This is a list of political offices which have been held by a woman, with details of the first woman holder of each office. It is ordered by the countries in Europe and by dates of appointment. Please observe that this list is meant to contain only the first woman to hold of a political office, and not all the female holders of that office.

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

People's Socialist Republic

* Member of Parliament –

Naxhije Dume Naxhije Dume (3 January 1921 – 29 September 2008) was an Albanian politician. She was one of the first group of female members of the Albanian parliament and the first female minister, serving briefly as Minister of Education in 1948. Biograp ...

Liri Gega Liri Gega (1917 – December 1956) was an Albanian communist activist and politician. The only female founder member of the Communist Party of Albania, she was one of the first group of women elected to parliament in 1945. However, she was later ...

and

Ollga Plumbi Ollga Plumbi (1898 – 1984) was an Albanian feminist, activist and politician. She also was elected as deputy of the Albanian parliament in 1945 but became known as one of the first feminists in Albania. Biography Ollga Plumbi, also known wi ...

– 1946 * Minister of Culture, Education and Science –

Nexhmije Hoxha Nexhmije Hoxha (; ; 8 February 1921 – 26 February 2020) was an Albanian communist politician. For many years she was the wife of Enver Hoxha, the first leader of the Socialist People's Republic of Albania and the First Secretary of the Party o ...

– 1946 * Member of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania –

Liri Belishova Liri Belishova (14 October 1926 – 23 April 2018) was an Albanian politician. She was a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania and an important political figure in Albania between 1944 and 1960. Life Born in the village of ...

– 1950 * Chairperson of the State-Planning Committee in the Council of Ministers – Petra Dode – 1972 * Minister of Agriculture –

Themie Thomai Themie Thomai Prifti (July 11, 1917 – July 11, 1999) was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour. She served as a Minister of Agriculture from 1986-1987,1989 to July 11-August 2 1992. Career Themie Thomai initially worked as a ...

– 1975 * President of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania – Mine Guri – 1978 * Minister of Light Industry – Esma Ulqinaku – 1982 * Minister for Light- and Food Industry –

Vito Kapo Vito Kapo ( Kondi, 11 September 1922 – 29 February 2020) was an Albanian politician who served as Minister of the Light Industry. She was the wife of Hysni Kapo, a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, and a sister of the A ...

– 1982

Republic

Foreign Minister A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

–

Arta Dade Arta Dade (born 15 March 1953) is an Albanian politician and former member of Parliament for the Socialist Party. She served from 1997–2007. During her political career, she held several government posts such as Minister of Culture and Ministe ...

– 2001 *

Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, ...

–

Ermelinda Meksi Ermelinda Meksi is an Albanian politician, who held different positions in the Cabinet of Albania during the years 1997 to 2005. She is the first woman to be appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, the highest office held by a woman at the time in ...

– 2003 * Chairwoman of the Parliament – Jozefina Topalli – 2005 * European Integration Minister –

Majlinda Bregu Majlinda Bregu (born 19 May 1974) is an Albanian politician and diplomat. She served as Minister of European Integration and Government Spokeswoman from 2007 to 2013 in the Berisha cabinet. A member of the Albanian Parliament from 2005 until 2 ...

– 2005 *

Defence Minister A defence minister or minister of defence is a cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in som ...

–

Mimi Kodheli Mimi Kodheli (born 11 September 1964) is an Albanian economist and politician who served as Minister of Defense of Albania in the government of Prime Minister Edi Rama. She was the first woman to be appointed to the post. Early life and educat ...

– 2013 * Education and Sport Minister –

Lindita Nikolla Lindita Nikolla (born: 22 October 1965) is an Albanian politician who is serving as the Speaker of the Parliament since September 10, 2021. Previously she served as the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth The Ministry of Education, Sports an ...

– 2013 *

Minister of Economy A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation. A finance minister's portfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", ...

– Milva Ekonomi – 2015 *

Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a v ...

–

Etilda Gjonaj Etilda Gjonaj (born May 6, 1981) is an Albanian politician, lawyer, and professor. She served as Minister of Justice of Albania. Early life Etilda Gjonaj was born Etilda Saliu in Pukë, Albania on 6 May 1981. In 2003, Gjonaj graduated from ...

– 2017

Andorra , image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro ...

* Councillor/Parliamentarian –

Mercè Bonell Mercè Bonell i Bertran is an Andorran politician. She became the first female member of the General Council after replacing a councilor on 20 November 1984, an office she held until 1986. She was member of the Liberal Party of Andorra The Li ...

– 1984 * Minister for Public Service – Mercé Sansa Renyer – 1985 * Secretary General of Tourism and Sport –

Monserrat Roncheras Santacreu Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. Montserrat or Monserrat may also refer to: People * Montserrat (given name) * Montserrat (surname) Places Americas * Monserrat, Buenos Aires, a neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argent ...

– 1985 * Secretary General of the Conceil Generall – Susangna Arasanz Serra – 1991 * Minister for Education, Sport and Youth – Rosa Maria Mandico Alcobe – 1994 * Minister of Finance – Susangna Arasanz Serra – 1994 * Secretary of State for Health in the Ministry of Health and Welfare – Lidia Magallon Font – 1995 * Secretary of State of Agriculture – Olga Adellach Coma – 1997 * Minister of Agriculture and Environment – Olga Adellach Coma – 1998 * Mayor of Andorra la Vella – Conxita Mora Jordana – 1999 * Minister of Health and Welfare – Mònica Codina Tort – 2001 *

–

Meritxell Mateu i Pi Meritxell Mateu i Pi (born January 19, 1966) is an Andorran politician, member of the Partit Liberal d'Andorra who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2009, being the first female to hold this office. Previous positions she has h ...

– 2007 * Representative of the French Co-Prince of Andorra – Emmanuelle Mignon – 2007 * Speaker of the Parliament –

Roser Suñé Pascuet Roser Suñé Pascuet (born 26 August 1960) is an Andorran politician, current and first female to hold the office of General Syndic of the General Council, the Speaker of the Parliament of Andorra since 3 May 2019. She was born in the old town ...

– 3 May 2019

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...

Kingdom of Armenia

* Monarch —

Erato of Armenia Erato (Armenian: Էրատո) was a queen of Armenia from the Artaxiad dynasty. She ruled as Roman client queen from 8 BC until 1 AD with her brother-husband King Tigranes IV. After living in political exile for a number of years, she co-ruled as R ...

– 1st century BC & first half of 1st century

First Republic of Armenia The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle ...

* Member of Parliament —

Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan (died 1965) was an Armenian politician. In 1919 she was elected to parliament, becoming one of the first three female MPs in the country. Biography Zalyan-Manukyan was a nurse and worked at orphanages. She married Aram M ...

— 1919 * Member of Parliament —

Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan ( hy, Պերճուհի Պարտիզպանյան-Բարսեղյան, 1886 – 18 May 1940) was an Armenian pedagog, writer and humanitarian worker. She was one of the first three women elected to serve as a member ...

— 1919 * Member of Parliament —

Varvara Sahakyan Varvara Sahakyan (died 1934) was an Armenian politician. In 1919 she was elected to parliament, becoming one of the first three female MPs in the country. Biography Sahakyan married Avetik Sahakyan, who became the first Chairman of the Parliame ...

— 1919

Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic,; russian: Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика, translit=Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) also commonly referred to as Soviet A ...

* Deputy Premier Minister – Rema Khristoforovna Svetlova – 1975 * Minister of Trade – Nina Asmayan – 1991

Republic of Armenia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

Ombudsman An ombudsman (, also ,), ombud, ombuds, ombudswoman, ombudsperson or public advocate is an official who is usually appointed by the government or by parliament (usually with a significant degree of independence) to investigate complaints and at ...

–

Larisa Alaverdyan Larisa Alaverdyan ( hy, Լարիսա Ալավերդյան; born 21 September 1943), is an Armenian pedagogue and politician who served as the first Human Rights Defender of Armenia (Ombudsman), member of the National Assembly between 2007 and 2012 ...

– 1 March 2004 *

Minister of Culture A culture minister or a heritage minister is a common cabinet position in governments. The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy (direct and indirect support to artists and arts organizati ...

—

Hasmik Poghosyan Hasmik S. Poghosyan ( hy, Հասմիկ Պողոսյան, May 22, 1960, Yerevan, Armenia), Armenian state and political figure, Minister of Culture of RA (2006-2016). Biography Hasmik Poghosyan was born on 22 May 1960 in Yerevan in the family of ...

– 8 June 2007 * Minister of Diaspora —

Hranush Hakobyan Hranush Hrant Hakobyan ( hy, Հրանուշ Հրանտի Հակոբյան) is an Armenian politician who is the longest-serving woman in the National Assembly of Armenia and among the only seven women members of Armenia's Parliament. She was th ...

– 1 October 2008 * Deputy President of National Assembly —

Hermine Naghdalyan Hermine Naghdalyan ( hy, Հերմինե Նաղդալյան 28 July 1960) is an Armenian economist and politician who is deputy speaker of the National Assembly. Early life and education Naghdalyan was born on 28 July 1960 in Yerevan. She has a P ...

– 31 May 2012 * Leader of

Prosperous Armenia Prosperous Armenia Party (PAP; hy, Բարգավաճ Հայաստան կուսակցություն, Bargavatch Hayastan kusaktsut’yun, abbreviated as ԲՀԿ BHK), is a conservative political party in Armenia. It was founded by businessman Gagik ...

Political Party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...

–

Naira Zohrabyan Naira Zohrabyan (born 8 May 1965) is an Armenian politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Armenia for the Prosperous Armenia party. She stood for her party to become the Mayor of Yerevan at the 2018 Yerevan City Council election. ...

– 5 March 2015 *

—

Arpine Hovhannisyan Arpine Hovhannisyan ( hy, Արփինե Աշոտի Հովհաննիսյան; born 4 December 1983) is an Armenian politician, lawyer, former Minister of Justice of Armenia, and former Vice President of the National Assembly of Armenia. Hovhannisya ...

– 4 September 2015 *

— Lilit Makunts — 12 May 2018 (

Pashinyan government The Second Pashinyan government was the executive branch of the government of Armenia from 14 January 2019 to 2 August 2021. Nikol Pashinyan was appointed Prime Minister by President Armen Sarkissian on 14 January 2019, after My Step Alliance's d ...

) *Minister of Labor and Social Affairs — Mane Tandilyan — 12 May 2018 (

)

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Imperial

Monarch A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority ...

–

Maria Theresia of Austria Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

– 1740

Republic

* Member of Parliament – Anna Boschek – 1919 *

President of the Bundesrat In Germany, the President of the Bundesrat or President of the Federal Council (German: ''Bundesratspräsident'') is the chairperson (speaker) of the Bundesrat (Federal Council). The president is elected by the Bundesrat for a term of one year ...

–

Olga Ruder-Zeynek Olga Rudel-Zeynek (1871–1948), was an Austrian politician and journalist. She served as President of the Bundesrat In Germany, the President of the Bundesrat or President of the Federal Council (German: ''Bundesratspräsident'') is the chairp ...

– 1927 * Understate secretary for Food –

Helene Postranecky Helene "Hella" Postranecky (12 March 1903 - 5 January 1995) was an Austrian politician. (SDAP, KPÖ). She served as an undersecretary of state under Karl Renner between April and December 1945. That made her the first woman to serve as a member ...

– 1945 * Government Minister (Minister of Social Affairs) – Grete Rehor – 1966 *

Minister for Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between coun ...

–

Benita Ferrero-Waldner Benita Ferrero-Waldner (born 5 September 1948) is an Austrian diplomat and politician, and a member of the conservative Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). Ferrero-Waldner served as Foreign Minister of Austria 2000–2004 and was the candidate of th ...

– 2000 *

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...

– Hilde Zach – 2002–2011 *

Minister for Justice A Ministry of Justice is a common type of government department that serves as a justice ministry. Lists of current ministries of justice Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia) * Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Just ...

– Karin Gastinger – 2004 *

European Commissioner for Trade The European Commissioner for Trade (sometimes referred to as the ''EU Trade Commissioner'') is the member of the European Commission responsible for the Common Commercial Policy (EU), European Union's common commercial policy. Responsibilities ...

and

European Neighbourhood Policy The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a foreign relations instrument of the European Union (EU) which seeks to tie those countries to the east and south of the European territory of the EU to the Union. These countries, primarily developing ...

–

– 2009

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

Soviet Socialist Republic

* Cabinet Minister –

Ayna Sultanova Ayna Mahmud gizi Sultanova (1895 – 1938) was an Azerbaijani Communist party activist and statesperson. She was one of the first Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani female revolutionaries and in 1938, became the first Azerbaijani female cabinet minister. ...

– 1938 * Minister of Justice –

– 1938 * Chairperson of the Committee for Science and Technology at the Council of Ministers –

Tahira Tahirova Tahira Akbar qizi Tahirova ( az, Tahirə Əkbər qızı Tahirova, russian: Таи́ра Акпе́ровна Таи́рова; 7 November 1913 – 26 October 1991) was a Soviet politician and diplomat. She served as Foreign Minister of the ...

– 1957 * Minister of Education –

Sakina Aliyeva Sakina Aliyeva ( az, Səkinə Abbas qızı Əliyeva, russian: Алиева, Сакина Аббас кызы 15 April 1925 – 2010) was an Azerbaijani-Soviet politician. From 1951, she served in various capacities in the Nakhchivan Regional Comm ...

– 1958 * Minister of Foreign Affairs –

– 1959 * Deputy Premier Minister –

– 1963 * Vice-President – S.M. Mamedaliyeva – 1963 * Minister of Higher and Special Education – Zuleikha Ismail-Kyzy Guseinova – 1965 * Minister Social Affairs – L.P. Lykova – 1965 * Head of the Central Committee Department of Agriculture – L.D. Radzhabova – 1971 * Minister of Public Service/Consumers Protection – Zuleikha Mageran Kyzy Gasanova – 1974 * Minister of Trade – Svetlana Chingvitz-Kyzy Kasimova – 1979 * Minister of Foreign Affairs –

Elmira Gafarova Elmira Mikayil qizi Gafarova ( az, Elmira Mikayıl qızı Qafarova / Елмира Микајыл гызы Гафарова) (born March 1, 1934 – August 1, 1993), also spelled as Elmira Qafarova ( az, Elmira Qafarova / Елмира Гафаро� ...

– 1983 * Chairwoman of the Presidium of the

Supreme Soviet The Supreme Soviet (russian: Верховный Совет, Verkhovny Sovet, Supreme Council) was the common name for the legislative bodies (parliaments) of the Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ...

–

– 1989 * Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan –

– 1990

Republic

* Chairwoman of the

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repre ...

–

– 1991 * Secretary of State –

Lala Shevket Lala Shevket ( az, Lalə Şövkət, sometimes transliterated as ''Lala Şövkat'' or ''Lala Shovkat''; Лала Шевкет in Russian transliteration) (born 7 November 1951, Baku) is an Azerbaijani politician, the Leader of the National Unity ...

– 1993 *

–

Südaba Hasanova Südaba Jamshid gizi Hasanova ( az, Südabə Cəmşid qızı Həsənova; born 1947), is an Azerbaijani magistrate, first female President of the Supreme Court and Minister of Justice. She is also magistrate of the Constitutional Court. Biography ...

-1995 *

Vice President of Azerbaijan The vice-president of Azerbaijan is the second-highest constitutional office in Azerbaijan, after the president. The first and current vice-president is First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva. Ilham Aliyev, the president of Azerbaijan, created the position o ...

–

Mehriban Aliyeva Mehriban Arif gizi Aliyeva (; az, Mehriban Arif qızı Əliyeva Paşayeva, ; born 26 August 1964) is an Azerbaijani politician and physician who is the vice president and First Lady of Azerbaijan. She is married to Ilham Aliyev, the president o ...

– 2017

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...

Soviet Socialist Republic

* Chairman of the Supreme Soviet – Nadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova – 1938 * Public Commisar of Education – Evdokiya Ilinichna Uralova – 1938 * Deputy Premier Minister for Culture – Nina Leonovna Snezhkova – 1970 * Minister of Food Industry – Ionna A. Stavrovskaia – 1980

Belgium

Count of Flanders The count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders, beginning in the 9th century. Later, the title would be held for a time, by the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. During the French Revolution, in 1790, the co ...

–

Margaret I Margaret I may refer to: * Margaret I, Countess of Flanders (died 1194) * Margaret I of Scotland (1283–1290), usually known as the Maid of Norway * Margaret I, Countess of Holland (1311–1356), Countess of Hainaut and Countess of Holland * Ma ...

– 1191 *

Count of Luxembourg The territory of Luxembourg has been ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815. Counts of Luxembourg House of A ...

–

Ermesinde Ermesinde is a civil parish in the municipality (''concelho'') of Valongo, in continental Portugal, northeast of Porto. The population in 2011 was 38940,Count of Hainaut The Count of Hainaut (; ; ) was the ruler of the county of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries (including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany). In English-la ...

–

– 1244 *

Duke of Brabant The Duke of Brabant (, ) was the ruler of the Duchy of Brabant since 1183/1184. The title was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of Henry I of the House of Reginar, son of Godfrey III of Leuven (who was duke of Low ...

–

Joanna Joanna is a feminine given name deriving from from he, יוֹחָנָה, translit=Yôḥānāh, lit=God is gracious. Variants in English include Joan (given name), Joan, Joann, Joanne (given name), Joanne, and Johanna. Other forms of the name in ...

– 1355 *

Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy (french: duc de Bourgogne) was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by France in 1477, and later by Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of Spain from the House of Habsburg ...

–

Mary of Burgundy Mary (french: Marie; nl, Maria; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled a collection of states that included the duchies of Limburg, Brabant, Luxembourg, the counties of ...

– 1477 *

Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands The governor ( nl, landvoogd) or governor-general () of the Habsburg Netherlands was a representative appointed by the Holy Roman emperor (1504-1556), the king of Spain (1556-1598, 1621-1706), and the archduke of Austria (1716-1794), to administ ...

– Margaret of Austria – 1507 *

Duke of Bouillon The Duchy of Bouillon (french: Duché de Bouillon) was a duchy comprising Bouillon and adjacent towns and villages in present-day Belgium. The state originated in the 10th century as property of the Lords of Bouillon, owners of Bouillon Castle. ...

–

Charlotte de La Marck Charlotte de La Marck (5 November 1574 – 15 May 1594) was a ruling Princess of Sedan and a Duchess of Bouillon in her own right between 1588 and 1594.Pierre Congar, Jean Lecaillon et Jacques Rousseau, Sedan et le pays sedanais, vingt siè ...

– 1574

Kingdom

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

(

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

) –

Marie Janson Marie Janson (23 July 1873 – 8 March 1960) was a Belgian politician and the first woman to serve in the Belgian senate. She was a daughter of Paul Janson and Anna-Augustine Amoré. Born in Brussels, her father Paul Janson was leading memb ...

– 1921 *

– Léonie Keingiaert de Gheluvelt, (

Gheluvelt Zonnebeke (; vls, Zunnebeke) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the villages of , , Passendale, Zandvoorde and Zonnebeke proper. On January 1, 2006, Zonnebeke had a total population of ...

) – 1921 *

( Chamber of Representatives) –

Lucie Dejardin Lucie Dejardin (; 31 July 1875 – 28 October 1945) was a Belgian politician, the first female member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. She was elected under the auspices of the Belgian Workers Party to represent the district of Liège i ...

– 1929 * Minister for Family and Housing – Marguerite De Riemaecker-Legot – 1965 * Minister for Flemish Affairs – Rika De Backer – 1974 *

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

–

Mathilde Schroyens Mathilde Joséphina Schroyens (28 December 1912 – 27 February 1996) was a Belgian politician associated with the Belgian Socialist Party and subsequently the Parti Socialiste. She was mayor of Antwerp from 1977 to 1982. The daughter of Fo ...

– 1977 *

Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party, either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political ...

of major political party –

Antoinette Spaak Antoinette Spaak (27 June 192828 August 2020) was a Belgian politician and leading figure within Francophone and regionalist politics in Brussels. She was born into a noted political family and entered politics as part of the regionalist Democra ...

– 1977 * Secretary of State for

Brussels Region Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

–

Lydia De Pauw Lydia De Pauw-Deveen (born 26 June 1929) is a Belgian who served in the Senate as a Socialist. She also served in Martens I Government The Martens I Government was the national government of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 23 January 1980. It was ...

– 1979 * Secretary of State for the Dutch-speaking Community – Rika Steyeart – 1979"Sénat de Belgique – Belgische Senaat 22/12/1999"
senate.be. * Secretary of State for Environment and Social Emancipation –

Miet Smet Miet Smet (born 5 April 1943) is a Belgian politician for the Christian Democratic and Flemish party (CD&V). Career In 1988, Smet became the president of the European Centre for Workers' Questions, a position which she held till 1995. Career i ...

– 1985"Biografie van Miet Smet"
Instituut voor de Gelijkheid van Vrouwen en Mannen, 2009. * Secretary of State for Pensions –

Leona Detiège --> Career Detiège was a civil servant at the Belgian ministry of Economic Affairs, at the economic planning office, head-master of the "Volkshogeschool Emile Vandervelde" (adult-university, evening classes) in Antwerp. From 1970 to 1974 she wor ...

– 1988 * Minister for Budget – Wivina Demeester – 1991 * Minister for Employment and Labour –

– 1992 *

Minister of Health A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare and other social security services. Some governments have separate ministers for mental health. Coun ...

–

Laurette Onkelinx Laurette A. J. Onkelinx (born 2 October 1958) is a Belgian politician from the Francophone Socialist Party. She was the Deputy Prime Minister – Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health in the Belgian federal government, i.e., the Di Rupo G ...

– 1992"Laurette Onkelinx"
Lesoir.be. Retrieved 19 May 2012. *

Minister-President A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers. It ...

of the

French Community The French Community (1958–1960; french: Communauté française) was the constitutional organization set up in 1958 between France and its remaining African colonies, then in the process of decolonization. It replaced the French Union, which ...

–

– 1993 * Minister for Social Affairs – Magda De Galan – 1994 *

–

Isabelle Durant Isabelle Annie J. Durant (born 4 September 1954) is a Belgian politician of the Ecolo party who served as Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from 2017 to 2021 and as acting Secretary-General ...

– 1999"Isabelle Durant, vice-présidente du Parlement européen"
Lelibre.be 24/06/2009. *

Minister of Transport A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government agen ...

–

– 1999 *

–

– 2003 * President of the

–

Anne-Marie Lizin Anne-Marie Lizin-Vanderspeeten (5 January 1949 – 17 October 2015) was a Belgian politician, who served as the President of the Senate of Belgium from 2004 to 2007. Political career Her career in politics began as a member of the city council ...

– 2004 * President of the Parliament of the

–

Isabelle Simonis Isabelle Simonis (born 4 March 1967) is a Belgians, Belgian politician from the Socialist Party (francophone Belgium), Socialist Party. Simonis studied Communication studies, communication, and she was active in the socialist women's rights mo ...

– 2004 * President of the

Flemish Parliament The Flemish Parliament (Dutch: , formerly called Flemish Council or ''Vlaamse Raad'') constitutes the legislative power in Flanders for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and as a cultural communi ...

–

Marleen Vanderpoorten Marleen Caroline Valère Vanderpoorten (born 21 July 1954) Belgian politician from Flanders and member of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats (VLD). She is a daughter of Herman Vanderpoorten and a granddaughter of Arthur Vanderpoorten. She obtai ...

– 2006 *

European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility The Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights is a member of the European Commission. The position was previously titled as the ''Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility'' until 2019. The portfolio is responsible for ...

–

Marianne Thyssen Marianne Leonie Petrus Thyssen (; born 24 July 1956) is a Belgian politician of the Christian Democratic and Flemish Party (CD&V) who served as European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility between 2014 and 2019 ...

– 2014 *

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

–

Sophie Wilmès Sophie Wilmès (; born 15 January 1975) is a Belgian politician who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 2019 to 2020. She later served as minister of Foreign Affairs from 2020 to 2022. A member of the Reformist Movement, she is the fir ...

– 2019

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina This article lists the members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the country's new Constitution from December 1995, adopted following the Dayton Agreement. The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is composed of three members, e ...

–

Željka Cvijanović Željka Cvijanović (; sr-cyr, Жељка Цвијановић, ; born 2 August 1967) is a Bosnian Serb politician who is the 9th and current President of Republika Srpska. She was the 11th Prime Minister of Republika Srpska from 12 March 2013 ...

– 2022 * Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina –

– 2022 * Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers –

Borjana Krišto Borjana Krišto (; born 13 August 1961) is a Bosnian Croat politician serving as the 11th Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina since January 2023. She previously served as the 8th president of the Federation of Bosni ...

– 2023

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

–

– 2007 * Mayor of

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its a ...

– Semiha Borovac – 2005

Republika Srpska

* Minister of Finance – Petra Marković – 1992 *

–

Biljana Plavšić Biljana Plavšić ( sr-Cyrl, Биљана Плавшић; born 7 July 1930) is a former Bosnian Serb politician and university professor who served as President of Republika Srpska and was later convicted of crimes against humanity for her role ...

– 1996 * Minister of Finance – Svetlana Cenić – 2004 * Vice President of Parliament – Nada Tešanović – 2006 * Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic relations and Regional cooperation – Jasna Brkić – 2006 * Minister of Self-government – Lejla Rešić – 2010 * Minister of Tourism and Trade – Gorana Zlatković – 2010 * Minister of Sport and youth – Nada Tešanović – 2010 *

– Biljana Marić – 2001 *Minister of Justice (

Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Feder ...

) �
Gorana Zlatković
– 2011 * Minister of Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology – Srebrenka Golić – 2010 * Minister of Economic regional relations –

– 2010 *

–

– 2013 * Minister of Tourism and Trade – Maida Ibširagić Hrstić – 2013

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

Kingdom

* Regent –

Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene ( bg, Мария Палеологина Кантакузина, el, Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα Καντακουζηνή; died after 1294) was an Empress consort of Bulgaria by marriage to two Bulgarian em ...

– 1271 or

Irene Komnene of Epirus Irene Komnene Doukaina or Eirene Komnene Doukaina ( el, Ειρήνη Κομνηνή Δούκαινα, bg, Ирина Комнина Дукина) was an Empress of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and Byzantine princess. She was the ...

– 1246 (disputed)

People's Republic

* Minister of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones –

Tsola Dragoycheva Tsola Nincheva Dragoycheva ( bg, Цола Нинчева Драгойчева; 18 August 1898 – 26 May 1993), also known under the pseudonym Sonya, was a Bulgarian politician of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). A member of the illegal ar ...

– 1947 * Deputy Minister of Finance - Vera Lukanova - 1954 * Member of the Politburo – Nadya Zenuka Vasileva Zhikova – 1961 * Minister, Chairperson of the Commission for Light Industry – Dora Pavlova – 1963 *

–

Svetla Daskalova Svetla ( bg, Светла) is a feminine given name. It may refer to: *Svetla Bozhkova (born 1951), retired female discus thrower, who competed for Bulgaria at two Summer Olympics: 1972 and 1980 *Svetla Dimitrova (born 1970), Bulgarian athlete who ...

– 1966 * Minister of Culture - Lyudmilla Zhivkova - 1975 * Minister of Education - Drazha Deleva Vulcheva - 1977

Republic

(acting) –

Reneta Indzhova Reneta Ivanova Indzhova ( bg, Ренета Иванова Инджова ) (born 6 July 1953) is a Bulgarian politician and manager. Between October 1994 and January 1995 she served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, the first, and so far, only, woman ...

– 1994 *

Foreign minister A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

(acting) –

Irina Bokova Irina Georgieva Bokova ( bg, Ирина Георгиева Бокова; born 12 July 1952) is a Bulgarian politician and the former Director-General of UNESCO (2009–2017). During her political and diplomatic career in Bulgaria, she served, a ...

– 1996 * European Commissioner for Consumer Protection –

Meglena Kuneva Meglena Shtilianova Kuneva ( bg, Меглена Щилиянова Кунева; born 22 June 1957) is a Bulgarian and EU politician. Biography Born in Sofia, Kuneva is descended from a Catholic family from the town of Rakovski. She graduat ...

– 2007 * President of the National Assembly –

Tsetska Tsacheva Tsetska Tsacheva Dangovska ( bg, Цецка Цачева Данговска; born 24 May 1958) is a Bulgarian politician from GERB and a jurist. She was the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Bulgaria from 4 May 2017 to 5 April 2019. She had p ...

– 2009 *

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...

–

Yordanka Fandakova Yordanka Asenova Fandakova ( bg, Йорданка Асенова Фандъкова) (born 12 April 1962) is a Bulgarian politician and Mayor of Sofia. She is the first woman to hold this position. She was elected on 15 November 2009, after defeat ...

– 2009

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Kingdom

* Regent (for

Stjepan Držislav Stjepan is a Croatian masculine given name, variant of Stephen, used by ijekavian speakers. In Croatia, the name Stjepan was among the top ten most common masculine given names in the decades up to 1969. Notable people with the name include: * S ...

) –

Jelena of Zadar Helen of Zadar ( hr, Jelena) (died 8 October 976), also known as Helen the Glorious, was the queen consort of the Kingdom of Croatia, as the wife of King Michael Krešimir II, from 946 to 969, a period which was marked by "peace, order and expe ...

, Queen of Croatia – 969 (disputed)

Socialist Republic of Croatia The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska, Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), or SR Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Social ...

* Finance Minister –

Anka Berus Anka Berus (1903–1991), was a Croatian politician (Communist). She was a member of the resistance during the Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted f ...

– 1945 *

Prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

–

Savka Dabčević-Kučar Savka Dabčević-Kučar (6 December 1923 – 6 August 2009) was a Croatian politician. She was one of the most influential Croatian female politicians during the communist period, especially during the Croatian Spring when she was deposed. Sh ...

– 1967 * President of the Presidency –

Ema Derossi-Bjelajac Ema Derossi-Bjelajac (3 May 1926 – 20 June 2020) was a Croatian politician who served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from 1985 u ...

– 1985

Republic

* Minister for Education –

Vesna Girardi-Jurkić Vesna Girardi-Jurkić (15 January 1944 – 25 August 2012) was a Croatian archeologist and museologist. She formerly served as the Croatian Minister of Education, Culture and Sport in the period between April 1992 and October 1994 in the cabinet ...

– 1992 * President of County house of Parliament (Senate) – Katica Ivanišević – 1994 * Minister for Building and Construction –

Marina Matulović-Dropulić Marina Matulović-Dropulić (born 21 June 1942) is a Croatian politician who served as Minister of Spatial Planning, Construction and Housing in the cabinet of prime Minister Zlatko Mateša from 1995 until 1996, and as Minister of Construction, ...

– 1995 * Vice

– Ljerka Mintas-Hodak – 1995 *

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

–

– 1996 * Minister for European Integration – Ljerka Mintas-Hodak – 1998 * Minister for Science – Milena Žic-Fuchs – 1999 *

Minister for Health A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare and other social security services. Some governments have separate ministers for mental health. Coun ...

– Ana Stavljenić-Rukavina – 2000 * Minister for Tourism – Pave Župan-Rusković – 2000 *

– Ingrid Antičević-Marinović – 2001 *

Minister for Defence {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...

–

Željka Antunović Željka Antunović (; born 15 September 1955) is a Croatian former politician who served as acting president of the Social Democratic Party between April and June 2007, and as Minister of Defence from 2002 until 2003 in the second cabinet of Ivi ...

– 2002 *

Minister without portfolio A minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet w ...

–

Gordana Sobol Gordana () is a Slavic female first name, mostly used in Slavic countries such as Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Name is derived from Proto-Slavic ''*gъrdъ'' (''gȏrd'') meaning proud. Notable ...

– 2002 *

–

Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (; born 29 April 1968) is a Croatian politician and diplomat who served as President of Croatia from 2015 to 2020. She was the first woman to be elected to the office since the first multi-party elections in 1990 and ...

– 2005 *

–

Jadranka Kosor Jadranka Kosor (; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the firs ...

– 2009 * Minister for Finance –

Martina Dalić Martina Dalić (; ; born 12 November 1967) is a Croatian economist and finance official who was a Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia and Minister of Economy, Small and Medium Entrepreneurship and Crafts in the Cabinet of Andrej Plenković. She was ...

– 2010 *

–

– 2015

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...

Kingdom

Regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

–

Plaisance of Antioch Plaisance of Antioch (1235/1236 or ca. 1235 – September 27/22, 1261) was Queen of Cyprus by marriage to King Henry I. She served as regent of the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem for their son, King Hugh II, in 1254–1261 and 1258–1261 r ...

– 1253 *

–

Charlotte of Cyprus Charlotte (28 June 1444 – 16 July 1487) was the Queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upon ...

– 1458

Republic

* Minister of Justice and Public Order –

Stella Soulioti Stella Soulioti (13 February 1920 – 1 November 2012) was a Cypriot attorney and politician. She was born in Limassol, the daughter of the lawyer Sir Panayiotis Cacoyannnis, and the sister of the film director Michael Cacoyannis. Soulioti was th ...

– 1960 *

Nicosia Nicosia ( ; el, Λευκωσία, Lefkosía ; tr, Lefkoşa ; hy, Նիկոսիա, romanized: ''Nikosia''; Cypriot Arabic: Nikusiya) is the largest city, capital, and seat of government of Cyprus. It is located near the centre of the Mesaor ...

–

Eleni Mavrou Eleni Mavrou (, ) is the Executive Chairman of Dialogos Media Group. She served as Minister of Interior of the Republic of Cyprus until February 2013. Until 2011, she was the mayor of the capital city Nicosia for 5 years. Thus, Ms Mavrou became t ...

– 2006 *

–

Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis ( el, Ερατώ Κοζάκου-Μαρκουλλή; born 3 August 1949) is a Cypriot politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus from July 2007 to March 2008 and from 5 August 2011 - 27 February 20 ...

– 2007 *

European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth The European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The portfolio was previously titled ''European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport'' until 2019 when it was ...

–

Androulla Vassiliou Androulla Vassiliou ( el, Ανδρούλλα Βασιλείου; born 30 November 1943) is a Cyprus, Cypriot and European Union, European politician. Between March 2008 and February 2010, she was the European Commissioner for Health, and then, u ...

– 2010

Northern Cyprus

unrecognized, secessionist state * Minister of Economy and Finance – Onur Boman – 1993 *

–

Sibel Siber Sibel Siber (born 13 December 1960) is a Turkish Cypriot politician. She served as the Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus between 13 June 2013, following the fall of the government of İrsen Küçük in a vote of no confidence, and 2 September 201 ...

– 2013 *

– Emine Çolak – 2015

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

Duchy of Bohemia

* Regent –

Ludmila of Bohemia Ludmila of Bohemia (c. 860 – 15 September 921) is a Czech people, Czech saint and martyr venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Orthodox and the Roman Catholics. She was born in Mělník as the daughter of the Sorbs, Sorbian pri ...

, Duchess Regent of Bohemia – 921

Kingdom of Bohemia

* Regent –

Kunigunda of Halych Kunigunda Rostislavna (1245 – 9 September 1285; Czech: ''Kunhuta Uherská'' or ''Kunhuta Haličská'') was Queen consort of Bohemia and its regent from 1278 until her death. She was a member of the House of Chernigov, and a daughter of Rostisl ...

, Queen Regent of Bohemia – 1278 * Monarch –

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

– 1740

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
(1918–1992)

*Members of the first Czechoslovak Parliament: Revolutionary National Assembly (unicameral) – Božena Ecksteinová, Anna Chlebounová, Irena Káňová, Františka Kolaříková, Luisa Landová-Štychová, Alice Masaryková,

Eliška Purkyňová Eliška Purkyňová (16 November 1868 – 22 October 1933) was a Czechoslovakian politician. In 1920 she was one of the first group of women elected to the Chamber of Deputies. Biography Purkyňová was born Alžběta Josefa Čapková in Libocho ...

, Božena Viková-Kunětická, Ludmila Zatloukalová-Coufalová, Františka Zeminová – 1918 * Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia – Anežka Hodinová-Spurná – 1945 *

Minister of Industry The industry minister is a cabinet position in a government. The title may refer to the head of the governmental department that specializes in industry. This position may also be responsible for trade and employment, areas that fall under the mini ...

–

Ludmila Jankovcová Ludmila Jankovcová (née Stračovská; 8 August 1897, Kutná Hora – 5 September 1990, Plzeň) was a Czechs, Czech politician. She was appointed Minister of Industry (Czechoslovakia), Minister of Industry in 1947, and Deputy Prime Minister in ...

– 1947 *

–

– 1954 * Minister of Consumer Industry – Božena Machačová-Dostálová – 1954 * Minister of Post and Telecommunication – Růžena Urbánková – 1969 * Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Soňa Pennigerová – 1969 * Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly – Eva Železníková – 1986 * Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Nations of the Federal Assembly – Blanka Hyková – 1989 *

Minister of State Audit Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

– Květoslava Kořínková – 1989

Czech Republic (1992–onward)

Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies Deputy or depute may refer to: * Steward (office) * Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy" * Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including: ** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spai ...

–

Petra Buzková Petra Buzková (born 7 December 1965) is a former Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in the Czech cabinet. She belongs to the Czech Social Democratic Party. In 1992-2006 she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Buzková obtained her Doc ...

– 1996 * Vice-President of the Senate –

Jaroslava Moserová MUDr. Jaroslava Moserová, DrSc. (born 17 January 1930, Prague, died 24 March 2006, Prague) was a Czech senator, ambassador, presidential candidate, doctor, and translator. Biography Moserová was born into a Czech-Jewish family in Prague. She ...

– 1996 *

–

Vlasta Parkanová Vlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the minister of Defence and shortly as minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was member of the Chamber of De ...

– 1997 *

–

Zuzana Roithová Zuzana Roithová (born 30 January 1953) is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament. She was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a substitute on the Committee on ...

– 1998 *

President of the Senate President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for e ...

–

Libuše Benešová Libuše Benešová (born 5 July 1948) is a Czech politician who served as the President of the Senate from 1998 to 2000. Benešová was elected Senator from Benešov Benešov (; german: Beneschau; also known as Benešov u Prahy) is a town in ...

– 1998 * Minister of Education, Youth and Sport –

– 2002 * Minister of Information Technologies – Dana Bérová – 2005 *

Minister of Agriculture An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...

– Milena Vicenová – 2006 *

–

Helena Třeštíková Helena Třeštíková is a Czech documentary film director, member of the European Film Academy, and briefly the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as B ...

– 2007 *

Minister of Defense A defence minister or minister of defence is a cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in som ...

–

– 2007 *

Minister without Portfolio A minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet w ...

– Džamila Stehlíková – 2007 * Vice-President of the Senate – Alena Gajdůšková – 2008 * Governor of

Plzeň Region Plzeň Region ( cs, Plzeňský kraj; german: Pilsner Region) is an administrative unit (''kraj'') in the western part of Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is named after its capital Plzeň (English, german: Pilsen). In terms of area, Plzeň Reg ...

–

Milada Emmerová Milada Emmerová (born 4 November 1944) is a Czech doctor, politician and former Minister of Health for the Czech Republic. As of April 2023, she is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD). Currently she is senator of Senate of the ...

– 2008 * Governor of

Ústí nad Labem Region Ústí nad Labem Region or Ústecký Region ( cs, Ústecký kraj, , ), is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western part of the historical land of Bohemia, and named after the capital, Ústí nad Labem ...

– Jana Vaňhová – 2008 *

–

– 2009 * Minister of Environment – Rut Bízková – 2010 * Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies –

Miroslava Němcová Miroslava Němcová (née Daňková; born 17 November 1952) is a Czech politician who served as 6th Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic from 2010 to 2013. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1998 to 2020. In 202 ...

– 2010 * Governor of

Central Bohemian Region The Central Bohemian Region ( cz, Středočeský kraj, german: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit ( cz, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in ...

– Zuzana Moravčíková – 2012 * Minister of Labour and Social Affairs – Ludmila Müllerová – 2012 *

Minister of Regional Development Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

–

Věra Jourová Věra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, C ...

– 2014 *

Mayor of Prague The office of Mayor of Prague was established in 1784. In that year, under Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II, the four previously independent neighbouring communities of Malá Strana, Nové Město, Staré Město, and Hradčany were merged ...

–

Adriana Krnáčová Adriana Krnáčová (born 26 September 1960) is a Czech businesswoman and a politician. She was the mayor of Prague from November 2014 until November 2018, becoming the first woman to serve in this position. Prior to becoming Mayor of Prague, Krn ...

– 2014 *

European Commissioner for Justice and Consumers The Commissioner for Justice and Commissioner for Equality are posts in the European Commission. The portfolios of Justice and Equality were previously combined as ''Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality'' under commissioner i ...

–

– 2014 * Governor of

Karlovy Vary Region The Karlovy Vary Region or Carlsbad Region ( cs, Karlovarský kraj, German: ''Karlsbader Region'') is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the westernmost part of its historical region of Bohemia. It is named afte ...

– Jana Vildumetzová – 2016

Denmark

–

Margaret Sambiria Margaret Sambiria (in Danish: ''Margrethe Sambiria'', ''Sambirsdatter'' or ''Margrethe Sprænghest''; c. 1230 – December 1282) was Queen of Denmark by marriage to King Christopher I, and regent during the minority of her son, King Eric V fro ...

– 1259 *

–

– 1387 * Minister for Education –

Nina Bang Nina Henriette Wendeline Bang née Ellinger (6 October 1866 – 25 March 1928) was a Danish social democratic politician and historian. In 1924 she was appointed Minister for Education, becoming the first female minister in an international ...

– 1924 *

– Fanny Jensen – 1947 *

– Helga Pedersen – 1950 *Ministry for Justice (Hjørring Retskreds) – Anne Mette Ovesen – 2003 * Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs – Bodil Koch – 1950 * Mayor of Stege: Eva Madsen (1950) * Speaker of the Landsting, Chamber of Parliament –

Ingeborg Hansen Ingeborg Cathrine Hansen (17 February 1886 – 5 August 1954) was a Danish lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party. Elected speaker of the Landsting in 1950, she was the first female speaker in Denmark when its Parliament was bicame ...

– 1950 * Minister for Trade – Lis Groes – 1953 * Minister for Economy –

Marianne Jelved Marianne Bruus Jelved (née ''Hirsbro'', born 5 September 1943 in Aarhus) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Danish Social Liberal Party. She was elected into parliament in the 1994 Danish general election and had pr ...

– 1993 *

European Commissioner for the Environment A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as Comm'r) is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something). In practice, the title of commissioner has evolved to in ...

–

Ritt Bjerregaard Ritt Bjerregaard (full name Jytte Ritt Bjerregaard; 19 May 1941 – 21 January 2023) was a Danish politician who was a member of the Danish Social Democrats, and was Lord Mayor of Copenhagen from 1 January 2006 to 2010. Bjerregaard was Educati ...

– 1995 *

Minister of Finance A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation. A finance minister's portfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", " ...

–

Pia Gjellerup Pia Gjellerup (born 22 August 1959) is a Danish politician representing the Social Democrats. She has been a Member of Parliament (Folketinget) since 8 September 1987 and has occupied three different cabinet positions: Justice Minister (25 January ...

– 2000 * Minister for Agriculture and Food –

Mariann Fischer Boel Mariann Fischer Boel (; born 15 April 1943, in Åsum) is a Danish politician, serving as European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development from 2004 to 2009. A member of the party Venstre, she had previously been minister of agric ...

– 2002 *

Lord Mayor of Copenhagen The lord mayor of Copenhagen ( da, Københavns Overborgmester) is the city's mayor and the leader of the Copenhagen City Council. Established in 1938, all lord mayors have since belonged to the Social Democratic Party. List Cur ...

–

– 2006 *

Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

–

Lene Espersen Lene Espersen (born 26 September 1965) is a former Danish politician, a former leader of Conservative People's Party and a former Minister of Justice. She is the current CEO at the Danish Association of Architectural Firms. From 1 July 2016 to J ...

– 2010 *

–

Helle Thorning-Schmidt Helle Thorning-Schmidt (; born 14 December 1966) is a Danish retired politician who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015, and Leader of the Social Democrats from 2005 to 2015. She is the first woman to have held each p ...

– 2011 * Speaker of the

Folketing The Folketing ( da, Folketinget, ; ), also known as the Parliament of Denmark or the Danish Parliament in English, is the unicameral national legislature (parliament) of the Kingdom of Denmark—Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands ...

–

Pia Kjærsgaard Pia Merete Kjærsgaard (; born 23 February 1947) is a Danish politician who was Speaker of the Danish Parliament from 2015 to 2019, and former leader of the Danish People's Party. She is a co-founder of the Danish People's Party, and led the ...

– 2015

Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...

* Minister of Economy, Statistics, Transport and Justice – Jóngerð Purkhús – 1989–1991 *

–

Marita Petersen Marita Petersen () (née Johansen (); 21 October 1940 – 26 August 2001) was the first and to date only female Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands and the first female speaker of the Løgting (Parliament). She was elected to the Løgting in 1988 ...

– 1993 * Speaker of the

Løgting The Løgting (pronounced ; da, Lagtinget) is the unicameral parliament of the Faroe Islands, an autonomous territory within the Danish Realm. The name literally means "''Law Thing''"—that is, a law assembly—and derives from Old Norse ''l ...

–

– 1994 * High Commissioner – Vibeke Larsen −1995

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

* Foreign minister –

Aleqa Hammond Aleqa Hammond (born 23 September 1965) is a Greenlandic politician and former member of the Danish Folketing (parliament). Formerly the leader of the Siumut party, she became Greenland's first female prime minister after her party emerged as the l ...

– 2007 * Speaker of the

Inatsisartut The Inatsisartut ( kl, Inatsisartut; '' da, Landstinget, lit=''the land's-thing'' of Greenland''), also known as the Parliament of Greenland in English, is the unicameral parliament (legislative branch) of Greenland, an autonomous territory* * ...

–

Ruth Heilmann Marie Margrethe Ruth Ane Thomsen Heilmann (born 6 April 1945) is a Greenlandic teacher and politician who represents the Siumut party. In January 2008, she became the first female speaker of the Inatsisartut or Parliament of Greenland. The Parliam ...

– 2008 * High Commissioner –

Mikaela Engell Mikaela Engell (born 4 October 1956) is a Danish civil servant who served as High Commissioner of Greenland, a post she has held from 2011 to 2022. She had previously worked in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, first as a Permanent Secreta ...

– 2011 *

–

– 2013

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

Danish Estonia Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

– Margaret Sambiria of Denmark – 1259

Swedish Estonia Estonia under Swedish rule (1561–1710) signifies the period of time when large parts of the country, and after 1645, entire present-day Estonia, were under Swedish rule. In the wake of the breakup of the State of the Teutonic Order, the Balti ...
and
Livonia Livonia ( liv, Līvõmō, et, Liivimaa, fi, Liivinmaa, German and Scandinavian languages: ', archaic German: ''Liefland'', nl, Lijfland, Latvian and lt, Livonija, pl, Inflanty, archaic English: ''Livland'', ''Liwlandia''; russian: Ли ...

–

Christina of Sweden Christina ( sv, Kristina, 18 December ( New Style) 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death ...

– 1632

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ow ...

Member of the Provincial Assembly A Member of the Provincial Assembly, or MPA is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to the legislature or legislative assembly of a subnational jurisdiction. In Pakistan, the members are elected by the voters in provin ...

–

Anna Leetsmann Anna Henriette Leetsmann (12 October 1888 – 5 March 1942) was an Estonian Bolshevik activist, politician, educator and historian. She was the only woman elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia in 1917, althou ...

– 1917

Republic of Estonia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

* Members of the Constituent Assembly – Emma Asson-Petersen, Marie Helene Aul, Minni Kurs-Olesk, Alma Ostra-Oinas, Johanna Päts,

Helmi Press-Jansen Helmi Press-Jansen (15 March 1889 – 5 March 1960) was an Estonian journalist, translator and Social democracy, social democratic politician. She was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly. She was one of the organisers of the Estonian d ...

and Marie Reisik – 1919 * Members of the Riigikogu – Emma Asson-Petersen and Alma Ostra-Oinas – 1920 * Members of the National Assembly – Linda Marie Eenpalu and Alma Jeets – 1937 * Member of National Council (

Second Chamber Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...

) – Linda Marie Eenpalu – 1938

Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based adminis ...

* Minister of Social Welfare – Olga Lauristin – 1944 * Minister of Social Security –

Erna Visk Erna Visk (4 May 1910 – 20 April 1983) was an Estonian and Soviet politician. Erna Visk was born in Pärnu. Her father was Workers' United Front politician Jüri Visk, who served in the II Riigikogu. She was appointed Minister of Social S ...

– 1958 * Minister of Public Service –

Meta Vannas Meta Vannas (born Meta Jürgenson, 1949–1975 Meta Jangolenko; 9 January 1924 – 25 November 2002

(Jangolenko) – 1967 * Minister of Education – Elsa Gretškina – 1985 *

– Lagle Parek of the National Independence Party – 1988 * Minister of Social Welfare –

Siiri Oviir Siiri Oviir (born 3 November 1947) is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament. Oviir was born in Tallinn. As an MEP, she belonged to the Estonian Centre Party until she decided to leave on 9 April 2012. Oviir is married to ...

– 1990

Estonian Government in Exile The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its l ...

( in Exile) – Renate Kaasik – 1971 * Secretary of State ( in Exile) –

Katrin Nyman-Metcalf Katrin Nyman-Metcalf (born 7 May 1963) is an Estonian-Swedish legal scholar. From 1990 to 1992 she was the State Secretary of Estonia of the Estonian government-in-exile. She was born in Stockholm to Estonian-Swedish engineer Einar Nyman and Eston ...

– 1990 *

( in Exile) – Aino Lepik von Wirén – 1990

Republic of Estonia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

Minister of Internal Affairs Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

– Lagle Parek – 1992 * Minister of Social Affairs –

Marju Lauristin Marju Lauristin (born 7 April 1940) is an Estonian politician, and former Member of the European Parliament and Minister of Social Affairs. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. Lauristin is cu ...

– 1992 * Minister of Reforms –

Liia Hänni Liia Hänni (née Juulik; born 4 October 1946) is an Estonian astrophysicist, social activist and former politician who voted for the Estonian restoration of Independence. Education Born in Atla, Saare County, Liia Hänni graduated from Saare ...

– 1994 * Minister of Economic Affairs –

Liina Tõnisson Liina Tõnisson (born 24 May 1940 in Tallinn) is an Estonian politician. She has been a member of VII, VIII, IX, X and XI Riigikogu. In 1964 she graduated from Tallinn Polytechnical Institute in engineering economics. From 1995 to 2004, she wa ...

– 1995 *

Mayor of Tallinn The following is a list of Mayors of Tallinn (before 1918 ), Estonia. See also * Timeline of Tallinn External links Mayors of Tallinn {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mayors Of Tallinn List of mayors of Tallinn Tallinn Mayors In many countries, a ma ...

–

Ivi Eenmaa Ivi Eenmaa (born 2 June 1943) is an Estonian politician. She was the head of the Estonian National Library from 1993 to 1997. After this, she entered politics, becoming a member of the now defunct Estonian Coalition Party. From 1997 to 1999, she ...

– 1995 *

– Signe Kivi – 1999 *

–

Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland (born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia) is an Estonian politician. She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005. She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 ...

– 2002 * Minister of Education – Mailis Rand – 2002 * County Governor (

Tartu County Tartu County ( et, Tartu maakond or ''Tartumaa'') is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in eastern Estonia bordering Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County and Jõgeva County. The area of Tartu County is , which covers 6.9% of t ...

) – Eha Pärn – 2003 (acting governor until 2004) * President of the Riigikogu – Ene Ergma – 2003 *

Mayor of Tartu The following is a list of Mayors of Tartu, Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by th ...

–

Laine Jänes Laine is Finnish and Estonian for "wave", and a surname in various languages. Laine as a surname originates in Finland, where it is the seventh most common"Most common surnames"Minister of Agriculture An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...

– Ester Tuiksoo – 2004 *

Members of the European Parliament A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament. When the European Parliament (then known as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Commu ...

– Marianne Mikko and

– 2004 * Minister of Population Affairs –

Urve Palo Urve Palo (born 10 July 1972) is an Estonian economist and politician, a member of the Social Democratic Party. Palo was born in Haapsalu. From April 2007 until May 2009, she served as Estonian Minister of Population and Ethnic Affairs. She also ...

– 2007 * Minister of Environment – Keit Pentus – 2011 * Minister of Foreign Trade and Entrepreneurship –

Anne Sulling Anne Sulling (born 12 October 1976 in Tartu) is an Estonian politician and a member of Riigikogu. She represents the Tartu constituency as a member of the Estonian Reform Party. Between 2005 and 2006, Sullin worked for the Ministry of Finance ...

– 2014 *

–

Maris Lauri Maris Lauri (born 1 January 1966) is an Estonian politician, former Minister of Justice and a member of the Reform Party. She was the Minister of Finance in Taavi Rõivas's first cabinet from November 2014 to April 2015 and later as the Min ...

– 2014 *

Chancellor of Justice The Chancellor of Justice is a government official found in some northern European countries, broadly responsible for supervising the lawfulness of government actions. History In 1713, the Swedish King Charles XII, preoccupied with fighting the ...

–

Ülle Madise Ülle Madise (née Anton; born 11 December 1974) is an Estonian lawyer who has served as Chancellor of Justice since 2015. Madise is the daughter of former member of the Supreme Court of Estonia Tõnu Anton. In December 2021 Madise was re-appointe ...

– 2015 * Minister of Entrepreneurship –

– 2015 *

–

Kersti Kaljulaid Kersti Kaljulaid (; born 30 December 1969) is an Estonian politician who served as the fifth president of Estonia between 2016 and 2021. She was also the first and only female head of state of Estonia since the country declared independence in ...

– 2016 * Election-winning

party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party, either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political ...

–

Kaja Kallas Kaja Kallas (; born 18 June 1977) is an Estonian politician who has been serving as the prime minister of Estonia since 2021. The leader of the Reform Party since 2018, she was a Member of Parliament from 2019 to 2021, and previously between 2 ...

of the

Estonian Reform Party The Estonian Reform Party ( et, Eesti Reformierakond) is a liberal political party in Estonia. The party has been led by Kaja Kallas since 2018. It is colloquially known as the "Squirrel Party" ( et, Oravapartei). It was founded in 1994 by Si ...

–

2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...

–

– 2021 * Minister of Social Protection – Signe Riisalo – 2021

Finland

Swedish Realm

–

Ingeborg of Norway Ingeborg of Norway (Old Norse ''Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir'', Swedish ''Ingeborg Håkansdotter'', Norwegian ''Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter''; 1301 – 17 June 1361), was a Norwegian princess and by marriage a Swedish royal duchess with a position ...

– 1319 *

–

– 1389 * Governor of Turku –

Ebba Stenbock Ebba Gustavsdotter Stenbock (ca. 1550 – 8 March 1614, in Sweden) was a Swedish noble. She led the defense of the stronghold Turku Castle for the loyalist of Sigismund III Vasa during the Siege by Charles IX of Sweden in succession of her spou ...

(acting interim governor) – 1597

Grand Duchy

* Member of Parliament –

Miina Sillanpää Miina Sillanpää (originally Vilhelmiina Riktig, born 4 June 1866 – died 3 April 1952) was a Finnish politician. She served as Deputy Minister of Social Affairs in 1926-1927. She was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the wor ...

, Alli Nissinen,

Hilma Räsänen Hilma Sohvi Räsänen (28 March 1877 – 20 January 1955) was a Finnish educator and politician. A member of the Agrarian League, she was elected to Parliament in 1907 as one of the first group of female MPs. She remained an MP until the followi ...

, Ida Aalle-Teljo, Anni Huotari,

Mimmi Kanervo Mimmi Kanervo (26 May 1870 – 1 April 1922) was a Finnish politician and trade unionist. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she was elected to Parliament in 1907 as one of the first group of female MPs, remaining in parliament until 1917. ...

Hilja Pärssinen Hilja Pärssinen (13 July 1876, in Halsua – 23 September 1935, in née ''Lindgren'') was a Finland, Finnish schoolteacher, poet, journalist and politician. She served as a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1918 and again from 1929 ...

, Maria Raunio, Jenny Upari,

Eveliina Ala-Kulju Eveliina Ala-Kulju (née Ojala; 27 October 1867, Lehtimäki – 3 June 1940) was a Finland, Finnish schoolteacher, farmer's wife and politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1910 and again from 1914 to 1919. She repre ...

Hedvig Gebhard Hedvig Maria Gebhard (née Silén; 14 December 1867 in Turku – 13 January 1961 in Helsinki) was a Finnish journalist and politician. She was an elected member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the Finnish Party from 1907 to 1909 and the ...

, Liisi Kivioja,

Iida Vemmelpuu Iida Maria Vemmelpuu (till 1906 Wilenius; 10 February 1868, Kangasala – 3 August 1924) was a Finland, Finnish schoolteacher and politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1909, representing the Finnish Party. Referen ...

– 1907

Republic

* Minister of Social Affairs –

– 1926 *

–

Hertta Kuusinen Hertta Elina Kuusinen (14 February 1904 – 18 March 1974) was a Finnish Communist politician. She was a member of the central committee (1944–1971) and the political bureau of the Communist Party of Finland; member of Finland's parliament, t ...

– 1948 * Deputy

Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...

–

Tyyne Leivo-Larsson Tyyne Lilja Leivo-Larsson (née Leivo; 3 March 1902 Uusikirkko – 1 August 1977 Helsinki) was a Finnish Ambassador and MP. She was the first Finnish woman to serve as Ambassador in Oslo from 1958 to 1966 and as Envoy to Reykjavík in 1958–1964 ...

– 1958 * Education Minister – Kerttu Saalasti – 1954 *Mayor of Loviisa – Birgitta Landgren – 1973 *

– Inkeri Anttila – 1975 *Minister of Commerce and Industry –

Pirkko Työläjärvi Pirkko Työläjärvi (born 8 September 1938, Jämsä) is a Finnish politician from the Social Democratic Party. She was member of the parliament from 1972 to 1985, and minister in several cabinets from 1975 to 1982. After the 1979 Finnish parlia ...

– 1981 *

Minister of Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and iden ...

–

Kaisa Raatikainen Kaisa Raatikainen (born 10 September 1928, Viitasaari, died 26 February 2007, Espoo) was a Finnish politician from the Social Democratic Party. She was member of the parliament from 1970 to 1987, and she served as the Minister of the Interior in t ...

– 1984 *

Defence minister A defence minister or minister of defence is a cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in som ...

–

Elisabeth Rehn Märta Elisabeth Rehn (; born 6 April 1935) is a Finnish former politician and diplomat. She served as the Minister of Defence of Finland during 1990 to 1995 and as an Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations during 1998 to 1999. She was al ...

– 1990 *

Minister of Environmental Affairs The Minister of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (formerly Minister of Environmental Affairs) is the member of the Cabinet of South Africa. The post was created by President Jacob Zuma, in his cabinet announced on 10 May 2009; it partially re ...

– Sirpa Pietikäinen – 1991 *Governor of Lapland –

Hannele Pokka Pirkko Hannele Pokka (born 25 May 1952) is a former governor of the province of Lapland. She was the fifth Governor of Lapland and the first woman to hold the office. She was married to a municipal administrator Esko Johannes Tavia (1993– ...

– 1994 * Speaker of the Parliament –

Riitta Uosukainen Riitta Maria Uosukainen (née Vainikka; 18 June 1942, Jääski, Viipuri Province, Finland (now Svetogorsk, Leningrad Oblast, Russia)) is a Finnish politician and former Member of Parliament. She is one of the eight people to gain the highest ho ...

– 1995 *

–

Tarja Halonen Tarja Kaarina Halonen (; born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012. She first rose to prominence as a lawyer with the Central Organisati ...

– 1995 *

–

Tuula Linnainmaa Tuula Linnainmaa ( Forss; born 8 January 1942) is a retired Finnish politician representing the National Coalition Party. She served as a Member of Parliament for the Uusimaa constituency in 1987–1997, and as the transport minister in the fi ...

– 1995 *

Mayor of Helsinki The City Council of Helsinki (, ) is the main decision-making organ in the local politics of Helsinki, Finland. The City Council deals with issues such as city planning, schools, health care, and public transport. The 85-seat Council's members a ...

– Eva-Riitta Siitonen – 1996 *

Minister of Labour Minister of Labour (in British English) or Labor (in American English) is typically a cabinet-level position with portfolio responsibility for setting national labour standards, labour dispute mechanisms, employment, workforce participation, traini ...

–

Sinikka Mönkäre Sinikka Mönkäre (born 6 March 1947) is a Finnish physician and politician who served as minister in different cabinets of Finland. Early life and education Mönkäre was born in Sippola on 6 March 1947. She has a PhD in medicine and surgery. ...

– 1999 *Minister of Health and Social Services –

Eva Biaudet Eva Rita Katarina Biaudet (born 27 February 1961) is a Finnish politician and Member of Parliament of Finland in the parliamentary group of the Swedish People's Party. She returned to the Finnish Parliament in the parliamentary election of April 2 ...

– 1999 *

–

Suvi Lindén Suvi Lindén Suvi Helmi Tellervo Lindén (born 19 April 1962 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician. A member of the National Coalition Party, she represented the electoral district of Oulu in the Parliament of Finland from 1995 to 2011 and served ...

– 1999 *

–

– 2000 *

–

Anneli Jäätteenmäki Anneli Tuulikki Jäätteenmäki (born 11 February 1955) is a Finnish politician who was the first female Prime Minister of Finland from 17 April 2003 to 24 June 2003. From 2004 until 2019, she served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) ...

– 2003 *

–

Sirkka-Liisa Anttila Sirkka-Liisa Anttila (born 20 December 1943, Marttila) is a Finnish politician and was the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in Matti Vanhanen's second cabinet and Mari Kiviniemi's cabinet. She represents the Centre Party. Political career * ...

– 2007 *

Finance minister A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation. A finance minister's portfolio has a large variety of names around the world, such as "treasury", " ...

–

Jutta Urpilainen Jutta Pauliina Urpilainen (born 4 August 1975 in Lapua) is a Finnish politician. She was the first female chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, which she led from 2008 to 2014. She was the Minister of Finance of Finland from 2011 to ...

– 2011 * Mayor of Tampere –

Anna-Kaisa Ikonen Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (born 4 April 1977) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland representing the National Coalition Party from the Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tam ...

– 2013

Åland Åland ( fi, Ahvenanmaa: ; ; ) is an Federacy, autonomous and Demilitarized zone, demilitarised region of Finland since 1920 by a decision of the League of Nations. It is the smallest region of Finland by area and population, with a size of 1 ...

Lantråd Lantråd is the title of the Head of Government of the Åland, Åland Islands in Finland. The person holding the office leads its regional government. The current Lantråd is Veronica Thörnroos. __NOTOC__ List List of Premiers of the Åland Isl ...

(

Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...

) –

Viveka Eriksson Viveka Eriksson or Viveca Eriksson (born 18 August 1956) is a politician of Åland and the former Premier of Åland from 2007 to 2011. Professional overview *Member of the Lagting (Åland parliament) 2011 – *Premier, Government of Åland Octobe ...

– 2007 * Minister of Migration and European Affairs for Åland Islands –

Astrid Thors Astrid Gunilla Margareta Thors (born 6 November 1957) has been a Member of the Finnish Parliament 19 March 2003 – 4 September 2013. A Finnish-Swedish politician, formerly of the Swedish People's Party, Thors is a Candidate of Law and held sever ...

– 2007-2011 * Member of Parliament in the Åland Islands –

Elisabeth Nauclér Elisabeth Nauclér (born 7 March 1952 in Eda Municipality) is a Swedish-born Finnish independent politician and jurist. Naucler was the single member of parliament for the autonomous region of Åland in the Parliament of Finland. She sat with the ma ...

– 2007

France

–

Anne of Kiev Anne of Kiev or Anna Yaroslavna, Russian: Анна Ярославна (c. 1030 – 1075) was a Rus' princess who became Queen of France in 1051 upon marrying King Henry I. She ruled the kingdom as regent during the minority of their son Philip ...

– 1060 * Undersecretary of State for national education –

Cécile Brunschvicg Cécile Brunschvicg (), born Cécile Kahn (19 July 1877 in Enghien-les-Bains – 5 October 1946 in Neuilly-sur-Seine), was a French feminist politician. From the 1920s until her death she was regarded as "the ''grande dame'' of the feminist mov ...

– 1936 * Undersecretary of state for Public Health –

Suzanne Lacore Suzanne Lacore was a French politician representing the SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International). She was born on 30 May 1875 in Beyssac (Corrèze, France); she died on 6 November 1975 in Milhac d'Auberoche (Dordogne, France). Child ...

– 1936 * Undersecretary of state for Science –

Irène Joliot-Curie Irène Joliot-Curie (; ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was award ...

– 1936 *

– Germaine Poinso-Chapuis – 1947 (first government minister;

Simone Veil Simone Veil (; ; 13 July 1927 – 30 June 2017) was a French magistrate and politician who served as Health Minister in several governments and was President of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1982, the first woman to hold that office. A ...

who held the portfolio between 1974 and 1979 is often incorrectly cited as the first officeholder) *

Prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...

– Yvette Chassagne (

Loir-et-Cher Loir-et-Cher (, ) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Its name is originated from two rivers which cross it, the Loir in its northern part and the Cher in its southern part. Its prefecture is Blois. The INSEE and La P ...

) – 1981 * Mayor of

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...

–

Catherine Trautmann Catherine Trautmann (born 15 January 1951 in Strasbourg) is a French politician for the French Socialist Party. She served as Minister of Culture of France in the Lionel Jospin cabinet 1997–2000 and was a Member of the European Parliament 19 ...

– 1989 *

European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud The European Commissioner for Economy is a member of the European Commission. The current Economy Commissioner is Paolo Gentiloni. From 2014 to 2019 the post was named ''Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs''. Un ...

–

Christiane Scrivener Christiane Scrivener (born 1 September 1925 in Mulhouse, France) is a French politician, a member of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's ''Parti républicain'' (now replaced by Alain Madelin's '' Démocratie libérale''). She was Secretary of State of Tr ...

– 1989 *

–

Édith Cresson Édith Cresson (; née Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician from the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of France from 1991 to 1992, the first woman to do so. She was the only woman to be prime minister until 2022, whe ...

– 1991 *

–

Martine Aubry Martine Louise Marie Aubry (; née Delors; born 8 August 1950) is a French politician. She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party (''Parti Socialiste'', or PS) from November 2008 to April 2012, and has been the Mayor of Lille (No ...

– 1997 *

–

– 1997 *

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Élisabeth Guigou Élisabeth Guigou (; born Élisabeth Vallier; 6 August 1946) is a French politician of the Socialist Party who served as a member of the National Assembly from 2002 until 2017, representing Seine-Saint-Denis' 9th constituency. Early life and ...

– 1997 * Mayor of

Lille Lille ( , ; nl, Rijsel ; pcd, Lile; vls, Rysel) is a city in the northern part of France, in French Flanders. On the river Deûle, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Pref ...

–

– 2001 *

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...

–

Michèle Alliot-Marie Michèle Yvette Marie-Thérèse Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie (; born 10 September 1946), known in France as MAM, is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France. She is a member of the Republicans, part of the Eur ...

– 2002 * Mayor of

Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of ...

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Hélène Mandroux Hélène Mandroux-Colas (born 1 December 1940) is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS) since 1982, her career in Montpellier debuted in Georges Frêche's municipal administration. Frêche gave her important responsibilities ...

– 2004 * Minister of the Overseas –

Brigitte Girardin Brigitte Girardin (born 12 January 1953 in Verdun, Meuse, France) is a French diplomat and politician. She was the minister of Overseas France under Jacques Chirac from 7 May 2002 to 2 June 2005. Biography In 1976, Girardin first worked for the ...

– 2002 *

Minister of the Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...

–

– 2007 *

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Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (; née Lallouette, ; born 1 January 1956) is a French politician and lawyer who has been serving as President of the European Central Bank since 2019. She previously served as the 11th managing director of the ...

– 2007 *

–

– 2010 * Mayor of

Nantes Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabita ...

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Johanna Rolland Johanna Rolland (born 11 May 1979) is a French politician, belonging to the Socialist Party. She is the current mayor of Nantes, being the first woman to hold this position. As of April 2014, she is one of six female mayors of French cities wi ...

– 2014 *

Mayor of Paris The Mayor of Paris (french: Maire de Paris) is the chief executive of Paris, the capital and largest city in France. The officeholder is responsible for the administration and management of the city, submits proposals and recommendations to the C ...

–

Anne Hidalgo Ana María "Anne" Hidalgo Aleu (, ; born 1959) is a Spanish-French politician who has served as Mayor of Paris since 2014, the first woman to hold the office. She is a member of the Socialist Party. Hidalgo served as First Deputy Mayor of Paris ...

– 2014 * Minister of Education –

Najat Vallaud-Belkacem Najat Vallaud-Belkacem (; ar, link=no, نجاة فالو بلقاسم; Riffian-Berber: ⵏⴰⵊⴰⵜ ⴱⵍⵇⴰⵙⵎ; born 4 October 1977) is a former Moroccan- French jurist and politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who was the first Fr ...

– 2014 * Mayor of

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...

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Michèle Rubirola Michèle Rubirola (born 28 July 1956) is a French politician who served as Mayor of Marseille from 4 July to 21 December 2020. A physician by occupation, she succeeded Jean-Claude Gaudin, who chose not to run for reelection to a fifth term in of ...

– 2020 *

President of the National Assembly of France This article lists Presidents of the French Parliament or, as the case may be, of its lower chamber. The National Constituent Assembly was created in 1789 out of the Estates-General. It, and the revolutionary legislative assemblies that follow ...

- Yaël Braun-Pivet - 2022

Georgia (country), Georgia

Kingdom

– Mariam of Vaspurakan – 1027 *

– Tamar of Georgia, Tamar – 1178–1210

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

* Minister of Trade – Zinaida Arsen'evna Kvachadze – 1957 * Minister of Education – Tamar Lashkarashvili – 1960 * Deputy Premier – Victoria M. Siradze – 1962 * Vice-President – Tamar Lashkarashvili – 1979

Republic

* Speaker of the Georgian Parliament – Nino Burjanadze – 2003 – 2004 and 2007 * President of Georgia, President (acting) – Nino Burjanadze – 2003 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia), Minister for Foreign Affairs – Salomé Zurabishvili – 2004 * Minister of Economic Development (Georgia), Minister of Economic Development – Ekaterine Sharashidze – 2008 *

– Tina Khidasheli – 1 May 2015

Abkhazia

* Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia), Minister of Justice – Liudmila Khojashvili – 2005

Germany

Holy Roman Empire

– Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu (co-regents) – 983

Weimar Republic

* Weimar National Assembly – 36 women, among them being Marie Baum, Marie Juchacz, Louise Schroeder – 1919

Allied Occupation

* Governing Mayor of Berlin, Mayor of Berlin – Louise Schroeder – 1947

Democratic Republic

* Member of the Presidium of the 1. People's Council of SBZ, Presidium of the Volkskammer – Friedel Malter – 1948 * Minister of Justice – Hilde Benjamin – 1953 * President of the Volkskammer and Leaders of East Germany, Acting Head of state – Sabine Bergmann-Pohl – 1990

Federal Republic (West)

* State secretary of Youth and Family Affairs – Gabriele Wülker – 1957 * Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), Minister of Health – Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt – 1961 * President of the Bundestag – Annemarie Renger – 1972

Federal Republic (United)

* Federal Ministry of Justice (Germany), Minister of Justice – Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger – 1992 *

of any German States of Germany, state – Heide Simonis (of Schleswig-Holstein) – 1993 * European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Monika Wulf-Mathies – 1994 *

of Frankfurt – Petra Roth – 1995 * Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), Chancellor – Angela Merkel – 2005 * Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany), Minister of Defence – Ursula von der Leyen – 2013 * Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Germany), Minister of Foreign Affairs – Annalena Baerbock – 2021

Greece

Kingdom

– Amalia of Oldenburg – 1850 *Hellenic Parliament, Member of Parliament – Eleni Skoura – 1953 *

(Corfu (city), Corfu)– Maria Desylla-Kapodistria – 1953 *Government minister and Minister for Social Welfare – Lina Tsaldari – 1956

Republic

* Minister for Culture (Greece), Minister for Culture – Melina Mercouri – 1981 *Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights, Minister of Justice – Anna Benaki-Psarouda – 1992 * Minister of Education and Religious Affairs – Marietta Giannakou, Marietta Giannakou-Koutsikou – 1993 * Minister for Environment – Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou – 1999 * European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs – Anna Diamantopoulou – 1999 * Mayor of Athens – Dora Bakoyannis – 2003 * President of Parliament – Anna Psarouda-Benaki – 2004 * Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece), Minister for Foreign Affairs – Dora Bakoyannis – 2006 * Minister for Tourism (Greece), Minister for Tourism – Fani Palli-Petralia – 2006 * Prime Minister of Greece, Prime Minister (acting, not elected) – Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou – 2015 *President of Greece, President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou – 2020

Hungary

Kingdom

– Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary – 1141 *

– Mary of Hungary – 1382 * National Assembly of Hungary, Member of Parliament – Margit Slachta – 1920

People's Republic

– Anna Ratkó – 1950 * Minister of Light Industry - Józefné Nagy/ Nagy Jolán Szanka - 1955 * Minister of Education (Hungary), Minister of Education – Valéria Benke – 1958 * Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary, Speaker of the National Assembly – Erzsébet Metzker Vass – 1963 * Deputy Premier Minister - Csehák Judit - 1984 * Minister of Social Affairs and Health - Csehák Judit - 1987

Republic

* Minister of Justice (Hungary), Minister for Justice – Ibolya Dávid – 1998 * Minister of Interior (Hungary), Minister for Interior – Mónika Lamperth – 2002 * Minister for Equality – Katalin Lévai – 2004 * Minister of Foreign Affairs (Hungary), Foreign Minister – Kinga Göncz – 2006 * Minister of Health (Hungary), Health Minister – Ágnes Horváth – 2007 * Minister of National Development – Zsuzsanna Németh – 2011 * President of Hungary, President – Katalin Novák – 2022

Iceland

Kingdom

* Member of a City Council – Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir – 1908 * Althing, Member of Parliament – Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason – 1922

Republic

* Mayor of Reykjavík – Auður Auðuns – 1960 * List of Speakers of the Lower House of the Parliament of Iceland, Speaker of Parliament (lower house) – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1961 * Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs (Iceland), Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs – Auður Auðuns – 1970 * President of Iceland, President – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir – 1980 * List of Speakers of the Upper House of the Parliament of Iceland, Speaker of Parliament (upper house) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1983 * Minister of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland), Minister of Education, Science and Culture – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1983 * Minister of Health and Social Security (Iceland), Minister of Health and Social Security – Ragnhildur Helgadóttir – 1985 * List of Speakers of the United House of the Parliament of Iceland, Speaker of Parliament (Bicameralism, bicameral united house) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1991 * List of Speakers of the Parliament of Iceland, Speaker of Parliament (Unicameralism, unicameral) – Salome Þorkelsdóttir – 1991 * Minister for the Environment (Iceland), Minister for the Environment – Siv Friðleifsdóttir – 1999 * Minister of Industry (Iceland), Minister of Industry – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 1999 * Minister for Foreign Affairs (Iceland), Minister for Foreign Affairs – Valgerður Sverrisdóttir – 2006 * Prime Minister of Iceland, Prime Minister – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir – 2009 * Minister of Finance (Iceland), Minister of Finance – Oddný Guðbjörg Harðardóttir – 2011

Ireland

Kingdom of Ireland

*Queen regnant – Mary I of England, Mary I – 1553

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

* Member of parliament – Constance Markievicz – 1918

Irish Republic

* Teachta Dála – Constance Markievicz – 1919 * Minister for Labour (Ireland), Minister for Labour – Constance Markievicz – 1919

Free State

* Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State), Senator (Free State Senate) – Eileen Costello, Alice Stopford Green, Ellen Cuffe, Countess of Desart, Ellen Cuffe and Jennie Wyse Power – Members of the 1922 Seanad, 1922 * Leader of a political party – Margaret Buckley – 1937

Ireland (Republic of Ireland)

* Seanad Éireann, Senator (Senate of the Republic) – Margaret Mary Pearse, Linda Kearns MacWhinney, Helena Concannon and Margaret L. Kennedy – Members of the 2nd Seanad, 1938 * Lord Mayor of Dublin – Kathleen Clarke – 1939Clarke, Kathleen (2008), ''Kathleen Clarke: Revolutionary Woman.'' Dublin, O'Brien Press. p.293 * Lord Mayor of Cork – Jane Dowdall – 1959 * Department of State (Ireland), Department of State Secretary-General – Thekla Beere – 1959 * Mayor of Limerick – Frances Condell – 1963 * Council of State (Ireland), Council of State List of presidential appointees to the Council of State (Ireland), Member – Honor Crowley – 1964 * Minister of State (Ireland), Minister of State – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1977 * Member of the European Parliament – Eileen Desmond and Síle de Valera – 1979 * Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth, Minister for the Gaeltacht – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1979 * Leader of the Seanad – Gemma Hussey – 1981 * Minister for Health (Ireland), Minister for Health and Minister for Social Protection, Social Welfare – Eileen Desmond – 1981 * Minister for Education (Ireland), Minister for Education – Gemma Hussey – 1982 *Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann – Tras Honan – 1982 * President of Ireland, President – Mary Robinson – 1990 * Minister for Transport (Ireland), Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1992 * Leader of a political party in Dáil Éireann – Mary Harney – 1993 * Minister for Justice (Ireland), Minister for Justice – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 1993 * Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) – Mary Harney – 1997 * Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment – Mary Harney – 1997 * Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media, Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands – Síle de Valera – 1997 * Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Minister for Agriculture and Food – Mary Coughlan (politician), Mary Coughlan – 2004 * Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach, Government Chief Whip – Mary Hanafin – 2002 * European Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation, European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science – Máire Geoghegan-Quinn – 2009 * Attorney General of Ireland, Attorney General – Máire Whelan – 2011 * Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth, Minister for Children and Youth Affairs – Frances Fitzgerald (politician), Frances Fitzgerald – 2011 *Leader of the Opposition (Ireland), Leader of the Opposition – Mary Lou McDonald – 2020 *Leas-Cheann Comhairle – Catherine Connolly – 2020 *Minister for Rural and Community Development – Heather Humphreys – 2020 *European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union – Mairead McGuinness – 2020

Italy

* Undersecretary of Industry and Trade – Angela Maria Guidi Cingolani – 1951 * Minister of Labour and Social Security – Tina Anselmi – 1976 *

– Tina Anselmi – 1978 (First female governmental minister) * Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies – Nilde Iotti – 1979 * Minister of Education – Franca Falcucci – 1982 * Senator for Life – Camilla Ravera – 1982 * Minister of Tourism – Margherita Boniver – 1992 * President of Lombardia – Fiorella Ghilardotti – 1992 * Minister for Agriculture and Forests – Adriana Poli Bortone – 1994 * European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection – Emma Bonino – 1995 * Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy), Minister of Foreign Affairs – Susanna Agnelli – 1995 *

– Livia Turco – 1996 * Minister for Equal Opportunities – Anna Finocchiaro – 1996 * Minister of Cultural Activities and Sport – Giovanna Melandri – 1998 *

– Rosa Russo Iervolino – 1998 * President of Trentino-Alto Adige – Margherita Cogo – 1999 * President of Umbria – Maria Rita Lorenzetti – 2000 *

of Naples – Rosa Russo Iervolino – 2001 * President of Piedmont – Mercedes Bresso – 2006 * Minister of European Politics and International Trade – Emma Bonino – 2006 *

of Milan – Letizia Moratti – 2006 * Ministry of the Environment (Italy), Minister of the Environment – Stefania Prestigiacomo – 2008 * President of Democratic Party (Italy) – Rosy Bindi – 2009 * President of Lazio – Renata Polverini – 2010 * Ministry of Justice (Italy), Minister of Justice – Paola Severino – 2011 * President of Friuli-Venezia Giulia – Debora Serracchiani – 2013 * Minister of Integration – Cécile Kyenge – 2013 * Ministry of Defence (Italy), Minister of Defence – Roberta Pinotti – 2014 * Italian Minister of Economic Development, Minister of Economic Development – Federica Guidi – 2014 * Minister of Constitutional Reforms and Parliamentary Relations – Maria Elena Boschi – 2014 *

of Rome – Virginia Raggi – 2016 *List of Presidents of the Senate (Italy), President of the Senate – Elisabetta Casellati, Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati – 2018 * Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni – 2022

Latvia

First Republic

* Member of Parliament – Berta Pīpiņa – 1931 * Deputy Minister of Education – Valērija Seile – 1921

Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

* Government Minister (People's Comissar of State Control) – Olga Martynovna Auguste – 1941 *Ministry of Justice (Latvia), Minister of Justice – Emīlija Veinberga – 1951 *List of Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet – Valentina S. Klibike – 1975

Second Republic

* President of Latvia, President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga – 1999 * Member of the Saeima – Berta Pipina – 1931 * Speaker of the Saeima – Ilga Kreituse – 1995 *

– Sandra Kalniete – 2002 * European Commissioner for European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture and European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Fisheries – Sandra Kalniete – 2004 * Defence Minister – Linda Mūrniece – 2006 * Prime Minister of Latvia, Prime Minister – Laimdota Straujuma – 2014

Liechtenstein

* Deputy Government Councillor for Social Affairs – Maria Foser – 1984 * Minister of Transport and Building – Cornelia Gassner – 1993 *Minister of Foreign Affairs – Andrea Willi – 1993

Lithuania

Republic

* Members of Parliament – Felicija Bortkevičienė and Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė – 1920 * Speaker (politics), Speaker of the constituent session of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania – Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė – 15 May 1920

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

* Vice-President – Leokadija Diržinskaitė-Piliušenko – 1959 * Minister of Foreign Affairs – Leokadija Diržinskaitė-Piliušenko – 1961 * Head of the Central Committee Department of Trade and Public Service – Jaina B. Tatsiavichenė – 1971 * Prime Minister of Lithuania, Prime Minister – Kazimira Prunskienė – 1990

Republic of Lithuania

* European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget – Dalia Grybauskaitė – 2004 * President of Lithuania, President – Dalia Grybauskaitė – 2009 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Lithuania), Foreign minister (acting) – Rasa Juknevičienė – 2010

Luxembourg

County, Duchy and Grand Duchy

– Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg – 1197

Grand Duchy

* Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Grand Duchess – Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Marie-Adélaïde – 1912 * Member of Parliament – Marguerite Thomas-Clement – 1919 * Minister of Family, Youth, Social Solidarity, Health, Culture and Religious Affairs – Madeleine Frieden-Kinnen – 1969 *Mayor of Luxembourg City – Colette Flesch– 1970 *Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Deputy Prime Minister – Colette Flesch – 1980 *President of the Council of the European Union – Colette Flesch – 1980 *List of Ministers for Justice of Luxembourg, Minister of Justice – Colette Flesch – 1980 * Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg, Minister for Foreign Affairs – Colette Flesch – 1980 *President of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg, President of the Chamber of Deputies – Erna Hennicot-Schoepges – 1989 *European Commissioner for European Commissioner for Justice and Consumers, Justice, European Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, Consumers and Gender Equality – Martine Reicherts – 2009

Republic of Macedonia, Macedonia

* Minister of Development – Sofija Todorova – 1992 *

– Gordana Siljanovska – 1992 * Interior minister – Dosta Dimovska – 1999 *

– Ilinka Mitreva – 2001Ilinka Mitreva
, Columbia University World Leaders Forum, Retrieved February 15, 2011 *Minister of justice, Minister of Justice:mk:Министер за правда на Македонија, Министер за правда на Македонија — Википедија – Meri Mladenovska Gjorgjievska – 2002 * Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia, Prime Minister (acting) – Radmila Šekerinska – 2004 * President of Social Democratic Union of Macedonia – Radmila Šekerinska – 2006 *

– Elizabeta Kanceska Milevska – 2008

Malta

Colony

– Agatha Barbara – 1947 * Minister (government), Minister – Agatha Barbara – 1955

Republic

* President of Malta, President – Agatha Barbara – 1982 *

(Għasri, Gozo) – Rita Cutajar – 1993 * Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta, Speaker of the House of Representatives – Myriam Spiteri Debono – 1996

Moldova

* Minister of Education – Agrippina Nikitichna Krachun – 1959 *Ministry of Justice (Moldova), Minister of Justice – Valeria Șterbeț – 1999 *Speaker of the Parliament – Eugenia Ostapciuc – 2001 * Prime Minister of Moldova, Prime Minister – Zinaida Greceanîi – 2008 *

– Marianna Durlesteanu – 2008 * Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Moldova), Foreign minister – Natalia Gherman – 2013 * President of Moldova, President – Maia Sandu – 2021

Transnistria

International recognition of Transnistria, unrecognized, secessionist state * Foreign minister – Nina Shtanski – 2012 * Prime Minister of Transnistria, Prime Minister – Tatiana Turanskaya – 2013

Monaco

* Communal Council of Monaco, Communal Council – Roxane Noat-Notari – 1955 * National Council (Monaco), National Council – Roxane Noat-Notari – 1963 * Mayor of Monaco – Anne-Marie Campora – 1991 * Government Councillor of Finance and Economy – Sophie Thevenoux – 2009 * Government Councillor of Department of Infrastructure, Environment and Urbanization – Marie-Pierre Gramaglia – 2011

Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro

* Speaker of Parliament – Vesna Perović – 2001 * Supreme State Attorney – Vesna Medenica – 2004 *

of City/President of Municipality (first elected) – Marija-Maja Ćatović – 2005

Republic of Montenegro

– Gordana Đurović – 2006

Netherlands

Spanish Netherlands

*Governor – Margaret of Austria- 1507–1530

Dutch Republic

* Diplomat – Bartholda van Swieten – 1615 *

(acting stadtholder) – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange – 1751

Kingdom

* Monarchy of the Netherlands, Monarch – Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen Wilhelmina – 1890 * Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, House of Representatives of the States-General of the Netherlands, States-General – Suze Groeneweg – 1917 * Member of the Senate of the Netherlands, Senate of the States-General – Carry Pothuis-Smit – 1920 * Alderman – Eiske ten Bos-Harkema – 1924 *

– Truus Smulders-Beliën – 1946 * Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Netherlands), Minister of Social Work – Marga Klompé – 1956 * Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands), Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences – Marga Klompé – 1961 * Party chair – Haya van Someren – 1969 * Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Netherlands), Minister of Health and Hygiene – Irene Vorrink – 1973 * Parliamentary group leader, Parliamentary leader in the Senate (Netherlands), Senate – Haya van Someren – 1976 *

– Ria Beckers – 1977 * Parliamentary group leader, Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives – Ria Beckers – 1977 * Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Netherlands), Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management – Neelie Kroes – 1982 * Minister for Development Cooperation (Netherlands), Minister for Development Cooperation – Eegje Schoo – 1982 * Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Minister of the Interior – Ien Dales – 1989 * Ministry of Security and Justice (Netherlands), Minister of Justice – Winnie Sorgdrager – 1994 * Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands), Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment – Margreeth de Boer – 1994 * Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Deputy Prime Ministers – Annemarie Jorritsma and Els Borst – 1998 * Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands), Minister of Economic Affairs – Annemarie Jorritsma – 1998 * Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), Speaker of the House of Representatives – Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven – 1998 * Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands), Minister of Education, Culture and Science – Maria van der Hoeven – 2002 * Ministry of Security and Justice (Netherlands), Minister for Integration and Immigration – Rita Verdonk – 2003 * President of the Senate (Netherlands), President of the Senate – Yvonne Timmerman-Buck – 2003 * List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands, European Commissioner – Neelie Kroes – 2004 * Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (Netherlands), Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality – Gerda Verburg – 2007 * Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment – Melanie Schultz van Haegen – 2010 * Ministry of Defence (Netherlands), Minister of Defence – Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert – 2012 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands), Minister of Foreign Affairs – Sigrid Kaag – 2018 * Ministry of Social Affairs (Netherlands), Minister of Social Affairs – Karien van Gennip – 2022 * Ministry of Finance (Netherlands), Minister of Finance – Sigrid Kaag – 2022

Norway

–

– 1387 * Deputy member of the Storting, Norwegian Parliament – Anna Rogstad – 1911 * Member of the Storting, Norwegian Parliament – Karen Platou – 1921 * Mayor – Aasa Helgesen (in Utsira) – 1926 * Minister of Social Affairs (Norway), Minister of Social Affairs – Kirsten Hansteen – 1945 *Minister of Justice – Elisabeth Schweigaard Selmer – 1965 * State Secretary (Norway), State Secretary – Elsa Rastad Bråten – 1971 * President of the Lagting – Torild Skard – 1973 * Minister of the Environment (Norway), Minister of the Environment – Gro Harlem Brundtland – 1974 * County governor (Norway), County Governor – Ebba Lodden (in Aust-Agder) – 1974 * Prime Minister of Norway, Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland – 1981 *Chief of Police (Halden) – Ann-Kristin Olsen * President of the Odelsting – Åshild Hauan – 1985 * Mayor of Oslo – Ann-Marit Sæbønes – 1992 * President of the Storting – Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl – 1993 *Norwegian Ministry of Defence, Minister of Defence – Eldbjørg Løwer – 2001 * Norwegian Ministry of Finance, Minister of Finance – Kristin Halvorsen – 2005 * Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Foreign Affairs – Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide – 2017 ;Other political positions * Party leader – Eva Kolstad (Liberal Party of Norway, Liberal) – 1974

Svalbard

*Governor of Svalbard – Ann-Kristin Olsen – 1995

Poland

Kingdom (1385–1569)

* King of Poland, Monarch – Jadwiga of Poland – 1384

Second Republic

* First members of Sejm (lower house of the parliament) – Gabriela Balicka, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, Zofia Moraczewska, Anna Piasecka, Zofia Sokolnicka, Franciszka Wilczkowiakowa – 1919 * Senate of the Republic of Poland, Senator – Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska – 1928

People's Republic

* Vice-Chairperson of the Provisoric Government – Wanda Wasilewska – 1944 * Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Justice – Zofia Wasilkowska – 1956 * Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Administration, Land Economy and Environment – Maria Milczarek – 1976 * Ministry of Labor, Welfare and Social Policy of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Labor, Welfare and Social Policy – Maria Milczarek – 1979 * Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Education and Behaviour – Joanna Michałowska-Gumowska – 1985 * Ministry of Health of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Health and Welfare – Izabela Płaneta-Małecka – 1988

Republic

* Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Culture and Art – Izabella Cywińska – 1989 * Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Industry and Commerce – Henryka Bochniarz – 1991 * Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, Prime Minister – Hanna Suchocka – 1992 * National Bank of Poland, Chairman of the National Bank of Poland – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 1992 * Ministry of Construction and Spatial Management of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Construction and Spatial Management – Barbara Blida – 1993 * Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland, Senate – Alicja Grześkowiak – 1997 * Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Finance – Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner – 2001 * Ministry of State Treasury of the Republic of Poland, Minister of State Treasury – Aldona Kamela-Sowińska – 2001 * Ministry of European Affairs of the Republic of Poland, Minister of European Affairs – Danuta Hübner – 2003 * Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, Deputy Prime Minister – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004 * Ministry of Social Policy of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Social Policy – Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka – 2004 * European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Danuta Hübner – 2004 * Ministry of Regional Development of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Regional Development – Grażyna Gęsicka – 2005 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Foreign Affairs – Anna Fotyga – 2006 * President of Warsaw – Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz – 2006 * Ministry of Sport and Tourism (Poland), Minister of Sport and Tourism – Elżbieta Jakubiak – 2007 * Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, Minister of Science and Higher Education – Barbara Kudrycka – 2007 * Marshal of the Sejm – Ewa Kopacz – 2011

Portugal

County

* Countess – Theresa, Countess of Portugal – 1112

Kingdom

(disputed) – Beatrice of Portugal – 1383 *

– Maria I of Portugal, Maria I – 1777

Republic

* Undersecretary of the Ministry of Health and Assistance – Maria Teresa Cárcomo Lobo – 1970 *Ministry of Social Affairs (Portugal), Minister of Social Affairs – Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo – 1974 * Prime Minister of Portugal, Prime Minister – Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo – 1979 * Ministry of Health (Portugal), Minister of Health – Leonor Beleza – 1985 * Constitutional Court (Portugal), Judge of the Constitutional Court – Assunção Esteves, Maria da Assunção Esteves – 1989 * Ministry of Education (Portugal), Minister of Education – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 1993 * Minister of Environment (Portugal), Minister of Environment – Teresa Patrício de Gouveia – 1993 * Ministry of Labor (Portugal), Minister for Qualification and Employment – Maria João Rodrigues – 1995 * Minister of Planning (Portugal), Minister of Planning – Elisa Ferreira – 1999 * Minister of State (Portugal), Minister of State and Ministry of Finance (Portugal), Minister of Finance – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 2002 * Ministry of Justice (Portugal), Minister of Justice – Celeste Cardona – 2002 * Minister of Science and Higher Education (Portugal), Minister of Science and Higher Education – Graça Carvalho – 2003 * Minister of Foreign Affairs (Portugal), Minister of Foreign Affairs – Teresa Patrício de Gouveia – 2003 * Ministry of Culture (Portugal), Minister of Culture – Maria João Bustorff – 2004 * Ministry of Environment and Territorial Organization (Portugal), Minister of Environment and Territorial Organization – Dulce Pássaro – 2009 * Leader of the Opposition (Portugal), Leader of the Opposition – Manuela Ferreira Leite – 2008 * Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), President of the Assembly of the Republic – Maria da Assunção Esteves – 2011 * Ministry of Agriculture, Sea, Environment and Territorial Organization (Portugal), Minister of Agriculture, Sea, Environment and Territorial Organization – Assunção Cristas, Maria de Assunção Oliveira Cristas Machado da Graças – 2011 * Constitutional Court (Portugal), Vice-President of the Constitutional Court – Maria Lúcia Amaral – 2012 * Attorney-General of the Republic (Portugal), Attorney General of the Republic – Joana Marques Vidal – 2012 * Presidents of the Legislative Assembly of the Azores, President of the Legislative Assembly of the Azores – Ana Luís – 2012 * Ministry of Internal Administration (Porutgal), Minister of Internal Administration – Anabela Rodrigues – 2014 * Minister of the Presidency and Administrative Modernization – Maria Manuel Leitão Marques – 2015 * Ombudsman (Portugal), Ombudswoman – Maria Lúcia Amaral – 2017

Romania

Kingdom

(of Bogdănești, Vaslui) – Luiza Zavloschi – 1930

People's Republic

* Minister of Health – Florica Bagdasar – 1946 * Minister of Foreign Affairs (Romania), Minister of Foreign Affairs – Ana Pauker – 1947 * Minister of Social Affairs – Stella Ernestu – 1952 * Minister of Culture and Art – Constanța Crăciun – 1953 * Vice-President of the State Council – Constanța Crăciun – 1966 * Minister of Industry – Ana Mureson – 1966 * Member of the Politburo – Lina Ciobanu – 1977 * Minister of Education (Romania), Minister of Education – Aneta Spornic – 1979 * First Deputy Prime Minister – Elena Ceauşescu – 1980 * Vice-President of the Council of State – Maria Ciocan – 1980 * Minister of the Food Industry – Paula Prioteasa – 1986 * Minister of Labour – Alexandrina Gainusa – 1986 * Ministry of Justice of Romania, Minister of Justice – Maria Bobu – 1987

Republic

* Member of the Council of the National Salvation Front and Joint Collective Head of State – Christina Cioutu – 1989 * Prefect (France), Prefect (of Bucharest) – Mioara Mantale – 2004 * President of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania), President of the Chamber of Deputies – Roberta Anastase – 2008 * Minister of Tourism (Romania), Minister of Tourism – Elena Udrea – 2008 * European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Corina Crețu – 2014 * Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister – Viorica Dăncilă – 2018 *President of the Senate of Romania, President of the Senate – Anca Dragu – 2020

Russia

Imperial

– Elena Glinskaya – 1533 *

– Catherine I of Russia – 1725

Intermin Republic

* Vice Minister of State Welfare and Vice Minister of Education – Sofia Panina – 1917

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

* Council of the People's Commissars, Commissar (Minister) – Alexandra Kollontai – 1917 (First female minister in the world) * Commissioner of Foreign Affairs – Angelica Balabanoff, Angelika Balabanoff – 1918 * People's Commissar of the Navy – Larissa Reissner, Larisa Mikhailovna Reisner – 1918 * Candidate Member of the Politburo – Elena Stasova – 1919 * Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1924 * Deputy minister (Commissar) of Education – Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1929 * People's Commissar of Finance – Varvara Yakovleva (politician), Vavara Nikoleavna Iakovleva – 1929 * Member of the

– Nadezhda Krupskaya – 1931 * Member of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Nadezhda Krupskaya and Klavdiya Nikolayeva – 1937 * First Secretary of the Communist Party – Domina Komarova – 1948 * Minister of Health – Maria Kovrigina – 1953 * Full Member of the Politburo – Ekaterina Furtseva – 1957 * Minister of Culture – Ekaterina Furtseva – 1960 * Deputy Minister of Light Industry – Evdokia Fyodorovna Karpova, Eudokiia F. Karpova – 1964 * Deputy Premier Minister and Head of the Central Committee Department of Light and Local Industry – Evdokia Fyodorovna Karpova, Eudokiia F. Karpova – 1966 * Vice-chairman of the Council of ministres of the RSFSR – Lidia Lykova – 1967 * Vice-Chairperson of the Supreme Soviet – Tatyana Georgievna Ivanova, Tatyana G. Ivanova – 1985

Federation

* Member of the Consultative Council of the President – Tatyana Zaslavskaya – 1992 * Governor – Valentina Matviyenko – 2003 * Mayor of Saint Petersburg – Valentina Matviyenko – 2003 * Chairwoman of the Federation Council of Russia – Valentina Matviyenko – 2011

San Marino

* Minister of the Interior and of Justice – Clara Boscaglia – 1978 *Co-List of Captains Regent of San Marino, Captain Regent – Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini – 1981 * Foreign minister – Antonella Mularoni – 2008

Serbia

Imperial

– Helena of Bulgaria – 1355–1357

Despotate

– Mary of Serbia, Queen of Bosnia, Jelena (Marija) – 1458 – 1459

Principality

* Education and Art adviser – Katarina Ivanović – 1870 * Member of the Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja – Milica Tomić, Mara Đorđević-Malagurski, Mara Đorđević Malagurski, Anastasija Manojlović, Marija Jovanović, Olga Stanković, Katica Rajčić and Manda Sudarević – 1918.

Socialist Yugoslavian Republic

* Minister of Education – Mitra Mitrović – 1945–1948 * Minister of Labour – Spasenija Cana Babović – 1946–1948 * Minister of Health – Spasenija Cana Babović – 1948–1953 * Deputy Prime Minister – Spasenija Cana Babović – 1953–1963

Federal Yugoslavia

*President of the Federal Chamber – Stana Tomasević-Arnesen – 1979 *President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia, President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) – Milka Planinc – 1982 *Mayor of Belgrade – Slobodanka Gruden – 1993–1994 * Minister of Social affairs, family and equality – Margit Savović – 1994–1996 * Leader of Party Yugoslav (Left) – Mirjana Marković – 1994–2001 * Deputy Prime Minister – Maja Gojković – 1998–2000 * Minister of Self-government – Gordana Pop Lazić – 1998–2000 * Minister of Information – Radmila Milentijević – 1998–2000 * Minister of Economic transformation – Jorgovanka Tabaković – 1998–2000 * Minister of Labour and Employment – Gordana Matković – 2001–2004 * President of Party of successful women – Margit Savović – 2001–2004 * Minister of Environment – Anđelka Mihajlov – 2001-2002 * President of the Supreme Court – Leposava Karamarković – 2001–2002 * Minister of Traffic and Telecommunication – Marija Rašeta Vukosavljević – 2001–2004 * Speaker of the National Assembly of Serbia – Nataša Mićić – 2001– 2004 * President of Serbia, President (acting) – Nataša Mićić – 2002–2003 * Minister of Energy and Mining – Kori Udovički – 2001–2003 * Governor of a National Bank of Serbia – Kori Udovički – 2003–2004 * Minister of Education – Ljiljana Čolić – 2004 * Mayor of Novi Sad – Maja Gojković – 2004–2008

Republic of Serbia

* Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia, Prime Minister – Ivana Dulić-Marković – 2006 * Minister of Science – Ana Pešikan – 2007–2008 * Minister of Telecommunication and Informatics – Aleksandra Smiljanić – 2007–2008 * President of the Constitutional Court of Serbia – Bosa Nenadić – 2007–2010 * Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy – Verica Kalanović – 2011–2012 * Minister of Finance – Diana Dragutinović – 2008–2011 * Minister of Justice – Snežana Malović – 2008–2012 * Mayor of Pančevo – Vesna Martinović – 2008–2012 * President of the Supreme Court of Cassation – Nata Mesarović – 2010–2013 * State Attorney – Zagorka Dolovac – 2012 * President of Serbia, President (acting) – Slavica Đukić Dejanović – 2012 * President of Christian Democratic Party of Serbia – Olgica Batić – 2011 * President of party Together for Vojvodina – Olena Papuga – 2012 * Minister of Energy – Zorana Mihajlović – 2012–2014 * Deputy Prime Minister – Suzana Grubješić – 2012–2013 * Mayor of Smederevo – Jasna Avramović – 2012 * Governor of a National Bank of Serbia – Jorgovanka Tabaković – 2012 * Speaker of the National Assembly of Serbia – Maja Gojković – 2014 * Deputy Prime Minister and a Minister of Transportation, Construction and Infrastructure – Zorana Mihajlović – 2014 * Deputy Prime Minister and a Minister of State and Local Governments – Kori Udovički – 2014 * Minister of Agriculture and Environment – Snežana Bogosavljević Bošković – 2014 * Minister of European Integration – Jadranka Joksimović – 2014 * President of Democratic Party of Serbia – Sanda Rašković Ivić – 2014 *

of Vršac – Dragana Mitrović – 2016 *

of Sombor – Dušanka Golubović – 2016 * Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić – 2017 * Mayor of Kruševac – Jasmina Palurović – 2017 * Mayor of Niš – Dragana Sotirovski – 2020 * Mayor of Užice – Jelena Raković Radivojević – 2020 * Mayor of Sremska Mitrovica – Svetlana Milovanović – 2020

Republic of Kosovo, Kosovo

International recognition of Kosovo, partially recognized secessionist state under nominal international administration * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo), Foreign minister (acting) – Vlora Çitaku – 2010 * President of Kosovo, President – Atifete Jahjaga – 2011

Slovakia

* Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Oľga Keltošová – 1993 (also Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992) *

– Katarína Tóthová – 1993 (also Minister of Justice of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992) *

– Irena Belohorská – 1993 *

– Brigita Schmögnerová – 1994 * Minister of Education – Eva Slavkovská – 1994 * Minister of Foreign Affairs – Zdenka Kramplová – 1997 * Minister of Privatization – Mária Machová – 1998 * Minister of Finance – Brigita Schmögnerová – 1998 * Deputy Speaker of the National Council of the Slovak Republic – Zuzana Martináková – 2002 *

– Zdenka Kramplová – 2007 * Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Slovakia – Ivetta Macejková – 2007 * List of Prime Ministers of Slovakia, Prime Minister – Iveta Radičová – 2010 *President of Slovakia, President – Zuzana Čaputová – 2019 Please note: Independent Slovak Republic was established on January 1, 1993. The first female politicians of Slovak Republic as a part of Czech and Slovak Federative Republic are not included above.

List of Slovak female holders of political offices before independence

Czechoslovakia

– Irena Kaňová – 1919 *Board of Commissioners (Slovak executive body), Commissioner for Health and Social Welfare (equivalent to minister) – Emília Janečková-Muríňová – 1950 *Minister of Health and Social Affairs – Eva Tökölyová – 1986 *

– Mária Kolaříková – 1989

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic

*Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Helena Woleková – 1991 *Minister of Trade and Tourism – Jana Kotová – 1992 *

– Katarína Tóthová – 1992 *Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family – Oľga Keltošová – 1992

Slovenia

* Ministry of Health (Slovenia), Ministry of Health – Katja Boh – 1990 * Minister of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities – Jožica Puhar – 1990 * Minister of Veterans and War Invalides – Ana Osterman – 1990 * Ministry of Justice – Metka Zupančič – 1994 * Ministry of Economy Development and Technologies – Tea Petrin – 2000 * Ministry of Culture – Andreja Rihter – 2000 * Ministry of Education, Science and Sport – Lucija Čok – 2000 * Ministry without Portfolio (Regional Development) – Zdenka Kovač – 2002 * Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Slovenia), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry – Zdenka Kovač – 2004 * Ministry of the Interior (Slovenia), Minister of the Interior – Katarina Kresal – 2008 * Ministry of Public Administration – Irma Pavlinič Krebs – 2008 * Ministry of Defence (Slovenia), Minister of Defence – Ljubica Jelušič – 2008 * Prime Minister of Slovenia, Prime Minister – Alenka Bratušek – 2013 * Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (Slovenia), Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning – Irena Majcen – 2014 * European Commissioner for Transport – Violeta Bulc – 2014 * President of Slovenia, President – Nataša Pirc Musar – 2022

Spain

Kingdom

This list includes office holders after the unification of Spain in the 16th-century: *

– Joanna of Castile, Joanna I – 1504–1555 *

– Isabella of Portugal – 1535–1539 * First Female Mayor – Matilde Pérez Mollá – 1924 * First thirteen Members of National Assembly – Blanca de los Ríos, Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez, Isidra Quesada y Gutiérrez de los Ríos, Micaela Díaz y Rabaneda, María de Maeztu, María de Echarri y Martínez, María López de Sagredo, Concepción Loring y Heredia, Carmen Cuesta del Muro, Teresa Luzzatti Quiñones, Josefina Oloriz Arcelus, María López Moleón, María Natividad Domínguez de Roger y Trinidad Von Scholtzhermensdorff – 1927

Second Republic

* Members of Parliament – Margarita Nelken, Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent – 1931 * First democratic mayor – María Domínguez Remón – 1932 *

– Federica Montseny – 1936

Francoist Spain

* Bilbao, Mayor of Bilbao – Pilar Careaga – 1969

Kingdom (restored)

* Vigo, Mayor of Vigo – Enma González – 1978 *

– Soledad Becerril – 1981 * Valencia, Spain, Mayor of Valencia – Clementina Ródenas – 1988 * Region of Murcia, President of the Region of Murcia – María Antonia Martínez – 1993 * Seville, Mayor of Seville – Soledad Becerril – 1995 * Saragossa, Mayor of Saragossa – Luisa Fernanda Rudi – 1995 * Málaga, Mayor of Málaga – Celia Villalobos – 1995 * Minister of Environment – Isabel Tocino – 1996 *

– Loyola de Palacio – 1996 *

– Margarita Mariscal de Gante – 1996 * Spanish Senate, President of Senate – Esperanza Aguirre – 1999 * Minister of Education – Esperanza Aguirre – 1999 * Córdoba, Spain, Mayor of Cordóba – Rosa Aguilar – 1999 * Gijón, Mayor of Gijón – Paz Fernández – 1999 * European Commissioner for Transport and European Commissioner for Energy Union, Energy – Loyola de Palacio – 1999 * Minister of Industry (Spain), Minister of Industry – Anna Birulés – 2000 *

– Ana Palacio – 2002 * Minister of Public Administrations – Julia García-Valdecasas – 2003 * Community of Madrid, President of the Community of Madrid – Esperanza Aguirre – 2003 * Las Palmas, Mayor of Las Palmas – Josefa Luzardo – 2003 * Palma de Mallorca, Mayoress of Palma de Mallorca – Catalina Cirer – 2003 * Minister of Public Works (Spain), Minister of Public Works – Magdalena Álvarez – 2004 * Minister of Presidency – María Teresa Fernández de la Vega – 2004 * Ministry of Housing (Spain), Minister of Housing – María Antonia Trujillo – 2004 * First Vice President of the Government (Spain), First Vice President of the Government – María Teresa Fernández de la Vega – 2004 *

– Carme Chacón – 2008 * Minister of Science and Innovation – Cristina Garmendia – 2008 * Minister of Equality – Bibiana Aído – 2008 * Alicante, Mayor of Alicante – Sonia Castedo – 2008 * Minister of Economy – Elena Salgado – 2009 * Mayor of Madrid – Ana Botella – 2011 * Mayor of Barcelona – Ada Colau – 2015 *President of the Parliament of Catalonia – Núria de Gispert, Nuria de Gispert – 2010

Autonomous City

* Senator and Deputy (Melilla) – :es:María del Carmen Dueñas, María del Carmen Dueñas

Sweden

Kingdom

During the Kalmar Union (1397–1523), Sweden-Finland was in union with Denmark and Norway, but maintained its own administration. Sweden was in union with Norway during the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905), but each country had its own administration and laws, and thus should be listed separately. *

– 1319 * List of Swedish monarchs, Monarch –

– 1389 * Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred – Sigrid Sture – 1577 * Member of a government committee – Sophie Adlersparre and Hilda Caselli – 1885 * Member of a Public Comity (Public School Board): Lilly Engström – 1889 * Member of the Executive Committee of a Political party – Kata Dalström – 1900 * Chairperson of the Women's trades union – Anna Sterky – 1902 * Member of the City Council of Stockholm – Gertrud Månsson – 1910 * Member of a Municipal assembly (Sweden), City Council – 37 women, among them Hanna Lindberg – 1910 * Member of the legislative assembly – Emilia Broomé – 1914 * Parliament of Sweden, Member of the Riksdag (lower house) – Elisabeth Tamm, Agda Östlund, Nelly Thüring and Bertha Wellin – 1921 * Parliament of Sweden, Member of the Riksdag (upper house) – Kerstin Hesselgren – 1921 *

– Karin Kock-Lindberg – 1947 * Minister for Public Housekeeping (Sweden), Minister for Public Housekeeping – Karin Kock-Lindberg – 1948 * Minister of Family, Consumption, Aid and Immigration – Ulla Lindström – 1954 * ''Acting Prime Minister of Sweden, prime minister'' – Ulla Lindström – 1958 * Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations – Agda Rössel – 1958 * Chairperson of Municipal assembly (Sweden), City Council – Blenda Ljungberg – 1959 * Municipal commissioner – Ella Tengbom-Velander – 1967 * Supreme Court of Sweden, Supreme Court Justice – Ingrid Gärde Widemar – 1968 * List of County Governors of Sweden, County Governor – Camilla Odhnoff – 1974 * Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), Minister for Foreign Affairs – Karin Söder – 1976 * Minister for Health and Social Affairs (Sweden), Minister for Health and Social Affairs – Karin Söder – 1979 * Minister for Education and Research (Sweden), Minister for Education – Lena Hjelm-Wallén – 1982 * Minister for Employment (Sweden), Minister for Employment – Anna-Greta Leijon – 1982 * Party leader, Leader of a political party represented in the Riksdag – Karin Söder – 1985 * Minister for Justice (Sweden), Minister for Justice – Anna-Greta Leijon – 1987 * Minister for the Environment (Sweden), Minister for the Environment – Birgitta Dahl – 1987 * Speaker of the parliament of Sweden, Speaker of the Riksdag – Ingegerd Troedsson – 1991 * Minister for Finance (Sweden), Minister for Finance – Anne Wibble – 1991 * Minister for Culture (Sweden), Minister for Culture – Birgit Friggebo – 1991 * Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden, Deputy Prime Minister – Mona Sahlin – 1994 * Minister for Agriculture (Sweden), Minister for Agriculture – Margareta Winberg – 1994 * European Commissioner for List of European Commission portfolios#Home Affairs, Immigration, European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship, Justice, List of European Commission portfolios#Home Affairs, Home Affairs and European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget, Financial Control – Anita Gradin – 1995 * Minister for Defence (Sweden), Minister for Defence – Leni Björklund – 2002 * Mayor of Stockholm – Annika Billström – 2002 * Prime Minister of Sweden, Prime Minister – Magdalena Andersson – 2021

Switzerland

* Member of a citizens' council – Trudy Späth-Schweizer – 1958 * President of a Cantonal Parliament (of Canton of Geneva, Geneva) – Emma Kammacher – 1965 * Mayor (of Geneva) – Lise Girardin – 1968 * Member of the Swiss Council of States – Lise Girardin – 1971 * Member of the Swiss National Council – Nelly Wicky, Lilian Uchtenhagen, Hanny Thalmann, Liselotte Spreng, Hanna Sahlfeld, Martha Ribi, Gabrielle Nanchen, Josi Meier, Hedi Lang, Tilo Frey, Elisabeth Blunschy – 1971 * President of the Swiss National Council – Elisabeth Blunschy – 1977 * Member of a Cantonal Executive (of Canton of Zurich, Zurich) – Hedi Lang – 1983 * Member of the Swiss Federal Council – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984 * Federal Department of Justice and Police#List of heads of the department, Justice minister – Elisabeth Kopp – 1984 * Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation – Elisabeth Kopp – 1989 * President of the Swiss Council of States – Josi Meier – 1991 * Landammann of Canton of Schwyz, Schwyz – Margrit Weber-Röllin – 1992 * Schultheiss of Canton of Lucerne, Lucerne – Brigitte Mürner-Gilli – 1992 * Landammann of Canton of Zug, Zug – Ruth Schwerzmann – 1993 * Landammann of Aargau – Stéphanie Mörikofer – 1997 * President of the Swiss Confederation – Ruth Dreifuss – 1999Swiss Federal Council#List of firsts in the Federal Council * Landammann of Canton of Uri, Uri – Gabi Huber – 2002 * Swiss Foreign Minister, Foreign minister – Micheline Calmy-Rey – 2003 * Landammann of Nidwalden – Lisbeth Gabriel – 2005 * Federal Department of Economic Affairs#List of heads of the department, Economics minister – Doris Leuthard – 2006 * Landammann of Canton of Glarus, Glarus – Marianne Dürst – 2008 * Member of the Conseil d'État (Switzerland), Conseil d'État of the canton of Valais – Esther Waeber Kalbermatten – 2009 * Mayor of Zurich – Corine Mauch – 2009

Turkey

Ottoman

– Kösem Sultan – 1623

Republic

* Mayor of Kılıçkaya, Artvin – Sadiye Hanım – 1930 * Muhtar (title), muhtar (village head) – Gülkız Ürbül – 1933 * Members of Parliament – Hatı Çırpan and 17 others – 1935 * Mayor (of Mersin) – Müfide İlhan – 1950 * First senator of the senate (upper house) – Mebrure Aksoley – 1964 * First female Turkish party leader for Workers Party of Turkey – Behice Boran – 1970 * Minister of Health – Türkân Akyol – 1971 * First Turkish party founded by a woman, National Women's Party of Turkey – Mübeccel Göktuna Törüner – 1972 * Minister of Culture – Nermin Neftçi – 1974 * First female Ambassador – Filiz Dinçmen – 1982 * Minister of Labor Relations and Social Security – Dr. İmren Aykut – 1987 * Provincial Governor (Muğla Province) – Lale Aytaman – 1991 * Minister of State – Güler İleri – 1991 * Prime Minister of Turkey, Prime Minister (elected) – Tansu Çiller – 1993 * Council of State (Turkey), the highest administrative court in the Republic of Turkey – Füruzan İkincioğulları – 1994 * Minister of Environment – Işılay Saygın – 1996 * Minister of Tourism – Işılay Saygın – 1996 * Ministry of Internal Affairs (Turkey), Minister of the Interior – Dr. Meral Akşener – 1996 * List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, Deputy Premier and Foreign Minister – Tansu Çiller – 1996 * Minister of Justice – Aysel Çelikel – 2002 * Minister of National Education – Nimet Baş – 2009 * Minister of Family and Social Policies – Fatma Şahin – 2011 * Minister of European Union – Beril Dedeoğlu – 2015

Ukraine

Soviet Socialist Republic

* Government minister and Minister of Interior – Evgenia Bosh – 1918 * List of Prime Ministers of Ukraine, Acting Prime Minister – Evgenia Bosh – 1918 * Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Minister of Education and Science – Alla Bondar – 1962 * Minister of Culture – Z. Rakhimbaeva – 1965 * Chairperson of the State-Committee of the Protection of Nature – Dina Protsenko – 1975 * List of leaders of Ukraine#Soviet leaders of Ukraine (1918/1921–1991), Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet – Valentyna Shevchenko (politician), Valentyna Shevchenko – 1984 * Deputy Premier Minister – Mariya A. Orlik – 1989

Republic

*Minister of Justice of Ukraine, Minister of Justice – :uk:Станік Сюзанна Романівна, Susanna Stanik – 1997 * Ministry of Healthcare (Ukraine), Minister of Health – Raisa Bogatyrova – 1999 * Prime Minister of Ukraine, Prime Minister – Yulia Tymoshenko – 2005 * Minister of Labor and Social Policy – Lyudmila Denysova – 2007 * Minister of Finance (Ukraine), Minister of Finance – Natalie Jaresko – 2014

United Kingdom

Great Britain

* List of British Monarchs#House of Stuart, Monarch – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, Queen Anne – 1701 * City Council (Poor Board) – Mary Clifford – 1875 * Member of a City Council – Margaret Ashton – 1908 * Mayor (of Aldeburgh) – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson – 1908

Great Britain and Ireland

* House of Commons (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (elected) – Constance Markievicz – 1918 * House of Commons (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (who took her seat) – Nancy Astor – 1919

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

* Secretary of State for Employment, Minister of Labour – Margaret Bondfield – 1929 * Secretary of State for Education and Skills, Minister for Education – Ellen Wilkinson – 1945 * House of Lords (United Kingdom), Member of the House of Lords – Stella Isaacs, Marchioness of Reading – 1958 * Whip (politics), Government Whip – Harriet Slater – 1964 * Secretary of State for Work and Pensions#Minister of Social Insurance/National Insurance (1944–1953), Minister of Pensions and National Insurance – Margaret Herbison – 1964 * Secretary of State for International Development, Minister of Overseas Development – Barbara Castle – 1964 * Secretary of State for Transport, Minister for Transport – Barbara Castle – 1965 * Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Secretary of State – Barbara Castle – 1968 * Secretary of State for Health, Secretary of State for Social Services (Health) – Barbara Castle – 1974 * Leader of the Opposition (UK), Leader of the Opposition – Margaret Thatcher – 1975 * Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister – Margaret Thatcher – 1979 * Leader of the House of Lords – Janet Young, Baroness Young – 1981 * Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker of the House of Commons – Betty Boothroyd – 1992 * Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food – Gillian Shephard – 1993 * Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, Secretary of State for National Heritage (later Culture, Media and Sport) – Virginia Bottomley – 1995 * Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – Mo Mowlam – 1997 * President of the Board of Trade – Margaret Beckett – 1997 * Leader of the House of Commons – Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, Ann Taylor – 1997 * Chief Whip – Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, Ann Taylor – 1998 * Solicitor General for England and Wales – Harriet Harman – 2001 * Secretary of State for Scotland – Helen Liddell – 2001 * Deputy General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2003 * Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Foreign Secretary – Margaret Beckett – 2006 * Lord Speaker – Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman – 2006 * Home Secretary – Jacqui Smith – 2007 * Attorney General for England and Wales, Attorney General – Baroness Scotland – 2007 *

– Catherine Ashton – 2008 * Welsh Secretary – Cheryl Gillan – 2010 * General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress – Frances O'Grady – 2013 * Vice-President of the European Commission – Catherine Ashton – 2010 * Lord Chancellor – Liz Truss – 2016 *Chairman of Ways and Means – Eleanor Laing – 2020

=England

= *

– Edith of Scotland – 12th century *

– Mary I of England, Queen Mary I – 1553 *

of a town in England (Aldeburgh) – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson – 1908 *Lord Mayor of Norwich – Ethel Colman – 1923 *Lord Mayor of Liverpool – Margaret Beavan – 1927 *Lord Mayor of Sheffield – Ann Eliza Longden – 1936 *List of Lord Mayors of York, Lord Mayor of York – Edna Annie Crichton – 1941 *Lord Mayor of Leeds – Jessie Beatrice Kitson – 1942 (succeeded upon the death in office of Arthur Clark) *List of Lord Mayors of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne – Violet Grantham, Violet Hardisty Grantham – 1952 *Lord Mayor of Leeds (elected) – Mary Pearce – 1958 *List of Lord Mayors of Bristol, Lord Mayor of Bristol – Florence Mills Brown – 1963 *List of Mayors of Kingston upon Hull, Lord Mayor of Kingston upon Hull – Annie Major – 1965 *List of mayors of Oxford, Lord Mayor of Oxford – Florence Kathleen Lower – 1965 *List of Mayors and Lord Mayors of Manchester, Lord Mayor of Manchester – Nellie Beer – 1966 *List of Lord Mayors of Plymouth, Lord Mayor of Plymouth – Dorothy F. Innes – 1971 *List of Lord Mayors of Portsmouth, Lord Mayor of Portsmouth – Phyllis Loe – 1972 *List of Lord Mayors of Birmingham, Lord Mayor of Birmingham – Marjorie Alice Brown – 1973 *Lord Mayor of London – Mary Donaldson, Baroness Donaldson of Lymington, Mary Donaldson – 1983 *Deputy Mayor of London – Nicky Gavron – 2000 *London Assembly#Chairs of the Assembly, Chair of the London Assembly – Sally Hamwee – 2001 *Police and crime commissioner, Police and Crime Commissioner – Vera Baird, Ann Barnes (police commissioner), Ann Barnes, Katy Bourne, Jane Kennedy (politician), Jane Kennedy, Sue Mountstevens – 2012

=Northern Ireland

Parliament of Northern Ireland

* House of Commons of Northern Ireland, Member of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland – Julia McMordie, Dehra Chichester – 1921 * High Sheriff of Belfast – Julia McMordie – 1928 * Minister of Health for Northern Ireland – Dehra Chichester – 1949 * Lord Mayor of Belfast – Grace Bannister – 1982

Northern Ireland Assembly

* Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, Health Minister of Northern Ireland – Bairbre de Brún – 1999 * Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly – Eileen Bell – 2007 * First Minister of Northern Ireland, First Minister – Arlene Foster – 2016 *Department of Justice (Northern Ireland), Minister of Justice – Claire Sugden – 2016

Scotland

– Margaret I of Scotland – 1286 *

– Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland – 1437 * Lord provost, Lord Provost– Lavinia Malcolm (in Dollar, Clackmannanshire) – 1913 * Lord Provost of Glasgow – Jean Roberts (politician), Jean Roberts – 1960 * List of Lord Provosts of Edinburgh, Lord Provost of Edinburgh – Eleanor McLaughlin – 1988 * List of Provosts and Lord Provosts of Aberdeen, Lord Provost of Aberdeen – Margaret Farquhar – 1996 * List of Lord Provosts of Dundee, Lord Provost of Dundee – Helen Wright (politician), Helen Wright – 1999 * Solicitor General for Scotland – Elish Angiolini – 2001 * Lord Advocate – Elish Angiolini – 2006 * Scottish Conservative Party, Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party – Annabel Goldie – 2006 * Deputy First Minister of Scotland, Deputy First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2007 * Scottish Labour Party, Leader of the Scottish Labour Party – Wendy Alexander – 2007 * Minister for Culture and External Affairs, Foreign Minister – Linda Fabiani – 2007 * Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament – Tricia Marwick – 2011 * Leader of the Scottish National Party – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014 * First Minister of Scotland, First Minister – Nicola Sturgeon – 2014

Wales

* List of mayors of Cardiff, Lord Mayor of Cardiff – Helena Evans – 1959 * Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales – Jane Davidson – 1999 * Deputy First Minister for Wales – Jenny Randerson – 2001 * Plaid Cymru, Leader of Plaid Cymru – Leanne Wood – 2012

Vatican City

*Vice Minister – Sister Enrica Rosanna – 2004 *Undersecretary of the Section for Relations with States (Vatican Secretariat of State) – Francesca Di Giovanni – 2020

Footnotes and references

{{DEFAULTSORT:First women holders of political offices in Europe Lists of the first women holders of political offices, Europe Female heads of government, * Europe-related lists Lists of European politicians

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

People's Socialist Republic

Republic

Andorra , image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro ...

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...

Kingdom of Armenia

First Republic of Armenia The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle ...

Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic,; russian: Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика, translit=Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) also commonly referred to as Soviet A ...

Republic of Armenia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Imperial

Republic

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

Soviet Socialist Republic

Republic

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...

Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium

Kingdom

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

Kingdom

People's Republic

Republic

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Kingdom

Socialist Republic of Croatia The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska, Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), or SR Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Social ...

Republic

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...

Kingdom

Republic

Northern Cyprus

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

Duchy of Bohemia

Kingdom of Bohemia

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ... (1918–1992)

Czech Republic (1992–onward)

Denmark

Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

Danish Estonia Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ow ...

Republic of Estonia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based adminis ...

Estonian Government in Exile The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its l ...

Republic of Estonia A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

Finland

Swedish Realm

Grand Duchy

Republic

Åland Åland ( fi, Ahvenanmaa: ; ; ) is an Federacy, autonomous and Demilitarized zone, demilitarised region of Finland since 1920 by a decision of the League of Nations. It is the smallest region of Finland by area and population, with a size of 1 ...

France

Georgia (country), Georgia

Kingdom

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Republic

Abkhazia

Germany

Holy Roman Empire

Weimar Republic

Allied Occupation

Democratic Republic

Federal Republic (West)

Federal Republic (United)

Greece

Kingdom

Republic

Hungary

Kingdom

People's Republic

Republic

Iceland

Kingdom

Republic

Ireland

Kingdom of Ireland

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
(1918–1992)