *

Leonor Michaelis Leonor Michaelis (16 January 1875 – 8 October 1949) was a German biochemist, physical chemist, and physician, known for his work with Maud Menten on enzyme kinetics in 1913, as well as for work on enzyme inhibition, pH and quinones. E ...

(1875–1949), German biochemist and physical chemist *

Hartmut Michel Hartmut Michel (; born 18 July 1948) is a German biochemist, who received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors tha ...

(born 1948), 1988

* Huang Minlon (1889–1979), Chinese chemist *

Stanley Miller Stanley Lloyd Miller (March 7, 1930 – May 20, 2007) was an American chemist who made landmark experiments in the origin of life by demonstrating that a wide range of vital organic compounds can be synthesized by fairly simple chemical processe ...

(1930–2007), American chemist, best known for the

Miller–Urey experiment The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) is a famous chemistry experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time (1952) to be present in the atmosphere of the early, prebiotic Earth, in order to test the hypothesis of the ...

* Eugène Millon (1812–1867), French chemist * David P. Mills, British chemist *

Luis E. Miramontes Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas (March 16, 1925 – September 13, 2004) was a Mexican chemist known as the co-inventor of the progestin norethisterone used in one of the first three oral contraceptives. Miramontes was born in Tepic, Nayarit ...

(1925–2004), co-inventor of the

combined oral contraceptive pill The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women. The pill contains two important hormones: progest ...

Peter D. Mitchell Peter Dennis Mitchell, FRS (29 September 1920 – 10 April 1992) was a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. Education and early life Mitc ...

(1920–1992), 1978

William A. Mitchell Dr. William A. Mitchell (October 21, 1911 – July 26, 2004) was an American food chemist who, while working for General Foods Corporation between 1941 and 1976, was the key inventor behind Pop Rocks, Tang, Cool Whip, and powdered egg whites. ...

(1911–2004), key inventor behind

Pop Rocks Pop Rocks, also called popping candy, is a candy, owned by Zeta Espacial S.A. Pop Rocks ingredients include sugar, lactose (milk sugar), and flavoring. It differs from typical hard candy in that pressurized carbon dioxide gas bubbles are emb ...

Tang Tang or TANG most often refers to: * Tang dynasty * Tang (drink mix) Tang or TANG may also refer to: Chinese states and dynasties * Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...

, and Kool Whip * Eilhardt Mitscherlich (1794–1863) German chemist, remembered for the law of isomorphism. * Alexander Mitscherlich (1836–1918), chemist *

Karl Friedrich Mohr Karl Friedrich Mohr (November 4, 1806 – September 28, 1879) was a German chemist famous for his early statement of the principle of the conservation of energy. Ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O, is named Mohr's salt after him. Life ...

(1806–1879), German chemist famous for first musings on the

Conservation of energy In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be ''conserved'' over time. This law, first proposed and tested by Émilie du Châtelet, means th ...

Henri Moissan Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (28 September 1852 – 20 February 1907) was a French chemist and pharmacist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. Moissan was one of the original mem ...

(1852–1907), French chemist and the winner of the 1906

Mario J. Molina Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez (19 March 19437 October 2020), known as Mario Molina, was a Mexican chemist. He played a pivotal role in the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was a co-recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemis ...

(1943–2020), 1995

Jacques Monod Jacques Lucien Monod (February 9, 1910 – May 31, 1976) was a French biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of en ...

(1910–1976), biochemist, winner of

in 1965 * Jeffrey S. Moore (born 1961), American material chemist * Peter Moore (born 1939), American biochemist, Sterling Professor of Chemistry at Yale University * Stanford Moore (1913–1982), 1972

Hamilton Morris Hamilton Morris (born April 14, 1987) is an American journalist, documentarian, and scientific researcher. He is the creator and director of the television series ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'', in which he investigated the chemistry, history, and ...

(born 1987), American chemist, creator and director of the television series ''

Hamilton's Pharmacopeia ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'' is an American docuseries, which premiered on Viceland on October 26, 2016. The show follows Hamilton Morris as he explores the history, chemistry and social impact of psychoactive substances. It chronicles Morris' ...

'' *

Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic num ...

(1887–1915), English physicist, discovered

Moseley's law Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic X-ray#Physics, x-rays emitted by atoms. The law had been discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913-1914. Until Moseley's work, "atomic number" was merel ...

Gerardus Johannes Mulder Gerardus Johannes Mulder or Gerrit Jan Mulder (27 December 1802 – 18 April 1880) was a Dutch organic and analytical chemist. Life Mulder was born in Utrecht and earned a medical degree from Utrecht University. He became a reader of chemis ...

(1802–1880), Dutch organic chemist * Paul Müller (1899–1965), Swiss chemist, discovered

DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. ...

, won the

in 1939 *

Robert S. Mulliken Robert Sanderson Mulliken Note Longuet-Higgins' amusing title for reference B238 1965 on page 354 of this Biographical Memoir. The title should be "Selected papers of Robert S Mulliken." (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American ph ...

(1896–1986), American physicist, chemist, 1966

Kary Mullis Kary Banks Mullis (December 28, 1944August 7, 2019) was an American biochemist. In recognition of his role in the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith and wa ...

(1944–2019), 1993

* Earl Muetterties (1927–1984), American chemist * Catherine J. Murphy (born 1964), American chemist and materials scientist

N

* Robert Nalbandyan (1937–2002), Armenian protein chemist * Louise Natrajan, British chemist *

Giulio Natta Giulio Natta (26 February 1903 – 2 May 1979) was an Italian chemical engineer and Nobel laureate. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on high polymers. He also received a Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1969. Biography ...

(1903–1979), Italian chemist, 1963

* Costin Nenitescu (1902–1970), Romanian chemist *

Antonio Neri Antonio Neri (29 February 1576, Florence – 1614) was a Florentine priest who published the book ''L’Arte Vetraria'' or ''The Art of Glass'' in 1612. This book was the first general treatise on the systematics of glassmaking. Early life and ...

(1576–1614), Florentine chemist and glassmaker *

Walther Nernst Walther Hermann Nernst (; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the wa ...

(1864–1941), German chemist, 1920

John Alexander Reina Newlands John Alexander Reina Newlands (26 November 1837 – 29 July 1898) was a British chemist who worked concerning the periodicity of elements. Biography Newlands was born in London in England, at West Square in Lambeth, the son of a Scottish Presb ...

(1837–1898), English analytical chemist * William Nicholson (1753–1815), English chemist *

Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou ( el, Κυριάκος Κ. Νικολάου; born July 5, 1946) is a Cypriot-American chemist known for his research in the area of natural products total synthesis. He is currently Harry C. and Olga K. Wiess Professor o ...

(born 1946), Cypriot-American chemist *

Julius Nieuwland Julius Aloysius Arthur Nieuwland, CSC, (14 February 1878 – 11 June 1936) was a Belgian-born Holy Cross priest and professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. He is known for his contributions to acetylene re ...

(1878–1936), American chemist, work on

synthetic rubber A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer. They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts. About 32-million metric tons of rubbers are produced annually in the United States, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Synthetic rubbe ...

leading to

neoprene Neoprene (also polychloroprene) is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.Werner Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn and Ralf Krüger "Rubber, 4. Emulsion R ...

* Mathias Nilsson, Swedish chemist *

Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( , ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedes, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and Philanthropy, philanthropist. He is best known for having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel ...

(1833–1896), Swedish chemist *

Ronald George Wreyford Norrish Ronald George Wreyford Norrish FRS (9 November 1897 – 7 June 1978) was a British chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Education and early life Norrish was born in Cambridge and was educated at The Perse School and Emm ...

(1897–1978), 1967

John Howard Northrop John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who, with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley, won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award was given for these scientists' isolation, crys ...

(1891–1987), 1946

Ryōji Noyori is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001, Noyori shared a half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations; the second half of the prize went to K. Barry Sharpless for his ...

(born 1938), 2001

, 2001

* Ralph Nuzzo (born 1954), American chemist and materials scientist

O

George Andrew Olah George Andrew Olah (born Oláh András György; May 22, 1927 – March 8, 2017) was a Hungarian-American chemist. His research involved the generation and reactivity of carbocations via superacids. For this research, Olah was awarded a Nobel Pri ...

(1927–2017), 1994

* Marilyn Olmstead (1943-2020) chemist, expert in small molecule crystallography *

Fred Olsen Fredrich Olsen (1891–1986) was a British-born American chemist remembered as the inventor of ball propellant and as a donor or seller to the art antiquities collections of Yale University, the University of Illinois, and the Massachusetts Insti ...

(1891–1986), inventor of the

ball propellant Ball propellant (trademarked as Ball Powder by Olin Corporation and marketed as spherical powder by Hodgdon Powder CompanyWootters, John ''Propellant Profiles'' (1982) Wolfe Publishing Company pp.95,101,136-138,141,149&155 ) is a form of nitrocell ...

manufacturing process *

Lars Onsager Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Che ...

(1903–1976),

, 1968

* Tony Orchard (1941–2005), British inorganic chemist, photoelectron spectroscopist *

Joan Oró Joan Oró i Florensa (; October 26, 1923 in Lleida, Catalonia – September 2, 2004 in Barcelona, Catalonia) was a Spanish biochemist, whose research has been of importance in understanding the origin of life. He participated in several NA ...

(1923–2004),

Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...

biochemist, one of his most important contributions was the prebiotic synthesis of the

nucleobase Nucleobases, also known as ''nitrogenous bases'' or often simply ''bases'', are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic b ...

adenine Adenine () ( symbol A or Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative). It is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The three others are guanine, cytosine and thymine. Its derivati ...

from

hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen cyanide, sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structure . It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at . HCN is produced on an ...

Hans Christian Ørsted Hans Christian Ørsted ( , ; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 17779 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity ...

(1777–1851), first to isolate

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

Wilhelm Ostwald Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (; 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and German philosophy, philosopher. Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst, ...

(1853–1932), 1909

* Larry E. Overman (born 1943), transition-metal catalysis in synthesis * Geoffrey Ozin (born 1943), materials chemist

P

Paracelsus Paracelsus (; ; 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance. He w ...

(1493–1541), alchemist *

Rudolph Pariser Rudolph Pariser (born December 8, 1923) is a physical and polymer chemist. He was born in Harbin, China to merchant parents, Ludwig Jacob Pariser and Lia Rubinstein. He attended the Von Hindenburg Schule in Harbin, an American Missionary School ...

(born 1923),

theoretical A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be s ...

and

organic chemist Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; ...

Robert G. Parr Robert Ghormley Parr (September 22, 1921 – March 27, 2017) was an American theoretical chemistry, theoretical chemist who was a Professor of Chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Career Parr received an A. B. acade ...

(1921–2017),

theoretical chemist Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops theoretical generalizations that are part of the theoretical arsenal of modern chemistry: for example, the concepts of chemical bonding, chemical reaction, valence, the surface ...

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization, the latter of which was named afte ...

(1822–1895), French

, father of

pasteurization Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process of food preservation in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than , to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life. The ...

Linus Pauling Linus Carl Pauling (; February 28, 1901August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific top ...

(1901–1994),

s in chemistry and peace *

Charles J. Pedersen Charles John Pedersen ( ja, 安井良男, ''Yasui Yoshio'', October 3, 1904 – October 26, 1989) was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers during his entire 42-year career as a chemist for D ...

(1904–1989), 1987

Eugène-Melchior Péligot Eugène-Melchior Péligot (24 March 1811 – 15 April 1890), also known as Eugène Péligot, was a French chemist who isolated the first sample of uranium metal in 1841. Péligot proved that the black powder of Martin Heinrich Klaproth was not a ...

(1811–1890), French chemist who isolated the uranium metal *

William Henry Perkin Sir William Henry Perkin (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline. Though he failed in trying ...

(1838–1907), British organic chemist and inventor of

mauveine Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was one of the first synthetic dyes. It was discovered serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856 while he was attempting to synthesise the phytochemical quinine for the treatment of m ...

(dye) * William Henry Perkin, Jr. (1860–1929), British organic chemist, son of Sir William Henry Perkin *

Max Perutz Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin. He went ...

(1914–2002), 1962

Eva Philbin Eva Philbin (4 January 1914 – 24 June 2005) was an Irish chemist who became the first woman president of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland. Born Eva Maria Ryder in Ballina, County Mayo, Ireland, Philbin received her B.Sc with first class h ...

(1914–2005), Irish chemist *

David Andrew Phoenix David Andrew Phoenix (born 1966) is an English biochemist and Chief Executive of London South Bank University. Early life David Phoenix was born on 26 February 1966 in Lancashire, England. After attending Turton School in Bolton, he studied B ...

(born 1966), biochemist * Georgy Pigulevsky (1888-1964), Russian chemist and biochemist *

Roy J. Plunkett Roy J. Plunkett (June 26, 1910 – May 12, 1994) was an American chemist. He discovered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known as Teflon, in 1938. Personal life and education Plunkett was born in New Carlisle, Ohio and attended Newton Hig ...

(1910–1994), discoverer of

Teflon Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene that has numerous applications. It is one of the best-known and widely applied PFAS. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based composition is Teflon by Chemou ...

John Charles Polanyi John Charles Polanyi ( hu, Polányi János Károly; born 23 January 1929) is a German-born Canadian chemist. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research in chemical kinetics. Polanyi was born into the prominent Hungari ...

(born 1929), Canadian chemist,

1986 * John A. Pople (1925–2004),

, 1998

* Vera Vevstafievna Popova (1867–1896), one of the first female Russian chemists *

George Porter George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967. Education and early life Porter was born in Stainforth, near Thorne, in the then West ...

(1920–2002), 1967

Fritz Pregl Fritz Pregl ( sl, Friderik Pregl; 3 September 1869 – 13 December 1930), was a Slovenian-Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene-German-speaking background. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contribut ...

(1869–1930), Slovene-German chemist,

1923 *

Vladimir Prelog Vladimir Prelog (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born and grew up in ...

(1906–1998), 1975

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...

(1733–1804), no formal training as a scientist, discovered the element

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...

Ilya Prigogine Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (; russian: Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин; 28 May 2003) was a physical chemist and Nobel laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. Biogra ...

(1917–2003), 1977

Joseph Louis Proust Joseph Louis Proust (26 September 1754 – 5 July 1826) was a French chemist. He was best known for his discovery of the law of definite proportions in 1794, stating that chemical compounds always combine in constant proportions. Life Joseph L. ...

(1754–1826), discovered the

Law of definite proportions In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law, or law of constant composition states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source an ...

R

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is an Indian-born British and American structural biologist who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath, "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome". ...

(born 1952), 2009

William Ramsay Sir William Ramsay (; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements ...

(1852–1916), Scottish chemist, 1904

C. N. R. Rao Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao BR, (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 84 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,77 ...

(born 1934), Indian chemist *

François-Marie Raoult François-Marie Raoult (; 10 May 1830 – 1 April 1901) was a French chemist who conducted research into the behavior of solutions, especially their physical properties. Life and work Raoult was born at Fournes, in the ''département'' of Nor ...

(1830–1901), French chemist, known for Raoult's law *

Henry Rapoport Henry Rapoport (November 16, 1918 – March 6, 2002) was an internationally renowned organic chemistry, organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. He is widely recognized for his work in the development ...

(1918–2002), American chemist, UC Berkeley *

William Sage Rapson William Sage Rapson (14 August 1912 – 25 June 1999) was a New Zealand and South African chemist. His initial career was in organic chemistry but he moved into inorganic chemistry with particular emphasis on gold. His research interests ranged f ...

(1912–1999), South African chemist and co-author of Gold Usage *

Ken Raymond Kenneth Norman Raymond (born January 7, 1942) is a bioinorganic and coordination chemist. He is Chancellor's Professor of Chemistry at University of California, Berkeley, Professor of the Graduate School, the Director of the Seaborg Center in t ...

(born 1942), American

inorganic In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemist ...

and bioinorganic chemist, UC Berkeley *

Julius Rebek Julius Rebek Jr. (born Gyula Rebek on April 11, 1944) is a Hungarian-American chemist and expert on molecular self-assembly. Rebek was born in Beregszász (present-day Berehove, Ukraine), which at the time was part of Hungary, in 1944 and live ...

(born 1944), Hungarian American chemist * Charles Lee Reese (1862–1940), American chemist and Chemical Director of

DuPont DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours. The company played a major role in ...

Henri Victor Regnault Henri Victor Regnault (21 July 1810 – 19 January 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements of the thermal properties of gases. He was an early thermodynamicist and was mentor to William Thomson in ...

(1810–1878), French chemist and

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate caus ...

Tadeus Reichstein Tadeusz Reichstein (20 July 1897 – 1 August 1996) was a Polish-Swiss chemist and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950), which was awarded for his work on the isolation of cortisone. Early life Reichstein was born into a Pol ...

(1897–1996), chemist, 1950

Rhazes Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: ar, أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي, translit=Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī, label=none), () rather than ar, زکریاء, label=none (), as for example in , or in . In m ...

(Razi) (865–925),

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

ian chemist *

Stuart A. Rice Stuart Alan Rice (born January 6, 1932) is an American theoretical chemist and physical chemist.Ellen Swallow Richards Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (December 3, 1842 – March 30, 1911) was an American industrial and safety engineer, environmental chemist, and university faculty member in the United States during the 19th century. Her pioneering work in ...

(1842–1911), industrial and environmental chemist *

Theodore William Richards Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the ...

(1868–1928), 1914

* Wim Richter (1946–2019), South Africa *

Jeremias Benjamin Richter Jeremias Benjamin Richter (; 10 March 1762 – 4 May 1807) was a German chemist. He was born at Hirschberg in Silesia, became a mining official at Breslau in 1794, and in 1800 was appointed assessor to the department of mines and chemist to the ...

(1762–1807), German chemist, first used the term

stoichiometry Stoichiometry refers to the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products before, during, and following chemical reactions. Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equal ...

Nikolaus Riehl Nikolaus Riehl (24 May 1901 – 2 August 1990) was a German nuclear physicist. He was head of the scientific headquarters of Auergesellschaft. When the Russians entered Berlin near the end of World War II, he was invited to the Soviet Union, wh ...

(1901–1990), German chemist *

Andrés Manuel del Río Andrés Manuel del Río y Fernández (10 November 1764 – 23 March 1849) was a Spanish– Mexican scientist, naturalist and engineer who discovered compounds of ''vanadium'' in 1801. He proposed that the element be given the name ''panchromium' ...

(1764–1849), Spanish-Mexican geochemist, discovered

vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer ( pas ...

* Robert Robinson (1886–1975), 1947

Pierre Jean Robiquet Pierre Jean Robiquet (13 January 1780 – 29 April 1840) was a French chemist. He laid founding work in identifying amino acids, the fundamental building blocks of proteins. He did this through recognizing the first of them, asparagine, in 1806 ...

(1780–1840), French chemist, discovered caffeine, alizarin, cantharidin * Hillar Rootare (1928–2008), Estonian-American physical chemist *

Irwin Rose Irwin Allan Rose (July 16, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an American biologist. Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Education ...

(1926–2015), 2004

Guillaume-François Rouelle Guillaume François Rouelle (, 15 September 1703 – 3 August 1770) was a French chemist and apothecary. In 1754 he introduced the concept of a base into chemistry as a substance which reacts with an acid to form a salt). He is known as ''l'Aîn ...

(1703–1770), French chemist * Hilaire-Marin Rouelle (1718–1779), French chemist *

Frank Sherwood Rowland Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland (June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research was on atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics. His be ...

(1927–2012), 1995

Daniel Rutherford Daniel Rutherford (3 November 1749 – 15 December 1819) was a Scottish physician, chemist and botanist who is known for the isolation of nitrogen in 1772. Life Rutherford was born on 3 November 1749, the son of Anne Mackay and Professor John ...

(1749–1819), Scottish chemist *

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' considers him to be the greatest ...

(1871–1937), New Zealand born chemist and nuclear physicist. Discovered the

proton A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' elementary charge. Its mass is slightly less than that of a neutron and 1,836 times the mass of an electron (the proton–electron mass ...

1908 *

Leopold Ruzicka Leopold may refer to: People * Leopold (given name) * Leopold (surname) Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Leopold (''The Simpsons''), Superintendent Chalmers' assistant on ''The Simpsons'' * Leopold Bloom, the protagonist o ...

(Lavoslav Ružička) (1887–1976), 1939

S

Paul Sabatier Paul Sabatier may refer to: *Paul Sabatier (chemist) (1854–1941), French chemist and Nobel Prize winner *Paul Sabatier (theologian) Charles Paul Marie Sabatier (3 or 9 August 1858 – 5 March 1928), was a French clergyman and historian who prod ...

(1854–1941), 1912

corecipient *

Frederick Sanger Frederick Sanger (; 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was an English biochemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice. He won the 1958 Chemistry Prize for determining the amino acid sequence of insulin and numerous other p ...

(1918–2013), 1958 and 1980

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrog ...

(1742–1786), Swedish 18th century chemist, discovered numerous elements *

Christian Friedrich Schönbein Christian Friedrich Schönbein H FRSE(18 October 1799 – 29 August 1868) was a German-Swiss chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell (1838) at the same time as William Robert Grove and his discoveries of guncotton and ozone. Lif ...

(1799–1868), German-Swiss chemist, invented the

fuel cell A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requ ...

, and discovered

gun cotton Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitration, nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitri ...

and

ozone Ozone (), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula . It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lo ...

* Stuart L. Schreiber (born 1956), American chemist, a pioneer in a field of chemical biology * Richard R. Schrock (born 1945), 2005

* Peter Schultz (born 1956), American chemist *

Glenn T. Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg (; April 19, 1912February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work in ...

(1912–1999), 1951

Nils Gabriel Sefström Nils Gabriel Sefström (2 June 1787 – 30 November 1845) was a Sweden, Swedish chemist. Sefström was a student of Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Berzelius and, when studying the brittleness of steel in 1830, he rediscovered a new chemical element, to ...

(1787–1845), chemist *

Francesco Selmi Francesco Selmi (7 April 1817 – 13 August 1881) was an Italian chemist and patriot, one of the founders of colloid chemistry. Selmi was born in Vignola, then part of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. He became head of a chemistry laboratory i ...

(1817–1881), Italian chemist *

Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Semënov), (russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; – 25 September 1986) (often referred to in English as Semenoff, Semenov, Semionov, or Semyonova) was a Soviet physicist and chem ...

(1896–1986), physicist and chemist, 1956

* K. Barry Sharpless (born 1941), 2001

, 2001

Dan Shechtman Dan Shechtman ( he, דן שכטמן; born January 24, 1941)Dan Shechtman
. (PDF). Retri ...

(born 1941), 2011

, discovered

quasicrystal A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical cr ...

s * Patsy O. Sherman (1930–2008), 12 US patents * John Sherwood (died 2020), British physical chemist *

Nevil Vincent Sidgwick Nevil Vincent Sidgwick FRS (8 May 1873 – 15 March 1952) was an English theoretical chemist who made significant contributions to the theory of valency and chemical bonding. Biography Sidgwick was born in Park Town, Oxford, the elder of two ...

(1873–1952), English theoretical chemist, known for work in valency *

Osamu Shimomura was a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist, and Professor Emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the ...

(1928–2018), 2008

Hideki Shirakawa is a Japanese chemist, engineer, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Tsukuba and Zhejiang University. He is best known for his discovery of conductive polymers. He was co-recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Alan Ma ...

(born 1936), 2000

Alexander Shulgin Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, organic chemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author. He is credited with introducing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamph ...

(1925–2014), pioneer researcher in

Psychopharmacology Psychopharmacology (from Greek grc, ψῡχή, psȳkhē, breath, life, soul, label=none; grc, φάρμακον, pharmakon, drug, label=none; and grc, -λογία, -logia, label=none) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on m ...

and

Entheogens Entheogens are psychoactive substances that induce alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior for the purposes of engendering spiritual development or otherwiseRätsch, Christian, ''The Encyclopedia of Psychoacti ...

Salimuzzaman Siddiqui Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, ( ur, ; 19 October 1897 – 14 April 1994) was a Pakistani Muhajir organic chemist specialising in natural products, and a professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi. Siddiqui studied philosophy at Aligarh Mus ...

(1897–1994), Pakistani chemist, pioneer in natural products chemistry * Oktay Sinanoglu (1935–2015),

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

chemist * Joseph H. Simons (1897–1983), U.S. chemist, discoverer of

fluorocarbons Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds with carbon-fluorine bonds. Compounds that contain many C-F bonds often has distinctive properties, e.g., enhanced stability, volatility, and hydrophobicity. Fluorocarbons and their derivatives are commerci ...

, used in

gaseous diffusion Gaseous diffusion is a technology used to produce enriched uranium by forcing gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6) through semipermeable membranes. This produces a slight separation between the molecules containing uranium-235 (235U) and uranium-2 ...

of Uranium for

Manhattan project The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project w ...

Jens Christian Skou Jens Christian Skou (; 8 October 1918 – 28 May 2018) was a Danish biochemist and Nobel laureate. Early life Skou was born in Lemvig, Denmark to a wealthy family. His father Magnus Martinus Skou was a timber and coal merchant. His mother Ane-Ma ...

(1918–2018), 1997

Richard Smalley Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 – October 28, 2005) was an American chemist who was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy at Rice University. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of ch ...

(1943–2005), 1996

* Michael Smith (1932–2000), 1993

Ascanio Sobrero Ascanio Sobrero (12 October 1812 – 26 May 1888) was an Italian chemist, born in Casale Monferrato. He was studying under Théophile-Jules Pelouze at the University of Turin, who had worked with the explosive material guncotton. He studied me ...

(1812–1888), Italian chemist, discoverer of nitroglycerin *

Frederick Soddy Frederick Soddy FRS (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions. He also prove ...

(1877–1956), British chemist, 1921

Susan Solomon Susan Solomon (born January 19, 1956 in Chicago) is an American atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 2011, Solomon joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech ...

(born 1956), American atmospheric chemist *

Ernest Solvay Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (; 16 April 1838 – 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist. Born in Rebecq, he was prevented by his acute pleurisy from going to university. He worked in his uncle's chemical factor ...

(1838–1922), Belgian chemist and industrialist * S.P.L. Sørensen (1868–1939), Danish chemist * Gabor A. Somorjai (born 1935), 1998

Georg Ernst Stahl Georg Ernst Stahl (22 October 1659 – 24 May 1734) was a German chemist, physician and philosopher. He was a supporter of vitalism, and until the late 18th century his works on phlogiston were accepted as an explanation for chemical processes.Ku ...

(1659–1734), Important work on fermentation *

Wendell Meredith Stanley Wendell Meredith Stanley (16 August 1904 – 15 June 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate. Biography Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana, and earned a BSc in Chemistry at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. He ...

(1904–1971), 1946

* Jean Servais Stas (1813–1891), Belgian analytical chemist *

Branko Stanovnik Branko Stanovnik (born August 11, 1938) is a Slovenian chemist, specializing in organic chemistry, and member of SAZU The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( sl, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of S ...

(born 1938), chemist *

Hermann Staudinger Hermann Staudinger (; 23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also ...

(1881–1965), polymer chemist, 1953

Harry Steenbock Harry Steenbock (August 16, 1886, Charlestown, Wisconsin – December 25, 1967, Madison, Wisconsin) was a Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Steenbock graduated from Wisconsin in 1916, where he was a member o ...

(1886–1967), American biochemist, work on

ultraviolet Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nanometer, nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 Hertz, PHz) to 400 nm (750 Hertz, THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than ...

irradiation Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. The exposure can originate from various sources, including natural sources. Most frequently the term refers to ionizing radiation, and to a level of radiation that will serve ...

William Howard Stein William Howard Stein (June 25, 1911 – February 2, 1980) was an American biochemist who collaborated in the determination of the ribonuclease sequence, as well as how its structure relates to catalytic activity, earning a Nobel Prize in Ch ...

(1911–1980), 1972

* Thomas A. Steitz (1940–2018), 2009

* Douglas Stephan, Frustrated Lewis Pairs *

Alfred Stock Alfred Stock (July 16, 1876 – August 12, 1946) was a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Me ...

(1876–1946), German inorganic chemist, known for work in

mercury poisoning Mercury poisoning is a type of metal poisoning due to exposure to mercury. Symptoms depend upon the type, dose, method, and duration of exposure. They may include muscle weakness, poor coordination, numbness in the hands and feet, skin rashe ...

Fraser Stoddart Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born 24 May 1942) is a British-American chemist who is Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in ...

(born 1942), Scottish chemist, a pioneer in the field of the

mechanical bond Mechanical may refer to: Machine * Machine (mechanical), a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement * Mechanical calculator, a device used to perform the basic operations of ...

Molly Shoichet Molly S. Shoichet , is a Canadian science professor, specializing in chemistry, biomaterials and biomedical engineering. She was Ontario's first Chief Scientist. Shoichet is a biomedical engineer known for her work in tissue engineering, and is ...

, award-winning Canadian biomedical engineer known for her work in

tissue engineering Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of Cell (biology), cells, engineering, Materials science, materials methods, and suitable biochemistry, biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintai ...

. She is the only person to be a fellow of the three

National Academies A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly research activities and standards for academic disciplines, most frequently in the sciences but also the humanit ...

in Canada *

F. Gordon A. Stone Francis Gordon Albert Stone CBE, FRS, FRSC (19 May 1925 – 6 April 2011), always known as Gordon, was a British chemist who was a prolific and decorated scholar. He specialized in the synthesis of main group and transition metal organo ...

(1925–2011), British inorganic chemist * S. Donald Stookey (1915–2014), American glass and ceramic chemist *

Gilbert Stork Gilbert Stork (December 31, 1921 – October 21, 2017) was an organic chemist. For a quarter of a century he was the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. He is known for making significant contributions to the t ...

(1921–2017), 1995/6

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz Friedrich may refer to: Names * Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' * Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other * Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Year ...

(1829–1896), German organic chemist, principal founder of chemical structure *James B. Sumner (1887–1955), 1946

*Kenneth S. Suslick (born 1952), professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, known for optoelectronic nose *Edwin Sutermeister (1876–1958), American chemist, known for its work on papermaking *Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971), 1926

*Joseph Swan (1828–1914), English physicist, chemist and inventor *Frédéric Swarts (1866–1940), Belgian chemist, prepared the first chlorofluorocarbon compound *Richard Laurence Millington Synge (1914–1994), 1952

T

*Koichi Tanaka (born 1959), 2002

*Henry Taube (1915–2005), 1983

*Louis Jacques Thénard (1777–1857), French chemist, discovered hydrogen peroxide and cobalt blue, Thenard's Blue *Sir Harold Warris Thompson (1908–1983), English physical chemist *J. J. Thomson (1856–1940), British physicist, Known in chemistry for discovery of isotopes *Don Tilley, T. Don Tilley (born 1954), organometallic chemist *Arne Tiselius (1902–1971), 1948

*Max Tishler (1906–1989), 1970

*Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd (1907–1997), 1957

*Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), Italian physicist and chemist who invented the barometer, pupil of Galileo *Roger Y. Tsien (1952–2016), 2008

*Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist, known for adsorption chromatography *Kristy Turner, British chemist

U

*Georges Urbain (1872–1938), French chemist, discovered the element lutetium *Harold Clayton Urey (1893–1981), 1934

V

*Lauri Vaska (1925–2015), Estonian/American chemist *Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763–1829), Discovered the elements beryllium and chromium *Vincent du Vigneaud (1901–1978), 1955

*Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895–1973), chemist, Nobel Prize laureate *Max Volmer, Germany (1885–1965) *Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), electrochemist, invented the voltaic cell

W

*Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923) *James Walker (chemist), Sir James Walker (1863–1935), Scottish physical chemist *John E. Walker (born 1941), 1997

*Otto Wallach (1847–1931), German chemist, 1910

*John Warner (chemist), John Warner (born 1962), American chemist, 2014 Perkin Medal, one of the "founders" of green chemistry *Alfred Werner (1866–1919), Swiss chemist, 1913

*Thomas Summers West (1927–2010), British analytical chemist *Peter Jaffrey Wheatley (1921–1997) *Chaim Weizmann (1874–1952), Russian chemist, developed the Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation, ABE-process *George M. Whitesides (born 1939), American chemist *John Rex Whinfield (1901–1966), British chemist, discovered polyester fibres *Otto Wichterle (1913-1998), Czech chemist, known for inventing modern contact lenses *Heinrich Otto Wieland (1877–1957), German chemist 1927

*Julius Wilbrand (1839–1906), inventor of Trinitrotoluene, TNT *Harvey W. Wiley (1844–1930), American chemist, pure food and drug advocate *Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson (1921–1996), 1973

*Alexander William Williamson (1824–1904), English chemist, famous for Williamson ether synthesis *Thomas Willson (1860–1915), Canadians, Canadian chemist, discovered an economically efficient process for creating calcium carbide *Richard Willstätter (1872–1942), 1915

*Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (1876–1959), 1928

*Günter Wirths (1911–2005), German chemist *Georg Wittig (1897–1987), 1979

*Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882), German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea *William Hyde Wollaston (1766–1828), English chemist, discovered the elements palladium and rhodium *Robert Burns Woodward, Robert B. Woodward (1917–1979), 1965

*Charles de Worms (1903–1979) *Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817–1884), Alsace, Alsatian French chemist, discovered the Wurtz reaction *Kurt Wüthrich (born 1938), 2002

X

*Xiaoliang Sunney Xie (born 1962), chemist at Harvard University. A pioneer in the field of Single Molecule Microscopy and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy) microscopy *Xie Yi (born 1967), China, Chinese chemist, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Y

*Ada Yonath (born 1939), 2006/7

, 2009

*Sabir Yunusov (1909–1995), Soviet Union, Soviet chemist (alkaloids)

Z

*Richard Zare (born 1939), 2005

*Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953), Russian and Soviet Organic chemist, inventor of the first effective gas mask (1915) *Ahmed H. Zewail (1946–2016), Egyptian, 1999

for his work on femtochemistry *Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), 1963

*Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1865–1929), 1925

Chemists famous in other areas

*Xi Jinping (born 1953), General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of the People's Republic of China, President of China *Marion Barry (1936–2014), Masters in Organic Chemistry, American politician *

(1833–1887), Russian chemist and composer *Jerry Buss (1934–2013), PhD in Physical Chemistry, owner of the NBA LA Lakers and other sports franchises *Catherine Coleman (born 1960), American chemist and retired NASA astronaut who went on two Space Shuttle missions *Emmanuel Dongala (born 1941), Congolese chemist and novelist *Elizabeth J. Feinler (born 1931), American information scientist and past director of the Network Information Systems Center at the Stanford Research Institute *Marye Anne Fox (1947–2021), American chemist and university chancellor *Dolph Lundgren (born 1957), Masters in Chemistry, Swedish actor *Primo Levi (1919–1987), resistance fighter, chemist and novelist *

(1711–1765), Russian chemist, historian, philologist, and poet *Angela Merkel (born 1954), doctorate in quantum chemistry, Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021) *Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), invented descriptive geometry *Francis Muguet (1955–2009), advocate of open information access *Edward W. Morley (1838–1923), performed the Michelson–Morley experiment *Knute Rockne (1888–1931), head football coach of Notre Dame *Elio Di Rupo (born 1951), Prime Minister of Belgium *Israel Shahak (1933–2001) *Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990), research chemist at BX Plastics

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chemists, List Of Chemists, * Lists of natural scientists Chemistry-related lists