This is a list of analysis methods used in materials science. Analysis methods are listed by their acronym, if one exists.

Symbols

* μSR – see muon spin spectroscopy * χ – see

magnetic susceptibility In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (Latin: , "receptive"; denoted ) is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the ap ...

A

* AAS – Atomic absorption spectroscopy * AED –

Auger electron diffraction The Auger effect or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom. When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an ...

* AES –

Auger electron spectroscopy file:HD.6C.037 (11856519893).jpg, A Hanford Site, Hanford scientist uses an Auger electron spectrometer to determine the elemental composition of surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced in French) is a common analytical technique us ...

* AFM –

Atomic force microscopy Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the op ...

* AFS – Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy * Analytical ultracentrifugation * APFIM – Atom probe field ion microscopy * APS –

Appearance potential spectroscopy Appearance energy (also known as appearance potential) is the minimum energy that must be supplied to a gas phase atom or molecule in order to produce an ion. In mass spectrometry, it is accounted as the voltage to correspond for electron ionizati ...

* ARPES – Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy * ARUPS – Angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy * ATR – Attenuated total reflectance

B

* BET – BET surface area measurement (BET from Brunauer, Emmett, Teller) * BiFC – Bimolecular fluorescence complementation * BKD – Backscatter Kikuchi diffraction, see EBSD * BRET –

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some b ...

* BSED – Back scattered electron diffraction, see EBSD

C

* CAICISS – Coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy * CARS – Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy * CBED – Convergent beam electron diffraction * CCM – Charge collection microscopy * CDI –

Coherent diffraction imaging Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a "lensless" technique for 2D or 3D reconstruction of the image of nanoscale structures such as nanotubes, nanocrystals, porous nanocrystalline layers, defects, potentially proteins, and more. In CDI, a highl ...

* CE – Capillary electrophoresis * CET – Cryo-electron tomography * CL – Cathodoluminescence * CLSM – Confocal laser scanning microscopy * COSY – Correlation spectroscopy * Cryo-EM – Cryo-electron microscopy * Cryo-SEM – Cryo-scanning electron microscopy * CV – Cyclic voltammetry

D

* DE(T)A – Dielectric thermal analysis * dHvA – De Haas–van Alphen effect * DIC – Differential interference contrast microscopy * Dielectric spectroscopy * DLS – Dynamic light scattering * DLTS –

Deep-level transient spectroscopy Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) is an experimental tool for studying electrically active defects (known as charge carrier traps) in semiconductors. DLTS establishes fundamental defect parameters and measures their concentration in the mater ...

* DMA – Dynamic mechanical analysis * DPI – Dual polarisation interferometry * DRS –

Diffuse reflection spectroscopy Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical p ...

* DSC –

Differential scanning calorimetry Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and ref ...

* DTA – Differential thermal analysis * DVS –

Dynamic vapour sorption Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) is a gravimetric analysis, gravimetric technique that measures how quickly and how much of a solvent is absorbed by a sample: such as a dry powder absorbing water. It does this by varying the vapor concentration surround ...

E

* EBIC – Electron beam induced current (see IBIC: ion beam induced charge) * EBS – Elastic (non-Rutherford) backscattering spectrometry (see RBS) * EBSD –

Electron backscatter diffraction Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscope–based microstructural-crystallographic characterization technique commonly used in the study of crystalline or polycrystalline materials. The technique can provide info ...

* ECOSY –

Exclusive correlation spectroscopy Exclusive correlation spectroscopy (ECOSY) is an NMR correlation experiment introduced by O. W. Sørensen, Christian Griesinger, Richard R. Ernst and coworkers for the accurate measurement of small J-coupling In nuclear chemistry and nuclear phy ...

* ECT – Electrical capacitance tomography * EDAX –

Energy-dispersive analysis of x-rays Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or charac ...

* EDMR – Electrically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPR * EDS or EDX – Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy * EELS – Electron energy loss spectroscopy * EFTEM – Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy * EID –

Electron induced desorption The electron (, or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles ...

* EIT and ERT – Electrical impedance tomography and electrical resistivity tomography * EL –

Electroluminescence Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical phenomenon, optical and electrical phenomenon, in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field. This is distinct from black body light emissi ...

* Electron crystallography * ELS – Electrophoretic light scattering * ENDOR – Electron nuclear double resonance, see ESR or EPR * EPMA –

Electron probe microanalysis An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It ...

* EPR – Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy * ERD or ERDA – Elastic recoil detection or elastic recoil detection analysis * ESCA – Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis see XPS * ESD – Electron stimulated desorption * ESEM – Environmental scanning electron microscopy * ESI-MS or ES-MS –

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules bec ...

or electrospray mass spectrometry * ESR –

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spi ...

* ESTM – Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy * EXAFS – Extended X-ray absorption fine structure * EXSY –

Exchange spectroscopy Exchange may refer to: Physics *Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Places United States * Exchange, Indiana, an unincorporated community * ...

F

* FCS – Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy * FCCS – Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy * FEM –

Field emission microscopy Field-emission microscopy (FEM) is an analytical technique used in materials science to investigate molecular surface structures and their electronic properties. Invented by Erwin Wilhelm Müller in 1936, the FEM was one of the first surface-analy ...

* FIB – Focused ion beam microscopy * FIM-AP – Field ion microscopy–

atom probe The atom probe was introduced at th14th Field Emission Symposium in 1967by Erwin Wilhelm Müller and J. A. Panitz. It combined a field ion microscope with a mass spectrometer having a single particle detection capability and, for the first time, ...

Flow birefringence In biochemistry, flow birefringence is a hydrodynamic technique for measuring the rotational diffusion constants (or, equivalently, the rotational drag coefficients). The birefringence of a solution sandwiched between two concentric cylinders is ...

Fluorescence anisotropy Fluorescence anisotropy or fluorescence polarization is the phenomenon where the light emitted by a fluorophore has unequal intensities along different axes of polarization. Early pioneers in the field include Aleksander Jablonski, Gregorio Webe ...

* FLIM –

Fluorescence lifetime imaging Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the photon emission of a fluorophore from a sample. It can be used as an imaging technique in confocal microscopy, t ...

* Fluorescence microscopy * FOSPM – Feature-oriented scanning probe microscopy * FRET –

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore a lower photon energy, tha ...

* FRS – Forward Recoil Spectrometry, a synonym of

ERD ERD may refer to: * Érd, a city in Hungary * Berdyansk Airport, in Ukraine * Economic Relations Division (Bangladesh), of the Bangladeshi Ministry of Finance * Elastic recoil detection Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), also referred ...

* FTICR or FT-MS – Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance or Fourier-transform mass spectrometry * FTIR – Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

G

* GC-MS – Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry * GDMS – Glow discharge mass spectrometry * GDOS – Glow discharge optical spectroscopy * GISAXS –

Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) is a scattering technique used to study nanostructured surfaces and thin films. The scattered probe is either photons (grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, GISAXS) or neutrons (grazing-inci ...

* GIXD –

Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction Grazing incidence X-ray and neutron diffraction (GID, GIXD, GIND), typically from a crystalline structure uses small incident angles for the incoming X-ray or neutron beam, so that diffraction can be made surface sensitive. It is used to study sur ...

* GIXR –

Grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.J. ...

* GLC – Gas-liquid chromatography

H

* HAADF – High angle

annular dark-field imaging Annular dark-field imaging is a method of mapping samples in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). These images are formed by collecting scattered electrons with an annular dark-field detector. Conventional TEM dark-field imagi ...

* HAS – Helium atom scattering * HPLC – High performance liquid chromatography * HREELS – High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy * HREM –

High-resolution electron microscopy High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is an imaging mode of specialized transmission electron microscopes that allows for direct imaging of the atomic structure of samples. It is a powerful tool to study properties of materials on the ...

* HRTEM – High-resolution transmission electron microscopy * HI-ERDA – Heavy-ion elastic recoil detection analysis * HE-PIXE – High-energy proton induced X-ray emission

I

* IAES –

Ion induced Auger electron spectroscopy A Hanford scientist uses an Auger electron spectrometer to determine the elemental composition of surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, ...

* IBA –

Ion beam analysis Ion beam analysis ("IBA") is an important family of modern analytical techniques involving the use of MeV ion beams to probe the composition and obtain elemental depth profiles in the near-surface layer of solids. All IBA methods are highly sensitiv ...

* IBIC –

Ion beam induced charge An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conven ...

microscopy * ICP-AES – Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy * ICP-MS – Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry *

Immunofluorescence Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples. This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to specif ...

* ICR – Ion cyclotron resonance * IETS – Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy * IGA – Intelligent gravimetric analysis * IGF – Inert gas fusion * IIX – Ion induced X-ray analysis, see particle induced X-ray emission * INS – Ion neutralization spectroscopy * Inelastic neutron scattering * IRNDT –

Infrared non-destructive testing of materials Active thermography is an advanced nondestructive testing procedure, which uses a thermography measurement of a tested material thermal response after its external excitation. This principle can be used also for non-contact infrared non-destructive ...

* IRS – Infrared spectroscopy * ISS –

Ion scattering spectroscopy Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface science, surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. ...

* ITC – Isothermal titration calorimetry * IVEM – Intermediate voltage electron microscopy

L

* LALLS –

Low-angle laser light scattering Low-angle laser light scattering or LALLS is an application of light scattering that is particularly useful in conjunction with the technique of Size exclusion chromatography, one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to study the Molecula ...

* LC-MS – Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry * LEED – Low-energy electron diffraction * LEEM –

Low-energy electron microscopy Low-energy electron microscopy, or LEEM, is an analytical surface science technique used to image atomically clean surfaces, atom-surface interactions, and thin (crystalline) films. In LEEM, high-energy electrons (15-20 keV) are emitted from an el ...

* LEIS –

Low-energy ion scattering Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves d ...

* LIBS – Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy * LOES – Laser optical emission spectroscopy * LS – Light (Raman) scattering

M

* MALDI – Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization * MBE – Molecular beam epitaxy * MEIS – Medium energy ion scattering * MFM –

Magnetic force microscopy Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a variety of atomic force microscopy, in which a sharp magnetized tip scans a magnetic sample; the tip-sample magnetic interactions are detected and used to reconstruct the magnetic structure of the sample surf ...

* MIT –

Magnetic induction tomography Magnetic induction tomography is an imaging technique used to image electromagnetic properties of an object by using the eddy current effect. It is also called electromagnetic induction tomography, electromagnetic tomography (EMT), eddy current to ...

* MPM –

Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEF or 2PEF) is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows imaging of living tissue up to about one millimeter in thickness, with 0.64 μm lateral and 3.35 μm axial spatial resolution. Unlike traditional flu ...

* MRFM – Magnetic resonance force microscopy * MRI –

Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio wave ...

* MS –

Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a ''mass spectrum'', a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is use ...

* MS/MS – Tandem mass spectrometry * MSGE – Mechanically stimulated gas emission * Mössbauer spectroscopy * MTA – Microthermal analysis

N

* NAA –

Neutron activation analysis Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is the nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials. NAA allows discrete sampling of elements as it disregards the chemical form of a sample, and focuses solely on atomic ...

* ND – Neutron diffraction * NDP –

Neutron depth profiling Neutron depth profiling (NDP) is a near-surface analysis technique that is commonly used to obtain profiles of concentration as a function of depth for certain technologically important light elements in nearly any substrate. The technique was first ...

* NEXAFS – Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure * NIS – Nuclear inelastic scattering/absorption * NMR – Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy * NOESY – Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy * NRA –

Nuclear reaction analysis Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the nucleus of the atom: * Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear ...

* NSOM – Near-field optical microscopy

O

* OBIC –

Optical beam induced current Optical beam induced current (OBIC) is a semiconductor analysis technique performed using laser signal injection. The technique uses a scanning laser beam to create electron–hole pairs in a semiconductor sample. This induces a current which may b ...

* ODNMR – Optically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPR * OES – Optical emission spectroscopy *

Osmometry An osmometer is a device for measuring the osmotic strength of a solution, colloid, or compound. There are several different techniques employed in osmometry: * Vapor pressure osmometers determine the concentration of osmotically active particle ...

P

* PAS – Positron annihilation spectroscopy * Photoacoustic spectroscopy * PAT or PACT – Photoacoustic tomography or photoacoustic computed tomography * PAX –

Photoemission of adsorbed xenon The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, and solid ...

* PC or PCS – Photocurrent spectroscopy * Phase contrast microscopy * PhD –

Photoelectron diffraction The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, and Solid-stat ...

* PD – Photodesorption * PDEIS – Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy * PDS –

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of high sensitivity spectroscopy techniques used to measure optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. The basis of photothermal spectroscopy is the change in thermal state of the sample resultin ...

* PED –

* PEELS – parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy * PEEM – Photoemission electron microscopy (or photoelectron emission microscopy) * PES – Photoelectron spectroscopy * PINEM –

photon-induced near-field electron microscopy Photon-Induced Near-field Electron Microscopy (PINEM) is a variant of the Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy technique and is based on the inelastic coupling between electrons and photons in presence of a surface or a nanostructure. This m ...

* PIGE – Particle (or proton) induced gamma-ray spectroscopy, see

nuclear reaction analysis Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the nucleus of the atom: * Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear ...

* PIXE – Particle (or proton) induced X-ray spectroscopy * PL –

Photoluminescence Photoluminescence (abbreviated as PL) is light emission from any form of matter after the absorption of photons (electromagnetic radiation). It is one of many forms of luminescence (light emission) and is initiated by photoexcitation (i.e. photon ...

* Porosimetry * Powder diffraction * PTMS –

Photothermal microspectroscopy Photothermal microspectroscopy (PTMS), alternatively known as photothermal temperature fluctuation (PTTF), is derived from two parent instrumental techniques: infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In one particular type of AFM, kn ...

* PTS –

Photothermal spectroscopy Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of high sensitivity spectroscopy techniques used to measure optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. The basis of photothermal spectroscopy is the change in thermal state of the sample resultin ...

Q

* QENS –

Quasielastic neutron scattering Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) designates a limiting case of inelastic neutron scattering, characterized by energy transfers being small compared to the incident energy of the scattered particles. In a more strict meaning, it denotes scatte ...

* QCM-D –

Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring Within surface science, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is a type of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on the ring-down technique. It is used in interfacial acoustic sensing. Its most common application is t ...

R

Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy () (named after Indian physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman sp ...

* RAXRS – Resonant anomalous X-ray scattering * RBS – Rutherford backscattering spectrometry * REM – Reflection electron microscopy * RDS – Reflectance difference spectroscopy * RHEED – Reflection high energy electron diffraction * RIMS – Resonance ionization mass spectrometry * RIXS – Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering * RR spectroscopy – Resonance Raman spectroscopy

S

* SAD –

Selected area diffraction Selected area (electron) diffraction (abbreviated as SAD or SAED), is a crystallographic experimental technique typically performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is a specific case of electron diffraction used primarily in ma ...

* SAED – Selected area electron diffraction * SAM – Scanning Auger microscopy * SANS – Small angle neutron scattering * SAXS – Small angle X-ray scattering * SCANIIR – Surface composition by analysis of neutral species and ion-impact radiation * SCEM – Scanning confocal electron microscopy * SE – Spectroscopic ellipsometry * SEC – Size exclusion chromatography * SEIRA –

Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy A surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of sight and touch, and is ...

* SEM – Scanning electron microscopy * SERS – Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy * SERRS – Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy * SESANS – Spin Echo Small Angle Neutron Scattering * SEXAFS – Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure * SICM – Scanning ion-conductance microscopy * SIL – Solid immersion lens * SIM –

Solid immersion mirror Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma). The molecules in a solid are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy. A solid is characterized by structural ri ...

* SIMS – Secondary ion mass spectrometry * SNMS – Sputtered neutral species mass spectrometry * SNOM – Scanning near-field optical microscopy * SPECT –

Single-photon emission computed tomography Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. It is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera (that is, ...

* SPM –

Scanning probe microscopy Scan may refer to: Acronyms * Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), a psychiatric diagnostic tool developed by WHO * Shared Check Authorization Network (SCAN), a database of bad check writers and collection agency for bad ...

* SRM-CE/MS – Selected-reaction-monitoring capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry * SSNMR – Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance *

Stark spectroscopy Stark spectroscopy (sometimes known as electroabsorption/emission spectroscopy) is a form of spectroscopy based on the Stark effect. In brief, this technique makes use of the Stark effect (or electrochromism) either to reveal information about th ...

* STED –

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy. It creates super-resolution images by the selective deactivation of fluorophores, minimizing the area of illumination at the focal p ...

* STEM –

Scanning transmission electron microscopy A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pronunciation is tɛmor �sti:i:ɛm As with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM), images are formed by electrons passing ...

* STM – Scanning tunneling microscopy * STS – Scanning tunneling spectroscopy * SXRD – Surface X-ray diffraction

T

* TAT or TACT – Thermoacoustic tomography or thermoacoustic computed tomography (see also photoacoustic tomography – PAT) * TEM – Transmission electron microscopy * TGA – Thermogravimetric analysis * TIKA – Transmitting ion kinetic analysis * TIMS – Thermal ionization mass spectrometry * TIRFM – Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy * TLS – Photothermal lens spectroscopy, a type of

photothermal spectroscopy Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of high sensitivity spectroscopy techniques used to measure optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. The basis of photothermal spectroscopy is the change in thermal state of the sample resultin ...

* TMA – Thermomechanical analysis * TOF-MS – Time-of-flight mass spectrometry * Two-photon excitation microscopy * TXRF – Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

U

* Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy * UPS – UV-photoelectron spectroscopy * USANS – Ultra small-angle neutron scattering * USAXS – Ultra small-angle X-ray scattering * UT – Ultrasonic testing * UV-Vis – Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

V

* VEDIC – Video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy * Voltammetry

W

* WAXS – Wide angle X-ray scattering * WDX or WDS – Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

X

* XAES – X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy * XANES – XANES, synonymous with NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) * XAS – X-ray absorption spectroscopy * X-CTR –

X-ray crystal truncation rod X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface. For an infinite crystal, the diffracted pattern is concentrated in Dirac ...

scattering * X-ray crystallography * XDS –

X-ray diffuse scattering X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observi ...

* XPEEM – X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy * XPS – X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy * XRD –

X-ray diffraction X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles ...

* XRES –

X-ray resonant exchange scattering X-rays (or rarely, ''X-radiation'') are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it in 1895 and named it '' ...

* XRF – X-ray fluorescence analysis * XRR –

X-ray reflectivity X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.J. ...

* XRS –

X-ray Raman scattering X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons. It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely used tool in optical spectroscopy, with the difference being that the wavelengths ...

* XSW –

X-ray standing wave The X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique can be used to study the structure of surfaces and interfaces with high spatial resolution and chemical selectivity. Pioneered by B.W. Batterman in the 1960s, the availability of synchrotron light has stimulat ...

technique

References

* * {{cite book , editor=Yao, N , title=Focused Ion Beam Systems: Basics and Applications , publisher=Cambridge University Press , location=Cambridge, UK , year=2007 , isbn=978-0-521-83199-4 Materials analysis methods Analytical chemistry Materials analysis methods Materials analysis methods

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See also

References