This is a list of active

separatist Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

movements in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

. Separatism can include

autonomism Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendenci ...

and

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...

ism, despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country. What constitutes an autonomist or secessionist movement is often debatable; entries on this list must be recognized by credible sources as involved, separatist, and composed of citizens of the country from which independence is sought. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto''/proposed state and/or autonomous territory: a proposed term for a secessionist or anticipated

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a polity, political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defin ...

, or an area seeking greater autonomy. * Organizations that help:

advocacy Advocacy is an Action (philosophy), activity by an individual or advocacy group, group that aims to influence decision making, decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. Advocacy includes activities and publications to infl ...

cultural Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor ...

ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

, ethno-religious,

political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studi ...

regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

, and/or

religious Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

group(s) that play a significant role in the movement's separatism. * Government-in-exile: a government that is located outside of the country under consideration, with or without power. * Recognized individuals who hold key roles within the separatist movement or organization(s) Militant organization(s) are also classified for movements that establish a ''de facto'' state or occupy areas of territory are listed as well.

Afghanistan

Hazarajat Hazaristan ( fa, هزارستان, Hazāristān), or Hazarajat ( fa, هزاره‌جات, Hazārajāt) is a mostly mountainous region in the central highlands of Afghanistan, among the Koh-i-Baba mountains in the western extremities of the H ...

* Ethnic group:

Hazara people The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scat ...

** Proposed state:

** Political party: Flag of Hazarajat

Hazarajat Freedom Movement

Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastl ...

* Ethnic group:

Baloch Baloch, also spelled Baloch, Beluch and in other ways, may refer to: * Baloch people, an ethnic group of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan * Baluch, a small itinerant community of Afghanistan * Balouch, Azad Kashmir, a town in Pakistan * Baloch (s ...

** Proposed state:

along with Sistan and Baluchestan of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

and Balochistan of Pakistan. ** Political party:

Baloch National Movement The Baloch National Movement is a Baloch nationalist political organization which was led by Ghulam Mohammed Baloch, who served as the organizations's president before his murder in April 2009. History In 1987, the educated Baloch youth created ...

, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...

) ** Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front,

Baloch Republican Army The Baloch Republican Army (BRA) ( ur, بلوچ ریپبلکن آرمی) was an armed militant group in Balochistan, Pakistan. It was believed to be militant wing of Baloch Republican Party. In September 2010, the Government of Pakistan banned t ...

United Baloch Army United Baloch Army (UBA; ) was a militant group, fighting for the separation of Balochistan. The group has been designated as a terrorist organisation by the Pakistani government. The government of Pakistan banned the group on 15 March 2013. The g ...

South Turkestan * Ethnic group: Uyghurs,

Tajiks Tajiks ( fa, تاجيک، تاجک, ''Tājīk, Tājek''; tg, Тоҷик) are a Persian language, Persian-speaking Iranian peoples, Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Tajiks ...

Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asia, Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to ...

and

Turkic people The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose memb ...

. ** Proposed state:

Southern Turkestan Afghan Turkestan, also known as Southern Turkestan,; tk, گوناورتا ترکستان, Günorta Türkistan, italics=no; uz, جنوبی ترکستان, Janubiy Turkiston is a region in northern Afghanistan, on the border with the former Sovi ...

** Militant organisations: Turkestan Freedom Tigers

Azerbaijan

Territory of the former

Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its cap ...

* People:

Armenians in Azerbaijan Armenians in Azerbaijan are the Armenians who lived in great numbers in the modern state of Azerbaijan and its precursor, Soviet Azerbaijan. According to the statistics, about 500,000 Armenians lived in Soviet Azerbaijan prior to the outbreak o ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognised by 3 non-UN members) *** Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based on

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a '' jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It st ...

principle *** Political organisation:

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...

*** Military organisation:

Artsakh Defense Army The Artsakh Defence Army ( hy, Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak) is the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh). Est ...

Territory of the short-lived Flag of Talysh

Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic Talysh-Mughan, officially known as the Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic ( Talysh: Толъш-Мъғонә Мохтарә Республикә, ''Tolış-Mığonə Muxtara Respublika''), was a short-lived autonomous republic in Azerbaijan that l ...

* People:

Talysh people The Talysh people ( tly, Tolışon, script=Latn تالشان; az, Talışlar; fa, تالشان) are an Iranian ethnic group indigenous to a region shared between Azerbaijan and Iran which spans the South Caucasus and the southwestern shor ...

** Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan *** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement *** Government in exile: Flag of Talysh

Lezgistan * Ethnic group:

Lezgins Lezgins or Leks ( lez, Лезгияр, Лекьер. lezgijar) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern Dagestan, a republic of Russia, and northeastern Azerbaijan. The Lezgin are predominantly Sunni Muslims and ...

** Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan ** Political organisation: Lezgin flag sadval

Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

Bangladesh

Flag of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Shanti Bahini

Chittagong Hill Tracts The Chittagong Hill Tracts ( bn, পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, Parbotto Chottogram), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, are group of districts within the Chittagong Division in southeast ...

* Ethnic group:

Jumma people The Jumma people ( bn, জুম্ম জনগোষ্ঠী) is a term usually referred to the minority tribal group of people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh, who claim a separate state called Jumma Land. They include the ...

** Proposed: Autonomy for the

** Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front

China

Many current separatist movements in China arise from the country's ethnic issues. Some of the forces that have created these ethnic issues include

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

, economic and political disparity,

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural ...

, and other factors. China has historically had tensions between the majority

Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...

and other ethnic groups, particularly in rural and border regions. Historically other ruling ethnicities, such as the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Q ...

of the early-

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

, experienced ethnic issues as well. Ethnic tensions have led to incidents in the country such as the

July 2009 Ürümqi riots The July 2009 Ürümqi riots were a series of violent riots over several days that broke out on 5 July 2009 in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), in northwestern China. The first day's rioting, which ...

. Minor Movements * Flag of the Basuria independence movement

Bashu nationalism Bashu can refer to: * Bashu, the Little Stranger * Bashu or Ba–Shu, a region associated with modern-day Chongqing and Sichuan, named due to the ancient Chinese state of Ba and the Kingdom of Shu during the Shang and Zhou dynasties ** Ba–Sh ...

or Basuria independence movement * Great Cantonia Flag

Cantonese nationalism or Cantonia independence movement * Proposed National Flag of Shanghai

Shanghainese nationalism, Shanghai independence movement or Nguyuit Republic independence movement * Flag of Manchuria

Manchuriain Nationalism * 中華伊斯蘭共和國國旗

Hui pan-nationalism or

Ningxia Ningxia (,; , ; alternately romanized as Ninghsia), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in ...

Proposed Greater Autonomy

Cyprus

The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus * People:

Turkish Cypriots Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks ( tr, Kıbrıs Türkleri or ''Kıbrıslı Türkler''; el, Τουρκοκύπριοι, Tourkokýprioi) are ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus. Following the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, about 30,0 ...

** ''De facto'' state: (recognized only by

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

) *** Proposed: re-unification with , or recognition of Northern Cyprus *** Political organization:

Government of Northern Cyprus A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government ...

*** Militant organization:

Security Forces Command The Security Forces Command ( tr, Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı) is the military and security force of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is a 15,000 strong force primarily made up of conscripted Turkish Cypriot male ...

Georgia

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which v ...

* People: Abkhazians ** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 6 UN members) *** Political organization: Government of Abkhazia *** Militant organization:

Abkhazian Armed Forces The Abkhazian Armed Forces (; ) are the military forces of Abkhazia. The forces were officially created on 12 October 1992, after the outbreak of the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. The basis of the armed forces was formed by the ethnic Abkhaz Na ...

Territory of the former

South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (russian: Юго-Осетинская автономная область, ka, სამხრეთ ოსეთის ავტონომიური ოლქი, os, Хуссар Ирыстоны ав� ...

* People:

Ossetians The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label= Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across th ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members) *** Political organization: Government of South Ossetia *** Militant organization: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Javakheti Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk ( hy, Ջավախք, ''Javakhk'') is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Tu ...

* Ethnic group:

Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia. The southern part of the region (Javakheti) borders Armenia to the south. Here, ethnic Armenians ...

** Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) ** Political party:

United Javakhk Democratic Alliance The United Javakhk Democratic Alliance ( hy, Միացյալ Ջավախք ժողովրդավարական դաշինք, translit=Miats’yal Javakhk’ Zhoghovrdavarakan dashink’) is a non-government organization composed of ethnic Armenians livin ...

India

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic group:

Assamese Assamese may refer to: * Assamese people, a socio-ethnolinguistic identity of north-eastern India * People of Assam, multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious people of Assam * Assamese language, one of the easternmost Indo-Aryan language ...

** Militant organizations: Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom

United Liberation Front of Asom The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) (Assamese: সংযুক্ত মুক্তি বাহিনী, অসম) is an armed separatist organisation operating in the Northeast Indian state of Assam. It seeks to establish an ind ...

Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA) is an Islamist extremist organization founded around 1996 in the eastern Indian state of Assam by mostly -origin Muslims and indigenous Muslims in Assam. The South Asia Terrorism Portal (satp.org) ...

Nagaland Nagaland () is a landlocked States and union territories of India, state in the northeast India, northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the ...

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nagalim Nagaland () is a landlocked state in the northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the Sagaing Region of Myanmar to the east. Its capital cit ...

** Ethnic group:

Naga people Nagas are various ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian states of Nagaland and Manipur and Naga Self-Administered ...

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

National Socialist Council of Nagaland The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Naga nationalist separatist group operating mainly in Northeast India, with minor activities in northwest Myanmar (Burma). The main aim of the organisation is to establish a sovereign Naga ...

Kashmir * Proposed: secession of Jammu and Kashmir from

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

or unification with

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

** Ethnic group:

Kashmiri Muslims Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley in Indian-administered Kashmir. Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has b ...

** Political organization:

All Parties Hurriyat Conference All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) is an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations formed on 9 March 1993, as a united political front to raise the cause of Kashmiri separatism in the Kashmir conflict. Mehmood Ahmed Sagh ...

** Militant organizations: Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba

Lashkar-e-Taiba Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT; ur, ; literally ''Army of the Good'', translated as ''Army of the Righteous'', or ''Army of the Pure'' and alternatively spelled as ''Lashkar-e-Tayyiba'', ''Lashkar-e-Toiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Taiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Tayyeba'') ...

Hizbul Mujahideen Hizbul Mujahideen, also spelled Hizb-ul-Mujahideen ( ar, حزب المجاھدین, ), is an Islamism, Islamist militant organization operating in the Kashmir region. Its goal is to separate Kashmir Valley, Kashmir from India and merge it with ...

Jaish-e-Mohammed Jaish-e-Mohammed ( ur, , literally "The Army of Muhammad", abbreviated as JeM) is a Pakistan-based: "The JEM is a Pakistan-based, militant Islamic group founded by Maulana Masood Azhar in March 2000." Deobandi: "Deobandis like Masood Azhar ...

Kamtapur * Proposed state: Kamtapur ** Ethnic group:

Rajbanshi people The Rajbanshi, also Rajbongshi and Koch-Rajbongshi, are peoples from Lower Assam, North Bengal, eastern Bihar, Terai region of eastern Nepal, and Bhutan who have in the past sought an association with the Koch dynasty. Today, they speak ...

** Militant organization: Flag of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Kamtapur Liberation Organisation The Kamtapur Liberation Organisation ( KLO) is a militant organisation based in Northeast India whose objective is to Separate the Kamtapur nation from West Bengal and Assam. The proposed state is to comprise six districts in West Bengal and fo ...

Manipur Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a States and territories of India, state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It ...

* Proposed state: Flag of Kangleipak

Kangleipak Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of M ...

** Ethnic groups: Meitei, Pangal,

Naga Naga or NAGA may refer to: Mythology * Nāga, a serpentine deity or race in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions * Naga Kingdom, in the epic ''Mahabharata'' * Phaya Naga, mythical creatures believed to live in the Laotian stretch of the Mekong Riv ...

** Militant organizations: Bandera UNLF

United National Liberation Front The United National Liberation Front (UNLF), also known as the United National Liberation Front of Manipur, is a Separatism, separatist insurgent group active in the state of Manipur in Northeast India which aims at establishing a sovereignty, s ...

People's Liberation Army of Manipur The People's Liberation Army of Manipur, often shortened to just People's Liberation Army (PLA-MP or PLAM), founded by N. Bisheshwar Singh on 25 September 1978, is a separatist armed terrorist group fighting for a separate independent socialist ...

Kangleipak Communist Party Kangleipak Communist Party is a Maoist militant group in Manipur, India. Named after Kangleipak, the ancient name of Manipur, it was initially led by the communist ideologues — Ibohanbi and Ibopishak. The Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) had b ...

People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak The People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) is an armed insurgent group in Manipur demanding a separate and independent homeland. PREPAK was formed under the leadership of R. K. Tulachandra in 1977. History PREPAK was formed, in a ...

Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (or Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup) is a Meitei separatist group in the state of Manipur in India formed in January 1994 by the unification of splinter groups like Ibopishak faction of the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) along w ...

Maoist Communist Party of Manipur The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur is a Maoist political party in Manipur which aims "to establish a communist society through armed revolutionary war." The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur also intends at liberating the people of Manipur ...

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising ...

* Proposed state:

Khalistan The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a sovereign state, called Khālistān (' Land of the Khalsa'), in the Punjab region. The proposed state would consist of land that cur ...

** Ethnic group: Punjabi

Sikhs Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...

** Militant organizations: Babbar Khalsa, Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan,

Khalistan Commando Force The Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) is a militant Khalistani organisation operating in the state of Punjab with prominent members based in Canada, the United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a Sikh independent state of Khal ...

Khalistan Liberation Force Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) is a militant group, and is a part of the Khalistan Movement and its goal to create a Sikh homeland called Khalistan via armed struggle. The KLF appears to have been a loose association of Khalistani militant gr ...

, Khalistan Zindabad Force, ISYF, AISSF, International Sikh Youth Federation

Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: (a) the United Khasi Hills and Jai ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic group:

Khasi people The Khasi people are an ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam, and in certain parts of Bangladesh. Khasi people form the majority of the population of the eastern part ...

Pnar people The Pnar, also known as Jaiñtia, are a sub-tribal group of the Khasi people in Meghalaya, India. The Pnar people are matrilineal. They speak the Pnar Language, which belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family and is very similar to the Khas ...

** Militant organization:

Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council The Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (abbreviated HNLC) is a militant organization operating in Meghalaya, India. It claims to represent the Khasi- Jaintia tribal people, and its aim is to free Meghalaya from the alleged domination of out ...

Seng Khasi Movement The Seng Khasi movement, also known as the Khasi Students' Union, is a social and political movement that originated in the Khasi Hills region of the Indian state of Meghalaya. The movement was founded in the 1899 by a group of Khasi who were conc ...

Tripura Tripura (, Bengali: ) is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 36.71 lakh ( 3.67 million). It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the eas ...

*Proposed state: Flag of Tripura

Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura

**Ethnic group: Tripuris **Militant Organisation:

National Liberation Front of Tripura The National Liberation Front of Tripura (Abbreviation, abbreviated NLFT) is a Tripuri nationalism, Tripuri nationalist militant organisation based in Tripura, India. It has an estimated 550 to 850 members. The NLFT seeks to secede from India ...

(NLFT) **Advocacy group:

Tipraland State Party Tipraland State Party (TSP) was a regional political party in Tripura, India. TSP beliefs relate to Tripuri nationalism, social reformation, and revolution for the Tripuri nation. The main demand of the party is to elevate Tripura Tribal Areas ...

Mizoram Mizoram () is a state in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and capital city. The name of the state is derived from "Mizo", the self-described name of the native inhabitants, and "Ram", which in the Mizo language means "lan ...

*Proposed state: Bandera de Mizoram

*Ethnic group:

Mizo Mizo may refer to: *Mizo people, an ethnic group native to north-eastern India, western Myanmar (Burma) and eastern Bangladesh *Mizo language, a language spoken by the Mizo people *Mizoram, a state in Northeast India *Lusei people, an ethnic group ...

**Political Party:

Mizo National Front The Mizo National Front ( MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Indian central government towards the famin ...

(MNF) Zoram People's Movement , Hmar People's Convention

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil languag ...

*Ethnic group:

Tamils The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( ta, தமிழர், Tamiḻar, translit-std=ISO, in the singular or ta, தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, translit-std=ISO, label=none, in the plural), or simply Tamils (), are a Dravi ...

Dravidians The Dravidian peoples, or Dravidians, are an ethnolinguistic and cultural group living in South Asia who predominantly speak any of the Dravidian languages. There are around 250 million native speakers of Dravidian languages. Dravidian sp ...

Tegulus Saint Tegulus ( it, San Tegulo, Tegolo) is venerated as a member of the legendary Theban Legion, whose members were led by Saint Maurice in the 3rd century. The center of Tegulus' cult is at Ivrea. Veneration for Saint Tegulus actually arose at ...

**Proposed State:

**Advocacy Group:

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (; DMK) is a political party based in the state of Tamil Nadu where it is currently the ruling party having a comfortable majority without coalition support and the union territory of Puducherry where it is curre ...

(DMK) Kukiland * Proposed state: Zale'n-gam ** Ethnic group: Flag of Bnei Menashe

Bnei Menashe The Bnei Menashe ( he, בני מנשה, "Children of Menasseh", known as the Shinlung in India) is a community of people from various Tibeto-Burmese ethnic groups from the border of India and Burma who claim descent from one of the Lost Tribe ...

** Militant organisation: Kuki National Army ** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation Santhal Pargana * Proposed state: Santals (India) Flag

Santhal state ** Ethnic Group:

Santhals The Santal or Santhal are an Austroasiatic speaking Munda ethnic group in South Asia. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal state of India in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar and A ...

** Militant organisation: Birsa Commando Force - BCF Rabha hasong * State or extended autonomous area: Flag of Rabhaland

Rabha Hasong ** Ethnic group:

Rabha people The Rabha are a Tibeto-Burman community to the Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya and West Bengal. They primarily inhabit the plains of Lower Assam and the Dooars, while some are found in the Garo Hills. Most of the Rabhas of Dooars refer to thems ...

** Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA), Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)

Gorkhaland The Gorkhaland Territorial Administration is a semi-autonomous council for the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal state in India. The GTA was formed in 2012 to replace the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, which was formed in 1 ...

* Ethnic group:

Indian Gorkha Indian Gorkhas also known as Nepali Indians, are Nepali language-speaking Indians. The modern term "Indian Gorkha" is used to differentiate the ethnic Gorkhas from Nepalis. Indian Gorkhas are citizens of India as per the gazette notification ...

** Proposal: creation of a separate state

within

or outright independence from India often including Nepali Unification. ** Political movement: GreenWhiteYellowFlag

Gorkhaland movement ** Political parties: Flag of Gurkhaland

Gorkha National Liberation Front Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) is a political party in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India. It was formed in 1980 by Subhash Ghisingh with the objective of demanding a Gorkhaland state within India. Early history Part of th ...

Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League ( ABGL) (also called All India Gorkha League (AIGL/IGL)) is a political party working amongst the Nepali language, Nepali-speaking Indian Gorkha, Gorkha population in Darjeeling District and Kalimpong District of We ...

Gorkha Janmukti Morcha The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) is a registered unrecognized political party, that campaigns for the creation of a separate state Gorkhaland within India, out of districts in the north of West Bengal. The party was launched on 7 October 2007. T ...

Dimasaland * Ethnic group: Flag of Kruishoutem

Dimasa People The Dimasa people () are an ethnolinguistic community presently inhabiting in Assam and Nagaland states in Northeastern India. They speak Dimasa, a Tibeto-Burman language. This community is fairly homogeneous and exclusive, with members requ ...

** Proposed: Dimasaland ** Millitant Organisation:Dimasa National Liberation Army (DNLA)

Tiwa Tiwa and Tigua may refer to: * Tiwa Puebloans, an ethnic group of New Mexico, US * Tiwa (Lalung), an ethnic group of north-eastern India * Tiwa language (India), a Sino-Tibetan language of India * Tiwa languages, a group of Tanoan languages of the ...

* Ethnic group: Flag red white yellow 5x3

Tiwa People ** Proposed: Tiwa State ** Militant Organizations:Tiwa Liberation Army (TLA)

Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South C ...

* Proposed: separating the

Malabar district Malabar District, also known as Malayalam District, was an administrative district on the southwestern Malabar Coast of Bombay Presidency (1792-1800) and Madras Presidency (1800-1947) in British India, and independent India's Madras State (19 ...

of Kerala into a state of

** Ethnic group:

Mappila Muslims Mappila Muslim, often shortened to Mappila, formerly anglicized as Moplah/Mopla and historically known as Jonaka/Chonaka Mappila or Moors Mopulars/Mouros da Terra and Mouros Malabares, in general, is a member of the Muslim community of same n ...

** Political organisations:

Samastha Kerala Sunni Students Federation,

Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK group) Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama,–present, is the principal Sunni-Shafi'i scholarly body in Kerala. The council administers Shafi'ite mosques, institutes of higher religious learning (the equivalent of north Indian madrasas) and madrasas (inst ...

Garo Hills The Garo Hills (Pron: ˈgɑ:rəʊ) are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India. They are inhabited by the Garo people. It is one of the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion. ...

* Ethnic group:

Garo people The Garo is a Tibeto-Burman ethnic tribal group from the Indian subcontinent, living mostly in the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, and Nagaland, and in neighbouring areas of Bangladesh, including Madhupur, Mymensingh, Haluaghat, ...

** Proposed: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into a state of

or outright independence ** Political party:

Garo National Council The Garo National Council is a political party in Meghalaya in northeastern India which campaigns for the creation a new Indian state to be called Garoland, for the people of the Garo Hills The Garo Hills (Pron: ˈgɑ:rəʊ) are part of the ...

Bundelkhand Bundelkhand (, ) is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central & North India. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion lying ...

* Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi ** Proposed: making the region of

into a state of

** Political party:

Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha ( hi, बुन्देलखंड मुक्ति मोर्चा, Bundelkhand Liberation Front), is a political party in India. The film star Raja Bundela is the president of the party. The party struggles for t ...

Indonesia

Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s ...

* Ethnic groups: Acehnese ** Proposed state: Flag of Free Aceh Movement

** Militant organisation:

Free Aceh Movement The Free Aceh Movement ( id, Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM; ace, Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka / Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka) was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia. GAM fought against Indonesian government ...

(negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)

Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca. The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest, West Sumatra to the west, and Jambi to the south. Accord ...

* Ethnic group: Riau Malays ** Proposed state: Flag of Riau Independists

, Unification With ** Advocacy group: Gerakan Riau Merdeka

Minahasa Peninsula The Minahasa Peninsula, also spelled Minahassa, is one of the four principal peninsulas on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It stretches north from the central part of the island, before turning to the east and forming the northern boundary of t ...

* Ethnic group:

Minahasan The Minahasans (alternative spelling: Minahassa) are an ethnic group native to the North Sulawesi province of Indonesia, formerly known as North Celebes. The Minahasa people sometimes refer to themselves as Manado people. Although the Minahasan p ...

** Proposed state: Flag of the Minahasan People

North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Socc ...

** Advocacy group: Independent Minahasa Movement (Gerakan Minahasa Merdeka),Greater Minahasa Alliance

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...

* Ethnic group: Balinese ** Proposed autonomous area or state: Historical Flag of Bali

** Advocacy group: Bali government, ForBALI

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

* Ethnic group: Javanese ** Proposed state: Flag of Yogyakarta

, Sultanate Of Yogyakarta

Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo. In 2019, ...

* Ethnic group: Dayak, Malay, Banjar,

Ida'an The Ida'an (Idahan or Eraan or Sabahan) people are an ethnic group of Borneo, residing primarily in the Lahad Datu districts on the east coast of Sabah, Malaysia. Their current population is estimated to be around 6,000 (1987 estimate), but it ...

Bajau The Sama-Bajau include several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the Sama or Samah (formally A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or are known by the exonym ...

, Suluk,

Orang Ulu Orang Ulu ("people of the interior" in Malay) is an ethnic designation politically coined to group together roughly 27 very small but ethnically diverse tribal groups in northeastern Sarawak, Malaysia with populations ranging from less than 300 ...

and

Kadazan-Dusun Kadazan-Dusun (also written as Kadazandusun or Mamasok Kadazan-Dusun) also less-known as "Mamasok Sabah" are two indigenous peoples of Sabah, Malaysia—the ethnic groups Kadazan and Dusun. The Kadazandusun is the largest native group of ...

. * Proposed state or Autonomous area : Flag of Kalimantan Borneo

Or Unification With * Advocacy Group: Pakat Dayak

Iran

Khūzestān Province Khuzestan Province (also spelled Xuzestan; fa, استان خوزستان ''Ostān-e Xūzestān'') is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahvaz and it covers ...

* Ethnic group:

Khuzestani Arab Iranian Arabs ( ar, عرب إيران ''ʿArab Īrān''; fa, عرب‌های ايران ''Arabhāye Irān'') are the Arab inhabitants of Iran who speak Arabic as their native language. In 2008, Iranian Arabs comprised about 1.6 million people, ...

** Proposed state:

Al-Ahwaz Ahvaz ( fa, اهواز, Ahvâz ) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is home ...

** Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz ** Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the

)

Iranian Kurdistan Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan ( ku, ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان, translit=Rojhilatê Kurdistanê) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds. Geographically, it ...

* Ethnic groups: Kurdish ** Proposed state: Commonwealth of East Kurdistan Flag of Kurdistan

** Political parties:

Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; ku, حیزبی دێموکراتی کوردستانی ئێران, Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; fa, حزب دموکرات کردستان ایران, Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordest� ...

(member of the

) ** Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan, Komalah

Iranian Azerbaijan Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan ( fa, آذربایجان, ''Āzarbāijān'' ; az-Arab, آذربایجان, ''Āzerbāyjān'' ), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan ...

*Ethnic groups:

Azerbaijani Azerbaijani may refer to: * Something of, or related to Azerbaijan * Azerbaijanis * Azerbaijani language See also * Azerbaijan (disambiguation) * Azeri (disambiguation) * Azerbaijani cuisine * Culture of Azerbaijan The culture of Azerbaijan ...

** Proposed state: South Azerbaijan **Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement, Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization

* Ethnic group:

** Proposed state:

along with

Balochistan, Pakistan Balochistan (; bal, بلۏچستان; ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southwestern region of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the least populated one. It shares land ...

And

majority territories in

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...

** Militant organisations: Jundallah (Historical), Jaish ul-Adl (Currently Active)

Iraq

Proposed state: * Majority ethnic group: Kurdish * Current de jure and de facto autonomous region:

Iraqi Kurdistan Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan ( ku, باشووری کوردستان, Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of "Kurdistan" in Western Asia, which also inc ...

** Political parties:

Kurdistan Independence Movement Kurdish nationalism (, ) is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoma ...

Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq The Kurdistan Democratic Party ( ku, Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê; پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the largest party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Gov ...

, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the

) ** Military:

Peshmerga The Peshmerga ( ku, پێشمەرگه, Pêşmerge, lit=those who face death) is the Kurdish military forces of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, the Peshmerga, along with their security subsidiarie ...

Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains * Ethnic group:

Assyrian Assyrian may refer to: * Assyrian people, the indigenous ethnic group of Mesopotamia. * Assyria, a major Mesopotamian kingdom and empire. ** Early Assyrian Period ** Old Assyrian Period ** Middle Assyrian Empire ** Neo-Assyrian Empire * Assyrian ...

Arab Christians Arab Christians ( ar, ﺍَﻟْﻤَﺴِﻴﺤِﻴُّﻮﻥ ﺍﻟْﻌَﺮَﺏ, translit=al-Masīḥīyyūn al-ʿArab) are ethnic Arabs, Arab nationals, or Arabic-speakers who adhere to Christianity. The number of Arab Christians wh ...

** Proposed state: ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the

Assyria Liberation Party The Assyria Liberation Party or Gabo D'Furqono D'Othur (GFA, in Syriac: ܓܒܐ ܕܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ) was founded in 1995, and since 1997 the party has published the magazine ''Furqono'' (''Liberation'',ܦܘܪܩܢܐ). The party is fou ...

** Militant organisation:

Nineveh Plain Protection Units The Nineveh Plain Protection Units ( syc, ܚܕܝ̈ܘܬ ܣܬܪܐ ܕܫܛܚܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ; ar, وحدات حماية سهل نينوى) or NPU is an Assyrian military organization that was formed in late 2014, largely but not exclusively by Ass ...

** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference,

Assyria Council of Europe Assyria Council of Europe is a lobbying organization based in Brussels, that lobbies the European Union and other European countries on behalf of the Assyrian people worldwide. References External linksAssyria Council of Europe Condemns Iraq ...

* Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region ** Ethnic groups:

Assyrians Assyrian may refer to: * Assyrian people, the indigenous ethnic group of Mesopotamia. * Assyria, a major Mesopotamian kingdom and empire. ** Early Assyrian Period ** Old Assyrian Period ** Middle Assyrian Empire ** Neo-Assyrian Empire * Assyrian ...

, Turkmen,

Yazidis Yazidis or Yezidis (; ku, ئێزیدی, translit=Êzidî) are a Kurmanji-speaking endogamous minority group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the wester ...

*** Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization Proposed state:

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is han ...

*Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Flag of Basra Governorate

Basra Governorate Basra Governorate ( ar, محافظة البصرة ), also called Basra Province, is a governorate in southern Iraq, bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east. The capital is the city of Basra, located in the Basrah district. Other distr ...

**Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the other provinces of Dhi Qar and

Maysan , image_map = Maysan in Iraq.svg , mapsize = 200px , settlement_type = Governorate , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_t ...

as an autonomous region or total independence Proposed state: Sunnistan * Advocacy group:

Sunni Muslims Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word ''Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

, Ethnic Kurdis * Proposal: high degree of autonomy within Iraq or total independence

Turkmeneli Turkmeneli, also known as Turkmenland, and historically as Turcomania, ( tr, Türkmeneli, lit=Land of the Turkmens) is a political term used to define the vast swath of territory in which the Iraqi Turkmens historically have had a dominant popula ...

* Ethnic group:

Iraqi Turkmen The Iraqi Turkmens (also spelled as Turkoman and Turcoman; tr, Irak Türkmenleri), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, Turkish-Iraqis, the Turkish minority in Iraq, and the Iraqi-Turkish minority ( ar, تركمان العراق; tr, Irak Türkleri ...

** Proposed state:

** Political party:

Iraqi Turkmen Front The Iraqi Turkmen Front ( ar, الجبهة التركمانية العراقية, ''al-Jabha al-Turkmāniya al-Irāqiya;'' tr, Irak Türkmen Cephesi), also abbreviated as ITF, is a political movement representing the Iraqi Turkmen people. It wa ...

(member of the

)

Sinjar District The Sinjar District or the Shingal District (, ku, قەزای شنگال ,Qeza Şingal) is a district of the Nineveh Governorate. The district seat is the town of Sinjar. The district has two subdistricts, al-Shemal and al-Qayrawan. The district ...

* Ethnic group:

Yazidi Yazidis or Yezidis (; ku, ئێزیدی, translit=Êzidî) are a Kurmanji-speaking endogamous minority group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The ma ...

** Proposed: autonomy for

Sinjar Sinjar ( ar, سنجار, Sinjār; ku, شنگال, translit=Şingal, syr, ܫܝܓܪ, Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its ...

region including Sinjar mountain ** Political parties:

Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress The Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress (, ) is a Yazidi political party in Iraq. The party represents Yazidis in the Nineveh Governorate. It has retained one seat in the Council of Representatives The Council of Representatives (''Majlis ...

Sinjar Alliance The Ezidkhan Command for Liberating Sinjar ( ku, Fermandariya Êzîdxana Ji Bo Rizgariya Şengalê), known as the Sinjar Alliance ( ku, Fermandariya Hevbeş a Şengalê, i.e. ''Sinjar Joint Command''), is a joint command of two - initially three - ...

Israel

West Bank The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...

and the

Gaza Strip The Gaza Strip (;The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza. ...

* People:

Palestinians Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...

** ''De jure'' state: (recognized by 138 UN member states) *** Proposed: re-unification with or recognition of Palestine *** Political organization:

Government of Palestine The Palestinian government is the government of the Palestinian Authority or State of Palestine. The Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (EC) is the highest executive body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and acts ...

*** Militant organization:

Palestinian National Security Forces The Palestinian National Security Forces (NSF; ar, قوات الأمن الوطني الفلسطيني ''Quwwat al-Amn al-Watani al-Filastini'') are the paramilitary security forces of the Palestinian National Authority. The name may either re ...

Palestine Liberation Army The Palestine Liberation Army (PLA, ar, جيش التحرير الفلسطيني, ''Jaysh at-Tahrir al-Filastini'') is ostensibly the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), set up at the 1964 Arab League summit held in A ...

Japan

Hokkaido is Japan, Japan's Japanese archipelago, second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost Prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own List of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; th ...

* Ethnic group:

Ainu Ainu or Aynu may refer to: *Ainu people, an East Asian ethnic group of Japan and the Russian Far East *Ainu languages, a family of languages **Ainu language of Hokkaido **Kuril Ainu language, extinct language of the Kuril Islands **Sakhalin Ainu la ...

** Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of Ainu ** Advocacy group: Flag of Okinawa Prefecture

Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...

* Ethnic group: Ryukyuan ** Proposed state: Ryukyu independence flag

Republic of Ryukyu or

Ryukyu Kingdom The Ryukyu Kingdom, Middle Chinese: , , Classical Chinese: (), Historical English names: ''Lew Chew'', ''Lewchew'', ''Luchu'', and ''Loochoo'', Historical French name: ''Liou-tchou'', Historical Dutch name: ''Lioe-kioe'' was a kingdom in t ...

** Political parties:

Kariyushi Club The , formerly known as the , is a local political party in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, seeking an independent Ryukyu, the . The current party leader is . ''Kariyushi'' is Okinawan for "happy" or "harmony with nature". History The party was fou ...

, formerly ** Political groups:

Ryukyu independence movement The or the Republic of the Ryukyus (Japanese: , Kyūjitai: , Hepburn: ) is a political movement advocating for the independence of the Ryukyu Islands (commonly referred to as Okinawa after the largest island) from Japan. The current political ...

** Note: The supporters of the movement want the

Amami Islands The The name ''Amami-guntō'' was standardized on February 15, 2010. Prior to that, another name, ''Amami shotō'' (奄美諸島), was also used. is an archipelago in the Satsunan Islands, which is part of the Ryukyu Islands, and is southwest o ...

in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct

until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.

Laos

Northern Laos * Ethnic group:

Hmong people The Hmong people ( RPA: ''Hmoob'', Nyiakeng Puachue: , Pahawh Hmong: , ) are a sub-ethnic group of the Miao people who originated from Central China. The modern Hmongs presently reside mainly in Southwest China ( Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, C ...

** Proposed state: Federated ChaoFa ** Organization: Hmong flag

Congress of World Hmong People

Lebanon

Aramea * Ethnic group:

Arameans The Arameans ( oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; syc, ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ, Ārāmāyē) were an ancient Semitic-speaking people in the Near East, first recorded in historical sources from the late 12th century BCE. The Aramean ...

** Proposed state: Aramean flag

Aramea ** Political parties: Aramea Democratic Organisation

Malaysia

Separatist movements in Malaysia have been attributed to the erosion of autonomy especially in places such as

Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...

and

Sabah Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory ...

, which are ethnically and religiously distinct from the rest of Malaysia, as well as general neglect by the central government based out of Putrajaya resulting in differentiate political views, The

Malaysia Agreement The Malaysia Agreement or the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore (MA63) was the agreement which combined North Borneo, Sarawak, ...

of 1963, under which Sabah and Sarawak agreed to unify with Malaya to become Malaysia, included strong provisions for autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak, which were agreed to in the 18-point and 20-point agreements. However, such autonomy has eroded in numerous aspects over the decades, such as a significant smaller share of oil revenue than previously agreed and a reduction in the territorial waters that belonged to each state. Such erosion began almost instantaneously after the expulsion of Singapore in 1965, which left Sarawak and Sabah without enough proportional seats (1/3) and decreased representation in the Dewan Rakyat (Parliament of Malaysia) as Singapore's seats were not redistributed to the two states. As a result, it could not prevent laws passed by the central government from eroding its autonomy, running contrary to previous agreements, leading to the present situation. Other causes of dispute between the central government as well as Sarawak and Sabah include

freedom of religion Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance. It also includes the freedo ...

, distribution of profits from

natural resources Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value. ...

, and deliberate demographic change enacted by the central government parallel to ''de facto'' colonisation (with a similar equivalent historical event being the

Plantation of Ulster The Plantation of Ulster ( gle, Plandáil Uladh; Ulster-Scots: ''Plantin o Ulstèr'') was the organised colonisation ('' plantation'') of Ulstera province of Irelandby people from Great Britain during the reign of King James I. Most of the se ...

) particularly in Sabah to dilute pro-independence sentiments from the native ethnic groups.

Johor Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares maritime b ...

* Ethnic groups: Johoreans (Mainly Malays, Chinese and Indians) * Proposed state: Johor ** Advocacy group: Johor Independence Association (JIA),

Sultan of Johor The Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''bendahara''. Currently, the role of ''bendahara'' has been take ...

, Crown Prince of Johor Sarawak for Sarawakians sticker on a car backscreen

* Ethnic groups:

Melanau Melanau or ''A-Likou'' (meaning River people in Mukah dialect) is an ethnic group indigenous to Sarawak, Malaysia. They are among the earliest settlers of Sarawak. They speak in the Melanau language, which is a part of the North Bornean branc ...

, Dayak (See Demographics of Sarawak) * Proposed state: Flag of the Raj of Sarawak (1870)

Raj of Sarawak (While I breathe, I hope) , national_anthem = '' Gone Forth Beyond the Sea'' , capital = Kuching , common_languages = English, Iban, Melanau, Bidayuh, Sarawak Malay, Chinese etc. , government_type = ...

** Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement,

Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM) (English: Sabah Sarawak Leaves Malaysia) is a separatist organisation that intends to separate the states of Sabah and Sarawak from the Federation of Malaysia. See also * Separatist movements of Malaysia * Sep ...

(SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement ** Political parties:

Parti Bumi Kenyalang The ''Parti Bumi Kenyalang'' ( meaning "Land of the Hornbill Party") is a Sarawakian centre-right political party and officially registered in 2013 and have its headquarters in Bintulu and also in Kuching. The party's stated intent is to estab ...

* Ethnic groups:

Sama-Bajau The Sama-Bajau include several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the Sama or Samah (formally A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or are known by the exonym ...

(See Demographics of Sabah) * Proposed state: Sabah ** Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF),

(SSKM)

Myanmar

Arakan Arakan ( or ) is a historic coastal region in Southeast Asia. Its borders faced the Bay of Bengal to its west, the Indian subcontinent to its north and Burma proper to its east. The Arakan Mountains isolated the region and made it access ...

* Ethnic group: Rakhine ** Proposed state: Flag of Rakhine

Arakan State ** Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance,

Arakan Army (Kachin State) The Arakan Army ( my, ရက္ခိုင့်တပ်တော်, Rakhaing Tattaw; abbreviated AA) is an ethnic armed organisation based in Rakhine State (Arakan). Founded on 10 April 2009, the AA is the military wing of the United Lea ...

Arakan Army (Kayin State) The Arakan Army ( my, ရခိုင်ပြည်တပ်မတော်) is a Rakhine insurgent group based in Kayin State, Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions req ...

Zo Asia * Ethnic group:

Chin The chin is the forward pointed part of the anterior mandible ( mental region) below the lower lip. A fully developed human skull has a chin of between 0.7 cm and 1.1 cm. Evolution The presence of a well-developed chin is considered to be one ...

* Proposed state:

Chin State Chin State (, ) is a state in western Myanmar. The Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, Bangladesh to the south-west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipu ...

** Militant organisation:

Chin National Front The Chin National Front ( my, ချင်းအမျိုးသားတပ်ဦး; CNF) is a Chin nationalist political organization in Myanmar. According to its website, its armed wing, the Chin National Army (CNA), fights the government of ...

(member of the

)

Kachin * Ethnic group: Kachin ** Proposed state: Kachin State Flag of Kachin State

** Political party: Kachin National Organization Flag of the Karen National Union

Kawthoolei Kawthoolei ( ksw, ကီၢ်သူလ့ၤ, ; my, ကော့သူးလေ) is the endonym for a proposed state that the Karen have sought to establish in Myanmar since the beginning of the Karen conflict in the late 1940s. Kawthoolei r ...

* Ethnic group: Karen ** Proposed state:

** Militant organisation:

Karen National Liberation Army The Karen National Liberation Army ( ksw, ကညီဒီကလုာ် တၢ်ထူၣ်ဖျဲး သုးမုၢ်ဒိၣ်, my, ကရင်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတ� ...

** Advocacy group:

Karen National Union The Karen National Union ( my, ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), that claims to represent the K ...

Karenni * Ethnic group: Karenni ** Proposed state:

Kayah State Kayah State ( my, ကယားပြည်နယ်, formerly Karenni State) is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and we ...

** Militant organisation: Karenni Army ** Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the

) ** Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

Kokang Kokang ( my, ကိုးကန့်; ) is a region in Myanmar (Burma). It is located in the northern part of Shan State, with the Salween River to its west, and sharing a border with China's Yunnan Province to the east. Its total land area i ...

* Ethnic group:

Kokang people The Kokang Chinese ( or 果敢族 (''Guǒgǎn zú''); my, ကိုးကန့်လူမျိုး) are Mandarin-speaking Han Chinese living in Kokang, Myanmar, administered as the Kokang Self-Administered Zone. Etymology The name Kokang ...

(ethnic Han Chinese) ** Proposed state:

state

** Militant organisation:

Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army , logo = Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army.svg , caption = Flag of the MNDAA , active= – present , leader = Peng Daxun , ideology = Kokang nationalismSeparatism , partof = Myanmar National Truth and Justice Party ...

Mon State Mon State ( my, မွန်ပြည်နယ်, ; mnw, တွဵုရးဍုင်မန်, italics=no) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to th ...

* Ethnic group: Mon ** Proposed state:

, Monland

** Political party:

New Mon State Party my, မွန်ပြည်သစ်ပါတီ , colorcode = #DA251D , leader = , chairman = Nai Hongsar , president = , secretary_general = , spokesperson = , leader1_title = , leader1_name = , leader2_title = , leader2_name ...

Northern Rakhine State * Ethnic group:

Rohingya The Rohingya people () are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (previously known as Burma). Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, a ...

** Proposed state:

Rahmanland The Rohingya conflict is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing conflict in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State (formerly known as Arakan), characterised by Sectarianism, sectarian violence between the Rohingya people, Rohingya ...

** Militant organisation:

Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), formerly known as Harakah al-Yaqin ( "faith movement" in English), is a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. According to a December 2016 report by the International Cri ...

** Advocacy group:

Arakan Rohingya National Organisation The Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO) is a Rohingya political organisation based in London, United Kingdom. Ideology The proclaimed beliefs and objectives of ARNO are as follows: * The right of self-determination of the Rohingya p ...

, Rohingya National Council Flag of the Shan State

Shan States The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called '' muang'' whose rulers bore the title '' saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India. The term "Shan States" was fi ...

* Ethnic group: Shan (member of the

) ** Proposed state: Shan Republic Flag of the Shan State

** Political party: Shan Democratic Union ** Militant organisation:

Shan State Army The Shan State Army ( my, သျှမ်းပြည်တပ်မတော်; abbreviated SSA) was one of the largest insurgent groups that fought government forces in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). The SSA was founded in 1964 after the m ...

** Advocacy group:

Restoration Council of Shan State The Restoration Council of Shan State ( my, သျှမ်းပြည်ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်ရေးကောင်စီ; abbreviated RCSS) is a Shan political organisation in Shan State, Myanmar, founded in 1996 by Sh ...

** Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States Pa - Oh * Proposed state: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa'O Self-Administered Zone The Pa'O Self-Administered Zone ( my, ပအိုဝ်းကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ ), as stipulated by the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, is a self-administered zone consisting of three t ...

** Ethnic Group: Pa - Oh ** Millitant Organisation: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa-O National Liberation Army Palaung * Proposed state: Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army

Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone The Palaung Self-Administered Zone ( my, ပလောင် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ ဒေသ ) is a self-administered zone consisting of two townships in Shan State: It was created as a separate ...

** Ethnic Group: Palaung ** Millitant Organisation: Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army

Palaung State Liberation Army Flag of Wa State

Wa State Wa State, my, ဝပြည်နယ် is an autonomous self-governing polity in Myanmar (Burma). It is ''de facto'' independent from the rest of the country and has its own political system, administrative divisions and army.29 December 2 ...

* Ethnic group: Wa ** Proposed state:

** Political party: Flag of the United Wa State Party

United Wa State Party The United Wa State Party (UWSP) is the ruling party of Wa State, an autonomous region in northern Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). It was founded on 3 November 1989 as a merger between the Burma National United Party (BNUP) and several smaller, non ...

** Militant organisation: United Wa State Army flag

United Wa State Army The United Wa State Army (; my, ဝပြည် သွေးစည်းညီညွတ်ရေး တပ်မတော်, ), abbreviated as the UWSA or the UWS Army, is the military wing of the United Wa State Party (UWSP), the ''de facto' ...

Zale'n-gam * Ethnic group: Kuki ** Proposed state: Flag of Bnei Menashe

Zale'n-gam ** Militant organisation: Kuki National Army ** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Zogam Zogam (or Land of Zo People) known as Zoland, Lushai Hills, Kuki Hills, lies in the northwest corner of the Mainland Southeast Asia landmass. This is the traditional ancestry homeland of the Zo people or Zomi who lived in this area before the ...

* Ethnic group:

Zomi The Zomi are an ethnic group which can be found in India, Myanmar and in Chittagong hill tracks of Bangladesh. The word Zomi is used to describe an ethnic group, which is also known as the Chin, the Mizo, the Kuki, or a number of other names ...

** Proposed state:

** Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

** Ethnic group:

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nepal

Kirat Autonomous State * Ethnic group: Kiratis ** Proposed state: Kirat *** Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

Madhesh Madhesh Province ( Nepali/ mai, मधेश प्रदेश) is a province of Nepal that was formed after the adoption of the Constitution of Nepal. It is Nepal's most populous province, and smallest province by area. It borders Province No ...

* Ethnic group:

Madhesi people Madheshi people ( ne, मधेशी) is a term used for several groups of people living in the Terai region of Nepal, literally meaning the people of ''Madhesh''. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Ne ...

s (including

Maithils Maithils ( Tirhuta: মৈথিল, Devanagari: मैथिल), also known as Maithili people, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group from the Indian subcontinent, who speak the Maithili language as their native language. They inhabit the ...

, Bhojpuris and Tharus). ** Proposed state: Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

*** Advocacy group:

Alliance for Independent Madhesh The Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM) was a Nepalis' coalition of Madhesi people made up of activists, parties and various organisations working for establishing an independent and sovereign Madhesh state out of Nepal. After signing an 11-po ...

*** Militant Group: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF).

Pakistan

* Ethnic group:

** Proposed state:

along with Sistan and Baluchestan of

and some parts of

. ** Political party:

, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the

) ** Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front,

Gilgit-Baltistan Gilgit-Baltistan (; ), formerly known as the Northern Areas, is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative units of Pakistan, administrative territory, and constituting the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region which has ...

and

Azad Kashmir Azad Jammu and Kashmir (; ), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir, is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee: * * * and constituting the western portion of the larger K ...

* Ethnic groups: Balti, Shina, Wakhi, Burusho, Kho ** Proposed state: Flag of Gilgit-Baltistan (1947)

** Militant organisations: Gilgit-Baltistan United Movement, Balawaristan National Front Flag of Sindh

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

* Ethnic group: Sindhi ** Proposed state:

Sindhudesh Sindhudesh ( sd, سنڌو ديش, ) is an idea of a separate homeland for Sindhis proposed by Sindhi nationalist parties for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would be either autonomous within Pakistan or independent from it. The movement i ...

** Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party ** Student organization: Jeay Sindh Students' Federation ** Militant organization:

Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army Sindhudesh ( sd, سنڌو ديش, ) is an idea of a separate homeland for Sindhis proposed by Sindhi nationalist parties for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would be either autonomous within Pakistan or independent from it. The movement i ...

* Ethnic group:

Punjabi Sikhs Punjabi Sikhs are adherents of Sikhism who identify linguistically, culturally, and genealogically as Punjabis and are native of Undivided Punjab region of Indian Subcontinent. Sikhism is an Indigenous religion born and brought up in Punjab ...

** Proposed state:

** Militant organisation:

Pashtunistan Pashtunistan ( ps, پښتونستان, lit=land of the Pashtuns) is a historical region in Central Asia and South Asia, inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of Afghanistan and western Pakistan. Wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language ...

* Ethnic group:

Pashtuns Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically ...

** Proposed: independent state of

or unification with

** Political party:

Pashtoons Social Democratic Party The Pashtoons Social Democratic Party (abbr. PSDP; ps, د پښتنو ټولنیز ولسواکیز ګوند) is the unity and independence party of all Pashtuns, a social democratic political party in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The party was f ...

Jinnahpur * Ethnic group:

Muhajir people Muhajir or Mohajir ( ar, مهاجر, '; pl. , ') is an Arabic word meaning ''migrant'' (see immigration and emigration) which is also used in other languages spoken by Muslims, including English. In English, this term and its derivatives may refer ...

** Proposed autonomous state: Jinnahpur ** Political party: Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London

Philippines

Sulu archipelago and parts of

Zamboanga Peninsula Zamboanga Peninsula ( tl, Tangway ng Zamboanga; cbk, Peninsula de Zamboanga; ceb, Lawis sa Zamboanga) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IX. It consists of three provinces ( Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga S ...

* Ethnic groups: Moro ( Tausūg,

Banguingui Banguingui, also known as Sama Banguingui or Samal Banguingui (alternative spellings include Bangingi’, Bangingi, Banguingui, Balanguingui, and Balangingi) is a distinct ethnolinguistic group native to Balanguingui Island but also dispersed ...

Yakan Yakan may refer to: * Yakan people, a community of the Philippines * Yakan language, a language of the Philippines * Cape Yakan, in Russia People with the name * Adly Yakan Pasha (1864–1933), Egyptian politician * Fathi Yakan (1933–2009), Leb ...

) ** Proposed state/autonomous area: Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu

Bansa Sūg, Sultanate of Sulu **Advocacy group:

Sultanate of Sulu The Sultanate of Sulu ( Tausūg: ''Kasultanan sin Sūg'', كاسولتانن سين سوڬ; Malay: ''Kesultanan Sulu''; fil, Sultanato ng Sulu; Chavacano: ''Sultanato de Sulu/Joló''; ar, سلطنة سولك) was a Muslim state that ruled ...

Cordillera Administrative Region The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...

* Ethnic group:

Igorot The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...

** Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera ** Advocacy group: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Pi cpdf

Cordillera People's Liberation Army The Cordillera People's Liberation Army (CPLA) was a militant organization based in the Cordillera region in the Philippines founded by Conrado Balweg. Formation In 1986, the CPLA broke away from the communist New People's Army (NPA), critici ...

, Cordillera Bodong Administration Other Islamic militants operating in Mindanao which had goals to create an Islamic state in the Philippines such as the

Abu Sayyaf Abu Sayyaf (; ar, جماعة أبو سياف; ', ASG), officially known by the Islamic State as the Islamic State – East Asia Province, is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam. It is ba ...

, and the

Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters The Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), also known as the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement, is an Islamist militant organization based in Mindanao, the Philippines. It is a smaller player in the overall Moro insurgency in the Phili ...

Russia

Autonomist movements

Koryak Okrug Koryak Okrug (russian: Коря́кский о́круг, Korjakskij okrug; Koryak: , ''Cav’cәvaokrug''), or Koryakia (russian: Корякия, Korjakija), is an administrative division of Kamchatka Krai, Russia.

Ethnic group:

Koryaks Koryaks () are an indigenous people of the Russian Far East, who live immediately north of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Kamchatka Krai and inhabit the coastlands of the Bering Sea. The cultural borders of the Koryaks include Tigilsk in the so ...

** Proposed federal subject: Koryak Autonomous Okrug

Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District (russian: Таймы́рский Долга́но-Не́нецкий райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #10-4765 and municipalLaw #2-54 district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia ...

* Ethnic groups:

Dolgans Dolgans (; Dolgan: , , ( Sakha); Yakut: ) are an ethnic group who mostly inhabit Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. They are descended from several groups, particularly Evenks, one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. They adopted a T ...

, Nganasan, Nenets,

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

** Proposed federal subject:

Asian Russia

Siberia or Siberian Federal District * Ethnic group:

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

, (Siberian peoples) ** Map of Russia - Buryatia (Crimea disputed)

Proposed state: Siberian Republic ** Movement: Siberian regionalism * Ethnic group: Buryats ** Proposed state: ** Political party: All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture Greater Mongolia

Territory of the Far Eastern Republic or Far Eastern Federal District * Ethnic group: Far Easterners ** Proposed federal subject or independent state: Far Eastern Republic ** Organization: Far Eastern Alternative ** Historical Movements: Far Eastern Republican Party, Far Eastern Elites, Vozrozhdenie ("Resurrection"), Primorsky Partisans (allegedly) Taymyria map

Tuva * People: Tuvans ** Proposed state: Tuva *** Political organisation: Hostug Tuva Map of Russia - Tuva

* Ethnic group: Khanty people and Mansi people ** Proposed state: ** Advocacy movements: Association to Save Yugra, Khanty Way, Mansi Way, Ob-Ugrian Union, Society for the Survival and Socio-Economic Development of the Mansi People, Ugrian Association, Youth Public Organization, Yugra Restoration

Saudi Arabia

Najran Province * Ethnic group: Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia, Zaydi Shia Arabs ** Proposed: independence for Najran Province or unification with Yemen ** Militant organization: Ahrar al-Najran

Sri Lanka

* Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamil people, Tamil ** Proposed state: ** Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ** Political party: Tamil National Alliance ** Advocacy groups: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam ** Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam

Syria

De facto autonomous region: Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava) * Larger ethnic groups: Kurdish people, Kurds, Arabs,

* Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Syrian Turkmen, Turkmen,

, Circassians ** Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council ** Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces Flag of the Assyrians

Assyria * ethnic group:

** proposed state: Flag of the Assyrians

** Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization ** Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro ** Advocacy groups:

Taiwan

The Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 14 Member states of the United Nations, United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an United Nations General Assembly observers, observer). Locator map of the ROC Taiwan

* Proposed state: Flag of World Taiwanese Congress

Taiwan independence movement, Republic of Taiwan ** Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism *** Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan four times; in 2000 Taiwanese presidential election, 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 Taiwanese presidential election, 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 Taiwanese presidential election, 2016 (until 2020), and in 2020 Taiwanese presidential election, 2020 (until 2024). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as William Lai, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". ** Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party ** Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence ** Claimed territories: Taiwan (Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, Taiwan-Penghu, Taoyuan) ** Area of claimed territories: Roughly 36,000 km² ** Population of claimed territories: Roughly 24,000,000 people Taiwanese indigenous peoples * ethnic group: indigenous people of Taiwan ** proposed: autonomy for the indigenous people of Taiwan ** political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Tajikistan

Gorno-Badakhshan * Ethnic group: Pamiri people ** Proposed: Greater autonomy for Gorno-Badakhshan ** Defunct Political party: Lali Badakhshan

Thailand

Patani (region), Patani * Ethnic group: Thai Malays, Pattani Malays ** Proposed state: Flag of Pattani

Pattani Sultanate, Pattani Darul Makrif, unification with ** Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Barisan Revolusi Nasional, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan * Ethnic group: Kurdish ** Proposed state: Flag of Kurdistan

Kurdistan ** Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP) * Ethnic group:

** Proposed state: ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement,

** Militant organisations:

, Dwekh Nawsha ** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference,

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan * Ethnic group: Karakalpaks ** Proposed state: Flag of Karakalpakstan

Republic of Karakalpakstan ** Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party

Vietnam

Champa independence movement *Ethnic group: Flag of the Republic of Central Highlands and Champa

Flag of Central Highlands Liberation Front

Cham people *Proposed state: Champa independence movement, Champa *Status: Inactive; but still called for by ethnic Cham people Central Highlands in Vietnam

Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation * Ethnic group: Khmer Krom * Proposed state: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation, Kampuchea-Krom Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Foundation, Inc. * Ethnic group: Degar Foundation created in 1990 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard (Vietnam), Degar people * Proposed state: Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Montagnard or Degar, Degar State

Yemen

South Yemen ** Proposed state: Flag of South Yemen

South Arabia, or State of Aden ** De facto state: Southern Transitional Council *** Political parties: South Yemen Movement, Yemeni Socialist Party * Flag of Hadhramaut

Hadhramaut * Ethnic group: Arabs, Arab as well as Mehri people, Mehri and Soqotri people, Soqotri ** Proposed states: Kathiri flag

Kathiri,

Qu'aiti, Wahidi Balhaf, Mahra Sultanate, Mahra ** De facto state: Hadhramaut Region, Protectorate of South Arabia *** Political party: Hadhrami League

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements in Asia, List Of Asia-related lists, Separatist Movements, Active Disputed territories in Asia, *Separatist Movements in Asia, Active Lists of active separatist movements, Asia Society-related lists, Separatist Movements in Asia, Active Secessionist organizations in Asia,