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Javakheti
Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk ( hy, Ջավախք, ''Javakhk'') is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Turkey's Ardahan Province. Historically, Javakheti borders were defined by the Kura River (Mtkvari) to the west, and the Shavsheti, Samsari and Nialiskuri mountains to the north, south and east, respectively. The principal economic activities in this region are subsistence agriculture, particularly potatoes and raising livestock. In 1995, the Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts, comprising the historical territory of Javakheti, were merged with the neighboring land of Samtskhe to form a new administrative region, Samtskhe-Javakheti. As of January 2020, the total population of Samtskhe-Javakheti is 152,100 individuals. Armenians comprise the majority of Javakheti's population. According to the 2014 Georgian census, 93% (41,870) of the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javakhians
Javakhians ( ka, ჯავახები) are an ethnic subgroup of Georgians, mainly living in Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia. Javakhians are the indigenous population of Javakheti. In terminology, the name Javakheti is taken from "javakh" core with traditional Georgian –eti suffix; commonly, Javakheti means the home of Javakhs. Javakhians speak the Georgian language in Javakhian dialect. The self-designation of Javakhians is Javakhi. History Javakhians are one of the earliest Georgian tribes that inhabited southern Georgia from ancient times. The earliest mention of Javakhians was found in Urartu sources, in the notes of king Argishti I of Urartu, 785 BC, as ''“Zabakha”'' or ''“Zabakhian”''. It could mean that until the beginning of the 8th century B.C. Javakhians had been a self-governing tribe. According to Cyril Toumanoff, Javakheti was part of the Iberian duchy of Tsunda from the 4th or 3rd century BC. Saint Nino entered Iberia from Javakheti, one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქი, tr; hy, Ախալքալաք / Նոր-Քաղաք, translit=Axalk’alak’ / Nor-K’aġak’) is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti Plateau. The city is located about from the border with Armenia. The town's recorded history goes back to the 11th century. As of the 2014 Georgian census the town had a population of 8,295, with 93.8% Armenian majority. Etymology The name Akhalkalaki, first recorded in the 11th-century Georgian chronicle, means "a new town", from Georgian xɑli "new", and ʰɑlɑkʰi "city" or "town". The 19th-century ethnographic accounts have another Armenian name for the town, Nor-Kaghak, also meaning "a new town". History Akhalkalaki was founded by Bagrat IV of Georgia in 1064. In 1066, the city was destroyed during the Seljuq invasions of the Kingdom of Georgia. In the 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninotsminda Municipality
Ninotsminda ( ka, ნინოწმინდის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Ninots’mindis munitsip’alit’et’i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with an area of and a population of 18,944 (2021). Its main town and administrative center is Ninotsminda, which was granted the status of a city in 1983. Until 1917, the territory of the district was included in Akhalkalaki Mazra of Tbilisi (Georgia), and between 1917 and 1930 in Akhalkalaki Mazra. It has been a separate district since 1930, under the name Bogdanovka. In 1991 it received the name Ninotsminda. 95% of the inhabitants in Ninotsminda are of Armenian descent, the highest amount in a Georgian municipality. Geography The area of Ninotsminda district is 1354 km2. It is located in southern Georgia, on the Javakheti volcanic plateau, in the extreme southeastern part of the Akhalkalaki Plateau, east of Lake Khanchal, that has an altitude of 1950-2200 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninotsminda
Ninotsminda (Georgian: ნინოწმინდა ; Armenian: Նինոծմինդա) is a town and a center of the eponymous municipality located in Georgia's southern district of Samtskhe-Javakheti. According to the 2014 census the town has a population of 5,144. The vast majority of the population are Armenians. History Translation of the current official name of the settlement means "Saint Nino" in English and it was given to the town in honor of the illuminator of Georgians St. Nino, in 1991. During the Ottoman rule, this was a sanjak of Çıldır Eyaleti, called Altunkale, which means "golden castle" in Turkish. Before 1991, the town of Ninotsminda was called Bogdanovka (russian: Богдановка) - a name going back to the history of the Doukhobor settlement in the region in the 1840s.Hedwig Lohm, "Dukhobors in Georgia: A Study of the Issue of Land Ownership and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Ninotsminda rayon (Samtskhe-Javakheti)". November 2006. Available iEnglis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samsari Range
Samsari RangeOrthographic dictionary of geographic names of Georgian, p. 148, Tbilisi, 2009 ( ka, სამსრის ქედი) is a volcanic range in southern Georgia, to the southwest of Tbilisi. It is a part of the Highland of Southern Georgia and rises above the Javakheti and Tsalka Plateaus. The range itself is long and runs north to south from the Ktsia to the Paravani River Gorges. There is archaeological evidence of ancient forts on some of the peaks. Mountains The highest mountain is Didi Abuli at an elevation of above sea level. Other notable peaks include: * Godorebi () * Karakuzei () * Shavnabada () * Samsari () * Mt. Tavkvetili () * Western Shaori () Mount Samsari has a fairly large caldera, the floor of which is covered by the rocks from the mountain's last eruption. Vegetation The slopes of the Abul-Samsari Range are mainly covered with alpine meadows and grasslands. Forests are less common and are usually found at the lowest elevations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samtskhe
Meskheti ( ka, მესხეთი) or Samtskhe ( ka, სამცხე) (Moschia in ancient sources), is a mountainous area in southwestern Georgia. History Ancient tribes known as the Mushki (or Moschi) and Mosiniks (or Mossynoeci) were the first known inhabitants of the area of the modern Samtskhe-Javakheti region. Some scholars credit the Mosiniks with the invention of iron metallurgy. Between the 2nd millennium BC and the 4th century BC, Meskheti was part of the kingdom of Diauehi. It was subsequently, until the 6th century, part of the Kingdom of Iberia. During the 10th-15th centuries, this region was a part of the united Georgian Kingdom. In the 16th century it was the independent Principality of Samtskhe until it was occupied and annexed by the Ottoman Empire. In 1829-1917 the region was a part of Tiflis Governorate, and then briefly (1918-1921) part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Between 1921-1990 it was a part of the Soviet Union, as the Georgian SSR. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erusheti
Erusheti ( ka, ერუშეთი) was a medieval Georgian fiefdom, currently part of the Ardahan Province in northeastern Turkey, close to the border with Georgia. The district was centered in the eponymous settlement, at the present-day village Oğuzyolu, which, according to the medieval historical tradition, was one of the earliest centres of Christianity in Georgia. Ruins of Christian churches are found throughout the region. In modern Georgia, the name "Erusheti" is preserved as a designation of a mountainous range along the border with Turkey. History The name "Erusheti" was applied by the medieval Georgians to the territory in the Kura or Mtkvari river valley around the eponymous town or fortress, north of Artani (Ardahan), between the Arsiani Range (Yalnızçam Dağları) and Kartsakhi Lake (Aktaş Gölü). Erusheti was contiguous with the province of Javakheti and is considered to have been its "lower" or "western" part. According to Cyril Toumanoff, Javakheti, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki Municipality
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Akhalkalakis munitsip’alit’et’i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 41,026 (2021). Its main town and administrative center is Akhalkalaki and it has an area of . 93% of the inhabitants in Akhalkalaki are of Armenian descent, the second highest amount in a Georgian municipality after Ninotsminda. Administrative divisions Akhalkalaki municipality is administratively divided into one city (the municipal centre Akhalkalaki) and 21 communities (თემი, temi) with 64 villages (სოფელი, sopeli). Politics Akhalkalaki Municipal Assembly ( Georgian: ახალქალაქის საკრებულო, ''Akhalkalaki Sakrebulo'') is the representative body in Akhalkalaki Municipality, consisting of 42 members which are elected every four years. The last election was held in October 2021. Melqon Makari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspindza Municipality
Aspindza ( ka, ასპინძის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Aspindzis munitsipalit'et'i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 10,372 (2021). Its main town and administrative center is Aspindza and it has an area of . Administrative divisions Aspindza municipality is administratively divided into one borough (დაბა, daba), the municipal centre Aspindza and 18 communities (თემი, temi) with 55 villages (სოფელი, sopeli): Politics Aspindza Municipal Assembly (Georgian: ახალციხის საკრებულო, ''Aspindza Sakrebulo'') is a representative body in Aspindza Municipality, consisting of 30 members which are elected every four years. The last election was held in October 2021. Rostom Magraqvelidze of Georgian Dream was elected mayor. Population By the start of 2021 the population was determined at 10,587 people, a slight increase compared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didi Abuli
Didi Abuli ( ka, დიდი აბული; hy, Աբուլ (Abul)) is one of the highest peak of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the nation of Georgia. The mountain is located in the Abul-Samsari Range Samsari RangeOrthographic dictionary of geographic names of Georgian, p. 148, Tbilisi, 2009 ( ka, სამსრის ქედი) is a volcanic range in southern Georgia, to the southwest of Tbilisi. It is a part of the Highland of Southern ... at an elevation of above sea level. Didi Abuli is an extinct stratovolcano External links * Mountains of Georgia (country) Mountains of Samtskhe-Javakheti region {{Georgia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianization Of Iberia
The Christianization of Iberia ( ka, ქართლის გაქრისტიანება, tr) refers to the spread of Christianity in the early 4th century by the sermon of Saint Nino in an ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli, known as Iberia in classical antiquity, which resulted in declaring it as a state religion by ''then- pagan'' King Mirian III of Iberia. Per Sozomen, this led the king's "large and warlike '' barbarian'' nation to confess Christ and renounce the religion of their fathers", as the polytheistic Georgians had long-established anthropomorphic idols, known as the "Gods of Kartli". The king would become the main sponsor, architect, initiator and an organizing power of all building processes. Per Socrates of Constantinople, the "Iberians first embraced the Christian faith" alongside the Abyssinians, but the exact date of an event is still debated. Georgian monarchs, alongside the Armenians, were among the first anywhere in the world to convert to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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