List Of Mammals Of Panama on:
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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Panama. Among the mammals in
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
*Family:
Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of twenty-one extant species are present in Panama; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters,
The order Primates contains
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
, two are critically endangered, seven are endangered, eleven are vulnerable and three are near threatened. One species is classified as extinct.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of nat ...
:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
Subclass:
Theria
Theria (; Greek: , wild beast) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes. Theria includes the eutherians (including the placental mammals) and the metatherians (including the marsupials) but excludes the egg-laying monotremes.
...
Infraclass:
Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as wel ...
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
----
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Politically, the te ...
. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
n marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a ...
s in the late Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
or early Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...
. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat
The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of ...
, with a long snout and prehensile
Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding. The word is derived from the Latin term ''prehendere'', meaning "to grasp". The ability to grasp is likely derived from a number of different orig ...
tail.
*Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
**Subfamily: Caluromyinae
Caluromyinae is a subfamily of opossums. It includes the extant genera '' Caluromys'' and '' Caluromysiops'', as well as the extinct '' Pachybiotherium''. Until recently, the genus ''Glironia'' was also included. It has sometimes been classed as ...
***Genus: '' Caluromys''
**** Derby's woolly opossum
Derby's woolly opossum (''Caluromys derbianus''), or the Central American woolly opossum, is an opossum found in deciduous and moist evergreen forests of Central America, from southern Mexico to western Ecuador and Colombia. It was first describ ...
, ''C. derbianus'' LC
**Subfamily: Didelphinae
***Genus: ''Chironectes
The water opossum (''Chironectes minimus''), also locally known as the yapok (), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae.* It is the only living member of its genus, ''Chironectes''. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near freshwater ...
''
**** Water opossum
The water opossum (''Chironectes minimus''), also locally known as the yapok (), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae.* It is the only living member of its genus, ''Chironectes''. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near freshwater ...
, ''Chironectes minimus'' LR/nt
***Genus: ''Didelphis
''Didelphis'' is a genus of New World marsupials. The six species in the genus ''Didelphis'', commonly known as Large American opossums, are members of the ''opossum'' order, Didelphimorphia.
The genus ''Didelphis'' is composed of cat-sized om ...
''
**** Common opossum
The common opossum (''Didelphis marsupialis''), also called the southern or black-eared opossum or gambá, and sometimes called a possum, is a marsupial species living from the northeast of Mexico to Bolivia (reaching the coast of the South Pac ...
, ''Didelphis marsupialis'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Marmosa
The 27 species in the genus ''Marmosa'' are relatively small Neotropical members of the family Didelphidae. This genus is one of three that are known as mouse opossums. The others are '' Thylamys'' (the "fat-tailed mouse opossums") and '' Tlacua ...
''
**** Alston's mouse opossum
Alston's mouse opossum (''Marmosa alstoni''), also known as Alston's opossum, is a medium-sized pouchless marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is arboreal and nocturnal, inhabiting forests from Belize to northern Colombia. The main compone ...
, ''Marmosa alstoni'' LR/nt
**** Isthmian mouse opossum
The Isthmian mouse opossum (''Marmosa isthmica'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.Fiona A. Reid, ''A field guide to the mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico'' (OUP USA, 2009)p. ...
, ''Marmosa isthmica''
**** Mexican mouse opossum
The Mexican mouse opossum (''Marmosa mexicana'') is a species of North American opossum in the family Didelphidae.
Description
''Marmosa mexicana'' is a small to moderate-sized reddish-brown marsupial, varying from bright to dull coloration. ...
, ''Marmosa mexicana'' LR/lc
**** Robinson's mouse opossum
Robinson's mouse opossum (''Marmosa robinsoni'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, Grenada, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Robinson's mouse opossums mov ...
, ''Marmosa robinsoni'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Marmosops
''Marmosops'' is a genus of Neotropical opossums of the family Didelphidae. The genus was originally treated as a subgenus from the genus ''Marmosa'' rather than having their own classification. This was changed in 1989 by Gardner and Crieghto ...
''
**** Panama slender opossum
The Panama slender opossum (''Marmosops invictus''), also known as the slaty slender mouse opossum, is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is endemic to Panama, where it has been found in tropical rainforest habitats, including d ...
, ''Marmosops invictus'' LR/nt
***Genus: '' Metachirus''
**** Brown four-eyed opossum
The brown four-eyed opossum (''Metachirus nudicaudatus'') is a pouchless marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is found in different forested habitats of Central and South America, from Nicaragua to Brazil and northern Argentina, including s ...
, ''Metachirus nudicaudatus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Monodelphis
''Monodelphis'' is a genus of marsupials in the family Didelphidae, commonly referred to as short-tailed opossums. They are found throughout South America. , the most recently described species is ''M. vossi''.
Species
* Sepia short-tailed ...
''
**** Sepia short-tailed opossum
The sepia short-tailed opossum (''Monodelphis adusta'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link ...
, ''Monodelphis adusta'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Philander''
**** Gray four-eyed opossum
The gray four-eyed opossum (''Philander opossum'') is an opossum species from Central and South America, ranging from southern Mexico to Peru, Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, at altitudes from sea level to 1600 m, but generally below . Its hab ...
, ''Philander opossum'' LR/lc
Infraclass:
Eutheria
Eutheria (; from Greek , 'good, right' and , 'beast'; ) is the clade consisting of all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials.
Eutherians are distinguished from noneutherians by various phenotypic tra ...
Order:
Sirenia
The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea-cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The Sirenia currently comprise two distinct ...
(manatees and dugongs)
----
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
*Family: Trichechidae
Trichechidae is a family of sirenians that includes all living manatees and several extinct genera.
Systematics
TRICHECHIDAE
*MiosireninaeM. Voss. 2014. On the invalidity of Halitherium schinzii Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia), with comments o ...
**Genus: ''Trichechus
Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus ''Trichechus'') are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows. There are three accepted living species of Trichechidae, representing three of the four living species ...
''
*** West Indian manatee
The West Indian manatee (''Trichechus manatus''), also known as the North American manatee, is a large, aquatic mammal native to warm coastal areas of the Caribbean, from the eastern US to northern Brazil. Living alone or in herds, it feeds on un ...
, ''T. manatus''
Order:
Cingulata
Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order. Two groups of cingulates much larger than extant ar ...
(armadillos)
----
Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of twenty-one extant species are present in Panama; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts
Glyptodonts are an extinct subfamily of large, heavily armoured armadillos. They arose in South America around 48 million years ago and spread to southern North America after the continents became connected several million years ago. The best-k ...
, once lived in North and South America but went extinct following the appearance of humans.
*Family: Dasypodidae
Dasypodidae is a family of mostly extinct genera of armadillos. One genus, ''Dasypus'', is extant, with at least seven living species.
__TOC__
Classification
Below is a taxonomy of armadillos in this family.
Family Dasypodidae
*† Genus ...
(long-nosed armadillos)
**Subfamily: Dasypodinae
***Genus: '' Dasypus''
**** Nine-banded armadillo
The nine-banded armadillo (''Dasypus novemcinctus''), also known as the nine-banded long-nosed armadillo or common long-nosed armadillo, is a mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos. ...
, ''D. novemcinctus''
*Family: Chlamyphoridae
Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could ...
(armadillos)
**Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
***Genus: ''Cabassous
''Cabassous'' is a genus of South and Central American armadillos. The name is the Latinised form of the Kalini word for "armadillo".
Cladogram of living ''Cabassous''
The genus contains the following four species
In biology, a specie ...
''
**** Northern naked-tailed armadillo, ''C. centralis''
Order:
Pilosa
The order Pilosa is a clade of xenarthran placental mammals, native to the Americas. It includes the anteaters and sloths (which includes the extinct ground sloths). The name comes from the Latin word for "hairy".
Origins and taxonomy
The bi ...
(anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)
----
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloth
Sloths are a group of Neotropical xenarthran mammals constituting the suborder Folivora, including the extant arboreal tree sloths and extinct terrestrial ground sloths. Noted for their slowness of movement, tree sloths spend most of their l ...
s, and tamandua
''Tamandua'' is a genus of anteaters with two species: the southern tamandua (''T. tetradactyla'') and the northern tamandua (''T. mexicana''). They live in forests and grasslands, are semiarboreal, and possess partially prehensile tails. They m ...
s.
*Suborder: Folivora
Sloths are a group of Neotropical xenarthran mammals constituting the suborder Folivora, including the extant arboreal tree sloths and extinct terrestrial ground sloths. Noted for their slowness of movement, tree sloths spend most of their l ...
**Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
***Genus: '' Bradypus''
**** Pygmy three-toed sloth
The pygmy three-toed sloth (''Bradypus pygmaeus''), also known as the monk sloth or dwarf sloth, is a sloth endemic to Isla Escudo de Veraguas, a small island off the Caribbean coast of Panama. The species was first described by Robert P. Ander ...
, ''B. pygmaeus''
**** Brown-throated three-toed sloth
The brown-throated sloth (''Bradypus variegatus'') is a species of three-toed sloth found in the Neotropical realm of Central and South America.
It is the most common of the four species of three-toed sloth, and is found in the forests of South ...
, ''B. variegatus''
**Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths)
***Genus: '' Choloepus''
**** Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (''Choloepus hoffmanni''), also known as the northern two-toed sloth is a species of sloth from Central and South America.
It is a solitary, largely nocturnal and arboreal animal, found in mature and secondary rainf ...
, ''C. hoffmanni''
*Suborder: Vermilingua
Anteater is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue") commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with ...
**Family: Cyclopedidae
The Cyclopedidae is a family of anteaters that includes the silky anteater
The silky anteater, also known as the pygmy anteater, has traditionally been considered a single species of anteater, ''Cyclopes didactylus'', in the genus ''Cyclopes ...
***Genus: ''Cyclopes
In Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, the Cyclopes ( ; el, Κύκλωπες, ''Kýklōpes'', "Circle-eyes" or "Round-eyes"; singular Cyclops ; , ''Kýklōps'') are giant one-eyed creatures. Three groups of Cyclopes can be distinguish ...
''
**** Silky anteater
The silky anteater, also known as the pygmy anteater, has traditionally been considered a single species of anteater, ''Cyclopes didactylus'', in the genus ''Cyclopes'', the only living genus in the family Cyclopedidae. Found in southern Mexico ...
, ''C. didactylus''
****Central American silky anteater
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
, ''C. dorsalis''
**Family: Myrmecophagidae
The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat' (''myrmeco-'' and '). Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas. T ...
(American anteaters)
***Genus: ''Myrmecophaga
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
''
**** Giant anteater
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
, ''M. tridactyla''
***Genus: ''Tamandua
''Tamandua'' is a genus of anteaters with two species: the southern tamandua (''T. tetradactyla'') and the northern tamandua (''T. mexicana''). They live in forests and grasslands, are semiarboreal, and possess partially prehensile tails. They m ...
''
**** Northern tamandua
The northern tamandua (''Tamandua mexicana'') is a species of tamandua, an anteater in the family Myrmecophagidae. They live in tropical and subtropical forests from southern Mexico, through Central America, and to the edge of the northern Andes ...
, ''T. mexicana''
Order:
Primate
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians ( monkeys and apes, the latter including ...
s
----
The order Primates contains human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, cultu ...
s and their closest relatives: lemur
Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madagas ...
s, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and ape
Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and as well as Europe in prehistory), which together with its sister g ...
s. All the non-human Panamanian primates are New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea ...
s.
*Suborder: Haplorhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Cata ...
***Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
****Family: Aotidae
******Genus: '' Aotus''
******* Panamanian night monkey, ''Aotus zonalis'' DD – may be a subspecies of gray-bellied night monkey
The gray-bellied night monkey (''Aotus lemurinus''), also called the grey-legged douroucouliCebidae
*****Subfamily:
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two
The order Cetacea includes
There are over 260 species of carnivores, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
*Suborder:
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and
The even-toed ungulates are
Callitrichinae
The Callitrichidae (also called Arctopitheci or Hapalidae) are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the fa ...
******Genus: ''Saguinus
The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus ''Saguinus''. They are the first offshoot in the Callitrichidae tree, and therefore are the sister group of a clade formed by the lion tamarins, Goel ...
''
******* Geoffroy's tamarin
Geoffroy's tamarin (''Saguinus geoffroyi''), also known as the Panamanian, red-crested or rufous-naped tamarin, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diu ...
, ''Saguinus geoffroyi'' LC
*****Subfamily: Cebinae
******Genus: ''Cebus
Gracile capuchin monkeys are capuchin monkeys in the genus ''Cebus''. At one time all capuchin monkeys were included within the genus ''Cebus''. In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro ''et al.'' proposed splitting the genus between the robust capuchin ...
''
******* Colombian white-faced capuchin
The Colombian white-faced capuchin (''Cebus capucinus''), also known as the Colombian white-headed capuchin or Colombian white-throated capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. It is native to the ext ...
, ''Cebus capucinus'' LC
******* Panamanian white-faced capuchin
The Panamanian white-faced capuchin (''Cebus imitator''), also known as the Panamanian white-headed capuchin or Central American white-faced capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. Native to the for ...
, ''Cebus imitator'' LC
******Genus: ''Saimiri
Squirrel monkeys are New World monkeys of the genus ''Saimiri''. ''Saimiri'' is the only genus in the subfamily Saimirinae. The name of the genus is of Tupi origin (''sai-mirím'' or ''çai-mbirín'', with ''sai'' meaning 'monkey' and ''mirím'' ...
''
******* Central American squirrel monkey, ''Saimiri oerstedii'' VU
****Family: Atelidae
The Atelidae are one of the five family (biology), families of New World monkeys now recognised. It was formerly included in the family Cebidae. Atelids are generally larger monkeys; the family includes the howler monkey, howler, spider monkey, ...
*****Subfamily: Alouattinae
Howler monkeys (genus ''Alouatta'', monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (''Brachyteles''), the spider monkeys (''Atele ...
******Genus: ''Alouatta
Howler monkeys (genus ''Alouatta'', monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (''Brachyteles''), the spider monkeys (''Atele ...
''
******* Mantled howler
The mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata'') is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central and South America. It is one of the monkey species most often seen and heard in the wild in Central America. It takes its "mantle ...
, ''Alouatta palliata'' LC
******* Coiba Island howler
The Coiba Island howler (''Alouatta coibensis'') is a type of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Panama. Although the Coiba Island howler has been recognized as a separate species by a number of authorities since a 1987 study o ...
, ''Alouatta coibensis'' EN
*****Subfamily: Atelinae
The Atelinae are a subfamily of New World monkeys in the family Atelidae, and includes the various spider and woolly monkeys. The primary distinguishing feature of the atelines is their long prehensile tails, which can support their entire body w ...
******Genus: ''Ateles
Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus ''Ateles'', part of the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. The ...
''
******* Black-headed spider monkey (''Ateles fusciceps'') CR
******* Geoffroy's spider monkey, ''Ateles geoffroyi'' EN
Order:
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
ia (rodents)
----
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisor
Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, wher ...
s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
*Suborder: Hystricognathi
The Hystricognathi are an infraorder of rodents, distinguished from other rodents by the bone structure of their skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, fa ...
**Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
***Subfamily: Erethizontinae
****Genus: '' Coendou''
***** Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine
The Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine or Mexican tree porcupine (''Coendou mexicanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Mexico, Nicaragua and Belize.Biodiversit ...
, ''Coendou mexicanus'' LR/lc
***** Rothschild's porcupine
The Andean porcupine (''Coendou quichua'') or Quichua porcupine is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found in the Andes of northern Ecuador and Colombia as well as in Panama. This porcupine is little known, but is probably ...
, ''Coendou rothschildi'' LR/lc
***** Andean porcupine
The Andean porcupine (''Coendou quichua'') or Quichua porcupine is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found in the Andes of northern Ecuador and Colombia as well as in Panama. This porcupine is little known, but is probably ...
, ''Coendou quichua'' LR/dd
**Family: Caviidae
Caviidae, the cavy family, is composed of rodents native to South America and includes the domestic guinea pig, wild cavies, and the largest living rodent, the capybara. They are found across South America in open areas from moist savanna to tho ...
(guinea pigs)
***Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae
Hydrochoerinae is a subfamily of Caviidae, consisting of two living genera, '' Hydrochoerus'', the capybaras, and ''Kerodon'', the rock cavies. In addition, a number of extinct genera related to capybaras should also be placed in this subfamily. ...
(capybaras and rock cavies)
****Genus: ''Hydrochoerus
The genus ''Hydrochoerus'' contains two living and two extinct species of rodents from South America, the Caribbean island of Grenada, California and Panama. Capybaras are the largest living rodents in the world. The genus name is derived from t ...
''
***** Lesser capybara
The lesser capybara (''Hydrochoerus isthmius'')
University of Michigan M ...
, ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' LR/dd
**Family: University of Michigan M ...
Dasyproctidae
Dasyproctidae is a family of large South American rodents, comprising the agoutis and acouchis. Their fur is a reddish or dark colour above, with a paler underside. They are herbivorous, often feeding on ripe fruit that falls from trees. They liv ...
(agoutis and pacas)
***Genus: '' Dasyprocta''
**** Coiban agouti
The Coiban agouti (''Dasyprocta coibae'') is a species of rodent in the family Dasyproctidae. It is endemic to the island of Coiba (Panama) and resembles the more widespread Central American agouti. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat ...
, ''Dasyprocta coibae'' EN
**** Central American agouti, ''Dasyprocta punctata'' LR/lc
**Family: Cuniculidae
***Genus: '' Cuniculus''
**** Lowland paca
The lowland paca (''Cuniculus paca''), also known as the spotted paca, is a large rodent found in tropical and sub-tropical America, from east-central Mexico to northern Argentina, and has been introduced to Cuba and Algeria.
The animal is cal ...
, ''Cuniculus paca'' LC
**Family: Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terr ...
***Subfamily: Echimyinae
****Genus: ''Diplomys
''Diplomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Echimyidae.
They are found in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia and Panama.
Systematics
The genus contains the following species:
* Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (''Diplomys caniceps'')
* Rufous soft ...
''
***** Rufous soft-furred spiny-rat
The rufous soft-furred spiny-rat (''Diplomys labilis''), known as ''ratón espinoso'' meaning "spiny" or "thorny" rat in Spanish, is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae.
It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama
Panama ( , ; ...
, ''Diplomys labilis'' LR/lc
***Subfamily: Eumysopinae
****Genus: ''Hoplomys
The armored rat (''Hoplomys gymnurus'') is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Hoplomys''. It is found in Latin America, from northern Honduras to northwest Ecuador. It possesses a range of spines on ...
''
***** Armored rat, ''Hoplomys gymnurus'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Proechimys
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recog ...
''
***** Tome's spiny-rat, ''Proechimys semispinosus'' LR/lc
*Suborder: Sciurognathi
Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as ...
**Family: Sciuridae
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squ ...
(squirrels)
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
Sciurinae is a subfamily of squirrels (in the family Sciuridae), uniting the flying squirrels with certain related tree squirrels. Older sources place the flying squirrels in a separate subfamily (Pteromyinae) and unite all remaining sciurids i ...
****Tribe: Sciurini
Sciurini is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754 mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, '' Microsciurus''; the Bornean '' Rheithrosciuru ...
*****Genus: ''Microsciurus
''Microsciurus'' or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America.
Taxonomy and systematics
Recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification o ...
''
****** Central American dwarf squirrel
The Central American dwarf squirrel, also known as Alfaro's pygmy squirrel,(''Microsciurus alfari'') is a small tree squirrel in the genus ''Microsciurus'' and Tribe (biology), tribe Sciurini found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. ...
, ''Microsciurus alfari'' LR/lc
****** Western dwarf squirrel
The western dwarf squirrel (''Microsciurus mimulus'') is a small tree squirrel in the genus ''Microsciurus'' and tribe ''Sciurini'' found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of ...
, ''Microsciurus mimulus'' LR/lc
*****Genus: ''Sciurus
The genus ''Sciurus'' contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.
Species
The number of species in the genus is subject to change.
In 2005, Thorington & Hoff ...
''
****** Red-tailed squirrel
The red-tailed squirrel (''Sciurus granatensis'') is a species of tree squirrel distributed from southern Central America to northern South America.
Distribution
It is found in Central and South America ( Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, ...
, ''Sciurus granatensis'' LR/lc
****** Variegated squirrel
The variegated squirrel (''Sciurus variegatoides'') is a tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus'' found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, southern Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Fifteen subspecies are recognised. It is a common s ...
, ''Sciurus variegatoides'' LR/lc
*****Genus: '' Syntheosciurus''
****** Bangs's mountain squirrel
Bangs's mountain squirrel (''Syntheosciurus brochus'') is a poorly known species of tree squirrel, that only lives in Costa Rica and Panama. It can be found in mountain rain forests at an altitude between , and lives mainly in the tree tops, but ...
, ''Syntheosciurus brochus'' LR/nt
**Family: Geomyidae
***Genus: ''Orthogeomys
The giant pocket gopher (''Orthogeomys grandis'') is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. It is the type species of the genus ''Orthogeomys''; some zoologists also include in ...
''
**** Chiriqui pocket gopher, ''Orthogeomys cavator'' LR/lc
**** Darien pocket gopher
The Darien pocket gopher (''Heterogeomys dariensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is occurs in Panama and Colombia. Some authors classify it in the genus ''Orthogeomys'', but recent research has allowed this and its relat ...
, ''Orthogeomys dariensis'' LR/lc
**Family: Heteromyidae
Heteromyidae is a family of rodents consisting of kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice and spiny pocket mice. Most heteromyids live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of western North America, though species within th ...
***Subfamily: Heteromyinae
Heteromyinae is a subfamily of rodents in the family Heteromyidae, commonly known as spiny pocket mice. It contains a single extant genus, '' Heteromys'', as well as the extinct genera ''Diprionomys'' and ''Metaliomys''. ''Heteromys'' was recen ...
****Genus: ''Heteromys
''Heteromys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Heteromyidae, commonly known as spiny pocket mice. It is the only extant genus in the subfamily Heteromyinae which also includes the extinct genera '' Diprionomys'' and ''Metaliomys''. ''Hetero ...
''
***** Panamanian spiny pocket mouse
The Panamanian spiny pocket mouse (''Heteromys adspersus''), also known as Peter's spiny pocket mouse, is a species of Heteromyidae, heteromyid rodent endemic to Panama. It is very closely related to Salvin's spiny pocket mouse, and has been plac ...
, ''Heteromys adspersus'' LR/nt
***** Southern spiny pocket mouse
The southern spiny pocket mouse (''Heteromys australis'') is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, Rep ...
, ''Heteromys australis'' LR/lc
***** Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse
Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse (''Heteromys desmarestianus'') is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link ...
, ''Heteromys desmarestianus'' LR/lc
**Family: Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and h ...
***Subfamily: Tylomyinae
The subfamily Tylomyinae consists of several species of New World rats and mice including the vesper and climbing rats. They are not as well known as their relatives in the subfamilies Sigmodontinae and Neotominae. Many authorities place all t ...
****Genus: ''Nyctomys
Sumichrast's vesper rat (''Nyctomys sumichrasti'') is a rodent of the family Cricetidae found from southern Mexico to Panama. It is named for the collector of the first specimen, and its closest relative is probably Hatt's vesper rat, a similar, ...
''
***** Sumichrast's vesper rat
Sumichrast's vesper rat (''Nyctomys sumichrasti'') is a rodent of the family Cricetidae found from southern Mexico to Panama. It is named for the collector of the first specimen, and its closest relative is probably Hatt's vesper rat, a similar, ...
, ''Nyctomys sumichrasti'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Tylomys
''Tylomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 6 ...
''
***** Fulvous-bellied climbing rat
The fulvous-bellied climbing rat (''Tylomys fulviventer'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found only in Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), ...
, ''Tylomys fulviventer'' LR/nt
***** Panamanian climbing rat
The Panamanian climbing rat (''Tylomys panamensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a tr ...
, ''Tylomys panamensis'' VU
***** Watson's climbing rat
Watson's climbing rat (''Tylomys watsoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in Costa Rica and Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a ...
, ''Tylomys watsoni'' LR/lc
***Subfamily: Neotominae
The Neotominae are a subfamily of the family Cricetidae. They consist of four tribes, 16 genera, and many species of New World rats and mice, predominantly found in North America. Among them are the well-known deer mice, white-footed mice, packr ...
****Genus: ''Isthmomys
''Isthmomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae, belonging to the tribe Reithrodontomyini. Species are:
*Yellow isthmus rat
The yellow isthmus rat (''Isthmomys flavidus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is fo ...
''
***** Yellow isthmus rat
The yellow isthmus rat (''Isthmomys flavidus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Panama. It was discovered by W. W. Brown Jr. on the southern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui (8° 49' N, 82° 32' W). He found it com ...
, ''Isthmomys flavidus'' LR/lc
***** Mount Pirri isthmus rat, ''Isthmomys pirrensis'' LR/nt
****Genus: ''Peromyscus
''Peromyscus'' is a genus of rodents. They are commonly referred to as deer mice or deermice, not to be confused with the chevrotain or "mouse deer". They are New World mice only distantly related to the common house and laboratory mouse, ''Mu ...
''
***** Mexican deer mouse
The Mexican deer mouse (''Peromyscus mexicanus'') is a species of forest-dwelling rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in southern Mexico and throughout much of Central America.
Description
Mexican deer mice are moderately sized mouse-l ...
, ''Peromyscus mexicanus'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Reithrodontomys
''Reithrodontomys'' is the genus of groove-toothed New World harvest mice.
Species
This genus contains these species:
* Baker's small-toothed harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys bakeri''
* Short-nosed harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys brevirostris'' ...
''
***** Chiriqui harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys creper'' LR/lc
***** Darien harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys darienensis'' LR/lc
***** Mexican harvest mouse
The Mexican harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama in a variety of habitats at a ...
, ''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'' LR/lc
***** Sumichrast's harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys sumichrasti'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Scotinomys
''Scotinomys'' is a genus of rodent, the singing mice, in the family Cricetidae. Together with ''Baiomys'', it forms the tribe Baiomyini
Baiomyini is a tribe of rodents in the subfamily Neotominae occurring from the southern United States to P ...
''
***** Alston's brown mouse, ''Scotinomys teguina'' LR/lc
***** Chiriqui brown mouse, ''Scotinomys xerampelinus'' LR/lc
***Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the specie ...
****Genus: ''Ichthyomys
''Ichthyomys'' is a genus of semiaquatic Neotropical rodents in the family Cricetidae.
It contains the following species:
* Crab-eating rat (''Ichthyomys hydrobates'')
* Pittier's crab-eating rat (''I. pittieri'')
* Stolzmann's crab-eating rat ...
''
***** Tweedy's crab-eating rat, ''Ichthyomys tweedii'' LR/lc
****Genus: '' Melanomys''
***** Dusky rice rat, ''Melanomys caliginosus'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Neacomys
The genus ''Neacomys'', also known as bristly mice because of their spiny fur, includes several species of rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It is most closely related to ''Oligoryzomys'', ''Oreoryzomys'', and ''Microryzomys'' ...
''
***** Painted bristly mouse, ''Neacomys pictus'' LR/nt
****Genus: ''Oecomys
''Oecomys'' is a genus of rodent within the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It contains about 17 species, which live in trees and are distributed across forested parts of South America, extending into Panama and Trinidad
Trinidad i ...
''
***** Bicolored arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys bicolor'' LR/lc
***** Trinidad arboreal rice rat, ''Oecomys trinitatis'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Oligoryzomys
''Oligoryzomys'' is a genus of rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. Many species are known as pygmy rice rats or colilargos.Musser and Carleton, 2005 The genus is found from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego and includes approximately 1 ...
''
***** Fulvous pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys fulvescens'' LR/lc
***** Sprightly pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys vegetus'' LR/nt
****Genus: ''Oryzomys
''Oryzomys'' is a genus of semiaquatic rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini living in southern North America and far northern South America. It includes eight species, two of which—the marsh rice rat (''O. palustris'') of the United States and ...
''
***** Tomes's rice rat, ''Oryzomys albigularis'' LR/lc
***** Alfaro's rice rat, ''Oryzomys alfaroi'' LR/lc
***** Bolivar rice rat, ''Oryzomys bolivaris'' LR/lc
***** Coues' rice rat, ''Oryzomys couesi'' LR/lc
***** Boquete rice rat, ''Oryzomys devius'' LR/lc
***** Talamancan rice rat, ''Oryzomys talamancae'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Rheomys
''Rheomys'' is a genus of Mexican and Central American semiaquatic rodents in the family Cricetidae.
It contains the following species:
* Mexican water mouse, ''Rheomys mexicanus''
* Goldman's water mouse, ''Rheomys raptor''
* Thomas's water mou ...
''
***** Goldman's water mouse
''Rheomys raptor'', also known as the Goldman's water mouse or Goldman's Ichthyomyine, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. This mouse is semiaquatic and its carnivorous diet includes invertebrates. The conservation status of the speci ...
, ''Rheomys raptor'' LR/lc
***** Underwood's water mouse, ''Rheomys underwoodi'' LR/lc
****Genus: ''Rhipidomys
''Rhipidomys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Cricetidae, The following 24 species of climbing mouse species are currently recognised:
* '' Rhipidomys albujai''
* Southern climbing mouse (''Rhipidomys austrinus'')
* Cariri climbing mouse ( ...
''
***** Broad-footed climbing mouse, ''Rhipidomys scandens'' VU
****Genus: '' Sigmodon''
***** Southern cotton rat, ''Sigmodon hirsutus'' LC
****Genus: '' Sigmodontomys''
***** Alfaro's rice water rat, ''Sigmodontomys alfari'' LR/lc
****Genus: '' Zygodontomys''
***** Short-tailed cane rat
''Zygodontomys brevicauda'', also known as the short-tailed zygodont, short-tailed cane mouse, or common cane mouse, is a species of rodent in the genus ''Zygodontomys'' of tribe Oryzomyini. Distribution
It occurs from Costa Rica via Panama, Col ...
, ''Zygodontomys brevicauda'' LR/lc
Order:
Lagomorpha
The lagomorphs are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). The name of the order is derived from the Ancient Greek ''lagos'' (λαγ ...
(lagomorphs)
----
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae
Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...
( hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pika
A pika ( or ; archaically spelled pica) is a small, mountain-dwelling mammal found in Asia and North America. With short limbs, very round body, an even coat of fur, and no external tail, they resemble their close relative, the rabbit, but wi ...
s). Though they can resemble rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
s, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
*Family: Leporidae
Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...
(rabbits, hares)
**Genus: ''Sylvilagus
Cottontail rabbits are the leporid species in the genus ''Sylvilagus'', found in the Americas. Most ''Sylvilagus'' species have stub tails with white undersides that show when they retreat, giving them their characteristic name. However, this ...
''
*** Dice's cottontail
Dice's cottontail (''Sylvilagus dicei'') is a species of cottontail rabbit in the family Leporidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama, in páramo and cloud forest habitats.
Taxonomy
Dice's cottontail was Species description, first described by ...
, ''Sylvilagus dicei'' VU
*** Eastern cottontail
The eastern cottontail (''Sylvilagus floridanus'') is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae. It is the most common rabbit species in North America.
Distribution
The eastern cottontail can be found in meadows and shrubb ...
, ''Sylvilagus floridanus'' LR/lc
*** Central American tapetí, ''Sylvilagus gabbi'' LC
*** Northern tapetí, ''Sylvilagus incitatus'' NE
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)
---- Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews andsolenodon
Solenodons (from el, τέλειος , 'channel' or 'pipe' and el, ὀδούς , 'tooth') are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae . The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solen ...
s closely resemble mice, hedgehog
A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introductio ...
s carry spines, while mole
Mole (or Molé) may refer to:
Animals
* Mole (animal) or "true mole", mammals in the family Talpidae, found in Eurasia and North America
* Golden moles, southern African mammals in the family Chrysochloridae, similar to but unrelated to Talpida ...
s are stout-bodied burrowers.
*Family: Soricidae (shrews)
**Subfamily: Soricinae
The red-toothed shrews of the subfamily Soricinae are one of three living subfamilies of shrews, along with Crocidurinae (white-toothed shrews) and Myosoricinae (African white-toothed shrews). In addition, the family contains the extinct subfamil ...
***Tribe: Blarinini
****Genus: ''Cryptotis
The genus ''Cryptotis'' is a group of relatively small shrews with short ears, which are usually not visible, and short tails, commonly called small-eared shrews. They have 30 teeth and are members of the red-toothed shrew subfamily. Since 1992, ...
''
***** Enders's small-eared shrew
Enders's small-eared shrew (''Cryptotis endersi'') is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a trans ...
, ''Cryptotis endersi'' EN
***** Talamancan small-eared shrew
The Talamancan small-eared shrew (''Cryptotis gracilis'') is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República d ...
, ''Cryptotis gracilis'' VU
***** Blackish small-eared shrew, ''Cryptotis nigrescens'' LR/lc
***** North American least shrew
The North American least shrew (''Cryptotis parvus'') is one of the smallest mammals, growing to be only up to 3 inches long. It has a long pointed snout and a tail never more than twice the length of its hind foot. The dense fur coat is e ...
, ''Cryptotis parva'' LR/lc
Order:
Chiroptera
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...
(bats)
----
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Noctilionidae
**Genus: '' Noctilio''
*** Lesser bulldog bat, ''Noctilio albiventris'' LR/lc
*** Greater bulldog bat
The greater bulldog bat or fisherman bat (''Noctilio leporinus'') is a species of fishing bat native to Latin America (Spanish: ''murciélago pescador''; Portuguese: ''morcego-pescador''). The bat uses echolocation to detect water ripples made ...
, ''Noctilio leporinus'' LR/lc
*Family: Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat famili ...
**Subfamily: Myotinae
Myotinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. It contains three genera: ''Eudiscopus'', '' Myotis'', and ''Submyotodon''. Before the description of ''Submyotodon'' and analysis of its phylogenetics, as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ''Eudiscopus'', ...
***Genus: ''Myotis
The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (me ...
''
**** Silver-tipped myotis, ''Myotis albescens'' LR/lc
**** Hairy-legged myotis, ''Myotis keaysi'' LR/lc
**** Black myotis
The black myotis (''Myotis nigricans'') is a vesper bat species from South and Central America.
Its body is dark brown/black. The head to body length, not including the tail, is about 5 cm (2 in.). The black myotis is a tiny bat with a smal ...
, ''Myotis nigricans'' LR/lc
**** Montane myotis
The montane myotis (''Myotis oxyotus'') is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
References
Mouse-eared bats
Mammals of Bolivia
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals of Ecuado ...
, ''Myotis oxyotus'' LR/lc
**** Riparian myotis
The riparian myotis (''Myotis riparius''), is a vespertilionid bat species from South and Central America. It is a medium-sized bat compared to other South American myotis.
Taxonomy
The riparian myotis was originally described as a subspecies of ...
, ''Myotis riparius'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae.
Classification
Subfamily Vespertilioninae
*Tribe Antrozoini
**Genus '' Antrozous''
*** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus''
**Genus '' Bauerus''
*** Van Geld ...
***Genus: ''Eptesicus
''Eptesicus'' is a genus of bats, commonly called house bats or serotine bats, in the family Vespertilionidae. The genus name is likely derived from the Greek words ''ptetikos'' 'able to fly' or ''petomai'' 'house flier', although this is not ce ...
''
**** Brazilian brown bat, ''Eptesicus brasiliensis'' LR/lc
**** Argentine brown bat, ''Eptesicus furinalis'' LR/lc
**** Big brown bat
The big brown bat (''Eptesicus fuscus'') is a species of vesper bat distributed widely throughout North America, the Caribbean, and the northern portion of South America. It was first described as a species in 1796. Compared to other microbat ...
, ''Eptesicus fuscus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Lasiurus
''Lasiurus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilio ...
''
**** Desert red bat, ''Lasiurus blossevillii'' LR/lc
**** Tacarcuna bat, ''Lasiurus castaneus'' VU
**** Southern yellow bat
The southern yellow bat (''Dasypterus ega'') is a species of vesper bat that belongs to suborder microchiroptera (microbat) in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native to South, North and Central America, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas i ...
, ''Lasiurus ega'' LR/lc
**** Big red bat, ''Lasiurus egregius'' LR/nt
*Family: Molossidae
**Genus: '' Cynomops''
*** Southern dog-faced bat
The southern dog-faced bat (''Cynomops planirostris''), is a bat species of the family Molossidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname and Venezuela
Vene ...
, ''Cynomops planirostris'' LR/lc
**Genus: '' Eumops''
*** Black bonneted bat, ''Eumops auripendulus'' LR/lc
*** Dwarf bonneted bat, ''Eumops bonariensis'' LR/lc
*** Wagner's bonneted bat, ''Eumops glaucinus'' LR/lc
*** Sanborn's bonneted bat, ''Eumops hansae'' LR/lc
**Genus: '' Molossus''
*** Black mastiff bat
The black mastiff bat (''Molossus rufus'') is a bat species. It ranges from the northern region of South America (excluding Chile), most of Central America (excluding Belize) and parts of southern Mexico.
Taxonomy
The black mastiff bat was speci ...
, ''Molossus ater'' LR/lc
*** Bonda mastiff bat, ''Molossus bondae'' LR/lc
*** Coiban mastiff bat, ''Molossus coibensis'' LR/nt
*** Velvety free-tailed bat, ''Molossus molossus'' LR/lc
*** Sinaloan mastiff bat
The Sinaloan mastiff bat (''Molossus sinaloae'') is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, native to Mexico, Central America and northern South America.
Description
The Sinaloan mastiff bat is a moderately sized bat, measuring in length, ...
, ''Molossus sinaloae'' LR/lc
**Genus: '' Nyctinomops''
*** Broad-eared bat, ''Nyctinomops laticaudatus'' LR/lc
**Genus: ''Promops
''Promops'' is a genus of free-tailed bats.
Species
* ''Promops centralis'' - big crested mastiff bat
* ''Promops davisoni''
* ''Promops nasutus'' - brown mastiff bat
References
Promops,
Molossidae
Bat genera
Taxa named by Paul Gervai ...
''
*** Big crested mastiff bat, ''Promops centralis'' LR/lc
**Genus: ''Tadarida
The genus ''Tadarida'' has 9 or more species of free-tailed bats divided into two subgenera, with the first of these containing seven species spread across the Old World (including southern Europe and North Africa, large parts of southern Asia, ...
''
*** Mexican free-tailed bat
The Mexican free-tailed bat or Brazilian free-tailed bat (''Tadarida brasiliensis'') is a medium-sized bat native to the Americas, so named because its tail can be almost half its total length and is not attached to its uropatagium. It has been ...
, ''Tadarida brasiliensis'' LR/nt
*Family: Emballonuridae
Emballonuridae is a family of microbats, many of which are referred to as sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The earliest fossil records are from the Eocene.
Descr ...
**Genus: ''Cormura
The chestnut sac-winged bat, or Wagner's sac-winged bat (''Cormura brevirostris'') is a species of sac-winged bat native to South and Central America. It is monotypic taxon, the only species within its genus.
Description
The chestnut sac-winged ...
''
*** Wagner's sac-winged bat, ''Cormura brevirostris'' LR/lc
**Genus: ''Diclidurus
''Diclidurus'' is a genus of bats whose common name is the ghost bats (not to be confused with the Australia ''Macroderma gigas''). ''Diclidurus'' all inhabit tropical South America, and ''D. albus'' is also found in Mexico and Central America.E ...
''
*** Northern ghost bat, ''Diclidurus albus'' LR/lc
**Genus: '' Peropteryx''
*** Lesser doglike bat, ''Peropteryx macrotis'' LR/lc
**Genus: '' Rhynchonycteris''
*** Proboscis bat
The proboscis bat (''Rhynchonycteris naso'') is a species of bat found in South America and Central America. Other common names include Long-nosed proboscis bat, sharp-nosed bat, Brazilian long-nosed bat.
and river bat It is the only species i ...
, ''Rhynchonycteris naso'' LR/lc
**Genus: ''Saccopteryx
''Saccopteryx'' is a genus of sac-winged bats from Central and South America. The species within this genus are:
* Antioquian sac-winged bat ''Saccopteryx antioquensis''
*Greater sac-winged bat
The greater sac-winged bat (''Saccopteryx bili ...
''
*** Greater sac-winged bat
The greater sac-winged bat (''Saccopteryx bilineata'') is a bat of the family Emballonuridae native to Central and South America.
They are the most common bats seen in the rainforest, as they often roost on the outside of large trees. They are ...
, ''Saccopteryx bilineata'' LR/lc
*** Lesser sac-winged bat, ''Saccopteryx leptura'' LR/lc
*Family: Mormoopidae
The family Mormoopidae contains bats known generally as mustached bats, ghost-faced bats, and naked-backed bats. They are found in the Americas from the Southwestern United States to Southeastern Brazil.
They are distinguished by the presenc ...
**Genus: ''Pteronotus
''Pteronotus'' is a genus of bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bat ...
''
*** Big naked-backed bat, ''Pteronotus gymnonotus'' LR/lc
*** Parnell's mustached bat
Parnell's mustached bat (''Pteronotus parnellii'') is an insectivorous bat native to the Americas. It ranges from southern Sonora, Mexico, south to Brazil. It has a wider historical range; fossil specimens have been collected on the island of Ne ...
, ''Pteronotus parnellii'' LR/lc
*** Wagner's mustached bat
Wagner's mustached bat (''Pteronotus personatus'') is a bat species from South and Central America. It is one of the few New World bats species known to perform Doppler shift compensation behavior.
Description
Wagner's mustached bat is a relati ...
, ''Pteronotus personatus'' LR/lc
*Family: Phyllostomidae
**Subfamily: Phyllostominae
***Genus: ''Chrotopterus
The big-eared woolly bat or (Peters's) woolly false vampire bat (''Chrotopterus auritus'') is a species of bat, belonging to the family Phyllostomidae.
The name ''Chrotopterus'' is derived from Greek roots ''ch''ariots (skin, color), and ''pter ...
''
**** Big-eared woolly bat, ''Chrotopterus auritus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Glyphonycteris
''Glyphonycteris'' is a genus of bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Ba ...
''
**** Davies's big-eared bat
Davies's big-eared bat or the graybeard bat (''Glyphonycteris daviesi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is named after James (Jim) Noel Davies (B. 1936) who discovered it whilst on an expedition in British Guiana, South A ...
, ''Glyphonycteris daviesi'' LR/nt
**** Tricolored big-eared bat
The tricolored big-eared bat (''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'') is a bat species from South and Central America.
Description
Individuals weigh and have forearm lengths of . The fur on its back is long, woolly, and dark brown. Individual hairs ar ...
, ''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'' LR/nt
***Genus: '' Lampronycteris''
**** Yellow-throated big-eared bat, ''Lampronycteris brachyotis'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Lonchorhina
''Lonchorhina'' is a genus of Central and South American bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true ...
''
**** Tomes's sword-nosed bat
Tomes's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina aurita''), also known as the common sword-nosed bat is a bat species from South and Central America. It is also found in the Bahamas, but is known from only one specimen collected on the island of New Provid ...
, ''Lonchorhina aurita'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Lophostoma
''Lophostoma'' is a genus of Central and South American bats in the family Phyllostomidae.
Species
Genus ''Lophostoma''
* Pygmy round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma brasiliense''
* Carriker's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma carrikeri''
* Davis's round ...
''
**** Pygmy round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma brasiliense'' LR/lc
**** White-throated round-eared bat
The white-throated round-eared bat (''Lophostoma silvicolum'') is a bat species found from Honduras to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. It creates roosts inside the nests of the termite, ''Nasutitermes corniger''. It thrives on a mainly insect-base ...
, ''Lophostoma silvicolum'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Macrophyllum
The long-legged bat (''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'') is a member of the Phyllostomidae family in the order Chiroptera. Both males and females of this species are generally small, with wingspans reaching 80mm with an average weight ranging betwee ...
''
**** Long-legged bat, ''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Micronycteris
''Micronycteris'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats.
List of species
Genus ''Micronycteris'' - little big-eared bats
* Brosset's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris brosseti ''Simmons & Voss, 1998
* '' Micronycteris buriri'' Larsen, Siles, Pedersen, & Kw ...
''
**** Hairy big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris hirsuta'' LR/lc
**** White-bellied big-eared bat
The white-bellied big-eared bat (''Micronycteris minuta'') is a bat species from South and Central America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost islan ...
, ''Micronycteris minuta'' LR/lc
**** Schmidts's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris schmidtorum'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Mimon
''Mimon'' is a bat genus from South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the ...
''
**** Striped hairy-nosed bat
The striped hairy-nosed bat (''Mimon crenulatum'') is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, Repúb ...
, ''Mimon crenulatum'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Phylloderma
The pale-faced bat (''Phylloderma stenops'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the ...
''
**** Pale-faced bat, ''Phylloderma stenops'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Phyllostomus''
**** Pale spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus discolor'' LR/lc
**** Greater spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus hastatus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Tonatia
''Tonatia'' is a small genus of South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the ...
''
**** Stripe-headed round-eared bat, ''Tonatia saurophila'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Trachops
The fringe-lipped bat (''Trachops cirrhosus'') is a leaf-nosed bat from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. It has three subspecies and no known fossils. It is the only species within its genus.
Morphology
The fringe-lipped bat has ...
''
**** Fringe-lipped bat, ''Trachops cirrhosus'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Trinycteris''
**** Niceforo's big-eared bat, ''Trinycteris nicefori'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Lonchophyllinae
***Genus: '' Lionycteris''
**** Chestnut long-tongued bat
The chestnut long-tongued bat (''Lionycteris spurrelli'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United St ...
, ''Lionycteris spurrelli'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Lonchophylla''
**** Godman's nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla mordax'' LR/lc
**** Orange nectar bat, ''Lonchophylla robusta'' LR/lc
**** Thomas's nectar bat
Thomas's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla thomasi'') is a bat species from South and Central America. Thomas's nectar bat pollinates the vine ''Marcgravia
''Marcgravia'' is a genus of plants in the Marcgraviaceae family commonly eaten by the dwarf l ...
, ''Lonchophylla thomasi'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Glossophaginae
***Genus: '' Anoura''
**** Handley's tailless bat, ''Anoura cultrata'' LR/lc
**** Geoffroy's tailless bat, ''Anoura geoffroyi'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Glossophaga
''Glossophaga'' (long-tongued bat) is a genus of bats in the leaf-nosed bat family, Phyllostomidae. Members of the genus are native to the American Neotropics.
Species
*''G. antillarum'' (Rehn, 1902): Jamaican long-tongued bat, Jamaica.
*''G ...
''
**** Commissaris's long-tongued bat
Commissaris's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga commissarisi'') is a bat species from South and Central America.
Description
The bat's length ranges from 43 to 65 mm, has a wingspan of 32 to 42 mm, and weighs on average 9.3 to 9.5 grams ...
, ''Glossophaga commissarisi'' LR/lc
**** Pallas's long-tongued bat
Pallas's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga soricina'') is a South and Central American bat with a fast metabolism that feeds on nectar.
Metabolism
It has the fastest metabolism ever recorded in a mammal, similar to those of hummingbirds. Althou ...
, ''Glossophaga soricina'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Hylonycteris''
**** Underwood's long-tongued bat
Underwood's long-tongued bat (''Hylonycteris underwoodi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Hylonycteris''. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Hylonycteri ...
, ''Hylonycteris underwoodi'' LR/nt
***Genus: '' Lichonycteris''
**** Dark long-tongued bat, ''Lichonycteris obscura'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Carolliinae
Carolliinae is a subfamily of bats.
Classification
Subfamily Carolliinae
*Genus: ''Carollia'' - Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bats
** Benkeith's short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia benkeithi''
** Silky Short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia brevicauda''
** Chestnut S ...
***Genus: ''Carollia
''Carollia'' is a genus of bats often referred to as the short-tailed fruit bats. Along with the genus ''Rhinophylla'', ''Carollia'' makes up the subfamily Carolliinae of family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. Currently, nine species of ...
''
**** Silky short-tailed bat
The silky short-tailed bat (''Carollia brevicauda'') is a bat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Mexico and Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic ...
, ''Carollia brevicauda'' LR/lc
**** Chestnut short-tailed bat, ''Carollia castanea'' LR/lc
**** Seba's short-tailed bat
Seba's short-tailed bat (''Carollia perspicillata'') is a common and widespread bat species in the family Phyllostomidae. They are found in Central America, the northern parts of South America, and in the Antilles islands.
Description
''C. pe ...
, ''Carollia perspicillata'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
***Genus: '' Ametrida''
**** Little white-shouldered bat
The little white-shouldered bat (''Ametrida centurio'') is a species of bat from South and Central America. It is the only species within its genus, the name of which translates as "reaper" or "destroyer".
Description
The little white-shouldere ...
, ''Ametrida centurio'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Artibeus
The Neotropical fruit bats (''Artibeus'') are a genus of bats within the subfamily Stenodermatinae. The genus consists of 12 species, which are native to Central and South America, as well as parts of the Caribbean.
Description
These bats grow t ...
''
**** Aztec fruit-eating bat
The Aztec fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura azteca'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae.
Taxonomy and etymology
It was described as a new species in 1906 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. The holotype was collected by Edward Wil ...
, ''Artibeus aztecus'' LR/lc
**** Great fruit-eating bat
The great fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus lituratus'') is a bat species found from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and To ...
, ''Artibeus intermedius'' LR/lc
**** Jamaican fruit bat
The Jamaican, common or Mexican fruit bat (''Artibeus jamaicensis'') is a fruit-eating bat native to Mexico, through Central America to northwestern South America, as well as the Greater and many of the Lesser Antilles. It is also an uncommon re ...
, ''Artibeus jamaicensis'' LR/lc
**** Great fruit-eating bat
The great fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus lituratus'') is a bat species found from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and To ...
, ''Artibeus lituratus'' LR/lc
**** Pygmy fruit-eating bat, ''Artibeus phaeotis'' LR/lc
**** Toltec fruit-eating bat
The Toltec fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura tolteca'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also sometimes called the "lowland fruit eating bat."
Taxonomy
Three subspecies of the Toltec fruit-eating bat are recognized: ''A. t. t ...
, ''Artibeus toltecus'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Centurio''
**** Wrinkle-faced bat
The wrinkle-faced bat (''Centurio senex'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae and the only identified member of the genus ''Centurio''. This bat is found in various countries in and around Central America. It eats fruit but is not ...
, ''Centurio senex'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Chiroderma
''Chiroderma'' – big-eyed bats or white-lined bats – is a genus of leaf-nosed bat found in North America, Central America, and South America and the Lesser Antilles.
Species
The following species were recognized , and a total of seven specie ...
''
**** Salvin's big-eyed bat
Salvin's big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma salvini'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela
Venezuela (; ) ...
, ''Chiroderma salvini'' LR/lc
**** Little big-eyed bat
The little big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma trinitatum'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to ...
, ''Chiroderma trinitatum'' LR/lc
**** Hairy big-eyed bat
The hairy big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma villosum'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to t ...
, ''Chiroderma villosum'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Ectophylla''
**** Honduran white bat
The Honduran white bat (''Ectophylla alba''), also called the Caribbean white tent-making bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomatidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Ectophylla''. The genus and the species were both scientifi ...
, ''Ectophylla alba'' LR/nt
***Genus: '' Enchisthenes''
**** Velvety fruit-eating bat
The velvety fruit-eating bat (''Enchisthenes hartii''), also known as Hart's little fruit bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Enchisthenes''. It is found in Central America, Mexico, t ...
, ''Enchisthenes hartii'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Mesophylla''
**** MacConnell's bat
MacConnell's bat (''Mesophylla macconnelli''), is a bat species from South and Central America. It is the only species within the genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil or ...
, ''Mesophylla macconnelli'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Sturnira''
**** Little yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira lilium'' LR/lc
**** Highland yellow-shouldered bat
The highland yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira ludovici'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela.
Refer ...
, ''Sturnira ludovici'' LR/lc
**** Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira luisi'' LR/lc
**** Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat
The Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira mordax'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found only in Costa Rica and Panama, and there are no subspecies.
Description
The bat is relatively small, with adults measuring ...
, ''Sturnira mordax'' LR/nt
***Genus: ''Uroderma
''Uroderma'' is a genus of Central and South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern ...
''
**** Tent-making bat
The tent-making bat (''Uroderma bilobatum'') is an American leaf-nosed bat (Phyllostomidae) found in lowland forests of Central and South America. This medium-sized bat has a gray coat with a pale white stripe running down the middle of the back. ...
, ''Uroderma bilobatum'' LR/lc
**** Brown tent-making bat
The brown tent-making bat (''Uroderma magnirostrum'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States ...
, ''Uroderma magnirostrum'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Vampyressa
''Vampyressa'' is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. They are known commonly as the yellow-eared bats or yellow-eared vampire bats.Tavares, V., et al. (2014)Systematics of ''Vampyressa melissa'' Thomas, 1926 (Chi ...
''
**** Striped yellow-eared bat
''Vampyriscus nymphaea'' is a species of bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained fl ...
, ''Vampyressa nymphaea'' LR/lc
**** Southern little yellow-eared bat
The southern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa pusilla'') is a frugivorous bat species found in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairet ...
, ''Vampyressa pusilla'' LR/lc
***Genus: '' Vampyrodes''
**** Great stripe-faced bat, ''Vampyrodes caraccioli'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Platyrrhinus
''Platyrrhinus'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the tribe Stenodermatini of family Phyllostomidae. Twenty one species are known:
* Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus albericoi''
*Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostri ...
''
**** Thomas's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus dorsalis'' LR/lc
**** Heller's broad-nosed bat
Heller's broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus helleri'') is a bat species from South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States t ...
, ''Platyrrhinus helleri'' LR/lc
**** Shadowy broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus umbratus'' LR/nt
**** Greater broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus vittatus'' LR/lc
**Subfamily: Desmodontinae
***Genus: '' Desmodus''
**** Common vampire bat
The common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus'') is a small, leaf-nosed bat native to Latin America. It is one of three extant species of vampire bat, the other two being the hairy-legged and the white-winged vampire bats. The common vampire bat ...
, ''Desmodus rotundus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Diaemus
The white-winged vampire bat (''Diaemus youngi''), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus ''Diaemus''. They are found from Mexico to northern Argentina and are present on the islands of Trinidad and Margarita.
Etymology and ...
''
**** White-winged vampire bat, ''Diaemus youngi'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Diphylla
The hairy-legged vampire bat (''Diphylla ecaudata'') is one of three extant species of vampire bats. It mainly feeds on the blood of wild birds, but can also feed both on domestic birds and humans. This vampire bat lives mainly in tropical and su ...
''
**** Hairy-legged vampire bat
The hairy-legged vampire bat (''Diphylla ecaudata'') is one of three extant species of vampire bats. It mainly feeds on the blood of wild birds, but can also feed both on domestic birds and humans. This vampire bat lives mainly in tropical and ...
, ''Diphylla ecaudata'' LR/nt
*Family: Furipteridae
Furipteridae is family of bats, allying two genera of single species, '' Amorphochilus schnablii'' (smoky bat) and the type '' Furipterus horrens'' (thumbless bat). They are found in Central and South America and are closely related to the bats ...
**Genus: ''Furipterus
The thumbless bat (''Furipterus horrens'') is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Furipteridae, in the monotypic genus ''Furipterus''. They have a small thumb which is included in the membrane of the wing, causing the 'thumbless' appeara ...
''
*** Thumbless bat
The thumbless bat (''Furipterus horrens'') is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Furipteridae, in the monotypic genus ''Furipterus''. They have a small thumb which is included in the membrane of the wing, causing the 'thumbless' appeara ...
, ''Furipterus horrens'' LR/lc
*Family: Thyropteridae
Disk-winged bats are a small group of bats of the family Thyropteridae and genus Thyroptera. They are found in Central and South America, usually in moist tropical rain forests. It is a very small family, consisting of a single genus with five e ...
**Genus: '' Thyroptera''
*** Peters's disk-winged bat
Peters's disk-winged bat (''Thyroptera discifera'') is a bat species mainly found in South America, South and Central America. It belongs to the family Thyropteridae, a small group of disk-winged bats. They have a distinguishing feature of circul ...
, ''Thyroptera discifera'' LR/lc
*** Spix's disk-winged bat
Spix’s disk-winged bat (''Thyroptera tricolor''), is a species of bat in the family Thyropteridae. It is native to the Americas from Mexico to Brazil. The most prominent anatomical feature of this bat, which distinguishes it from other species ...
, ''Thyroptera tricolor'' LR/lc
Order: Cetacea (whales)
----
The order Cetacea includes whale
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and ...
s, dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the ...
s and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
*Suborder: Mysticeti
**Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
***Genus: ''Balaenoptera
''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two afore ...
''
**** Common minke whale
The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales.
It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Althoug ...
, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata''
**** Sei whale, ''Balaenoptera borealis''
**** Bryde's whale, ''Balaenoptera brydei''
**** Blue whale
The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...
, ''Balaenoptera musculus''
***Genus: ''Megaptera
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...
''
**** Humpback whale
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...
, ''Megaptera novaeangliae''
*Suborder: Odontoceti
**Superfamily: Platanistoidea
River dolphins are a polyphyletic group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water. They are an informal grouping of dolphins, which itself is a paraphyletic group within the infraorder Cetacea. Extant riv ...
***Family: Delphinidae
Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...
(marine dolphins)
****Genus: ''Delphinus
Delphinus (Pronounced or ) is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd c ...
''
***** Short-beaked common dolphin
The common dolphin (''Delphinus delphis'') is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million. Despite this fact and its vernacular name, the common dolphin is not thought of as the archetypal dolphin, with ...
, ''Delphinus delphis'' DD
****Genus: '' Feresa''
***** Pygmy killer whale
The pygmy killer whale (''Feresa attenuata'') is a poorly known and rarely seen oceanic dolphin. It is the only species in the genus ''Feresa''. It derives its common name from sharing some physical characteristics with the orca also known as t ...
, ''Feresa attenuata'' DD
****Genus: '' Globicephala''
***** Short-finned pilot whale
The short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus'') is one of the two species of cetaceans in the genus '' Globicephala'', which it shares with the long-finned pilot whale (''G. melas''). It is part of the oceanic dolphin family (Del ...
, ''Globicephala macrorhyncus'' DD
****Genus: '' Lagenodelphis''
***** Fraser's dolphin
Fraser's dolphin or the Sarawak dolphin (''Lagenodelphis hosei'') is a cetacean in the family Delphinidae found in deep waters in the Pacific Ocean and to a lesser extent in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.
Taxonomy
''Lagenodelphis hosei'' is spe ...
, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' DD
****Genus: ''Grampus
Grampus may refer to:
Animals
*''Grampus'', the genus and another name for Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus''
*A synonym of the genus ''Orcinus''
*Another name for ''Orcinus orca'', the killer whale or orca
*Another name for the hellbender, a sp ...
''
***** Risso's dolphin
Risso's dolphin (''Grampus griseus'') is a dolphin, the only species of the genus ''Grampus''. Some of the closest related species to these dolphins include: pilot whales (''Globicephala'' spp.), pygmy killer whales (''Feresa attenuata''), melon ...
, ''Grampus griseus'' DD
****Genus: ''Orcinus
''Orcinus'' is a genus of Delphinidae, the family of carnivorous marine mammals known as dolphins. It includes the largest delphinid species, ''Orcinus orca'', known as the orca or killer whale. Two extinct species are recognised, '' Orcinus pale ...
''
***** Killer whale
The orca or killer whale (''Orcinus orca'') is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Orcinus'' and is recognizable by its black-and-white ...
, ''Orcinus orca'' DD
****Genus: '' Peponocephala''
***** Melon-headed whale
The melon-headed whale (''Peponocephala electra''), also known less commonly as the electra dolphin, little killer whale, or many-toothed blackfish, is a toothed whale of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). The common name is derived fro ...
, ''Peponocephala electra'' DD
****Genus: ''Pseudorca
''Pseudorca'' is a genus of cetaceans with three members which include ''Pseudorca yokoyamai'', ''Pseudorca yuanliensis'' and ''Pseudorca crassidens
''Pseudorca'' is a genus of cetacea
Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals tha ...
''
***** False killer whale
The false killer whale (''Pseudorca crassidens'') is a species of oceanic dolphin that is the only extant representative of the genus '' Pseudorca''. It is found in oceans worldwide but mainly in tropical regions. It was first described in 184 ...
, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' DD
****Genus: ''Sotalia
The dolphin genus ''Sotalia'' is considered to have two member species with the classification of '' Sotalia guianensis'' as a distinct species from '' Sotalia fluviatilis'' in 2007. This was a result of recent morphometric analyses, as well as m ...
''
***** Guiana dolphin
The Guiana dolphin (''Sotalia guianensis''), also known as the estuarine dolphin or costero, is a dolphin found in the coastal waters to the north and east of South America, and east of Central America. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin fami ...
, ''Sotalia guianensis'' DD
****Genus: '' Stenella''
***** Pantropical spotted dolphin
The pantropical spotted dolphin (''Stenella attenuata'') is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse s ...
, ''Stenella attenuata'' DD
***** Clymene dolphin, ''Stenella clymene'' DD
***** Striped dolphin
The striped dolphin (''Stenella coeruleoalba'') is an extensively studied dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family, Delphinidae.
Taxonomy
The striped dolphin is one o ...
, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' DD
***** Atlantic spotted dolphin
The Atlantic spotted dolphin (''Stenella frontalis'') is a dolphin found in warm temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Older members of the species have a very distinctive spotted coloration all over their bodies.
Taxonomy
The Atl ...
, ''Stenella frontalis'' DD
***** Spinner dolphin
The spinner dolphin (''Stenella longirostris'') is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it rotates around its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a ...
, ''Stenella longirostris'' DD
****Genus: '' Steno''
***** Rough-toothed dolphin
The rough-toothed dolphin (''Steno bredanensis'') is a species of dolphin that can be found in deep warm and tropical waters around the world.
The species was first described by Georges Cuvier in 1823. The genus name ''Steno'', of which this spe ...
, ''Steno bredanensis'' DD
****Genus: '' Tursiops''
***** Common bottlenose dolphin
The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captiv ...
, ''Tursiops truncatus''
***Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
****Genus: ''Physeter
''Physeter'' is a genus of toothed whales. There is only one living species in this genus: the sperm whale (''Physeter macrocephalus''). Some extremely poorly known fossil species have also been assigned to the same genus including ''Physeter an ...
''
***** Sperm whale, ''Physeter catodon'' DD
***Family: Kogiidae (dwarf sperm whales)
****Genus: ''Kogia
''Kogia'' is a genus of toothed whales within the superfamily Physeteroidea comprising two extant and two extinct species from the Neogene
*Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps''
*Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima''
*†'' Kogia pusilla'', Italy, ...
''
***** Pygmy sperm whale
The pygmy sperm whale (''Kogia breviceps'') is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded speci ...
, ''Kogia breviceps'' DD
***** Dwarf sperm whale
The dwarf sperm whale (''Kogia sima'') is a sperm whale that inhabits temperate and tropical oceans worldwide, in particular continental shelves and slopes. It was first described by biologist Richard Owen in 1866, based on illustrations by n ...
, ''Kogia sima'' DD
**Superfamily Ziphioidea
***Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
****Genus: ''Mesoplodon
Mesoplodont whales are 16 species of toothed whale in the genus ''Mesoplodon'', making it the largest genus in the cetacean order. Two species were described as recently as 1991 (pygmy beaked whale) and 2002 (Perrin's beaked whale), and marine ...
''
***** Gervais' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon europaeus'' DD
***** Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon ginkgodens'' DD
***** Pygmy beaked whale
The pygmy beaked whale (''Mesoplodon peruvianus''), also known as the bandolero beaked whale, Peruvian beaked whale and lesser beaked whale, is the smallest of the mesoplodonts and one of the newest discoveries. There were at least two dozen sight ...
, ''Mesoplodon peruvianus'' DD
****Genus: '' Ziphius''
***** Cuvier's beaked whale
The Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whale, or ziphius (''Ziphius cavirostris'') is the most widely distributed of all beaked whales in the family Ziphiidae. It is smaller than most baleen whales yet large among beaked whales. Cuvier's beaked ...
, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' DD
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
----
There are over 260 species of carnivores, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
*Suborder: Feliformia
Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, Canifor ...
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
The Felinae are a subfamily of the family Felidae. This subfamily comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.
Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily: as ...
****Genus: '' Herpailurus''
***** Jaguarundi, ''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' LC
****Genus: ''Leopardus
''Leopardus'' is a genus comprising eight species of small cats native to the Americas. This genus is considered the oldest branch of a genetic lineage of small cats in the Americas whose common ancestor crossed the Bering land bridge from Asia ...
''
***** Ocelot, ''Leopardus pardalis'' LC
***** Oncilla
The oncilla (''Leopardus tigrinus''), also known as the northern tiger cat, little spotted cat, and tigrillo, is a small spotted cat ranging from Central America to central Brazil. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and the popul ...
, ''Leopardus tigrinus'' NT
***** Margay
The margay (''Leopardus wiedii'') is a small wild cat native to Central and South America. A solitary and nocturnal cat, it lives mainly in primary evergreen and deciduous forest.
Until the 1990s, margays were hunted illegally for the wildlif ...
, ''Leopardus wiedii'' LC
****Genus: '' Puma''
***** Cougar, ''Puma concolor'' LC
***Subfamily: Pantherinae
Pantherinae is a subfamily within the family Felidae
Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a felid (). The term "cat" ref ...
****Genus: '' Panthera''
***** Jaguar, ''Panthera onca'' NT
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: ''Canis
''Canis'' is a genus of the Caninae which includes multiple extant species, such as wolves, dogs, coyotes, and golden jackals. Species of this genus are distinguished by their moderate to large size, their massive, well-developed skulls and de ...
''
**** Coyote, ''Canis latrans'' LC
***Genus: ''Cerdocyon
The crab-eating fox (''Cerdocyon thous''), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, bushdog (not to be confused with the bush dog) or maikong, is an extant species of medium-sized canid endemic to the central part of South America since at least ...
''
**** Crab-eating fox
The crab-eating fox (''Cerdocyon thous''), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, bushdog (not to be confused with the bush dog) or maikong, is an extant species of medium-sized canid endemic to the central part of South America since at least ...
, ''Cerdocyon thous'' LC
***Genus: ''Speothos
''Speothos'' is a genus of canid found in Central and South America. The genus includes the living bush dog, '' Speothos venaticus'', and an extinct Pleistocene species, '' Speothos pacivorus''. Unusually, the fossil species was identified and ...
''
**** Bush dog
The bush dog (''Speothos venaticus'') is a canine found in Central and South America. In spite of its extensive range, it is very rare in most areas except in Suriname, Guyana and Peru; it was first identified by Peter Wilhelm Lund from fossi ...
, ''Speothos venaticus'' VU
***Genus: ''Urocyon
''Urocyon'' (Greek: "tailed dog") is a genus of Canidae which includes the gray fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'') and the island fox (''Urocyon littoralis''). These two fox species are found in the Western Hemisphere. Whole genome sequencing i ...
''
**** Gray fox
The gray fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America. This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (''Urocyon littor ...
, ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' LC
**Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
***Genus: ''Bassaricyon
The genus ''Bassaricyon'' consists of small Neotropical procyonids, popularly known as olingos (), cousins of the raccoon. They are native to the rainforests of Central and South America from Nicaragua to Peru. They are arboreal and nocturnal ...
''
**** Northern olingo, ''Bassaricyon gabbii'' LR/nt
**** Western lowland olingo, ''Bassaricyon medius'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Bassariscus
''Bassariscus'' is a genus in the family Procyonidae. There are two extant species in the genus: the ring-tailed cat or ringtail (''B. astutus'') and the cacomistle (''B. sumichrasti''). Genetic studies have indicated that the closest relatives of ...
''
**** Cacomistle
The cacomistle (; ''Bassariscus sumichrasti'') is a nocturnal, arboreal and omnivorous member of the carnivoran family Procyonidae. Its preferred habitats are wet, tropical, evergreen woodlands and mountain forests, though seasonally it wil ...
, ''Bassariscus sumichrasti'' LR/nt
***Genus: ''Nasua
''Nasua'' is a genus of coatis of the family Procyonidae. Two additional species of coatis, commonly known as mountain coatis, are placed in the genus ''Nasuella''.
Characteristics
''Nasua'' differs from ''Nasuella'' in being larger and h ...
''
**** White-nosed coati
The white-nosed coati (''Nasua narica''), also known as the coatimundi (), is a species of coati and a member of the family Procyonidae (raccoons and their relatives). Local Spanish names for the species include ''pizote'', ''antoon'', and ''te ...
, ''Nasua narica'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Potos
The kinkajou ( /ˈkɪŋkədʒuː/ ''KING-kə-joo''; ''Potos flavus'') is a tropical rainforest mammal of the family Procyonidae related to olingos, coatis, raccoons, and the ringtail and cacomistle. It is the only member of the genus ''Po ...
''
**** Kinkajou
The kinkajou ( /ˈkɪŋkədʒuː/ ''KING-kə-joo''; ''Potos flavus'') is a tropical rainforest mammal of the family Procyonidae related to olingos, coatis, raccoons, and the ringtail and cacomistle. It is the only member of the genus ''Potos'' ...
, ''Potos flavus'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Procyon
Procyon () is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.34. It has the Bayer designation α Canis Minoris, which is Latinized ...
''
**** Crab-eating raccoon, ''Procyon cancrivorus'' LR/lc
**** Common raccoon
The raccoon ( or , ''Procyon lotor''), sometimes called the common raccoon to distinguish it from other species, is a mammal native to North America. It is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of , and a body weight of . ...
, ''Procyon lotor'' LR/lc
**Family: Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (; from Latin ''mustela'', weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family in th ...
(mustelids)
***Genus: ''Eira
Eira is a neighborhood in Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
History
The district dates back to the early 20th century and received its name after Eira Hospital in the neighboring district of Ullanlinna, which in turn took its name from Eira ...
''
**** Tayra
The tayra (''Eira barbara'') is an omnivorous animal from the weasel family, native to the Americas. It is the only species in the genus ''Eira''.
Tayras are also known as the ''tolomuco'' or ''perico ligero'' in Central America, ''motete'' in ...
, ''Eira barbara'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Galictis
A grison , , also known as a South American wolverine, is any mustelid in the genus ''Galictis''. Native to Central and South America, the genus contains two extant species: the greater grison (''Galictis vittata''), which is found widely in So ...
''
**** Greater grison
The greater grison (''Galictis vittata'') is a species of mustelid native to Southern Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Description
The greater grison is a slender animal with short legs, a long neck, and a short, bushy tail. They are ...
, ''Galictis vittata'' LR/lc
***Genus: ''Lontra
''Lontra'' is a genus of otters from the Americas.
Species
These species were previously included in the genus ''Lutra'', together with the Eurasian otter
The Eurasian otter (''Lutra lutra''), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river ...
''
**** Neotropical river otter
The Neotropical otter or Neotropical river otter (''Lontra longicaudis'') is an otter species found in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the island of Trinidad. It is physically similar to the northern and southern river otter, which ...
, ''Lontra longicaudis'' NT
***Genus: ''Neogale
''Neogale'' is a genus of mustelid native to the Americas, ranging from Alaska south to Bolivia. Members of this genus are known as New World weasels.
Taxonomy
Members in this genus were formerly classified into the genera '' Mustela'' and '' ...
''
**** Long-tailed weasel
The long-tailed weasel (''Neogale frenata''), also known as the bridled weasel, masked ermine, or big stoat, is a species of mustelid distributed from southern Canada throughout all the United States and Mexico, southward through all of Central A ...
, ''Neogale frenata'' LR/lc
**Family: Mephitidae
Mephitidae is a family of mammals comprising the skunks and stink badgers. They are noted for the great development of their anal scent glands, which they use to deter predators. Skunks were formerly classified as a subfamily of the Mustelidae ...
***Genus: ''Conepatus
The hog-nosed skunks belong to the genus ''Conepatus'' and are members of the family (biology), family Mephitidae (skunks). They are native to the Americas. They have white backs and tails and black underparts.
Species
Extinct species
†''Co ...
''
**** Striped hog-nosed skunk
The striped hog-nosed skunk (''Conepatus semistriatus'') is a skunk species from Central and South America (from southern Mexico to northern Peru, and in the extreme east of Brazil). This species of skunk is considered a generalist species, bec ...
, ''Conepatus semistriatus'' LR/lc
*Suborder: Pinnipedia
Pinnipeds (pronounced ), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the wal ...
**Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
***Genus: '' Neomonachus''
**** Caribbean monk seal, ''Neomonachus tropicalis'' EX
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
----
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing
In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to roam around and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other ...
mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
*Family: Tapiridae
Tapirs ( ) are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk. Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America, with one species inhabi ...
(tapirs)
**Genus: ''Tapirus
''Tapirus'' is a genus of tapir which contains the three living American tapir species. The Malayan tapir is usually included in ''Tapirus'' as well, although some authorities have moved it into its own genus, '' Acrocodia''.
Extant species
Th ...
''
*** Baird's tapir, ''Tapirus bairdii'' EN
Order:
Artiodactyla
The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla , ) are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing poster ...
(even-toed ungulates)
----
The even-toed ungulates are ungulate
Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, ...
s whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls
Odd-toed ungulates, mammals which constitute the taxonomic order Perissodactyla (, ), are animals—ungulates—who have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three (rhinoceroses and tapirs, with tapirs still using four toes on the front legs) o ...
. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
*Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
**Genus: '' Dicotyles''
*** Collared peccary
The collared peccary (''Dicotyles tajacu'') is a species of artiodactyl (even-toed) mammal in the family Tayassuidae found in North, Central, and South America. It is the only member of the genus ''Dicotyles''. They are commonly referred to as ...
, ''Dicotyles tajacu'' LC
**Genus: ''Tayassu
The white-lipped peccary (''Tayassu pecari'') is a species of peccary found in Central and South America and the only member of the genus ''Tayassu''. Multiple subspecies have been identified. White-lipped peccaries are similar in appearance to ...
''
*** White-lipped peccary
The white-lipped peccary (''Tayassu pecari'') is a species of peccary found in Central and South America and the only member of the genus ''Tayassu''. Multiple subspecies have been identified. White-lipped peccaries are similar in appearance to ...
, ''Tayassu pecari'' VU
*Family: Cervidae
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reind ...
(deer)
**Subfamily: Capreolinae
The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemeta ...
***Genus: '' Mazama''
**** Central American red brocket
The Central American red brocket (''Mazama temama'') is a species of brocket deer ranging from southern Mexico, through Central America, to northwestern Colombia.
Taxonomy
In 1792 Robert Kerr originally described it as a unique separate spe ...
, ''Mazama temama'' DD
***Genus: ''Odocoileus
''Odocoileus'' is a genus of medium-sized deer (family Cervidae) containing three species native to the Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America, Nor ...
''
**** White-tailed deer
The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced t ...
, ''Odocoileus virginianus'' LR/lc
See also
* List of chordate orders * Lists of mammals by region *List of prehistoric mammals
This is an incomplete list of prehistoric mammals. It does not include extant mammals or recently extinct mammals. For extinct primate species, see: list of fossil primates.Mikko's Phylogeny Archiv
Mammaliaformes
'
*Genus †'' Adelobasileus ...
*Mammal classification
Mammalia is a class of animal within the phylum Chordata. Mammal classification has been through several iterations since Carl Linnaeus initially defined the class. No classification system is universally accepted; McKenna & Bell (1997) and Wilso ...
*List of mammals described in the 2000s
Although the mammals are well studied in comparison to other animal groups, a number of new species are still being discovered. This list includes Extant taxon, extant mammal species discovered, formally named, or brought to public light in the ye ...
Notes
References
* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mammals Of PanamaPanama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
Mammals
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur o ...
*
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
*