![St](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/St._Albert_Transit_BYD_Electric_Bus.jpg)
An electric bus is a
bus
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
that is propelled using
electric motor
An electric motor is an Electric machine, electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a Electromagneti ...
s as opposed to an
internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combus ...
. Electric buses can store the needed
electricity
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described ...
on-board, or be fed continuously from an external source. The majority of buses storing electricity are
battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laborato ...
es (which this article mostly deals with), where the electric motor obtains energy from an
onboard battery pack, although examples of other storage modes do exist, such as the
gyrobus
A gyrobus is an electric bus that uses flywheel energy storage, not overhead wires like a trolleybus. The name comes from the Greek language term for flywheel, ''gyros''.
While there are no gyrobuses currently in use commercially, development in ...
which uses
flywheel energy storage
Flywheel energy storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. When energy is extracted from the system, the flywheel's rotational speed is reduced as a c ...
. When electricity is not stored on board, it is supplied by contact with outside power sources. For example,
overhead wire
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, trolleybuses or trams. It is known variously as:
* Overhead catenary
* Overhead contact system (OCS)
* Overhead equipmen ...
s as in the
trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
, or with a
ground-level power supply
Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection or, in French, ''alimentation par le sol'' ("feeding via the ground"), is a concept and group of technologies whereby electric vehicles collect electric power at ground level fro ...
, or through
inductive charging
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging or cordless charging) is a type of wireless power transfer. It uses electromagnetic induction to provide electricity to portable devices. Inductive charging is also used in vehicles, power tool ...
.
As of 2019, 99% of all battery electric buses in the world have been deployed in
Mainland China
"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
, with more than 421,000 buses on the road, which is 17% of
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
's total bus fleet. For comparison, the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
had 300, and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
had 2,250.
By 2021, Europe had reached 8,500 electric buses, and China's share of electric buses remained at 98%.
History
Principles
Battery
One of the most popular types of electric buses nowadays are
battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laborato ...
es. Battery electric buses have the electricity stored on board the vehicle in a battery. , battery electric buses could have a range of over 280 km with just one charge, although extreme temperatures and hills can reduce range. The buses are usually used in cities due to their limited range.
City driving involves a great deal of accelerating and braking. Due to that, the battery electric bus is superior to diesel bus as it can recharge most of the kinetic energy back into batteries during braking, which reduces brake wear. The use of electric over diesel propulsion reduces noise and pollution in cities.
When operating within a city, it is important to minimize the unloaded and rolling weight of the bus. This can be accomplished by using aluminium as the main construction material. Composite paneling and other lightweight materials can also be used. According to
Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
bus manufacturer Linkker, its fully aluminium bus construction is about 3000 kg lighter than comparably sized modern steel buses, which have a curb weight of 9500 kg. Reducing weight allows for a greater payload and reduces wear to components such as brakes, tires, and joints, achieving cost savings for the operator.
Charging
Buses may be charged at plug in stations, or on special
wireless
Wireless communication (or just wireless, when the context allows) is the transfer of information between two or more points without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided medium for the transfer. The most ...
charging pads.
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
is studying four different
dynamic charging
An electric road, eroad, or electric road system (ERS) is a road which supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it. Common implementations are Overhead line, overhead power lines above the road and ground-level power supply through conduc ...
technologies that allow buses and other vehicles to charge while driving on roads and highways. The four tested technologies are overhead wires, in-road rail, on-road rail, and in-road inductive coils.
The first
solar powered
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating), and solar architecture. It is an essenti ...
microgrid A microgrid is a local electrical grid with defined electrical boundaries, acting as a single and controllable entity. It is able to operate in grid-connected and in island mode. for charging electric buses in the US is under construction in
Montgomery County, MD
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-design ...
, and scheduled for completion in fall of 2022.
Capacitors
Buses can use capacitors instead of batteries to store their energy.
Ultracapacitors can only store about 5 percent of the energy that lithium-ion batteries hold for the same weight, limiting them to a short distance per charge.
However ultracapacitors can charge and discharge much more rapidly than conventional batteries.
In vehicles that have to stop frequently and predictably as part of normal operation, energy storage based exclusively on
ultracapacitor
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable b ...
s can be a solution.
China is experimenting with a new form of electric bus, known as ''Capabus'', which runs without continuous
overhead lines
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, trolleybuses or trams. It is known variously as:
* Overhead catenary
* Overhead contact system (OCS)
* Overhead equipmen ...
by using power stored in large on-board electric double-layer capacitors, which are quickly recharged whenever the vehicle stops at any bus stop (under so-called electric umbrellas), and fully charged in the
terminus
Terminus may refer to:
* Bus terminus, a bus station serving as an end destination
* Terminal train station or terminus, a railway station serving as an end destination
Geography
*Terminus, the unofficial original name of Atlanta, Georgia, United ...
.
A few prototypes were being tested in
Shanghai
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
in early 2005. In 2006, two commercial bus routes began to use electric double-layer capacitor buses; one of them is route 11 in Shanghai. In 2009,
Sinautec Automobile Technologies, based in
Arlington, VA
Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia, of which it was once a part. The county is ...
, and its Chinese partner,
Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Company are testing with 17 forty-one seat
Ultracap Bus
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable ba ...
es serving the Greater Shanghai area since 2006 without any major technical problems.
Another 60 buses will be delivered early next year with ultracapacitors that supply 10
watt-hours per kilogram.
The buses have very predictable routes and need to stop regularly, every , allowing opportunities for quick recharging.
The trick is to turn some bus stops along the route into
charging station
A charging station, also known as a charge point or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a piece of equipment that supplies electrical power for charging plug-in electric vehicles (including electric cars, electric trucks, electric ...
s. At these stations, a collector on the top of the bus rises and touches an overhead charging line. Within a couple of minutes, the ultracapacitor banks stored under the bus seats are fully charged. The buses can also capture energy from braking, and the company says that recharging stations can be equipped with solar panels. A third generation of the product, will give of range per charge or better.
Such a bus was delivered by Chariot Motors in Sofia, Bulgaria in May 2014 for 9 months' test. It covers 23 km in 2 charges.
Sinautec estimates that one of its buses has one-tenth the energy cost of a diesel bus and can achieve lifetime fuel savings of $200,000. Also, the buses use 40 percent less electricity compared to an electric
trolley bus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
, mainly because they are lighter and have the
regenerative braking
Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, the electric traction mo ...
benefits. The ultracapacitors are made of activated carbon, and have an
energy density
In physics, energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume. It is sometimes confused with energy per unit mass which is properly called specific energy or .
Often only the ''useful'' or extract ...
of six watt-hours per kilogram (for comparison, a high-performance lithium-ion battery can achieve 200 watt-hours per kilogram), but the ultracapacitor bus is also cheaper than lithium-ion battery buses, about 40 percent less expensive, with a far superior reliability rating.
There is also a
plug-in hybrid
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...
version, which also uses ultracaps.
Future developments
Sinautec is in discussions with
MIT
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the mo ...
's Schindall about developing ultracapacitors of higher energy density using vertically aligned
carbon nanotube
A scanning tunneling microscopy image of a single-walled carbon nanotube
Rotating single-walled zigzag carbon nanotube
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made of carbon with diameters typically measured in nanometers.
''Single-wall carbon na ...
structures that give the devices more surface area for holding a charge. So far, they are able to get twice the energy density of an existing ultracapacitor, but they are trying to get about five times. This would create an ultracapacitor with one-quarter of the energy density of a lithium-ion battery.
Future developments includes the use of
inductive charging
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging or cordless charging) is a type of wireless power transfer. It uses electromagnetic induction to provide electricity to portable devices. Inductive charging is also used in vehicles, power tool ...
under the street, to avoid overhead wiring. A pad under each
bus stop
A bus stop is a place where buses stop for passengers to get on and off the bus. The construction of bus stops tends to reflect the level of usage, where stops at busy locations may have shelters, seating, and possibly electronic passenger ...
and at each
stop light
Traffic lights, traffic signals, or stoplights – known also as robots in South Africa are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations in order to control flows of traffic.
Traffic lights ...
along the way would be used.
Drawbacks
As with other electric vehicles, climate control and extremely cold weather will weaken the performance of electric buses. In addition, terrain may pose a challenge to the adoption of electric vehicles that carry stored energy compared to trolleybuses, which draw power from overhead lines. Even when conditions are favorable, internal combustion engine buses are frequently diesel powered, and diesel is relatively inexpensive per mile. High local utility rates (especially during periods of peak demand) and proprietary charging systems pose barriers to adoption.
Makers and models
School use
North America
![Bluebird-Vision-Electric](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Bluebird-Vision-Electric.jpg)
In 2014, the first production-model all-electric school bus was delivered to the
Kings Canyon Unified School District in California's San Joaquin Valley. The Class-A school bus was built by
Trans Tech Bus, using an electric powertrain control system developed by
Motiv Power Systems
Motiv Power Systems is an American manufacturer of all-electric chassis for medium-duty commercial vehicles, based in Foster City, California.
History
Jim Castelaz founded Motiv in 2009, working from his residence in Mountain View.
In 201 ...
, of Foster City, California. The bus was one of four the district ordered. The first round of SST-e buses (as they are called) is partly funded by the AB 118 Air Quality Improvement Program administered by the
California Air Resources Board
The California Air Resources Board (CARB or ARB) is the "clean air agency" of the government of California. Established in 1967 when then-governor Ronald Reagan signed the Mulford-Carrell Act, combining the Bureau of Air Sanitation and the Motor ...
.
The Trans Tech/Motiv vehicle has passed all KCUSD and California Highway Patrol inspections and certifications. Although some diesel hybrids are in use, this is the first modern electric school bus approved for student transportation by any state.
![First New Zero-Emission School Bus in California](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/First_New_Zero-Emission_School_Bus_in_California.jpg)
Since 2015, the Canadian manufacturer
Lion Bus
The Lion Electric Company (in French, La Compagnie Électrique Lion) is a Canadian-based manufacturer of commercial vehicles. Currently the biggest electric vehicle manufacturer in its segment, Lion primarily produces yellow school buses, pub ...
offers a full size school bus,
eLion, with a body made out of composites. It is a regular production version that is built and shipped in volume since early 2016, with around 50 units sold until 2017.
In February 2021, there were about 300 electric schoolbuses in operation in the United States. That month,
Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-design ...
approved a contract to transition its 1,400 vehicle schoolbus fleet to electric buses by 2035, with the first 25 buses arriving in fall 2021.
The 2021
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill and originally in the House as the INVEST in America ActH.R. 3684, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 117th United States Congress ...
included $2.5 billion in funding for electric school buses, to be distributed over five years.
By June 2022, 38 US states were using electric schoolbuses.
In September 2022,
EPA
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it be ...
funding for electric schoolbuses was doubled, from $500 million to almost $1 billion, due to high demand. The improvement in air quality over diesel powered school buses is expected to be helpful for children with asthma. In addition, the BIDIRECTIONAL Act was introduced in the US Senate, to "create a program dedicated to deploying electric school buses with bidirectional
vehicle-to-grid
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), also known as Vehicle-to-home (V2H) or Vehicle-to-load (V2L) describes a system in which plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) sell demand response services to the grid. Demand services are either delivering electricity or by red ...
(V2G) flow capability.”
Transit use
Transit authorities that use battery buses or other types of all-electric buses, other than trolleybuses:
Asia
UAE
The UAE has recently introduced electric buses. The busses are public buses which serve Dubai.
Malaysia
*
Bandar Sunway
Bandar Sunway, also known as Sunway City, is a 800-acre integrated township in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. This township is named after its developer, Sunway Group, which had also got its name from Sungai Way, a suburb in Selangor.
Lei ...
*
Kuala Lumpur
, anthem = '' Maju dan Sejahtera''
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia
, pushpin_map_caption =
, coordinates =
, su ...
*
Putrajaya
Putrajaya (), officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya ( ms, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya), is a planned capital city which functions as the administrative capital and the judicial capital of Malaysia. The seat of the federal government ...
*
Melaka City
Malacca City ( ms, Bandaraya Melaka or ') is the List of capitals in Malaysia, capital city of the Malaysian state of Malacca. As of 2019 it has a population of 579,000.https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/6_Newsletter/Newsletter%202020/DOS ...
*
Selangor
Selangor (; ), also known by its Arabic language, Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity", is one of the 13 Malaysian states. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east ...
*
Kota Kinabalu
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = From top, left to right, bottom:Kota Kinabalu skyline, Wawasan intersection, Tun Mustapha Tower, Kota Kinabalu Coastal Highway, the Kota Kinabalu City Mosque, the Wism ...
(coming soon 2018)
*
Kota Bharu
Kota Bharu, colloquially referred to as KB, is a town in Malaysia that serves as the state capital and royal seat of Kelantan. It is situated in the northeastern part of Peninsular Malaysia and lies near the mouth of the Kelantan River.
The t ...
(coming soon 2018)
*
Kuching
Kuching (), officially the City of Kuching, is the capital and the most populous city in the States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also the capital of Kuching Division. The city is on the Sarawak River ...
(on trial since 1 March 2019)
Indonesia
*
TransJakarta
TransJakarta (stylised as transjakarta, often erroneously called Busway) is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Jakarta, Indonesia. The first BRT system in Southeast Asia, it commenced operations on 15 January 2004 to provide a fast public trans ...
plans to replace aging fleet with newer electric powered buses. Available candidates are locally made MAB buses and imported
BYD buses. Technical trials started by September 2019.
* Paiton Energy took delivery of the first locally produced electric bus made by PT MAB.
India
![Olectra - BYD Electric Bus Hyderabad 4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Olectra_-_BYD_Electric_Bus_Hyderabad_4.jpg)
Highlights:
* On 6 March 2014, India's first intra-city e-bus was launched in Bengaluru.
* On 17 October 2016,
Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturer, headquartered in Chennai. It is owned by the Hinduja Group. It was founded in 1948 as Ashok Motors and became Ashok Leyland in the year 1955. Ashok Leyland is the second-most ...
unveiled India’s first indigenous e-bus.
* On 8 August 2019,
Government of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, c ...
sanctioned 5,595 e-buses to 64 cities and state transport undertakings.
*On 5 September 2019, India's first inter-city e-bus service, from Mumbai to Pune, was launched.
Cities using electric buses include:
*
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Ahmedabad ( ; Gujarati: Amdavad ) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per th ...
*
Bangalore, Karnataka
Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...
*
Chandigarh
Chandigarh () is a planned city in India. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which al ...
*
Delhi NCR
The National Capital Region (NCR) is a planning region centred upon the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi in India. It encompasses Delhi and several districts surrounding it from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The N ...
*
Hyderabad Metropolitan Region
Hyderabad Metropolitan Region is the metropolitan area covered by the city of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Telangana. The entire region is spread over the districts of Hyderabad District, Bhuvanagiri, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Ranga Reddy, Sang ...
*
Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (abbreviated to MMR and previously also as Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area), is a metropolitan area consisting of Mumbai (Bombay) and its satellite towns in the northern Konkan division, of the Maharashtra state in we ...
*
Pune, Maharashtra
Pune (; ; also known as Poona, ( the official name from 1818 until 1978) is one of the most important industrial and educational hubs of India, with an estimated population of 7.4 million As of 2021, Pune Metropolitan Region is the largest i ...
Iran
* Iran's first electric bus was launched in Tehran in 2021 with the brand name of SHETAB. It is the vehicle designed with PLM technology in Iran.
China
![Electric bus BK6122EV1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Electric_bus_BK6122EV1.jpg)
As of 2016, 156,000 buses are being put into service per year in China. As of the end of 2020, 378,700 electric buses were in operation, accounting for 53.8% of the total amount of buses.
*
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
*
Bengbu
Bengbu () is a city in northern Anhui Province, China. Its population was 3,296,408 registered residents at the 2020 census. 1,968,027 lived in the built-up area made of four Bengbu urban districts and Fengyang County in Chuzhou Prefecture, large ...
*
Changsha
Changsha (; ; ; Changshanese pronunciation: (), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China. Changsha is the 17th most populous city in China with a population of over 10 million, an ...
(
BYD x 180 vehicles)
*
Haikou
Haikou (; ), also spelled as Hoikow is the capital and most populous city of the Chinese province of Hainan. Haikou city is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River. The northern part of the city is on the Ha ...
(BYD)
*
Lhasa
Lhasa (; Lhasa dialect: ; bo, text=ལྷ་ས, translation=Place of Gods) is the urban center of the prefecture-level city, prefecture-level Lhasa (prefecture-level city), Lhasa City and the administrative capital of Tibet Autonomous Regio ...
, First
solar powered public bus in 2015
*
Shanghai
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
(
capabuses)
*
Shaoguan
Shaoguan (; Hakka: Seukoan) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province (Yuebei), South China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch H ...
(BYD)
*
Shenzhen
Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
(BYD x 16,359 vehicles). As of 1 January 2018, every bus in Shenzhen is battery-electric.
*
Tianjin
Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popul ...
(BYD)
*
Xi'an
Xi'an ( , ; ; Chinese: ), frequently spelled as Xian and also known by #Name, other names, is the list of capitals in China, capital of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province. A Sub-provincial division#Sub-provincial municipalities, sub-provincial city o ...
(BYD)
*
Yancheng
Yancheng () is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province of China, province, People's Republic of China. As the city with the largest jurisdictional area in Jiangsu, Yancheng borders Lianyungang to the north, Huai'an to the west, ...
*
Bengbu
Bengbu () is a city in northern Anhui Province, China. Its population was 3,296,408 registered residents at the 2020 census. 1,968,027 lived in the built-up area made of four Bengbu urban districts and Fengyang County in Chuzhou Prefecture, large ...
(BYD x 638 vehicles)
Japan
![NishiTokyoBus B21251 Hamurun EV bus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/NishiTokyoBus_B21251_Hamurun_EV_bus.jpg)
* Community Bus "Hamurun" (Operated by
Nishi Tokyo Bus
is a bus-operating company in western Tama Area, mainly in Hachioji and Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan. It has in a subsidiary which once took charge of bus routes in western Hachioji area and Ome area, and expressway bus routes. Although it now belongs ...
) in
Hamura
is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 54,622, and a population density of 5500 persons per km². The total area of the city was .
Geography
Hamura is approximately in the w ...
,
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
since 10 March 2012
* Community Bus "Sumida Hyakkei" (Operated by
Keisei Bus
The is a bus company within the Keisei Group which was established on 1 October 2003 to inherit all business of the Keisei Electric Railway bus department.
Local bus services Offices
* Edogawa Office
* Kanamachi Office
* Matsudo Office
* Ichika ...
) in
Sumida, Tokyo since 20 March 2012
*
Kitakyushu City
is a Cities of Japan, city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978, making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fuku ...
, Japan.
Singapore
* Singapore's first fully electric bus was launched in 2016 on a trial basis by
Go-Ahead Singapore
Go-Ahead Singapore is a contracted bus operator operating in Singapore. It commenced operations on 4 September 2016 and it is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group.
History
On 15 April 2015, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to oper ...
.
* On 24 October 2018, the
Land Transport Authority
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport of the Government of Singapore.
History Incorporation of Land Transport Authority
Land Transport Authority (LTA) was established on 1 September 1995, f ...
procured 60 fully electric buses — 20
BYD K9
The BYD K-series bus (sometimes just referred to as the BYD ebus or BYD electric bus) are a line of battery electric buses manufactured by the Chinese automaker BYD, powered with its self-developed lithium iron phosphate battery, featuring a ty ...
buses, 20
ST Engineering
Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd, doing business as ST Engineering, is a Singaporean multinational technology and engineering group in the aerospace, smart city as well as defence and public security sectors. Headquartered in Singapore, ...
-Linkker Electric Buses, 10
Yutong
Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also covers areas of construction machinery, real estate, and other inve ...
E12 single-decker buses and 10 Yutong E12DD double-decker buses, for $50.64 million total.
* On 17 October 2019,
SMRT Buses
SMRT Buses is a bus operator in Singapore. A subsidiary of SMRT Corporation, it traded as Trans Island Bus Services until 10 May 2004.
History Trans-Island Bus Services (1983–2004)
In April 1981, Communications & Labour Minister Ong Teng Cheo ...
began deploying BYD C6 electric minibuses on bus service 825, marking the launch of Singapore's first fully electric public minibuses.
* On 3 April 2020,
Go-Ahead Singapore
Go-Ahead Singapore is a contracted bus operator operating in Singapore. It commenced operations on 4 September 2016 and it is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group.
History
On 15 April 2015, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to oper ...
,
Tower Transit Singapore
Tower Transit Singapore is a contracted bus operator operating in Singapore. It commenced operations on 29 May 2016 and it is a subsidiary of Transit Systems.
History
In October 2014, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to operate 26 ...
and
SMRT Buses
SMRT Buses is a bus operator in Singapore. A subsidiary of SMRT Corporation, it traded as Trans Island Bus Services until 10 May 2004.
History Trans-Island Bus Services (1983–2004)
In April 1981, Communications & Labour Minister Ong Teng Cheo ...
began deploying Yutong E12 electric buses, marking the start of the rollout of the 60 fully electric buses procured by the
Land Transport Authority
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport of the Government of Singapore.
History Incorporation of Land Transport Authority
Land Transport Authority (LTA) was established on 1 September 1995, f ...
.
* On 29 July 2020,
SBS Transit
SBS Transit Limited (SBST or just SBS) () is a multi-modal public transport operator in Singapore operating bus and rail services. With a majority of its shares owned by Singaporean multinational transport conglomerate ComfortDelGro Corporation ...
began deploying
BYD K9
The BYD K-series bus (sometimes just referred to as the BYD ebus or BYD electric bus) are a line of battery electric buses manufactured by the Chinese automaker BYD, powered with its self-developed lithium iron phosphate battery, featuring a ty ...
electric buses.
* On 27 October 2020,
Go-Ahead Singapore
Go-Ahead Singapore is a contracted bus operator operating in Singapore. It commenced operations on 4 September 2016 and it is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group.
History
On 15 April 2015, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to oper ...
,
Tower Transit Singapore
Tower Transit Singapore is a contracted bus operator operating in Singapore. It commenced operations on 29 May 2016 and it is a subsidiary of Transit Systems.
History
In October 2014, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to operate 26 ...
and
SMRT Buses
SMRT Buses is a bus operator in Singapore. A subsidiary of SMRT Corporation, it traded as Trans Island Bus Services until 10 May 2004.
History Trans-Island Bus Services (1983–2004)
In April 1981, Communications & Labour Minister Ong Teng Cheo ...
began deploying Yutong E12DD electric double-decker buses, marking the launch of Singapore's first fully electric double-decker buses.
South Korea
![Seoul Bus Route 05(TR)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Seoul_Bus_Route_05%28TR%29.png)
*
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...
has 15 electric buses nicknamed "Peanut Bus" for their shape, transferring people from subway stations in downtown to the
N Seoul Tower
The N Seoul Tower (), officially the YTN Seoul Tower and commonly known as Namsan Tower or Seoul Tower, is a communication and observation tower located on Nam Mountain in central Seoul, South Korea. The -tall tower marks the second highest po ...
, circulating Mt.
Namsan.
* Seoul's
Gangnam District
Gangnam District ( ; , ) is one of the 25 local government districts which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Gangnam translates to "South of the (Han) River". Gangnam District is the third largest district in Seoul, with an area of . A ...
will have 11 electric buses in operation from February 2013 and 270 electric buses by the end of 2013, increasing to 400 buses by 2014. At least 3,500 electric buses will be introduced in phases until 2020, which will account for half of Seoul's bus fleet.
*
Gumi Gumi may refer to:
* Gumi, Iran, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
* Gumi, Nepal, a village development committee in Surkhet District, Bheri Zone, Nepal
* Gumi, North Gyeongsang, a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
** Gumi University
* ...
will have the world's first wireless electric bus, known as
Online Electric Vehicle, in operation from July 2013 developed by
KAIST
The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) is a national research university located in Daedeok Innopolis, Daejeon, South Korea. KAIST was established by the Korean government in 1971 as the nation's first public, research ...
. Electricity is wirelessly fed into the bus from the tracks.
*
Pohang
Pohang () is a city in the province of North Gyeongsang, South Korea, and a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The built-up area of Pohang is located on the alluvium of the mouth of the Hyeongsan River. The city is divided into two wa ...
will have automatically battery switching electric buses in operation from July 2013. Unlike conventional plug-in charging buses, the battery pack is automatically swapped with a fully charged one before complete drainage.
Thailand
![Minebus NJL6106BEV 39 1-5(39)-3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Minebus_NJL6106BEV_39_1-5%2839%29-3.jpg)
* Thai Smile Bus Co.,Ltd.
Qatar
741 electric buses are operated by Mowasalat (Karwa) the country’s public transit system.
Europe
The largest European electric bus fleet is concentrated in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
which has 500 electric buses as of October 2020.
Belarus
![Electrobus E-433](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Electrobus_E-433.jpg)
* Е433 «Vitovt Max Electro» (Minsk)
* E420
* E321
Belgium
The electrification of Belgium's buses is on a strong upward trend:
* Flanders: At the end of 2019 De Lijn operated 2,295 buses, of which 368 were hybrids. De Lijn introduced its first six fully electric buses in 2020, with seven more to follow. An order for 970 electric buses, which had been cancelled, is to be reissued. The Flemish coalition agreement states that city centres must be operated emission-free by 2025 and that all buses in Flanders must be zero-emission by 2035.
* Wallonia: At the end of 2019, OTW operated 1,769 of its own buses, of which 309 were hybrids.
* Brussels: At the end of 2019 STIB/MIVB operated 800 buses, of which 184 (23%) of them were hybrids. Tenders for 50–100 electric buses are being prepared and the hydrogen option is also being examined.
As for fully electric buses, Belgium only had 4 in operation in 2019.
Bulgaria
* Since 2018
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...
operates a fleet of 20
Yutong
Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also covers areas of construction machinery, real estate, and other inve ...
battery electric buses
* Since 2020
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...
operates a fleet of 15 Chariot-
Higer
Higer Bus Company Limited, also known as Higer Bus, is a Chinese bus manufacturer based in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. It was established at the end of 1998. HIGER is China's leading exporter of buses and Coach (bus), coaches, whose units are av ...
supercapacitor-based electric buses. In 2021 the fleet was supplemented by 30 more electric vehicles of this type.
* Since February 2021
Kazanlak
Kazanlak ( bg, Казанлък , Thracian and Greek Σευθόπολις (''Seuthopolis''), tr, Kazanlık) is a Bulgarian town in Stara Zagora Province, located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain ...
operates a fleet of 7 Alfabus battery electric buses
* Since February 2021
Gabrovo
Gabrovo ( bg, Габрово ) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province.
It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an internationa ...
operates a fleet of 3 Chariot-
Higer
Higer Bus Company Limited, also known as Higer Bus, is a Chinese bus manufacturer based in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. It was established at the end of 1998. HIGER is China's leading exporter of buses and Coach (bus), coaches, whose units are av ...
supercapacitor-based electric buses, delivered b
Chariot Motors
* Since July 2021
Ruse
Ruse may refer to:
Places
*Ruse, Bulgaria, a major city of Bulgaria
**Ruse Municipality
** Ruse Province
** 19th MMC – Ruse, a constituency
*Ruše, a town and municipality in north-eastern Slovenia
* Ruše, Žalec, a small settlement in east-ce ...
operates a fleet of 20
SOR
Sor may refer to:
* Fernando Sor (1778–1839), Spanish guitarist and composer
* Sor, Ariège, a French commune
* SOR Libchavy, a Czech bus manufacturer
* Sor, Azerbaijan, a village
* Sor, Senegal, an offshore island
* Sor River, a river in the ...
battery electric buses.
Turkey
*
Anadolu Isuzu
Anadolu Isuzu (officially Anadolu Isuzu Automotive Industry & Trading A.Ş.) is a joint venture company based in Istanbul, Turkey. It is the collaboration between Anadolu Group, Isuzu Motors Co., Ltd., Itochu Co. and HICOM. Its main fields of o ...
*
BMC
*
Bozankaya
Bozankaya is a Turkish manufacturer of rolling stock including metro, tram and trolleybus vehicles.
History
The company was originally founded as BBC & C in Wolfenbüttel, Germany by Murat Bozankaya. The company moved its headquarters to Ank ...
*
Karsan
Karsan ( tr, Karsan Otomotiv Sanayii ve Ticaret A.Ş. English: Karsan Automotive Industry and Trade Joint-Stock Company) is a Turkish commercial vehicles manufacturer, based in Akçalar, Nilüfer, Bursa Province. "Karsan" is an acronym for "Kar ...
*
Otokar
Otokar Otomotiv ve Savunma Sanayi A.Ş., also known simply as Otokar, is a Turkish bus and military vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Sakarya, Turkey. Otokar is a subsidiary of Koç Holding.
History
Otokar was founded in 1963 as Turkey's ...
*
Temsa
Finland
* Espoo Cobus EL2500 (bus 11 Friisilä-Tapiola Centre)
* Espoo (Linkker 2 vehicles, Bus 11 line Tapiola centre-Friisilä)
France
*
RATP (Paris): Line 341 is the first line of 100% electric
full-size
Full-size car—also known as large car—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars, it is the largest size class for cars. In Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Af ...
Bluebuses.
Germany
* Berlin: Berlin public transport(Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)) operator orders 90 new electric buses. It is still unclear which manufacturer the vehicles were ordered from. As the local German newspaper, the Tagesspiegel writes, the order is said to have gone to the Dutch electric bus and charging infrastructure manufacturer Ebusco. The delivery of all buses is scheduled for the end of 2022. This will increase BVG’s fleet to 228 electric buses.
* Munich: The Dutch electric bus manufacturer Ebusco has received a follow-up order from public transport operator Stadtwerke München in Germany. The order is for 14 electric 18-metre buses of the type Ebusco 2.2. Delivery is scheduled for the first half of 2023. “After the 12-metre buses from Ebusco met the range expectation, we are looking forward to taking its big brother on the road,” says Veit Bodenschatz, Managing Director and Head of Bus Operations at Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG). In Munich, the aforementioned twelve Ebusco 2.2 are already in use as solo buses in the 12-metre version, as well as two Ebusco 3.0, which, as reported, were recently handed over to Stadtwerke.
* Konstanz: Stadtwerke Konstanz has purchased six new electric buses as a prelude to the long-term conversion of its bus fleet. The new Mercedes eCitaro e-buses have already been delivered and are scheduled to enter service on lines 6 and 14 in February. The municipal utility had already announced in October 2020 that it intended to purchase six e-buses in 2021 and to stop buying diesel buses in the future. The order was then placed with Mercedes-Benz last year, and the red-painted eCitaro buses have since arrived in Constance.
Great Britain
* , 785 battery electric and 22 hydrogen fuel cell buses operate in London, the
2nd largest fleet in Europe.
* Stagecoach North Scotland operates 5 Optare solo EV
*
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) is a regional transport partnership for the Strathclyde area of western Scotland. It is responsible for planning and coordinating regional transport, especially the public transport system in the are ...
runs battery-powered electric buses on one route in Glasgow, between George Square and the Transport Museum.
* Bristol: Route 72 from City Centre to Frenchay UWE campus
* Durham: Cathedral and City Centre loop
* Milton Keynes: Route 7
* Greater Manchester:
Stagecoach
A stagecoach is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses although some versions are draw ...
plans to buy 105 electric buses for use in the Greater Manchester area by 2020.
* Guildford introduced a fleet of electric buses on its Park and Ride services on 7 January 2019.
* Newcastle:
Go North East
Go North East operates both local and regional bus services in County Durham, Cumbria, Northumberland, North Yorkshire and Tyne and Wear, England. It was previously known as the Northern General Transport Company and Go-Ahead Northern. The compa ...
started operation of
Yutong
Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also covers areas of construction machinery, real estate, and other inve ...
E10s under the ''Voltra'' brand name on routes 53 and 54 in June 2021.
*Since July 2020,
National Express West Midlands
National Express West Midlands (NXWM) is a bus operator in the West Midlands that operates services in Birmingham, Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall, Wolverhampton, and Solihull, as well as limited routes outside of the general area of Birmingham, su ...
has been operating 19 fully electric ADL/BYD double deckers on the 6 route from Birmingham to Solihull, via Hall Green and Shirley
*Since August 2020,
National Express Coventry
National Express Coventry is a bus operator providing services in Coventry. It is a subsidiary of National Express operating on the operators licence of National Express West Midlands.
History
In October 1986 the bus operations of the West ...
has been operating 10 fully electric ADL/BYD double deckers on the 9/9A route between University Hospital and Finham, via Coventry rail station and Coventry Pool Meadow bus station.
Italy
*
Azienda Trasporti Bergamo —
Bergamo
Bergamo (; lmo, Bèrghem ; from the proto- Germanic elements *''berg +*heim'', the "mountain home") is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Como ...
, Italy
*
Gruppo Torinese Trasporti
The Gruppo Torinese Trasporti (GTT) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the provinces of Alessandria, Cuneo, Asti and the Metropolitan City of Turin. It was created in 2003 from the merge of ATM (''Azien ...
—
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
, Italy, uses small capacitor vehicles on two routes ("Star1" and "Star2") through city center since early 2000.
*
Azienda Trasporti Milanesi
The Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) is the municipal public transport company of Milan and 46 surrounding metropolitan municipalities. It operates 5 metro lines (see Milan Metro), 17 tram lines (see Trams in Milan), 121 bus lines and 4 trolleybu ...
, the company responsible for public transportation in
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, has ordered 250 electric buses in 2019, and plans to be fully electrified by 2030. As of 2019, there are 25 electric buses, 100 hybrid buses and 3 hydrogen buses in operation in the city.
Israel
* Israel has 78 electric buses, out of a fleet of ~13,000 buses
* Dan, a public transport operator in Tel Aviv launched e-bus operation on 15 September 2016 with five Chariot ultracapacitor e-buses on Route 4. After 2017, Dan put other four Chariot e-buses with 32kWh ultracapacitors into service. In late 2018 and 2020 it put 19 and 10 new ultracapacitor e-buses with 40 kWh ultracapacitors into service. By late 2020, 37 Chariot electric buses operated in Tel Aviv.
Lithuania
* Municipal public transport company
"Klaipėdos autobusų parkas",
Klaipėda
Klaipėda (; ; german: Memel; pl, Kłajpeda; russian: Клайпеда; sgs, Klaipieda) is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast. The capital of the eponymous county, it is the third largest city and the only major seaport in Lithuan ...
, started using locally produced
Dancer electric buses on Route 8 in April 2020.
* Municipal public transport company
"Kauno autobusai",
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai ...
, operates electric trolleybuses since 1965. As of April 2020, the company operated around 100
Solaris Trollino 12AC and several
Berkhof Premier AT18 Berkhof, Berkhoff or Berkoff may refer to:
* Berkoff (surname), a surname of Eastern European origin
* Berkhof or Berkhoff, a surname of Dutch and German origin
*VDL Berkhof, a Dutch manufacturer of buses
*, a town in Wedemark
Wedemark ( Eastphali ...
trolleybuses on a network of 17 lines.
* Municipal public transport company
"Tauragės autobusų parkas",
Tauragė
Tauragė (; see other names) is an industrial city in Lithuania, and the capital of Tauragė County. In 2020, its population was 21,520. Tauragė is situated on the Jūra River, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast, and not far from th ...
in March 2019 announced the acquisition of electric
Iveco Rosero 70C18 and
Solaris Urbino Electric buses. A total of 5 electric buses were launched on three suburban routes in early 2020.
* Municipal public transport company
"Susisiekimo paslaugos",
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...
, began using four
Karsan
Karsan ( tr, Karsan Otomotiv Sanayii ve Ticaret A.Ş. English: Karsan Automotive Industry and Trade Joint-Stock Company) is a Turkish commercial vehicles manufacturer, based in Akçalar, Nilüfer, Bursa Province. "Karsan" is an acronym for "Kar ...
Jest Electric buses on Route 89 in September 2019, making this route fully electric. This is an addition to the network of 19 routes, operated with 279 electric trolleybuses, mostly
Solaris Trollino 15AC,
Solaris Trollino IV 12,
Škoda 14Tr
The Škoda 14Tr is a Czech trolleybus that was produced from 1981 to 1998. Prototypes were built in 1972 and 1974.
After the unsuccessful attempt to merge the Karosa ŠM 11 bus and the Škoda T 11 trolleybus and the cancelled Škoda 13Tr projec ...
,
Škoda 14ТrМ,
Škoda 15Тr and
Amber Vilnis 12 AC, as of April 2020. Vilnius trolleybus network was launched in 1956.
Netherlands
The Netherlands has the most electric buses of any European country. At the end of 2019 the number had reached 770, or 15% of the entire Dutch fleet of 5,236 buses. This is expected to grow to 1,388 by the end of 2020. In the provinces of
Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...
and
Drenthe
Drenthe () is a province of the Netherlands located in the northeastern part of the country. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen to the north, and the German state of Lower Saxony to the east. As of Nov ...
47% of buses are electric, in
Limburg
Limburg or Limbourg may refer to:
Regions
* Limburg (Belgium), a province since 1839 in the Flanders region of Belgium
* Limburg (Netherlands), a province since 1839 in the south of the Netherlands
* Diocese of Limburg, Roman Catholic Diocese in ...
37% and in
North Holland
North Holland ( nl, Noord-Holland, ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. In November 2019, it had a ...
31%. The main manufacturers are
VDL (486 of the existing 770)
Ebusco
Ebusco is a Dutch manufacturer of electric buses and accompanying charging infrastructure.
History
Ebusco was founded in 2012 in Helmond. Here the workshop for two vehicles and the office were located in two different neighborhoods about 3 ...
(110),
Heuliez
Heuliez was a French company that worked as a production and design unit for various automakers. It specialized in producing short series for niche markets, such as convertibles or station-wagons.
The business activity ended on 31 October 2013. ...
(49) and
BYD (44). In 2015, the Dutch public transport authorities agreed to buy only emission-free buses from 2025 onwards, and to make the entire fleet emission-free by 2030.
=Amsterdam
=
In December 2018
GVB ordered 31 electric buses from VDL, with an option for 69 more buses. They entered service on 2 April 2020 on routes 15, 22 and 36, and are
* 9 Citeas SLF-120 Electric, with 216 kWh batteries
* 22 articulated Citeas SLFA-180 Electric, with 288 kWh batteries
The buses recharge through a pantograph from 31 8 MW Heliox fast chargers at the Garage West depot on Jan Tooropstraat and seven 45 kW chargers at
Sloterdijk station.
EBS (
Egged Bus Systems), which primarily serves Waterland to the north of Amsterdam, has also ordered 10 electric buses from VDL.
=Arnhem
=
Arnhem
Arnhem ( or ; german: Arnheim; South Guelderish: ''Èrnem'') is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands about 55 km south east of Utrecht. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of ...
has
the Netherlands's only trolleybus network, which opened in 1949 and operates 46 articulated buses on six routes.
=Eindhoven
=
On 11 December 2016 Hermes introduced 43 fully electric VDL 18-metre buses in
Eindhoven
Eindhoven () is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the southern province of North Brabant of which it is its largest. With a population of 238,326 on 1 January 2022,[Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...]
ordered 55 electric buses from VDL
and in 2019 obtained a
European Investment Bank
The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the EU Member States. It is one of the largest supranational lenders in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions ...
loan to buy a further 105 electric and 103 hybrids.
=Schiphol
=
Since March 2018, 100 VDL Citea articulated electric buses operated by
Connexxion
Connexxion is a large Public transport in the Netherlands, public transport company in the Netherlands, operating in the west, middle, east and southwest parts of the country. It is owned by Transdev and Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten. It is a subs ...
have served
Schiphol airport
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( nl, Luchthaven Schiphol, ), is the main international airport of the Netherlands. It is located southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province ...
. The buses have a battery capacity of 170 kWh and a range of 80 kilometres. They are charged during the day by Heliox 450 kW fast chargers, taking between 15 and 25 minutes. Overnight, 30 kW slow charges take 4–5 hours. They are powered by
100% renewable energy
100% renewable energy means getting all energy from renewable resources. The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating, cooling and transport is motivated by climate change, pollution and other environmental issues, ...
, from wind power and solar panels at the depots. The buses serve two different networks:
*
R-net
The main public transport in the Netherlands for longer distances is by train. Long-distance buses are limited to a few missing railway connections. Regional and local public transport is by bus, and in some cities by metro and tram. There are also ...
: routes 242, 342, 347 and 347 with a total length of 78 km
*
Schipholnet: routes 180, 181, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 194, 195, 198, 199 and 287.
Since 2016 a fleet of 35 BYD 12-metre battery buses has provided airfield services.
=Utrecht
=
In Utrecht,
Qbuzz
Qbuzz is a public transport company in the Netherlands that operates services in South Holland, Utrecht, Drenthe and Groningen. Founded in 2008, it was a 100% subsidiary of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (the Dutch National Railway Operator) between 2 ...
has operated electric buses since 2017.
=Waddeneilanden
=
In April 2013 six all-electric BYD buses operated on the island of
Schiermonnikoog
Schiermonnikoog (; fry, ) is an island, a municipality and national park in the Northern Netherlands. Schiermonnikoog is one of the West Frisian Islands, and is part of the province of Friesland. It is situated between the islands of Ameland a ...
. Arriva started running 16 electric buses on Vlieland, Ameland and Schiermonnikoog.
Poland
*
Kraków (Cracow): In January 2016, first 2
Solaris Urbino 12 electric buses were delivered by
Solaris Bus & Coach
Solaris Bus & Coach is a Polish producer of public transport vehicles (buses, trolleybuses and trams), with its headquarters in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a subsidiary of Spanish CAF. Solaris owns four production sites: its main fact ...
. In September 2016, further 4
Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE electric Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE electric is a low-entry electric city bus, that debuted in autumn 2011. It was produced by the company Solaris Bus & Coach S.A. from Bolechowo near Poznań. Its design is based on the Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE. It was the first ...
buses were delivered by the same manufacturer. A roadside charger was installed at a bus stop on Pawia street.
*
Warszawa (Warsaw): In June 2015, Solaris Bus & Coach delivered 10 Solaris Urbino 12 electric buses. They are running on route 222. A further 20 electric buses are on order, first 10, manufactured by
Ursus Bus
Ursus Bus is a Polish bus, coach, trolleybus manufacturer based in Lublin, Poland. The company was founded in 2015 by URSUS S.A. and AMZ-KUTNO S.A.
Products
Current electric models
* Ursus Ekovolt - low-floor 12m electric city bus
* Ursus ...
, due to be delivered in summer of 2017 and further 10 Solaris Urbino 12 electrics by end of March 2018. There are also plans to purchase further 130 electric buses by 2020. 19 termini will be equipped with chargers, allowing buses to be topped-up using roof-mounted pantographs.
*
Zielona Góra
Zielona Góra is the largest city in Lubusz Voivodeship, located in western Poland, with 140,403 inhabitants (2021). Zielona Góra has a favourable geographical position, being close to the Polish-German border and on several international road ...
: In October 2017 MZK Zielona Góra order 47 electric buses
Ursus City Smile 12E
Ursus is Latin for bear. It may also refer to:
Animals
* ''Ursus'' (mammal), a genus of bears
People
* Ursus of Aosta, 6th-century evangelist
* Ursus of Auxerre, 6th-century bishop
* Ursus of Solothurn, 3rd-century martyr
* Ursus (''praefectus ...
manufactured by
Ursus Bus
Ursus Bus is a Polish bus, coach, trolleybus manufacturer based in Lublin, Poland. The company was founded in 2015 by URSUS S.A. and AMZ-KUTNO S.A.
Products
Current electric models
* Ursus Ekovolt - low-floor 12m electric city bus
* Ursus ...
.
*
Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola () is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 58,545 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2021. It is located in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. The city lies in historic Lesser Polan ...
: In September 2017 ZMKS Stalowa Wola order 10 electric buses
Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE electric Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE electric is a low-entry electric city bus, that debuted in autumn 2011. It was produced by the company Solaris Bus & Coach S.A. from Bolechowo near Poznań. Its design is based on the Solaris Urbino 8,9 LE. It was the first ...
manufactured by
Solaris Bus & Coach
Solaris Bus & Coach is a Polish producer of public transport vehicles (buses, trolleybuses and trams), with its headquarters in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a subsidiary of Spanish CAF. Solaris owns four production sites: its main fact ...
.
As of 2022, around 700 electric buses—not counting
trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
es—from different manufacturers are operated in Poland, and there are plans to obtain another few hundred. The largest fleets are located in
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
(162 buses),
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
(78 buses),
Poznań
Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John ...
(59 buses),
Jaworzno
Jaworzno is a city in southern Poland, near Katowice. It lies in the Silesian Highlands, on the Przemsza river (a tributary of the Vistula). Jaworzno belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland. The city is situated in the Silesian Voivod ...
(44 buses) and
Zielona Góra
Zielona Góra is the largest city in Lubusz Voivodeship, located in western Poland, with 140,403 inhabitants (2021). Zielona Góra has a favourable geographical position, being close to the Polish-German border and on several international road ...
(43 buses). Trolleybuses operate in
Gdynia
Gdynia ( ; ; german: Gdingen (currently), (1939–1945); csb, Gdiniô, , , ) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With a population of 243,918, it is the List of cities in Poland, 12th-largest city in Poland and ...
,
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of t ...
and
Tychy
Tychy (Polish pronunciation: ; german: Tichau; szl, Tychy) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, approximately south of Katowice. Situated on the southern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district, the city boders Katowice to the north, ...
, with around 250–300 in service.
Romania
*
Cluj-Napoca
; hu, kincses város)
, official_name=Cluj-Napoca
, native_name=
, image_skyline=
, subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County
, subdivision_name1 = Cluj County
, subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status
, subdivision_name2 ...
: In May 2018,
Solaris Bus & Coach
Solaris Bus & Coach is a Polish producer of public transport vehicles (buses, trolleybuses and trams), with its headquarters in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a subsidiary of Spanish CAF. Solaris owns four production sites: its main fact ...
delivered 11 Solaris Urbino 12 electric buses to the local operator CTP Cluj,
Cluj-Napoca
; hu, kincses város)
, official_name=Cluj-Napoca
, native_name=
, image_skyline=
, subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County
, subdivision_name1 = Cluj County
, subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status
, subdivision_name2 ...
becoming the first city in
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
to use
battery-electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laborato ...
es in public transport. (Electric buses in the form of
trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
es were already in use in Cluj and several other Romanian cities.) Another 19 buses are expected to be delivered in the future. The municipality's mayor,
Emil Boc
Emil Boc (; born 6 September 1966) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 22 December 2008 until 6 February 2012 and is the current Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, the largest city of Transylvania, where he was first elected in Ju ...
, announced that Cluj will have a fully electric public transport system by 2025.
Russia
![LiAZ-6274 on line T74 in Moscow 2019](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/LiAZ-6274_on_line_T74_in_Moscow_2019.jpg)
* In 2014 battery-powered trolleybuses started operating in
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk ( rus, Челя́бинск, p=tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk, a=Ru-Chelyabinsk.ogg; ba, Силәбе, ''Siläbe'') is the administrative center and largest city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the seventh-largest city in Russia, with a ...
. The remodeled vehicles can run up to 30 km on routes that lack wires.
* In 2018 electric buses were introduced in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
. The city government has signed contracts with
GAZ
GAZ or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (russian: ГАЗ or Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, , Gorky Automobile Plant) is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Го ...
and
Kamaz automobile companies to supply the city with 200 fast-charging electric buses. After 2021, only electric vehicles are to be purchased. With the purchase of the 100th electric bus in May 2019, Moscow became the city with Europe's largest electric bus fleet. As of March 2022, over 1000 electric buses are in operation in Moscow. Drive Electro company had provided batteries for 400 out of those 600 electric busses.
* Russian based Electric bus manufactures are
LiAZ
LiAZ () is a bus manufacturing company located in Likino-Dulyovo, Russia. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary of GAZ. Specializes in designing and manufacturing buses large and extra large class (length 10.5 m and +).
Starting in 2015, th ...
(GAZ Group),
Trolza
Trolza (russian: ZАО "Троллейбусный завод" (Тролза)), formerly known as the Uritsky factory or simply Uritsky,Bushell, Chris; and Stonham, Peter (eds.) (1987). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1987'', pp. 603–605. ...
(PC Transport Systems) and
Kamaz.
Serbia
* In 2016
GSP Belgrade
GSP Belgrade ( sr, / ) is a public transit company in the city of Belgrade. As of 2018, it operates with 170 lines and has 1,611 active vehicles.
Name
The acronym "GSP" stands for ''Gradsko saobraćajno preduzeće'' ( sr-Cyrl, Градско с ...
, the public transport operator of city of
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
, launched dedicated electric bus line equipped exclusively with 5 electric buses, delivered by Chariot Motors. The line has a total length of 7.9 kilometres one-way and 13 bus stops.
* In 2022, the Belgrade public transport operator GSP Beograd put its 10 new Chariot e-buses into commercial operation, delivered by Chariot Motors and DAT holding.
Spain
*
Empresa Malagueña de Transportes (EMT), S.A.M
*
Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid
The Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid (also known as EMT Madrid) is the company charged with the planning of public urban transport in the city in Madrid, Spain. The organization is wholly owned by the City Council of Madrid and is a me ...
20 all-electric and 20 hybrid
diesel-electric buses and since February 2017 one Iziar ie2.
* Councillor for the Environment,
Figueres
Figueres (, ; , es, Figueras, ) is the capital of the ''comarca'' of Alt Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dalí, a large museu ...
*
León:
Minibus
A minibus, microbus, minicoach, or commuter (in Zimbabwe) is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, th ...
Tecnobus Gulliver in
El Ejido
El Ejido () is a municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It is located 32 km from Almería with a surface area of 227 km2, and as reported in 2014 had 84,144 inhabitants. El Ejido is the centre of prod ...
*
Seville
Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...
Sweden
*
Västtrafik
Västtrafik is the agency responsible for public transport services involving buses, ferries, trains, and the Gothenburg tram network in the county of Västra Götaland, Sweden (plus Kungsbacka Municipality). It was established with the Västra G ...
is running 10 electric
Volvo
The Volvo Group ( sv, Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distributio ...
buses in Gothenburg on route 55
* is running a fleet of electric
Solaris
Solaris may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Literature, television and film
* ''Solaris'' (novel), a 1961 science fiction novel by Stanisław Lem
** ''Solaris'' (1968 film), directed by Boris Nirenburg
** ''Solaris'' (1972 film), directed by ...
buses in
Västerås
Västerås ( , , ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Mälaren, Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland, west of Stockholm. The city had a population of 127,799 at the end of 2019, out of the municipal total of 154,049.
Västerås ...
on route 1 to 7
Switzerland
![Tosa ets palexpo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Tosa_ets_palexpo.jpg)
* transport public genève (tpg) introduce
TOSA Flash Mobility, Clean City, Smart Bus
The TOSA concept and test bus is a full large capacity urban battery electric bus system built by Carrosserie Hess and developed together with ABB Sécheron, a subsidiary of ABB.
Aim of the concept and project
The aim is to provide a zero local ...
a new system of mass transport with electric “flash” recharging of the buses at selected bus stops.
North America
Canada
=British Columbia
=
*
Vancouver electric buses have been in operation since 1948,
TransLink Translink (or TransLink) may refer to:
* TransLink (British Columbia), the public transport operator in Vancouver, Canada
* Translink (Northern Ireland)
Translink is the brand name of the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company (NITHCo), a ...
operates 260 of them.
*
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada
* Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory
* Victoria, Seychelle ...
– CVS Tours currently deploys North America's first all-electric double decker bus made by
GreenPower Motor Company
GreenPower Motor Company Inc. is a Canadian electric bus manufacturer and distributor in North America. The company fabricates multiple zero-emission models, including transit buses, school buses, and double decker buses. GreenPower headquarter ...
.
=Ontario
=
*
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
(Proterra,
New Flyer
New Flyer is a Canadian multinational Bus manufacturing, bus manufacturer, specializing in the production of transit buses. New Flyer is owned by the NFI Group, a holding company for several bus manufacturers. New Flyer has several manufacturing ...
, BYD)
*
Windsor
Windsor may refer to:
Places Australia
* Windsor, New South Wales
** Municipality of Windsor, a former local government area
* Windsor, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland
**Shire of Windsor, a former local government authority around Wi ...
(BYD)
=Québec
=
*
Réseau de transport de la Capitale
The Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC), brand name for ''Société de transport de Québec'', provides urban public transit services in the Quebec City area. It was founded in 2002, continuing the operations of the former Société de tran ...
,
Quebec City
Quebec City ( or ; french: Ville de Québec), officially Québec (), is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Communauté métrop ...
's public transit authority has integrated 8 electric buses to its fleet in 2008 to serve the
Old City Old City often refers to old town, the historic or original core of a city or town.
Old City may refer to several places:
Historical cities or regions of cities
''(by country)''
*Old City (Baku), Azerbaijan
* Old City (Dhaka), Bangladesh, also ca ...
. The Tecnobus Gulliver buses can carry up to 20 passengers and runs on $3.25 worth of electricity per day.
*
Société de transport de Montréal
The Société de transport de Montréal (STM; en, Montreal Transit Corporation) is a public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Ra ...
,
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
, bus fleet going all-electric or hybrid by 2029. 2017 – Cité-Mobilité project : 7 electric bus on line 36 with high-speed charging.
United States
About 650 electric buses were on the road in the US in 2019, about double the 300 estimated to be in use the previous year.
In November 2019, orders for new electric buses had outpaced manufacturing capacity.
The 2021
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill and originally in the House as the INVEST in America ActH.R. 3684, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 117th United States Congress ...
included $2.5 billion in funding for electric school buses, to be distributed over five years.
By June 2022, there were commitments to 12,275 electric school buses in 38 states.
A 2022 study by National Grid and Hitachi Energy indicates that installing charging infrastructure for fleet electrification will require location-specific upgrades to the US
electrical grid
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:Kaplan, S. M. (2009). Smart Grid. Electrical Power ...
.
Cities using electric buses include:
*
Anaheim, CA
Anaheim ( ) is a city in northern Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a population of 346,824, making it the most populous city in Orange County, the 10th-most p ...
*
Atlanta, GA
Atlanta ( ) is the capital city, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georgia, Fulton County, the mos ...
(at
Emory University
Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as "Emory College" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of ...
)
*
Cambridge, MA
Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston ...
(with the 71, 72, 73, and some 77 busses to and from
Harvard Square
Harvard Square is a triangular plaza at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street and John F. Kennedy Street near the center of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The term "Harvard Square" is also used to delineate the busin ...
)
*
Chattanooga, TN
Chattanooga ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. Located along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia, it also extends into Marion County on its western end. With a population of 181,099 in 2020, ...
–
CARTA Downtown Electric Shuttle
*
Colorado Springs, CO
Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality in, and the county seat of, El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is the largest city in El Paso County, with a population of 478,961 at the 2020 United States Census, a 15.02% increase since ...
*
Dallas, TX
Dallas () is the third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County wit ...
*
Dayton, OH
Dayton () is the sixth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County. A small part of the city extends into Greene County. The 2020 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 137,644, while Greater Day ...
*
Denver, CO
Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the United ...
–
RDT Free MallRide
*
Frederick, MD
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north–south Native A ...
*
Greenville, SC
Greenville (; locally ) is a city in and the seat of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. With a population of 70,720 at the 2020 census, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. Greenville is located approximately halfway be ...
*
Gulfport, MS
Gulfport is the second-largest city in Mississippi after the state capital, Jackson. Along with Biloxi, Gulfport is the co-county seat of Harrison County and the larger of the two principal cities of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan ...
, with Mississippi's first electric bus in 2019
*
Hampton, VA
Hampton () is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 137,148. It is the 7th most populous city in Virginia and 204th most populous city in the nation. Hampton i ...
*
Indianapolis, IN
Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion ...
*
Lexington, KY
Lexington is a city in Kentucky, United States that is the county seat of Fayette County. By population, it is the second-largest city in Kentucky and 57th-largest city in the United States. By land area, it is the country's 28th-largest ...
*
Los Angeles, CA
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
*
Louisville, KY
Louisville ( , , ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 28th most-populous city in the United States. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border.
...
*
Miami Beach, FL
Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which sep ...
*
Mobile, AL
Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population within the city limits was 187,041 at the 2020 census, down from 195,111 at the 2010 census. It is the fourth-most-populous city in Alabama, ...
*
Nashville, TN
Nashville is the capital city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat, seat of Davidson County, Tennessee, Davidson County. With a population of 689,447 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. census, Nashville is the List of muni ...
*
New Haven, CT
New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,023 ...
*
New York, NY
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
*
Pomona, CA
Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 151,713. The main campus of California State Polytech ...
*
Portland, ME
Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County. Portland's population was 68,408 in April 2020. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, the 104th-largest metropol ...
, received funding for Maine's first electric buses, operational 2021
*
Portland, OR
Portland (, ) is a port city in the Pacific Northwest and the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers, Portland is the county seat of Multnomah County, the most populous cou ...
, introduced on line 62
*
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
*
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay ...
The Rhode Island Public Transit Authority
RIPTA
The Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) provides public transportation, primarily buses, in the state of Rhode Island. The main hub of the RIPTA system is Kennedy Plaza, a large bus terminal in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. In 202 ...
is currently testing 3 electric buses on various routes around Providence.
*
Reno, NV
Reno ( ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the ...
*
Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Barbara ( es, Santa Bárbara, meaning "Saint Barbara") is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coas ...
*
San Antonio, TX
("Cradle of Freedom")
, image_map =
, mapsize = 220px
, map_caption = Interactive map of San Antonio
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = United States
, subdivision_type1= State
, subdivision_name1 = Texas
, subdivision_t ...
*
San Diego, CA
San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States ...
*
San Francisco, CA
San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...
, where electric trolleybuses are already commonplace on most
SF Muni routes.
*
Seattle, WA
Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of ...
, which has a
trolleybus network of its own.
*
Seneca, SC
*
Stockton, CA
Stockton is a city in and the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California. Stockton was founded by Carlos Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses. The city is named after Ro ...
*
Tallahassee, FL
Tallahassee ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2020, the population ...
*
Worcester, MA
Worcester ( , ) is a city and county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Named after Worcester, England, the city's population was 206,518 at the 2020 census, making it the second-most populous city in New England after Bo ...
*
Wichita, KS
Wichita ( ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Sedgwick County. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 397,532. The Wichita metro area had a population of 647,610 in 2020. It is located in ...
= California
=
Since 2000, the
California Air Resources Board
The California Air Resources Board (CARB or ARB) is the "clean air agency" of the government of California. Established in 1967 when then-governor Ronald Reagan signed the Mulford-Carrell Act, combining the Bureau of Air Sanitation and the Motor ...
has had a Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies, which requires transit agencies to reduce emissions. In 2018 it issued the
Innovative Clean Transit rule
The Innovative Clean Transit Rule (ICT) is a regulation promulgated by the California Air Resources Board which requires public transit agencies in the state of California to shift their bus fleets to zero emissions buses (ZEB), either electric bu ...
, which requires all new transit buses purchased after 2029 to be zero-emissions buses.
Long Beach, California
Long Beach is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 466,742 as of 2020. A charter city, Long Beach is the seventh-most populous city in California.
Incorporate ...
and the
Antelope Valley Transit Authority
Antelope Valley Transit Authority is the transit agency serving the cities of Palmdale, Lancaster and Northern Los Angeles County. Antelope Valley Transit Authority is operated under contract by MV Transportation, and is affiliated with and offers ...
charge some of their buses on special
wireless
Wireless communication (or just wireless, when the context allows) is the transfer of information between two or more points without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided medium for the transfer. The most ...
charging pads located along bus routes.
By 2019, more than 200 e-buses were in service in California. Several hundred more e-buses for California were in backlogged orders.
Total operating cost per mile
NREL
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the US specializes in the research and development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy systems integration, and sustainable transportation. NREL is a federally funded research and d ...
publishes zero-emission bus evaluation results from various commercial operators. NREL published following total operating cost per mile: with
County Connection
The County Connection (officially, the Central Contra Costa Transit Authority, CCCTA) is a Concord-based public transit agency operating fixed-route bus and ADA paratransit (County Connection LINK) service in and around central Contra Costa County ...
, for June 2017 through May 2018, for an 8-vehicle diesel bus fleet, the total operating cost per mile was $0.84; for a 4-vehicle electric bus fleet, $1.11; with
Long Beach Transit
Long Beach Transit (LBT) is a municipal transit company providing fixed and flexible bus transit services in Long Beach, California, United States, in other communities in south and southeast Los Angeles County, and northwestern Orange County. Lo ...
, for 2018, for a 10-vehicle electric bus fleet, $0.85; and with
Foothill Transit
Foothill Transit is a public transit agency that is government funded by 22 member cities in the San Gabriel and Pomona valleys. It operates a fixed-route bus public transit service in the San Gabriel Valley region of eastern Los Angeles Cou ...
, for 2018, for a 12-vehicle electric bus fleet, $0.84.
= States without plans for e-buses
=
In 2019, "only five states, Arkansas, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota and West Virginia, ...
adno transit agencies planning to operate electric buses or hydrogen fuel cell buses."
Oceania
Australia
=Australian Capital Territory
=
* In September 2017, Transport Canberra began operating two electric buses based at their Tuggeranong depot.
* In December 2020, the reelected ALP government announced that it would purchase 90 new electric buses for in 2021 with the aim to have Canberra's entire bus fleet converted to electric by 2024. Upgrades to bus depots would be completed during this time with Woden bus depot being the first to be upgraded.
=New South Wales
=
* In 2016
Sydney Airport
Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport (colloquially Mascot Airport, Kingsford Smith Airport, or Sydney Airport; ; ) is an international airport in Sydney, Australia, located 8 km (5 mi) south of the Sydney central business district, in the ...
procured a fleet of six BYD electric buses to replace its diesel car park shuttles.
*
Transport for New South Wales
Transport for NSW, sometimes abbreviated to TfNSW, and pronounced as Transport for New South Wales, is an agency of the New South Wales Government established on 1 November 2011, and is the leading transport and roads agency in New South Wales, ...
began a trial of electric buses on the South Coast before conducting a more expansive trial in region 4 in Sydney in 2019.
* In December 2020, the NSW government announced that it would roll out 120 electric buses across Sydney in 2021. Transport minister
Andrew Constance
Andrew James Constance (born 31 October 1973) is a former Australian politician and was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Bega for the Liberal Party between 2003 and December 2021.
Constance served as the New S ...
also announced a goal to transition the entire state's 8000 strong bus fleet to battery electric by 2030.
* Sydney, November, 2021: A new rollout of zero emissions buses has begun as part of an ARENA-supported project. The buses will be charged from a solar array installed on the roof of the Leichhardt depot, storing energy in onboard batteries capable of holding up to ten times as much energy as an electric car.
=Queensland
=
* Brisbane's new
Brisbane Metro
Brisbane Metro is a future high-frequency bus rapid transit system, servicing Brisbane, Australia. It will consist of two routes that will each service the Brisbane central business district every three minutes during peak times (20vph), tran ...
rapid bus system will use a fleet of 60 bi-articulated electric buses that visually resemble light rail vehicles. These buses will be supplied by Swiss-based manufacturer
Carrosserie Hess
Carrosserie HESS AG is a bus, trolleybus and commercial vehicle manufacturer based in Bellach, Switzerland. Their products can be found operating in several countries, including the United States and Canada.
History
The company was founded in 18 ...
.
=Western Australia
=
* In July 2020, the WA government announced that it would trial four Volvo electric buses on Perth's Joondalup CAT bus route.
=Victoria
=
* Melbourne's first fully electric bus began carrying passengers on Route 246 between Elsternwick and Clifton Hill in October 2019. The body construction and fit out for the new bus was carried out in Dandenong by
Volgren
Volgren is an Australian bus and coach body manufacturer.
History
Volvo Buses, VolGrenda Corporation, gren was formed in 1977 by Melbourne bus operator Grenda Corporation in Dandenong, Victoria. Because Grenda held the Volvo Buses dealership i ...
.
New Zealand
* In April 2018,
Auckland Transport
Auckland Transport (AT) is the council-controlled organisation (CCO) of Auckland Council responsible for transport projects and services. It was established by section 38 of the Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009, and operates under ...
began a trial with two electric
Alexander Dennis Enviro200
The Alexander Dennis Enviro200 (previously known as the TransBus Enviro200) is a midibus that was manufactured by TransBus International and later Alexander Dennis between 2003 and 2018. The original TransBus Enviro200 design was innovative but ...
buses. These buses run on the City Link service around Auckland's central business district. The trial continues as of February 2019.
* In July 2018, Tranzurban introduced 10 electric double Decker buses in Wellington. 22 more buses are expected to be in service by 2021. NZ Bus have ordered 67 single Decker buses which will enter service between 2021 and 2023.
* In June 2019,
Red Bus introduced three
Alexander Dennis Enviro200
The Alexander Dennis Enviro200 (previously known as the TransBus Enviro200) is a midibus that was manufactured by TransBus International and later Alexander Dennis between 2003 and 2018. The original TransBus Enviro200 design was innovative but ...
bodied
BYD K9
The BYD K-series bus (sometimes just referred to as the BYD ebus or BYD electric bus) are a line of battery electric buses manufactured by the Chinese automaker BYD, powered with its self-developed lithium iron phosphate battery, featuring a ty ...
electric buses for use on the 29 Airport route.
South America
Aruba
*
Oranjestad (BYD)
Brazil
*
Sao Paulo
SAO or Sao may refer to:
Places
* Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD
* Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso
* Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S ...
(BYD)
*
Campinas
Campinas (, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows'') is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,213,792, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian ...
(BYD)
*
Sao Jose dos Campos
SAO or Sao may refer to:
Places
* Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD
* Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso
* Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S ...
(BYD)
Chile
*
Santiago
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...
(BYD)
["BYD K9 Electric Buses Drive in San Diego-news-www.chinabuses.org". Chinabuses.org. Retrieved 26 October 2012.]
*
Valparaiso (BYD)
Colombia
*
Bogota Transmilenio
TransMilenio is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system that serves Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, and Soacha. The system opened to the public in December 2000, covering Avenida Caracas, Caracas Avenue and 80 street. Other lines were added gradually ...
and the
Sistema Integrado de Transporte de Bogotá
AFK Sistema PAO is a large Russian conglomerate company, founded by Vladimir Yevtushenkov, who was chairman of the corporation's board of directors until 2022. In April, Yevtushenkov's shareholding in Sistema has decreased to 49.2%, and he also ...
with 1485 electric buses of (
BYD and
Yutong
Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also covers areas of construction machinery, real estate, and other inve ...
) becomes the city in the world with the most electric buses outside of the People's Republic of China.
Uruguay
*
Montevideo
Montevideo () is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . M ...
(BYD x 200 vehicles)
["BYD bringing electric buses to Uruguay; targeting more than 500 by 2015". Green Car Congress. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-26.]
See also
*
Battery electric bus
A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laborato ...
*
Battery electric vehicle
A battery electric vehicle (BEV), pure electric vehicle, only-electric vehicle, fully electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that exclusively uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, wi ...
*
Capa vehicle
A capacitor electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses supercapacitors (also called ultracapacitors) to store electricity.
, the best ultracapacitors can only store about 5% of the energy that lithium-ion rechargeable batteries can, limiting them ...
*
Electric truck
An electric truck is an electric vehicle Electric-vehicle battery, powered by batteries designed to transport cargo, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work.
Electric trucks have serviced niche applications like milk flo ...
*
Electric vehicle
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes cha ...
*
Electromote
The Electromote was the world's first vehicle run like a trolleybus, which was first presented to the public on April 29, 1882, by its inventor Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens in Halensee, a suburb of Berlin, Germany.
In 1847, Siemens told his broth ...
*
Gyrobus
A gyrobus is an electric bus that uses flywheel energy storage, not overhead wires like a trolleybus. The name comes from the Greek language term for flywheel, ''gyros''.
While there are no gyrobuses currently in use commercially, development in ...
*
List of buses
Year refers to the first year introduced. A range of years is the period the bus was manufactured.
#
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
...
*
List of electric bus makers and models
List of electric bus makers lists makers of battery-powered all-electric buses. Makers of trolleybuses are listed separately at List of trolleybus manufacturers.
Current
* ABB TOSA Flash Mobility, Clean City, Smart Bus, Geneva, Switzer ...
*
Online electric vehicle
*
Plug-in hybrid
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...
*
Solar bus
A solar bus or solar-charged bus is a bus that is powered exclusively or mainly by solar energy. Solar-powered bus service is referred to as a solar bus service. The use of the term "solar bus" normally implies that solar energy is used not only ...
*
Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
*
Vehicle Automation:Passenger Shuttles
*
Wrightspeed
Revo Powertrains is an electric vehicle powertrain company based in Alameda, California founded by Tesla co-founder Ian Wright.
The name Revo Powertrains is a Fictitious Business Name filed with Alameda County, California by Wrightspeed, Inc. (a ...
References
External links
New electric buses roll out on Sydney streets Citytransport.
Clean Air Initiative (CAI),
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...
The Electric Tbus GroupSustainable Bus
{{Alternative propulsion
Buses by type