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Echimyinae
Echimyinae is a subfamily of rodents belonging to the spiny rats family Echimyidae. It contains 14 arboreal genera—all the members of the tribe Echimyini, plus ''Callistomys''—a few terrestrial genera (''Thrichomys'', ''Hoplomys'', and ''Proechimys''), and a subaquatic genus (''Myocastor''). Systematics The taxonomic content of Echimyinae has been reshaped over time, because of two realizations. The first is a better understanding of the evolution of morphological characters, leading to the recognition that key character states long used to group genera into higher units were demonstrably homoplastic. The second came from the a phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data. Phylogeny The subfamily Echimyinae groups most of the spiny rat family's generic diversity into two tribes: Echimyini and Myocastorini Myocastorini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2017, and containing the five extant genera '' Callistomys'', '' Hoplomys'', '' Myocastor'', ''Proechim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terrestrial to fossorial to semiaquatic habits. They presently exist mainly in South America; three members of the family also range into Central America, and the hutias are found in the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico in the Antilles, probably until the arrival of Europeans. Characteristics In general form, most spiny rats resemble rats, although they are more closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Most species have stiff, pointed hairs, or spines, that presumably serve for protection from predators. Many echimyids can break off their tails when attacked. This action may confuse predators long enough for the spiny rat to es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix
The toros or brush-tailed rats, genus ''Isothrix'', are a group of spiny rats found in tropical South America, particularly in the Amazon Basin.Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. Description Toros look like large rats with soft fur on the body and long guard hairs on the scaly tail.Emmons, L.H. 2005. A Revision of the Genera of Arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), With Descriptions of Two New Genera. pp. 247–310 in Lacey, E.A. & Myers, P. 2005. Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to Phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). University of California Publications in Zoology. Head and body is 18-27.5 cm and tail is 17–30 cm. Weight is 320-570 grams. Natural history These animals appear to be arboreal, based on the shape of their hind feet. They are thought to spend the day in holes in the ground near trees. Systematics The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santamartamys
The red-crested tree-rat or Santa Marta toro (''Santamartamys rufodorsalis'') is a species of tree-rat found in the monotypic genus ''Santamartamys'' in the family Echimyidae. It is nocturnal and is believed to feed on plant matter, and is mainly rufous, with young specimens having a grey coat. IUCN list the species as critically endangered: it is affected by feral cats, climate change, and the clearing of forest in its potential range in coastal Colombia. It is known only from three specimens, a specimen collected in 1898 in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and identified by Herbert Huntingdon Smith, a specimen identified by the American ornithologist and entomologist Melbourne Armstrong Carriker in 1913 at the same location, and a further specimen observed in the same location in 2011. Found at altitudes of 700 to 2,000 metres, the species is endemic to Colombia in an isolated area with high levels of biodiversity. The species was initially identified as ''Isothrix rufodorsalis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pattonomys
''Pattonomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Echimyidae, named after American mammalogist James L. Patton. It contains the following species: * Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (''Pattonomys occasius'') * Speckled spiny tree-rat (''Pattonomys semivillosus'') Phylogeny ''Pattonomys'' is the sister genus to ''Toromys''. These taxa are closely related to ''Echimys'', ''Phyllomys'', and ''Makalata'', reflecting the fact that ''Pattonomys occasius'' and ''Toromys grandis The giant tree-rat (''Toromys grandis'') is a species in the family Echimyidae, the spiny rats. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Toromys''. It is endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the flooded forest along the banks of the Amazo ...'' have formerly been placed in ''Makalata'' by some authorities. In turn, these five genera share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing the bamboo rats ''Dactylomys'', ''Olallamys'', ''Kannabateomys'' together with ''Diplomys'' and ''Santamartamys''. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyini
Echimyini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2016, and containing 13 extant genera: all of the tree rats ''Echimys'', ''Phyllomys'', '' Makalata'', ''Pattonomys'', '' Toromys'', ''Diplomys'', ''Santamartamys'', and ''Isothrix'', the long recognized dactylomines ''Dactylomys'', ''Olallamys'', and '' Kannabateomys'', and the enigmatic and previously classified as eumysopines '' Lonchothrix'' and ''Mesomys''. All these spiny rats genera are arboreal. Worth of note, the arboreal genus ''Callistomys'' – the painted-tree rat – does not belong to the tribe Echimyini. Because it is phylogenetically closer to ''Myocastor'', ''Hoplomys'', ''Proechimys'', and ''Thrichomys'' than to the above-mentioned Echimyini genera, it is classified in the tribe Myocastorini. Phylogeny Five assemblages can be distinguished in the genus-level cladogram of Echimyini: * ''Echimys'' is closely related to ''Phyllomys'', ''Makalata'', ''Pattonomys'' and ''Toromys''. This clade is in accordance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferreira's Spiny Tree-rat
Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (''Mesomys hispidus'') is a spiny rat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. The etymology of the species name corresponds to the Latin word ' meaning ''bristly''. Systematics The description of ''Mesomys hispidus'' was conducted on a specimen collected by the naturalist Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira during his travels in Amazonian Brazil, hence the species name. Initially deposited in the Museu Real d'Ajuda of Portugal, it has been brought to Paris in 1808 after the plundering of Lisbon by the armies of Napoleon. Then, in 1817, Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest described the species based on this specimen housed in the National Museum of Natural History (France) of Paris. Using ancient DNA technology, a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene has been sequenced from a small skin fragment of this holotype. DNA sequence comparisons then suggested that the specimen was originally obtained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllomys
''Phyllomys'' is a genus of arboreal spiny rat, geographically restricted to the forests of eastern Brazil. The etymology of the genus name derives from the two ancient greek words (), meaning "plant leaf", and (), meaning "mouse, rat". Phylogeny ''Phyllomys'' is the sister genus to ''Echimys'', and then to ''Makalata''. These taxa are closely related to the genera ''Pattonomys'' and ''Toromys''. In turn, these five genera share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing the bamboo rats ''Dactylomys'', ''Olallamys'', ''Kannabateomys'' together with ''Diplomys'' and ''Santamartamys''. Systematics There are thirteen named species in the genus. These species have frequently been placed in the genus ''Echimys''. *''Phyllomys blainvilii'' – golden Atlantic tree-rat *'' Phyllomys brasiliensis'' – orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat *'' Phyllomys dasythrix'' – drab Atlantic tree-rat *''Phyllomys kerri'' – Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat *''Phyllomys lamarum'' – pallid Atl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonchothrix
The tuft-tailed spiny tree rat (''Lonchothrix emiliae'') is a spiny rat species from Brazil south of the Amazon River, where it has been found in grassland and gallery forest. It is the only species in the genus ''Lonchothrix''. Very little is known about this rodent. It is small with an average adult weight of about 138 grams. It is nocturnal and solitary in habits. The genus and species were described by Oldfield Thomas in 1920. The genus name '' Lonchothrix'' derives from the two ancient greek words (), meaning "spear", and , (), meaning "hair". Phylogeny ''Lonchothrix'' is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of ''Lonchothrix'' is ''Mesomys'', reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same subfamily (Eumysopinae Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of Hystricognathi, hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olallamys
''Olallamys'' is a genus of Andean soft-furred spiny rat that range from Panama through Colombia and Venezuela to northern Ecuador. These species are typically found at elevations above . Systematics ''Olallamys'' is a taxonomic patronym honoring the Ecuadorian birds and mammals collector Carlos Olalla. The genus ''Olallamys'' contains two species: * '' Olallamys albicauda'' (White-tailed olalla rat) * ''Olallamys edax'' (Greedy olalla rat) Phylogeny ''Olallamys'' is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Arboreal locomotion is the Animal locomotion, locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. Th ... Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of ''Olallamys'' is ''Dactylomys'', and then ''Kannabateomys''. These South American bamboo rats share unique features and are grouped under the informal clade name of "Dactylomyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dactylomys
''Dactylomys'' is the genus of South American bamboo rats They are arboreal members of the family Echimyidae. Systematics The genus name ''Dactylomys'' derives from the two Ancient Greek words (), meaning "finger", and (), meaning "mouse, rat", and refers to the middle two digits especially elongated relative to lateral ones as observed in these rodents. The genus contains three species: * '' Dactylomys boliviensis'' (Bolivian bamboo rat) * '' Dactylomys dactylinus'' (Amazon bamboo rat) * '' Dactylomys peruanus'' (Montane bamboo rat) Phylogeny ''Dactylomys'' is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. The habitats pose nu ... Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of ''Dactylomys'' is ''Olallamys'', and then ''Kannabateomys''. These South American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomys
''Diplomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Echimyidae. They are found in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia and Panama. Systematics The genus contains the following species: * Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (''Diplomys caniceps'') * Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (''Diplomys labilis'') Phylogeny ''Diplomys'' is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Arboreal locomotion is the Animal locomotion, locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. Th ... Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of ''Diplomys'' is ''Santamartamys'', reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus. These two genera constitute the sister group of the "Dactylomyines", a clade of South American bamboo rats. All these taxa are closely related to the genera ''Echimys'', ''Phyllomys'', ''Makalata'', ''Pattonomys'', and ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
