List Of State Leaders In 2001
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Africa

* **President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019) **Prime Minister –
Ali Benflis Ali Benflis ( ar, على بن فليس ; born 8 September 1944) is an Algerian politician who was Head of Government of Algeria from 2000 to 2004. In 2003, he became the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. Benflis was a ca ...
, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003) * **President – José Eduardo dos Santos,
President of Angola The president of Angola () is both head of state and head of government in Angola. According to the constitution adopted in 2010, the post of prime minister is abolished; executive authority belongs to the president who has also a degree of leg ...
(1979–2017) * **President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006) * **President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008) * **President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014) **Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007) * **President – Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003) * **President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present) **Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004) * **President – **# António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001) **# Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011) **Prime Minister – **# Gualberto do Rosário, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2000–2001) **# José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016) * **President – Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003) **Prime Minister – **# Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999–2001) **# Martin Ziguélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003) * **President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021) **Prime Minister – Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002) * **President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999–2002) **Prime Minister –
Hamada Madi Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President. He is Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Commission. Biography Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in consti ...
, Prime Minister of the Comoros (2000–2002) ** (unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***# Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001) ***# Presidium of Anjouan ***#*Members – Halidi Charif, Mohamed Bacar, and Hassan Ali Toilha (2001) ***# Mohamed Bacar, President of Anjouan (2001–2007) * **President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present) * **President – **# Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001) **# Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019) * **President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present) **Prime Minister – **# Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001) **# Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013) * **President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011) **Prime Minister –
Atef Ebeid Atef Muhammad Ebeid ( ar, عاطف محمد عبيد, ) (14 April 1932 – 12 September 2014) was an Egyptian politician who served in various capacities in the governments of Egypt. He was Prime Minister of Egypt from 1999 to 2004. Early life a ...
, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004) * **President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan (born 1946) was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996 to March 4, 2001. Beginning in 2000, Dougan's government was subjected to serious criticism from the parliamentary majority with regard to alle ...
, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001) **# Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004) * **President –
Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in M ...
, President of Eritrea (1991–present) * **President – **#
Negasso Gidada Negasso Gidada Solon ( gez, ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ; 8 September 1943 – 27 April 2019) was an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001. Biography Negasso was the son of Gidada Solon, one of the first local mini ...
, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001) **# Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013) **Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012) * **President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009) **Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006) * **President –
Yahya Jammeh Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh (born 25 May 1965) is a Gambian politician and former military officer who was the leader of The Gambia from 1994 to 2017, firstly as chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC) from 199 ...
, President of the Gambia (1994–2017) * **President – **# Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001) **# John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009) * **President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008) **Prime Minister – Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004) * **President – Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) **Prime Minister – **#
Caetano N'Tchama Caetano N'Tchama (23 January 1955 - 15 December 2007) was a Bissau-Guinean politician and former Prime Minister. He held that position from 19 February 2000 to 19 March 2001 and was a member of the Social Renewal Party (PRS). Early life N'Tchama ...
, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2001) **# Faustino Imbali, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001) **# Alamara Nhassé, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2001–2002) * **President – Laurent Gbagbo,
President of the Ivory Coast This article lists the heads of state of Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. Alassane Ouattara has been serving as President of Ivory Coast since 4 December 2010. L ...
(2000–2011) **Prime Minister – Pascal Affi N'Guessan,
Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast This article lists the heads of government of Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. Patrick Achi currently serves as Prime Minister of Ivory Coast. List Key ;Politi ...
(2000–2003) * **President – Daniel arap Moi,
President of Kenya The president of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Kenya. The President is also the head of the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defe ...
(1978–2002) * **Monarch –
Letsie III Letsie III (born Seeiso Bereng; 17 July 1963) is King of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king ag ...
, King of Lesotho (1996–present) **Prime Minister –
Pakalitha Mosisili Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (born 14 March 1945) is a former Mosotho politician who was the fourth prime minister of Lesotho from May 1998 to June 2012 and again from March 2015 to June 2017.Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012) * **President – Charles Taylor,
President of Liberia The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia. Prior to the independence of Liberia ...
(2000–2003) * **''De facto'' Head of State –
Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi, . Due to the lack of standardization of transcribing written and regionally pronounced Arabic, Gaddafi's name has been romanized in various ways. A 1986 column by ''The Straight Dope'' lists 32 spellin ...
, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State –
Muhammad az-Zanati Muhammad al-Zanati ( ) is a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Congress, and as such the head of state of Libya from 18 January 1992 until 3 March 2008. He was reappointed on 1 March 2000. He is of the Qadhadhf ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008) **Prime Minister –
Imbarek Shamekh Imbarek Shamekh ( ar, امبارك عبدالله الشامخ) (sometimes Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh or Embarek Shamekh) (born 15 May 1952) is a Libyan politician and bureaucrat. He served as the Secretary-General of General People's Congress ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003) * **President – Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002) **Prime Minister –
Tantely Andrianarivo René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo (born 25 May 1954) is a former Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 to 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka. Life and career Andrianarivo was born in Ambositra, ...
, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002) * **President –
Bakili Muluzi Elson Bakili Muluzi (born March 17, 1943 in Machinga, Nyasaland) is a Malawian politician who was the first freely elected president of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. He was also chairman of the United Democratic Front (UDF) until 2009. He succeeded ...
, President of Malawi (1994–2004) * **President – Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002) **Prime Minister – Mandé Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2000–2002) * **President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005) **Prime Minister – Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003) * **President – Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002) **Prime Minister – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003) *  (
departmental collectivity Departmental collectivity (french: collectivité départementale) was a legal designation used to describe the particular status of French overseas collectivity of Mayotte between 2001 and 2011. The term is used to indicate that Mayotte at the t ...
of France) **''redesignated from a territorial collectivity of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 11 July'' **Prefect – **# Pierre Bayle,
Prefect of Mayotte This is a list of colonial and departmental heads of Mayotte. Mayotte is a French overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity with a population of about 300,000 located in the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean, between ...
(1998–2001) **# Philippe de Mester,
Prefect of Mayotte This is a list of colonial and departmental heads of Mayotte. Mayotte is a French overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity with a population of about 300,000 located in the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean, between ...
(2001–2002) **Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana,
President of the General Council of Mayotte The Departmental Council of Mayotte (french: Conseil départemental de Mayotte) is the local authority overseeing the Department of Mayotte. The legislative branch is composed of the council itself acting as a deliberative assembly, while the e ...
(1991–2004) * **Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present) **Prime Minister – Abderrahmane Youssoufi,
Prime Minister of Morocco The prime minister of Morocco (officially Head of Government, ar, رئيس حكومة المملكة المغربية, rayiys hukumat almamlakat almaghribia) is the head of government of the Kingdom of Morocco. The prime minister is chosen by t ...
(1998–2002) ** ( self-declared, partially recognised state) ***President – Mohamed Abdelaziz,
President of Western Sahara The president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declaration of independence on Febr ...
(1976–2016) ***Prime Minister –
Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun (in ; born 9 July 1954) is a Sahrawi politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since . He was a former ambassador to Algeria, with a base in Algiers. He has been prime min ...
, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003) * **President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005) **Prime Minister –
Pascoal Mocumbi Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi (born 10 April 1941) was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. Education He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume and Leta Alson Cuhle. He began his studies at the ''Miss ...
, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004) * **President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005) * **President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010) **Prime Minister –
Hama Amadou Hama Amadou (born 1949) is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD-Nassara) from 1991 to 200 ...
, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007) * **President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007) * **President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present) **Prime Minister –
Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1962) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He also served as President of the Senate of Rwanda from 14 October 2014 to 17 October 2019. Background Makuza ...
, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor –
David Hollamby David James Hollamby (1945–2016) served as Governor of Saint Helena from 24 June 1999 to 29 September 2004. He was preceded by David Leslie Smallman and succeeded by Michael Clancy. He oversaw the return of British citizenship to citizens of th ...
, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004) * **President – **# Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001) **#
Fradique de Menezes Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes (born March 21, 1942) is a São Toméan politician who was the third president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2001 to 2011. Early life Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the s ...
, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003) **Prime Minister – **# Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2002) **# Evaristo Carvalho, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2002) * **President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012) **Prime Minister – **# Moustapha Niasse,
Prime Minister of Senegal The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five-year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after ...
(2000–2001) **# Mame Madior Boye,
Prime Minister of Senegal The Prime Minister of Senegal is the head of government of Senegal. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Senegal, who is directly elected for a five-year term. The Prime Minister, in turn, appoints the Senegalese cabinet, after ...
(2001–2002) * **President – France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004) * **President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007) * **President –
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...
,
President of Somalia The president of Somalia ( so, Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) is the head of state of Somalia. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The president represents the Federal Government of Somalia, Federal Republic of Somal ...
(2000–2004) **Prime Minister – **# Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime Minister of Somalia (2000–2001) **# Osman Jama Ali, Acting Prime Minister of Somalia (2001) **#
Hassan Abshir Farah Hassan Abshir Farah ( so, Xasan Abshir Faarax, ar, حسن ابشير فرح; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to Novem ...
, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002) ** (self-declared autonomous state) ***President – ***#
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( so, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed, ar, عبدالله يوسف أحمد‎; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012) was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali ...
, President of Puntland (1998–2001) ***#
Yusuf Haji Nur Yusuf Haji Nur ( so, Yuusuf Xaaji Nuur, ar, يوسف حاجي نور; died 23 June 2019) was a Somali politician and lawyer. He was Chief Justice of Puntland. On 1 July 2001, he declared himself acting President of Puntland after the end of th ...
, Acting President of Puntland (2001) ***# Jama Ali Jama, President of Puntland (2001–2002) * **President – Thabo Mbeki,
President of South Africa The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of South Africa and is the commander-in-chief of the South African Nationa ...
(1999–2008) * **President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019) * **Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present) **Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini,
Prime Minister of Swaziland This is a list of prime ministers of Eswatini () since the formation of the post in 1967. Eleven people have been Prime Minister of Eswatini, plus seven acting prime ministers. One person, Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, held two non-consecutive te ...
(1996–2003) * **President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005) **Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005) * **President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005) **Prime Minister – Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime Minister of Togo (2000–2002) * **President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011) **Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011) * **President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present) **Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011) * **President – Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002) * **President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)


Asia

* Afghanistan ** ***Supreme Leader – Mullah Omar, Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (1996–2001) ***Prime Minister – ***# Mohammad Rabbani, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1996–2001) ***# Abdul Kabir, Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001) ** ***President – ***# Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001) ***# Hamid Karzai, Chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration (2001–2002) * **Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa,
Prime Minister of Bahrain In Bahrain, the Prime Minister is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the Prime Minister is appointed directly by the King of Bahrain, King, and needs not to be an elected member of the Council of Rep ...
(1970–2020) * **President – **# Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001) **# A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, President of Bangladesh (2001–2002) **Prime Minister – **# Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001) **# Latifur Rahman, Chief Adviser of Bangladesh (2001) **# Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006) * **Monarch –
Jigme Singye Wangchuck Jigme Singye Wangchuck ( dz, འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་, ; born 11 November 1955) is a member of the House of Wangchuck who was the king of Bhutan (Druk Gyalpo) from 1972 until his abdicati ...
, King of Bhutan (1972–2006) **Prime Minister – **# Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2000–2001) **#
Khandu Wangchuk ''Lyonpo'' Khandu Wangchuk (born 24 November 1950 in Paro) is a political figure in Bhutan. He graduated from St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi. He was Chairman of the Council (Prime Minister) from 2001 until 2002. On 7 September 2006, ...
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2001–2002) * **Monarch –
Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
,
Sultan of Brunei The sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates bac ...
(1967–present) **Prime Minister –
Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present) * **Monarch –
Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; km, នរោត្តម សីហនុ, ; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a Cambodian statesman, Sangkum and FUNCINPEC politician, Norodom Sihanouk filmography, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in vari ...
,
King of Cambodia The monarchy of Cambodia is the head of state of the Cambodia, Kingdom of Cambodia. In the contemporary period, the King's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 68 AD exce ...
(1993–2004) **Prime Minister – Hun Sen,
Prime Minister of Cambodia The prime minister of Cambodia ( km, នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនៃកម្ពុជា, ) is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the ...
(1985–present) * **Communist Party Leader – Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1989–2002) **President – Jiang Zemin,
President of China The president of China, officially titled the president of the People's Republic of China, is the List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China, state representative of the China, People's Republic of China, which on its own ...
(1993–2003) **Premier – Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003) *  East Timor ( under UN administration) **UN Special Representative – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002) **Chief Minister – Mari Alkatiri, Chief Minister of East Timor (2001–2006) * **President –
K. R. Narayanan Kocheril Raman Narayanan (27 October 1921 – 9 November 2005) was an Indian statesman, diplomat, academic, and politician who served as the 9th vice president of India, Vice President of India from 1992 to 1997 and 10th President of India fr ...
, President of India (1997–2002) **Prime Minister –
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee (; 25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician who served three terms as the 10th prime minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months fr ...
,
Prime Minister of India The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the ...
(1998–2004) * **President – **# Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001) **#
Megawati Sukarnoputri Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth Vice President of Indonesia, vice president f ...
, President of Indonesia (2001–2004) * **Supreme Leader – Ayatollah
Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president o ...
, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present) **President –
Mohammad Khatami Sayyid Mohammad Khatami ( fa, سید محمد خاتمی, ; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to ...
, President of Iran (1997–2005) * **President – Saddam Hussein,
President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...
(1979–2003) **Prime Minister – Saddam Hussein,
Prime Minister of Iraq The prime minister of Iraq is the head of government of Iraq. On 27 October 2022, Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani became the incumbent prime minister. History The prime minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, a ...
(1994–2003) * **President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007) **Prime Minister – **#
Ehud Barak Ehud Barak ( he-a, אֵהוּד בָּרָק, Ehud_barak.ogg, link=yes, born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli general and politician who served as the tenth prime minister from 1999 to 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until Jan ...
, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001) **#
Ariel Sharon Ariel Sharon (; ; ; also known by his diminutive Arik, , born Ariel Scheinermann, ; 26 February 1928 – 11 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. S ...
, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006) ** ( non-state administrative authority) ***President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004) * **Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019) **Prime Minister – **# Yoshirō Mori, Prime Minister of Japan (2000–2001) **# Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006) * **Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present) **Prime Minister – Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003) * **President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) **Prime Minister –
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev ( kk, Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев, Qasym-Jomart Kemelūly Toqaev ; born 17 May 1953) is a Kazakh politician and diplomat who is currently serving as the President of Kazakhstan since 12 J ...
, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002) * **Communist Party Leader –
Kim Jong-il Kim Jong-il (; ; ; born Yuri Irsenovich Kim;, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. He led North Korea from the 1994 death of his father Kim ...
, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011) **''De facto'' Head of State –
Kim Jong-il Kim Jong-il (; ; ; born Yuri Irsenovich Kim;, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. He led North Korea from the 1994 death of his father Kim ...
,
Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea The President of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea () is the head of state of North Korea.Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Article 100 The president chairs the State Af ...
(1993–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019) **Premier – Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (1997–2003) * **President – Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003) **Prime Minister – Lee Han-dong, Prime Minister of South Korea (2000–2002) * **Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003) * **President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) **Prime Minister – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2000–2002) * **Communist Party Leader –
Khamtai Siphandon General Khamtai Siphandone ( lo, ຄຳໄຕ ສີພັນດອນ; born 8 February 1924)Joseph Chinyong Liow''Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia''(fourth edition, 2015), Routledge, page 212. is a Laotian politician who was ...
, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006) **President –
Khamtai Siphandon General Khamtai Siphandone ( lo, ຄຳໄຕ ສີພັນດອນ; born 8 February 1924)Joseph Chinyong Liow''Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia''(fourth edition, 2015), Routledge, page 212. is a Laotian politician who was ...
,
President of Laos The president of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is the head of state of Laos. The current president is Thongloun Sisoulith, since 22 March 2021. He was previously elected as the General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, ...
(1998–2006) **Premier – **#
Sisavath Keobounphanh Sisavath Keobounphanh ( Lao: ສີສະຫວາດ ແກ້ວບຸນພັນ; 1 May 1928 – 12 May 2020) was Vice President of Laos from 1996 to 1998 and third Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of Laos from 1998 to ...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1998–2001) **#
Bounnhang Vorachith Bounnhang Vorachit ( lo, ບຸນຍັງ ວໍລະຈິດ; born 15 August 1938) is a Laotian politician. He was previously General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of Laos from 2016 to 2021. Early life Bou ...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006) * **President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007) **Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004) * **Monarch – **#Tuanku Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1999–2001) **#Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001) **#Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006) **Prime Minister –
Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir bin Mohamad ( ms, محاضير بن محمد, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician, author, and physician who served as the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the office ...
, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003) * **President –
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (; dv, މައުމޫން ޢަބްދުލް ޤައްޔޫމް; born 29 December 1937) is a Maldivian politician and an Islamic scholar who served as the President of Maldives from 1978 to 2008. After serving as Minister of Trans ...
, President of the Maldives (1978–2008) * **President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005) **Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar,
Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no ...
(2000–2004) * **Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011) **Prime Minister – Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003) * **Monarch – **# Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001) **# Dipendra, King of Nepal (2001) **# Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008) **Regent – Gyanendra, Regent of Nepal (2001) **Prime Minister – **# Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (2000–2001) **# Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002) * **Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said,
Sultan of Oman The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarchical head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Busaid dynasty, which has been the ruling family of O ...
(1970–2020) **Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020) * **President – **# Muhammad Rafiq Tarar,
President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=s̤adr-i Pākiṣṭān), officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.Pervez Musharraf,
President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=s̤adr-i Pākiṣṭān), officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.Pervez Musharraf,
Chief Executive of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pak ...
(1999–2002) * **President – **# Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001) **# Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010) * **Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani,
Emir of Qatar The Emir, or Amir, of the State of Qatar ( ar, أمیر دولة قطر) is the monarch and head of state of the country. He is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the Constitution. He holds the most powerful positio ...
(1995–2013) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007) * **Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005) **Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005) **Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005) * **President –
S. R. Nathan Sellapan Ramanathan (; 3 July 1924 – 22 August 2016),. often known as S. R. Nathan, was a Singaporean politician who served as the sixth president of Singapore between 1999 and 2011. He was also the longest-serving president in Singapore's hi ...
, President of Singapore (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004) * **President –
Chandrika Kumaratunga Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga ( si, චන්ද්‍රිකා බණ්ඩාරනායක කුමාරතුංග, ta, சந்திரிகா பண்டாரநாயக்க குமாரதுங்க; born 29 Ju ...
,
President of Sri Lanka The President of Sri Lanka ( si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති ''Śrī Laṃkā Janādhipathi''; ta, இலங்கை சனாதிபதி ''Ilankai janātipati'') is the head of state and head of government of t ...
(1994–2005) **Prime Minister – **#
Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( si, රත්නසිරි වික්‍රමනායක, ta, ரத்னசிறி விக்கிரமநாயக்க; 5 May 1933 – 27 December 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Mi ...
,
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head and most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers. It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president, wh ...
(2000–2001) **# Ranil Wickremesinghe,
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head and most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers. It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president, wh ...
(2001–2004) * **President –
Bashar al-Assad Bashar Hafez al-Assad, ', Levantine pronunciation: ; (, born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the 19th president of Syria, since 17 July 2000. In addition, he is the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and the ...
, President of Syria (2000–present) **Prime Minister – Muhammad Mustafa Mero,
Prime Minister of Syria The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا), formally titled the president of the Council of Ministers ( ar, رئيس مجلس الوزراء), is the head of government of the Syrian Arab Republic. Nomination The prime ...
(2000–2003) * **President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008) **Prime Minister – Chang Chun-hsiung, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2000–2002) * **President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present) **Prime Minister –
Oqil Oqilov Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov ( tg, Оқил Ғайбуллоевич Оқилов, ''Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov''; russian: Окил Гайбуллаевич Окилов; born 2 February 1944) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the 7th Prime Mini ...
, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013) * **Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016) **Prime Minister – **# Chuan Leekpai,
Prime Minister of Thailand The prime minister of Thailand ( th, นายกรัฐมนตรี, , ; literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand. The prime minister is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed si ...
(1997–2001) **# Thaksin Shinawatra,
Prime Minister of Thailand The prime minister of Thailand ( th, นายกรัฐมนตรี, , ; literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand. The prime minister is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed si ...
(2001–2006) * **President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007) **Prime Minister –
Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in ...
,
Prime Minister of Turkey The prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı'') was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Grand National Assembly of ...
(1999–2002) * **President –
Saparmurat Niyazov Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; tk, Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow, in Cyrillic: Сапармырат Атаевич Ныязов (19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006), also known as Turkmenbashi, was a Turkmen politician who rule ...
,
President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...
(1990–2006) * **President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan,
President of the United Arab Emirates The president of the United Arab Emirates, or the Raʾīs ( ar, رَئِيْس), is the head of state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The president and vice-president are elected every five years by the Federal Supreme Council. Though the p ...
(1976–2004) **Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006) * **President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) **Prime Minister – Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003) * **Communist Party Leader – **#
Lê Khả Phiêu Lê Khả Phiêu (27 December 1931 – 7 August 2020) was a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from December 1997 to April 2001.Gainsborough 2010, p. 143 Lê Khả Phiêu served in the Viet ...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001) **# Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011) **President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006) **Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006) * **President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) **Prime Minister – **# Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani,
Prime Minister of Yemen The prime minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the prime minister is appointed by the president, and the former, as well as their Cabinet, must enjoy confidence from the House of ...
(1998–2001) **#
Abdul Qadir Bajamal Abdul Qadir Bajamal ( ar, عبد القادر باجمال; February 18, 1946 – September 7, 2020) was a Yemeni politician who served as Prime Minister from March 31, 2001 to April 7, 2007. He was a member of the General People's Congress part ...
,
Prime Minister of Yemen The prime minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the prime minister is appointed by the president, and the former, as well as their Cabinet, must enjoy confidence from the House of ...
(2001–2007)


Europe

* **President – Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002) **Prime Minister –
Ilir Meta Ilir Rexhep Meta (; born 24 March 1969) is an Albanian politician. He served as President of Albania from 24 July 2017 to 24 July 2022. Previously Meta served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and he was Speaker of the Parliament of Albania f ...
, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002) * **Monarchs – ***French Co-Prince –
Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Ma ...
, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007) ****Co-Prince's Representative – Frédéric de Saint-Sernin (1999–2002) ***Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop
Joan Martí i Alanis Joan Martí i Alanis (29 November 1928 – 11 October 2009) was a former Bishop of Urgell and hence former co-Prince of Andorra. He was Bishop of Urgell from 1971 to 2003. He was a co-signatory, along with François Mitterrand, of Andorra's ...
, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003) ****Co-Prince's Representative –
Nemesi Marqués Oste Nemesi Marquès Oste (born 17 May 1935) was the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell, who is one of the co-princes of Andorra. He is a Roman Catholic priest, and has been rector of Bellestar, a village of 55 inhabitants. He ...
(1993–2012) **Prime Minister –
Marc Forné Molné Marc Forné i Molné (; born 30 December 1946) was the prime minister of Andorra from 7 December 1994 to 20 February 2005. After 2 full terms, he was succeeded by Albert Pintat after Pintat won the January 2005 election. He is a lawyer by profess ...
, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005) * **President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008) **Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007) * **President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004) **Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel,
Federal Chancellor of Austria The chancellor of the Republic of Austria () is the head of government of the Republic of Austria. The position corresponds to that of Prime Minister in several other parliamentary democracies. Current officeholder is Karl Nehammer of the Aus ...
(2000–2007) * **President – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003) **Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Arkadi Ghukasyan,
President of Nagorno-Karabakh The president of Artsakh or president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is the head of state and head of government of the ''de facto'' Republic of Artsakh. In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the Republic voted in favor o ...
(1997–2007) ***Prime Minister – Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007) * **President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Vladimir Yermoshin Vladimir Vasilyevich Yermoshin ( be, Уладзі́мір Васі́левіч Ярмо́шын, tr. ''Uladzimir Vasilevich Yarmoshyn''; russian: Влади́мир Васи́льевич Ермо́шин; born 26 October 1942) is a politician f ...
, Prime Minister of Belarus (2000–2001) **# Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003) * **Monarch – Albert II,
King of the Belgians Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary, and popular monarchy. The monarch is titled king or queen of the Belgians ( nl, Koning(in) der Belgen, french: Roi / Reine des Belges}, german: König(in) der Belgier) and serves as the country's h ...
(1993–2013) **Prime Minister –
Guy Verhofstadt Guy Maurice Marie Louise Verhofstadt (; ; born 11 April 1953) is a Belgian politician who was the leader of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe from 2009 to 2019, and has been a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Belgium ...
,
Prime Minister of Belgium german: Premierminister von Belgien , insignia = State Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg , insigniasize = 100px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms , insigniaalt = , flag = Government ...
(1999–2008) * **Head of State –
Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Predsjedništvo Bosne i Hercegovine, separator=" / ", Предсједништво Босне и Херцеговине) is a three-member body which collectively serves as head of state of ...
***Serb Member –
Živko Radišić Živko Radišić ( sr-Cyrl, Живко Радишић, ; 15 August 1937 – 5 September 2021) was a Bosnian Serb politician who served as the 2nd Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1998 to 2002. Previously, from 1977 u ...
(1998–2002; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2000–2001) ***Bosniak Member – ***#
Halid Genjac Halid Genjac (born 8 March 1958) is a Bosnian politician who served as the 2nd Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2000 to 2001. He is the current general secretary of the Party of Democratic Action. Genjac has also ...
(2000–2001) ***#
Beriz Belkić Beriz Belkić (born 8 September 1946) is a Bosnian former politician who served as the 3rd Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2001 to 2002. He also served as Prime Minister of Sarajevo Canton from 1998 to 2001. Belk ...
(2001–2002) ***Croat Member – ***#
Ante Jelavić Ante Jelavić (born 21 August 1963) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1999 to 2000. He was elected to the post of chairman as a candidate of the Croatian Democratic Union. ...
(1998–2001) ***#
Jozo Križanović Jozo Križanović (28 July 1944 – 2 December 2009) was a Bosnian politician who served as the 3rd Croat member of the tripartite Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2001 until 2002. He was later on a member of the House of Representati ...
(2001–2002; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2001–2002) **Prime Minister – **#
Martin Raguž Martin Raguž (born 2 March 1958) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2000 to 2001. He was a member of both the national House of Representatives and House of Peoples. ...
, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000–2001) **# Božidar Matić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001) **# Zlatko Lagumdžija, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001–2002) **High Representative – Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2002) * **President – Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002) **Prime Minister – **# Ivan Kostov,
Prime Minister of Bulgaria The prime minister of Bulgaria ( bg, Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament – known as the National Assemb ...
(1997–2001) **#
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Simeon Borisov von Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ( bg, Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски, translit=Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski, ; born 16 June 1937) is a Bulgarian politician who reigned as the last tsar of the Kingdom of Bul ...
,
Prime Minister of Bulgaria The prime minister of Bulgaria ( bg, Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament – known as the National Assemb ...
(2001–2005) * **President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010) **Prime Minister –
Ivica Račan Ivica Račan (; 24 February 1944 – 29 April 2007) was a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2000 to 2003, heading two centre-left coalition governments. Račan became the first prime minister of Croatia not to be a ...
, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003) * **President – Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005) ***Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004) * **President – Václav Havel,
President of the Czech Republic The president of the Czech Republic is the head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The president mostly has ceremonial powers as the day-to-day business of the executive governm ...
(1993–2003) **Prime Minister – Miloš Zeman,
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The prime minister of the Czech Republic (Czech: ''Předseda vlády České republiky'') is the head of the government of the Czech Republic. The prime minister is the de-facto leader of the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and selects its m ...
(1998–2002) * **Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present) **Prime Minister – **# Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001) **# Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009) * **President – **#
Lennart Meri Lennart Georg Meri (; 29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian politician, writer, and film director. He served as the second president of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was among the leaders of the movement to restore Estonian independ ...
,
President of Estonia The president of the Republic of Estonia ( et, Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current president is Alar Karis, elected by Parliament on 31 August 2021, replacing Kersti Kaljulaid. Estonia is ...
(1992–2001) **# Arnold Rüütel,
President of Estonia The president of the Republic of Estonia ( et, Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current president is Alar Karis, elected by Parliament on 31 August 2021, replacing Kersti Kaljulaid. Estonia is ...
(2001–2006) **Prime Minister – Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999–2002) * **President – Tarja Halonen,
President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...
(2000–2012) **Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003) * **President –
Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Ma ...
, President of France (1995–2007) **Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin,
Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (french: link=no, Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister ...
(1997–2002) * **President – Eduard Shevardnadze,
President of Georgia President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
(1995–2003) **Prime Minister – **# Giorgi Arsenishvili, Minister of State of Georgia (2000–2001) **# Avtandil Jorbenadze, Minister of State of Georgia (2001–2003) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) ***Prime Minister – ***# Viacheslav Tsugba,
Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...
(1999–2001) ***# Anri Jergenia,
Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...
(2001–2002) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***# Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001) ***# Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011) ***Prime Minister – ***# Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001) ***# Dmitry Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001) ***#
Gerasim Khugayev Gerasim "Rezo" Georgievich Khugayev ( os, Хуыгаты Георгийы фырт Герасим (Резо), ''Xwêgatê Géorgiyê fêrt Gérasim (Rézo)''; ka, გერასიმე ხუგაევი, ''Gerasime Khugaevi''; russian: Ге ...
, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001–2003) * **President – Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004) **Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder,
Federal Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
(1998–2005) * **President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005) **Prime Minister – Costas Simitis,
Prime Minister of Greece The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic ( el, Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), colloquially referred to as the prime minister of Greece ( el, Πρωθυ ...
(1996–2004) * **President – Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005) **Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002) * **President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016) **Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004) * **President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011) **Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008) * **President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato (; born 13 May 1938) is an Italian politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001. Later, he was Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted t ...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2000–2001) **# Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006) * **President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga,
President of Latvia The president of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Valsts prezidents ) is head of state and commander-in-chief of the Latvian National Armed Forces, National Armed Forces of the Latvia, Republic of Latvia. The term of office is four years. Before 1999, it w ...
(1999–2007) **Prime Minister – Andris Bērziņš,
Prime Minister of Latvia The prime minister of Latvia ( lv, ministru prezidents) is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, who presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The officeholder is nominated by the president of Latvia, but must be able to obta ...
(2000–2002) * **Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present) **Prime Minister – **# Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001) **# Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009) * **President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003) **Prime Minister – **# Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2000–2001) **#
Eugenijus Gentvilas Eugenijus Gentvilas (born 14 March 1960 in Telšiai) is a Lithuanian politician, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania and Member of the European Parliament for the Liberal and Centre Union ( Liberal Movement s ...
, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001) **#
Algirdas Brazauskas Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas (, 1932 – 2010) was the first President (fourth overall) of a newly re-independent post-Soviet Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006. He also served as head of the Communist Party of Li ...
, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006) * **Monarch –
Henri Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry (given name), Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List_of_rulers_named_Henry#France, List of rulers named Henry ...
, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present) **Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013) * **President – Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Ljubčo Georgievski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1998–2002) * **President – Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004) * **President – **# Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1997–2001) **# Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009) **Prime Minister – **# Dumitru Braghiș, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999–2001) **# Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) * **Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005) **Prime Minister –
Patrick Leclercq Patrick André Leclercq (born 2 August 1938) was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was chosen by Rainier III, Prince of Monaco in December 1999, to replace Michel Lévêque, who retired a few days later. He had previously served as France's c ...
,
Minister of State of Monaco The Prime Minister, literally the Minister of State (French: ''Ministre d'État''), is the head of government of Monaco, being appointed by and subordinate to the Prince of Monaco. During their term of office, the officeholder is responsible for ...
(2000–2005) * **Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013) ** ( constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***Prime Minister – Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002) ** ( constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***''see '' ** ( constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***''see '' * **Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present) **Prime Minister – **# Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2000–2001) **# Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005) * **President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005) **Prime Minister – **#
Jerzy Buzek Jerzy Karol Buzek (born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament from Poland. He has served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001, since being elected to the European Parliament in 2004, he served as Pre ...
,
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
(1997–2001) **# Leszek Miller,
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
(2001–2004) * **President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006) **Prime Minister –
António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres ( , ; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. Since 2017, he has served as secretary-general of the United Nations, the ninth person to hold this title. A member of the Portuguese Socia ...
,
Prime Minister of Portugal The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
(1995–2002) * **President – Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004) **Prime Minister – Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004) * **President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008) **Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004) * **Captains-Regent – **#
Gianfranco Terenzi Gianfranco Terenzi (2 January 1941 – 20 May 2020) was a Sammarinese politician who served as captain regent on four occasions. He was a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party. His first term was with Rossano Zafferani (October 1 ...
and Enzo Colombini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2000–2001) **# Luigi Lonfernini and Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2001) **#
Alberto Cecchetti Alberto is the Romance version of the Latinized form (''Albertus'') of Germanic ''Albert''. It is used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The diminutive forms are ''Albertito'' in Spain or ''Albertico'' in some parts of Latin America, Albe ...
and
Gino Giovagnoli Gino may refer to: * Gino (given name) * Gino (surname) * ''Gino'' (film), a 1993 Australian film * ''Gino the Chicken'', Italian TV series See also * *Geno (disambiguation) *Gino's (disambiguation) Gino's may refer to: * Gino's East, a Chicag ...
, Captains Regent of San Marino (2001–2002) * **President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006) * **President – Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002) **Prime Minister – Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2000–2002) * **Monarch –
Juan Carlos I Juan Carlos I (;, * ca, Joan Carles I, * gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...
,
King of Spain , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...
(1975–2014) **Prime Minister –
José María Aznar José María Alfredo Aznar López (; born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who was the prime minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He led the People's Party (PP), the dominant centre-right political party in Spain. A member of the Fre ...
, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004) * **Monarch –
Carl XVI Gustaf Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden. He ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, on 15 September 1973. He is the youngest child and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Du ...
, King of Sweden (1973–present) **Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006) * **Council – Federal Council of Switzerland ***Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010;
President of Switzerland The president of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the president of the Confederation or colloquially as the president of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by t ...
, 2001), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), and Samuel Schmid (2000–2008) * **President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005) **Prime Minister – **# Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001) **# Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2001–2002) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022) **Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007) ** ( Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005) ***Chief Minister – ***#
Donald Gelling Donald James Gelling CBE CP, CInstSMM (born 5 July 1938) is a Manx former politician, who is a former Chief Minister of the Isle of Man who served two terms as Head of the Government. Early life and career Gelling was born on Tynwald Day (5 ...
,
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man The Chief Minister (Manx: ''Ard-shirveishagh'') is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, b ...
(1996–2001) ***#
Richard Corkill Richard Kenneth Corkill (born 1951) was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, December 2001 to December 2004 and an elected member of the House of Keys from 1991 to 2006. He was born in Douglas, Isle of Man. He was elected by Tynwald with 21 vot ...
,
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man The Chief Minister (Manx: ''Ard-shirveishagh'') is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. The office derives from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, b ...
(2001–2004) ** ( Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005) ***Bailiff –
de Vic Carey Sir de Vic Graham Carey (born 15 June 1940) is a Guernsey bailiff. He is the son of advocate Victor Michael Graham de Vic ("Michael") Carey and Jean (''née'' Bullen). At the age of 10 days, he evacuated to England with his parents in the face ...
,
Bailiff of Guernsey The title Bailiff of Guernsey has been used since at least the 13th century and indicated the leading citizen of Guernsey. The 90th and current Bailiff is Richard McMahon. History A ''Bailli'', the early Norman name for Bailiff was the perso ...
(1999–2005) ** ( Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) ***Lieutenant-Governor – ***#Sir
Michael Wilkes General Sir Michael John Wilkes, (11 June 1940 – 27 October 2013) was a British army officer who became Adjutant-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom. Early life The son of an Artillery officer, Michael John Wilkes was born at St ...
, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (1995–2001) ***#Sir
John Cheshire Air chief marshal Sir John Anthony Cheshire, , born , is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. RAF career Born the son of Group Captain (later Air Chief Marshal Sir) Walter Cheshire, and educated at Ipswich School and Worksop Colleg ...
, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006) ***Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache,
Bailiff of Jersey The Bailiff of Jersey () is the civic head of the Bailiwick of Jersey. In this role, he is not the head of government nor the head of state, but the chief justice of Jersey and presiding officer of Jersey's parliament, the States Assembly. The ...
(1995–2009) ** (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) ***Governor –
David Durie Sir David Robert Campbell Durie, (born 21 August 1944) is a retired British civil servant, whose last major public appointment was as Governor of Gibraltar. Early life Born into a family with a military tradition, Durie grew up in Scotlan ...
, Governor of Gibraltar (2000–2003) ***Chief Minister – Peter Caruana,
Chief Minister of Gibraltar The chief minister of Gibraltar is the head of His Majesty's Government of Gibraltar who is elected by the Gibraltar Parliament, and formally appointed by the governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British monarch. The incumbent chief ...
(1996–2011) * **Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005) **Head of Government – Cardinal
Edmund Szoka Edmund Casimir Szoka (September 14, 1927 – August 20, 2014) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Until 2006, he was President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and President of the Governorate of Vatican City ...
,
President of the Governorate of Vatican City The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State ( la, Pontificia Commissio pro Civitate Vaticana, it, Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Città del Vaticano;) is the legislative body of Vatican City. It consists of a president, who also ...
(1997–2006) ** Holy See ( ''sui generis'' subject of public international law) ***Secretary of State – Cardinal
Angelo Sodano Angelo Raffaele Sodano, GCC (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and from 1991 on a cardinal. He was the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 ...
,
Cardinal Secretary of State The Secretary of State of His Holiness (Latin: Secretarius Status Sanctitatis Suae, it, Segretario di Stato di Sua Santità), commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See's Secretariat of State, which is the ...
(1990–2006) * **President – Vojislav Koštunica, President of Yugoslavia (2000–2003) **Prime Minister – **# Zoran Žižić,
Prime Minister of Yugoslavia The prime minister of Yugoslavia ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Премијер Југославије, Premijer Jugoslavije) was the head of government of the Yugoslavia, Yugoslav state, from the Creation of Yugoslavia, creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croa ...
(2000–2001) **# Dragiša Pešić,
Prime Minister of Yugoslavia The prime minister of Yugoslavia ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Премијер Југославије, Premijer Jugoslavije) was the head of government of the Yugoslavia, Yugoslav state, from the Creation of Yugoslavia, creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croa ...
(2001–2003) ** Kosovo ( Self-Governing Entity under UN administration) ***UN Special Representative – ***#
Bernard Kouchner Bernard Kouchner KBE (born 1 November 1939) is a French politician and doctor. He is the co-founder of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and Médecins du Monde. From 2007 until 2010, he was the French Minister of Foreign and European Affairs ...
, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (1999–2001) ***#
Hans Hækkerup Hans Hækkerup (3 December 1945 – 22 December 2013) was a Danish politician who has served as a member of parliament (Folketing) for the Social Democratic party and as the Minister of Defence from 1993 to 2000 under Poul Nyrup Rasmussen. Early ...
, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2001)


North America

* (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004) **Chief Minister –
Osbourne Fleming Osbourne Berrington Fleming (born February 18, 1940) is a politician and a former chief minister of Anguilla. He held that post from March 6, 2000, three days after the Anguilla United Front, a conservative coalition which included Fleming's Angui ...
,
Chief Minister of Anguilla The Premier of Anguilla is the head of government in the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of Anguilla on behalf of the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently King Charles III. Up until 2019 the ...
(2000–2010) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II,
Queen of Antigua and Barbuda The monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Antigua and Barbuda. The current Antiguan and Barbudan monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is King C ...
(1981–2022) **Governor-General – Sir
James Carlisle Sir James Beethoven Carlisle, GCMG (born August 5, 1937) is a dentist and the former Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda. Selected by Vere Cornwall Bird (the country's first prime minister), his term ended in June 2007, after 16 years in of ...
, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007) **Prime Minister – Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004) * ( constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **Governor –
Olindo Koolman Olindo Koolman (born 15 April 1942) was the second governor of Aruba and served two terms of six years as governor from 29 January 1992 until 11 August 2004. Biography Koolman was born on 15 April 1942 in Aruba. He studied law, and in 1966 became ...
, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004) **Prime Minister – **# Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001) **# Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022) **Governor-General – **#Sir
Orville Turnquest Sir Orville Alton Turnquest (born 19 July 1928) is a politician who was the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Bahamas from 1992 to 1994, and the sixth governor-general of the Bahamas from 3 January 1995 until his retirement on 13 ...
, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001) **#Dame
Ivy Dumont Dame Ivy Leona Dumont ( Turnquest; born 2 October 1930), was the seventh governor-general of the Bahamas. She was the first woman in the Bahamas to hold this office, from 1 January 2002 (on an acting basis since 13 November 2001) until 30 Novem ...
, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005) **Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham,
Prime Minister of the Bahamas The prime minister of the Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas. The prime minister is formally appointed into office by the governor-general of the Bahamas, who represents Charles III, the king of the Bahamas (the Bahamian head of s ...
(1992–2002) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021) **Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011) **Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II,
Queen of Belize The monarchy of Belize is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Belize. The current Belizean monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is King Charles III. As sovereign, he is the perso ...
(1981–2022) **Governor-General – Sir
Colville Young Sir Colville Norbert Young (born 20 November 1932) is a Belizeans, Belizean politician who served as the 2nd Governor-General of Belize. He is also a patron of the Scouting, Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed as the Governor-General ...
, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021) **Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – **# Thorold Masefield,
Governor of Bermuda The Governor of Bermuda (fully the ''Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Somers Isles (alias the Islands of Bermuda)'') is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda. For the purposes of this a ...
(1997–2001) **# Tim Gurney, Acting Governor of Bermuda (2001–2002) **Premier –
Jennifer M. Smith Dame Jennifer Meredith Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, MP (born 1947) was the Premier of Bermuda from 1998 until 2003, the first premier who was not a member of the United Bermuda Party. Affectionately referred to as "Dame Jennifer", she has marked h ...
, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor –
Frank Savage Ted Savage (15 January 1887 – 2 March 1920) was a Canadian hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1908 Summer Olympics The 1908 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the IV Olympiad and also known as London 19 ...
, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1998–2002) **Chief Minister –
Ralph T. O'Neal Ralph Telford O'Neal, OBE (15 December 1933 – 11 November 2019) was a British Virgin Islander politician. He was the longest ever serving elected representative in the British Virgin Islands, and served as Chief Minister (when the office was ...
,
Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands The Premier of the Virgin Islands is the head of government for the British Virgin Islands. As a British Overseas Territory, the Premier is appointed by the Governor on behalf of the British monarch, currently King Charles III. Until 2007, the ...
(1995–2003) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022) **Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005) **Prime Minister – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – Peter Smith (diplomat), Peter Smith, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1999–2002) **Head of Government – **#Kurt Tibbetts, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2000–2001) **#McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005) * **President – Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) * **Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011) **President – Fidel Castro, President of Cuba, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008) **Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008) * **President – Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003) **Prime Minister – Pierre Charles (Dominican politician), Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004) * **President – Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004) * **President – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Grenada, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams (governor-general), Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008) **Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008) * **President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004) * **President – **#René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001) **#Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004) **Prime Minister – **#Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999–2001) **#Jean Marie Chérestal, Prime Minister of Haiti (2001–2002) * **President – Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Jamaica, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006) **Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006) * **President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – **#Tony Abbott (governor), Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat (1997–2001) **#Howard Fergus, Governor of Montserrat, Acting Governor of Montserrat (2001) **#Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004) **Chief Minister – **#David Brandt (politician), David Brandt, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001) **#John Osborne (Montserrat politician), John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006) * ( constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **Governor – Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002) **Prime Minister – Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002) * **President – Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) * **President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013) **Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Lucia, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022) **Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017) **Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006) *  (
departmental collectivity Departmental collectivity (french: collectivité départementale) was a legal designation used to describe the particular status of French overseas collectivity of Mayotte between 2001 and 2011. The term is used to indicate that Mayotte at the t ...
of France) **''redesignated from a territorial collectivity of the French
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
on 11 July'' **Prefect – **#Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1999–2001) **#Jean-François Tallec, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2001–2002) **Head of Government – Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002) **Prime Minister – **#Arnhim Eustace, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2000–2001) **#Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present) * **President – A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003) **Prime Minister – **#Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) **#Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – Mervyn Jones, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2000–2002) **Chief Minister – Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003) * **President – **#Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001) **#George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009) ** (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) ***Governor – ***#Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001) ***#Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005) ** (insular area of the United States) ***Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)


Oceania

* (Territories of the United States, unorganised, territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States) **Governor – Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Australia, Queen of Australia (1952–2022) **Governor-General – **#Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001) **#Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003) **Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007) **Christmas Island (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Bill Taylor (naval officer), Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003) ***Shire-President – ***#Dave McLane, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001) ***#Andrew Smolders, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003) **Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Bill Taylor (naval officer), Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003) ***Shire-President – ***#Mohammad Said Chongkin, President of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2001) ***#Ronald Grant (Cocos Islands), Ronald Grant, President of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007) ** (politics of Norfolk Island#Relationship with Australia, self-governing territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003) ***Chief Minister – ***#Ronald Coane Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2000–2001) ***#Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006) * **President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2001) **#Ratu Tevita Momoedonu, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001) **#Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006) *  (overseas territory (France), overseas territory of France) **High Commissioner – **#Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001) **#Christian Massinon, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia, Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001) **#Michel Mathieu (French politician), Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005) **Head of Government – Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004) * (insular area of the United States) **Governor – Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003) * **President – Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003) * **President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008) * **President – Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003) * **President – **#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2000–2001) **#René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003) * (French overseas departments and territories#Special collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of France) **High Commissioner – Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002) **Head of Government – **#Jean Lèques, President of the Government of New Caledonia (1999–2001) **#Pierre Frogier, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2001–2004) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of New Zealand, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022) **Governor-General – **#Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001) **#Dame Sian Elias, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (2001) **#Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Queen's Representative – ***#Lawrence Murray Greig, Queen's Representative, Acting Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2000–2001) ***#Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013) ***Prime Minister – Terepai Maoate, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999–2002) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Premier – Sani Lakatani, Premier of Niue (1999–2002) **Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand) ***Administrator – Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003) ***Head of Government – ***#Kolouei O'Brien, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2000–2001) ***#Kuresa Nasau, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2001–2002) * (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) **Governor – Pedro Pangelinan Tenorio, Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002) * **President – **#Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001) **#Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Papua New Guinea, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003) **Prime Minister – Sir Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – **#Martin Williams (diplomat), Martin Williams, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001) **#Richard Fell, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006) **Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of Pitcairn, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) * **Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007) **Prime Minister – Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–2022) **Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – **#Manasseh Sogavare, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2000–2001) **#Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006) * **Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, monarchy of Tonga, King of Tonga (1965–2006) **Prime Minister – Prince Tupou VI, Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Tuvalu, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022) **Governor-General – Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003) **Prime Minister – **#Lagitupu Tuilimu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2000–2001) **#Faimalaga Luka, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001) **#Koloa Talake, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001–2002) * **President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004) **Prime Minister – **#Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001) **#Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004) *  (overseas territory (France), overseas territory of France) **Administrator – Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2000–2002) **Head of Government – **#Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1999–2001) **#Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)


South America

* **President – **#Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina (1999–2001) **#Ramón Puerta, President of Argentina, Acting President of Argentina (2001) **#Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President of Argentina (2001) **#Eduardo Camaño, President of Argentina, Acting President of Argentina (2001–2002) * **President – **#Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001) **#Jorge Quiroga, President of Bolivia (2001–2002) * **President – Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2002) * **President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006) * **President – Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002) * **President – Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003) * (
Dependent Territory A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...
of the United Kingdom) **Governor – Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1999–2002) * **President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015) * **President – Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003) * **President – **#Valentín Paniagua, President of Peru (2000–2001) **#Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000–2001) **#Roberto Dañino, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2001–2002) * **President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010) * **President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005) * **President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999–2002)


Notes


External links


Rulers
list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen
n online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories {{Lists of 21st-century state leaders 2001 in politics, State leaders 2001-related lists, State leaders 2001 in international relations, State leaders Lists of state leaders by year, 2001