The duduk ( ; hy, դուդուկ ) or tsiranapogh ( hy, ծիրանափող, meaning “apricot-made wind instrument”), is an ancient Armenian

double reed A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. In contrast with a single reed instrument, where the instrument is played by channeling air against one piece of cane which vibrates against the mouthpiece and c ...

woodwind instrument made of

apricot An apricot (, ) is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus ''Prunus''. Usually, an apricot is from the species '' P. armeniaca'', but the fruits of the other species in ''Prunus'' sect. ''Armeniaca'' are also ...

wood. It is indigenous to Armenia. Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the Caucasus and the Middle East, including Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, and Iran. Duduk,

Balaban Balaban may refer to: Places Azerbaijan * Balaxanı, Azerbaijan, formerly Balaban Iran * Balaban, Khoy (Persian: , ''Balabān'') * Balaban, Piranshahr (Persian: , ''Bālābān'') Syria * Balaban ( ar, بلابان, Bālābān) is a village ...

, and Mey are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE MEY, BALABAN AND DUDUK AS ORGANOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
/ref> It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called ''dum'', and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the

English horn The cor anglais (, or original ; plural: ''cors anglais''), or English horn in North America, is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe, making it essentially an alto ...

than the oboe or

bassoon The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuo ...

. Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or shawm, the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size. UNESCO proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008. Duduk music has been used in a number of films, most notably in '' The Russia House'' and ''

Gladiator A gladiator ( la, gladiator, "swordsman", from , "sword") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals. Some gla ...

''.

Etymology

The word ''düdük'' is of

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

origin (

Ottoman Turkish Ottoman Turkish ( ota, لِسانِ عُثمانى, Lisân-ı Osmânî, ; tr, Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language used by the citizens of the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extens ...

: دودوك ''düdük''), itself derived from Persian ''tutak''. In Armenia, the instrument is also known as ''tsiranapogh'' (ծիրանափող). This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, Balkan duduk). Similar instruments used in other parts of Western Asia are the '' mey'' and ''

balaban Balaban may refer to: Places Azerbaijan * Balaxanı, Azerbaijan, formerly Balaban Iran * Balaban, Khoy (Persian: , ''Balabān'') * Balaban, Piranshahr (Persian: , ''Bālābān'') Syria * Balaban ( ar, بلابان, Bālābān) is a village ...

''.

Overview

The duduk is a

instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that. The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged

wood. The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. In the twentieth century, the Armenian duduk began to be standardized

diatonic Diatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize Scale (music), scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, Interval (music), intervals, Chord (music), chords, Musical note, notes, musical sty ...

in scale and single-

octave In music, an octave ( la, octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the diapason) is the interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been refer ...

in range.

Accidentals In music, an accidental is a note of a pitch (or pitch class) that is not a member of the scale or mode indicated by the most recently applied key signature. In musical notation, the sharp (), flat (), and natural () symbols, among others, ma ...

, or chromatics are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed (Armenian: եղեգն, ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' ( դուդուկահար) in Armenian. The performer uses air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This "circular" breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East. Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second ''dum duduk'', which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk." Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk

History

Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old. Variants of the duduk can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king

Tigran the Great Tigranes II, more commonly known as Tigranes the Great ( hy, Տիգրան Մեծ, ''Tigran Mets''; grc, Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας ''Tigránes ho Mégas''; la, Tigranes Magnus) (140 – 55 BC) was King of Armenia under whom the ...

, who reigned from 95 to 55 B.C. According to ethnomusicologist Dr.

Jonathan McCollum Jonathan McCollum, Professor of Music at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, is an ethnomusicologist and performer on the Japanese shakuhachi, trombone, and bass trombone. He is the founding Chair of the Historical Ethnomusicology sect ...

, the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."

Balkan duduk

While "duduk" most commonly refers to the

instrument described on this page, by coincidence there is a different instrument of the same name played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute resembling the Serbian frula, known also as

kaval The kaval is a chromatic end-blown flute traditionally played throughout the Balkans (in Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Southern Serbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Northern Greece, and elsewhere) and Anatolia (including Turkey and Armenia). The ka ...

or kavalče in a part of Macedonia, and as duduk ( дудук) in northwest Bulgaria. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: and (duduce). The blocked end is flat.

In popular culture

The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with

Peter Gabriel Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and activist. He rose to fame as the original lead singer of the progressive rock band Genesis. After leaving Genesis in 1975, he launched ...

's score for Martin Scorsese's '' The Last Temptation of Christ'', the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in ''

'', '' Syriana'', and ''

Blood Diamond ''Blood Diamond'' is a 2006 American political war action thriller film directed and co-produced by Edward Zwick and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Connelly, and Djimon Hounsou. The title refers to blood diamonds, which are diamonds min ...

'', among others. It was also used extensively in ''

Battlestar Galactica ''Battlestar Galactica'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson. The franchise began with the Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series), original television series in 1978, and was followed by a short-run sequel se ...

''. In the TV series '' Avatar: The Last Airbender'', its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious ''Tsungi horn'', most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on ATLA now working on ''

The Dragon Prince ''The Dragon Prince'', also known as ''The Dragon Prince: Mystery of Aaravos'' after the release of season 4, is a fantasy computer-animated television series created for Netflix by Aaron Ehasz and Justin Richmond, produced by Wonderstorm and ...

'', the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in '' The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute and in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation ''

Game of Thrones ''Game of Thrones'' is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It is an adaptation of ''A Song of Ice and Fire'', a series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, the first ...

''. Armenia's entry in the

2010 Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the 55th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Oslo, Norway, following the country's victory at the with the song "Fairytale" by Alexander Rybak. Organised by the European Broadcasting U ...

, "

Apricot Stone Armenia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song "Apricot Stone" written by Armen Martirosyan and Karen Kavaleryan. The song was performed by Eva Rivas. The Armenian entry for the 2010 contest in Oslo, Norway was selected th ...

," featured Armenian musician

Djivan Gasparyan Djivan Gasparyan (var. Jivan Gasparyan; hy, Ջիվան Գասպարյան, ; October 12, 1928 – July 6, 2021) was an Armenian musician and composer. He played the duduk, a double reed woodwind instrument related to the orchestral oboe. Gaspary ...

playing the duduk.

Film soundtracks

The duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere". * ''Ararat'' (2002) by Mychael Danna * ''Avatar'' (2009) by James Horner, in the track ''Shutting Down Grace's Lab'' * ''Bedtime Stories'' (2008) by Rupert Gregson-Williams * ''Brotherhood of the Wolf'' (2001) by

Joseph LoDuca Joseph LoDuca (born 1958) is an American television and film score composer best known for his work writing television scores for the series ''Spartacus'', ''Leverage'', ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'', '' Xena: Warrior Princess'', ''Young ...

* ''Chilean Gothic'' (2000) by

Fractal In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension. Many fractals appear similar at various scales, as illu ...

* ''Constantine'' (2005) by

Brian Tyler Brian Theodore Tyler (born May 8, 1972) is an American composer, conductor, arranger, and record producer, best known for his film, television, and video game scores. In his 24-year career, Tyler has scored '' Transformers: Prime'', ''Eagle E ...

, Klaus Badelt, in the track ''Circle of Hell'' * ''The Crow'' (1994) by Graeme Revell featuring the duduk player

* ''Dead Man Walking'' (1995) by David Robbins * ''Elektra'' (2005) by Christophe Beck * ''Dune'' (2021) by Pedro Eustache * ''Gladiator'' (2000) by

in the track ''Duduk of the North'' * ''Hotel Rwanda'' (2004) main theme music"Hotel Rwanda Film Music" * ''

Hulk The Hulk is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in the debut issue of ''The Incredible Hulk (comic book), The Incredible Hulk' ...

'' (2003) duduk by Pedro Eustache by

Danny Elfman Daniel Robert Elfman (born May 29, 1953) is an American film composer, singer and songwriter. He came to prominence as the singer-songwriter for the new wave band Oingo Boingo in the early 1980s. Since the 1990s, Elfman has garnered internation ...

* ''

The Island The Island(s) may refer to: Places * Any of various islands around the world, see the list of islands * The Island (Cache County, Utah), an island on the Bear River, Utah * The Island, Chennai, a river island in India * The Island, Chicago, a n ...

'' (2005) by Steve Jablonsky * '' The Kite Runner'' (2007) by Alberto Iglesias * '' The Last Temptation of Christ'' (1988) by

, featuring the duduk player

Vatche Hovsepian Vache Artashesi Hovsepyan ( hy, Վաչե Արտաշեսի Հովսեփյան, sometimes credited as Vatche Hovsepian; 17 September 1925 – 1 December 1978) was an Armenian duduk player and renowned popular artist. He graduated from the Yerevan Co ...

* ''

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' is a fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1950. It is the first published and best known of seven novels in ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' (1950–1956). Among all the ...

'' (2005) by Harry Gregson-Williams, in the track ''A Narnia Lullaby'' * '' Munich'' duduk by Pedro Eustache (2005) by

John Williams John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932)Nylund, Rob (15 November 2022)Classic Connection review ''WBOI'' ("For the second time this year, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic honored American composer, conductor, and arranger John Williams, who wa ...

* ''

Mayrig ''Mayrig'' (''Mother'') is a 1991 semi-autobiographical film written and directed by French-Armenian filmmaker Henri Verneuil. The film's principal cast includes Claudia Cardinale and Omar Sharif as parents of Azad (Henri Verneuil depicted as child ...

'' (1991) by Omar Al Sharif * '' Next'' (2007) by Mark Isham * '' The Passion of The Christ'' (2004) by Mel Gibson, composer John Debney duduks by Pedro Eustache and

Chris Bleth Chris is a short form of various names including Christopher, Christian (given name), Christian, Christina (given name), Christina, Christine (name), Christine, and Christos (given name), Christos. Chris is also used as a name in its own right, ...

* '' Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'' (2007) by Hans Zimmer * '' Rendition '' (2007) by

Paul Hepker Paul Hepker (born in Harare, Zimbabwe on 17 December 1967) is a South African composer, musical director, pianist, best known for composing the score (with Mark Kilian) for the film Tsotsi, which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film a ...

and Mark Kilian, duduk by Pedro Eustache * '' Ronin'' (1998) by

Elia Cmiral Elia is a name which may be a variant of the names Elias, Elijah, Eli or Eliahu, and may refer to: People * Aelia (gens) or Elia, a ''gens'' of Ancient Rome Mononymic * Elia or Elijah, a biblical prophet * Elia, a pen-name of Charles Lamb First ...

, duduk by

Albert Vardanyan Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Productions, a record label * Albert C ...

* '' Syriana '' (2005) by Alexandre Desplat, duduks by

and Pedro Eustache * '' The Russia House'' (1990) by Jerry Goldsmith * ''

The Siege ''The Siege'' is a 1998 American action thriller film directed by Edward Zwick. The film is about a fictional situation in which terrorist cells have made several attacks in New York City. The film stars Denzel Washington, Annette Bening, Tony ...

'' (1998) by Graeme Revell, in the track ''Torture'' * ''

Vantage Point Vantage Point (formerly Archway Tower) is a 195-foot (59m) 17-storey residential apartment building above Archway Underground station, designed by Grid Architects, and owned and operated by Essential Living. History Archway Tower was built ...

'' (2008) by

Atli Orvarsson Atli is an Old Norse masculine personal name, and may refer to: People * Atli the Slender, a 9th-century earl of Sogn, Norway * Atli Viðar Björnsson (born 1980), Icelandic footballer * Atli Dam (1932–2005), five-time prime minister of the Far ...

* '' Wanted'' (2008) by

* ''

Warriors of Heaven and Earth ''Warriors of Heaven and Earth'' () is a 2003 Chinese action adventure film directed by He Ping. The film's notable cinematography captures a wide range of landscapes across China's Xinjiang province. It was China's official entry for the Academy ...

'' (2003) by

A. R. Rahman Allah Rakha Rahman (; born A. S. Dileep Kumar; 6 January 1967) is an Indian music composer, record producer, singer and songwriter, popular for his works in Indian cinema; predominantly in Tamil and Hindi films, with occasional forays in int ...

* '' You Don't Mess with the Zohan'' (2008) by Rupert Gregson-Williams * ''Beasts in Our Time'' and ''Under The Eye Of The Sun'' played by

Rob Townsend Rob Townsend (born 7 July 1947) is an English rock and blues drummer. He was the drummer for progressive rock band Family and later The Blues Band. Biography Townsend was born in Frog Island, Leicester, England, where he spent his teenage y ...

on Steve Hackett's album ''At The Edge Of Light'' * ''

3 Faces ''3 Faces'' ( fa, Se rokh – سه رخ) is a 2018 Iranian drama film directed by Jafar Panahi and starring Behnaz Jafari and Panahi as themselves. The film was produced despite a ban on filmmaking imposed on Panahi. It was selected to compete fo ...

'' (2018) by

Jafar Panahi Jafar Panâhi ( fa, جعفر پناهی, ; born 11 July 1960) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film editor, commonly associated with the Iranian New Wave film movement. After several years of making short films and working as an ass ...

, duduk by

Yusef Moharamian Yusuf ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ( ar, يوسف ٱبن يعقوب ٱبن إسحاق ٱبن إبراهيم, Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb ibn ʾIsḥāq ibn ʾIbrāhīm, ) is a Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet mentioned in the Quran, and ...

Television soundtracks

* '' Angel'' by Rob Kral * ''

'' (2004 TV series) by Bear McCreary. Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk. Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian. * ''

Buffy the Vampire Slayer ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' is an American supernatural fiction, supernatural drama television series created by writer and director Joss Whedon. It is based on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film), 1992 film of the same name, also written by W ...

'' by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin,

Douglas Stevens Douglas Robert Stevens is an Australian bishop. He was the Bishop of Riverina in the Anglican Church of Australia from 2005 to 2012. He is currently in parish ministry in Brisbane. Life and career Stevens was born in Wollongong, New South ...

* ''

Castle A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...

'' by Robert Duncan * '' Children of Dune'' by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell" * '' Cold Case'' by

Michael A. Levine Michael A. Levine (born 20 February 1964 in Tokyo, Japan) is an American composer, music producer and screenwriter born in Japan and currently based in Los Angeles. He is best known for his work in film and television. Early career Trained as ...

* ''CSI: New York'' by Bill Brown * ''

Firefly The Lampyridae are a family of elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production ...

'' by Greg Edmonson * ''

'' by Ramin Djawadi features the instrument in Daenerys Targaryen's theme * '' JAG'' by Steve Bramson * ''The Mummy Who Would Be King'' by Gil Talmi,

Andrew Gross Andrew Gross (born 1952) is an American author of thriller novels including four ''New York Times'' bestsellers. He is best known for his collaborations with suspense writer James Patterson. Gross's books feature close family bonds, relationships ...

* ''

Over There "Over There" is a 1917 song written by George M. Cohan that was popular with the United States military and public during both world wars. It is a patriotic song designed to galvanize American young men to enlist and fight the "Hun". The song i ...

'' by

Ed Rogers Edward Antonio Rogers (born August 29, 1978) is a retired utility infielder who played with the Baltimore Orioles. He bats and throws right-handed. Career Baltimore Orioles Rogers was signed by the Baltimore Orioles as a free agent in . He de ...

* ''

The Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

'' by

Blake Neely Blake Neely (born April 28, 1969) is an Emmy Award-winning American composer, conductor, and orchestrator. He has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on ''Everwood'', '' The Pacific'', and ''Pan Am'', and won the Emmy (20 ...

and Geoff Zanelli * '' Path to 9/11'' by John Cameron * '' Rome'' by Jeff Beal *''

'' by

Frederik Wiedmann Frederik Wiedmann (born 1981 in Stuttgart) is a German composer. He composed the scores for the 2014 films '' Sniper: Legacy'' as well as ''Field of Lost Shoes''. Wiedmann also composed the score for the 2007 film ''Return to House on Haunted ...

* '' Spartacus'' by Randy Miller. Track ''Second Thought'' * '' Star Trek: Enterprise'' by

Paul Baillargeon Paul Baillargeon (born 1943) is a Canadian composer, known for his music for television shows. He contributed music to 41 episodes of Star Trek shows, and won the 2002 ASCAP Award (Top TV Series) for Enterprise, shared with the series' other reg ...

* '' Yu-Gi-Oh!'' by Wayne Sharpe * '' Xena: Warrior Princess'' by Joseph Loduca

Video game scores

* ''Shards of the Exodar'' in '' World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and

Russell Brower Russell Brower is an American music composer and three-time Emmy Award-winning sound designer who has created sounds for ''Tiny Toon Adventures'', ''Animaniacs'' and '' Batman: The Animated Series'', and video game music for games including '' J ...

* ''Dalaran'' in '' World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and

* ''Orsis'' in ''

Hearthstone ''Hearthstone'' is a free-to-play online digital collectible card game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment. Originally subtitled ''Heroes of Warcraft'', ''Hearthstone'' builds upon the existing lore of the ''Warcraft'' series by u ...

: League of Explorers'' * ''

Civilization V ''Sid Meier's Civilization V'' is a 4X video game in the ''Civilization'' series developed by Firaxis Games. The game was released on Microsoft Windows on September 21, 2010, on OS X on November 23, 2010, and on Linux on June 10, 2014. In ''C ...

'' by Michael Curran * '' Crimson Dragon'' by

Saori Kobayashi is a video game composer and pianist. She composed music for Sega is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its international branches, Sega of America an ...

and Jeremy Garren * '' Dark Void'' by Bear McCreary * ''

Dota 2 ''Dota 2'' is a 2013 multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game by Valve. The game is a sequel to ''Defense of the Ancients'' (''DotA''), a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's '' Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos.'' ''Dota 2' ...

'' by Jason Hayes * ''

F.E.A.R. ''F.E.A.R.'' is a first-person shooter psychological horror video game series created by Craig Hubbard in 2005. Released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360, there are three main games in the series; '' F.E.A.R.'' (2005), '' F.E.A ...

'' by Nathan Grigg * ''

God of War III ''God of War III'' is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. First released for the PlayStation 3 on March 16, 2010, it is the fifth installment in the ''God ...

'' by

Gerard Marino Gerard Kendrick Marino (born April 1, 1968) is a film and video game score composer, most notably contributing heavily to the ''God of War'' series.Mass Effect'' by Jack Wall * '' Myst III: Exile'' by Jack Wall * '' Myst IV: Revelation'' by Jack Wall * '' Outcast'' by

Lennie Moore Lennie Moore is an American composer and conductor of music for video games, film, television, and multi-media. Biography Moore is best known as the composer of the 1999 video game Outcast, and most recently, the Watchmen Motion Comic episodic ...

in the track ''Oriental Spirit'' * '' Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones'' by

Inon Zur Inon Zur ( he, ינון צור, ; born July 4, 1965) is an Israeli-American composer. Originally writing for movies and television, he later moved into composing for video games. He has been described as being "internationally recognized as one ...

* ''

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'' by Greg Edmonson * ''Croft Manor Theme'' in ''

Tomb Raider Legend ''Tomb Raider: Legend'' is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Eidos Interactive. It is the seventh main entry in the ''Tomb Raider'' series and a reboot of the series that reimagined the origins and ch ...

'' by

Troels Brun Folmann Troels Brun Folmann (born 10 January 1974, in Copenhagen) is a Danish composer who specializes in orchestral music, featured in TV shows, trailers, and video games. His work includes the soundtrack for some of the ''Tomb Raider'' series, traile ...

* '' The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim'' (2011) by Jeremy Soule in the track ''Tundra'' * '' Total War: Rome II'' by Richard Beddow * '' Empire: Total War'' * ''

Metro Exodus ''Metro Exodus'' is a first-person shooter video game developed by 4A Games and published by Deep Silver. It is the third installment in the ''Metro'' video game trilogy based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's novels, following the events of ''Metro 203 ...

'' by Oleksii Omelchuk

Popular music

*"Come Talk to Me" by

(from the 1992 album '' Us'') *"Zachem Ya" by t.A.T.u. (from the 2001 album '' 200 Po Vstrechnoy'') *"Prelude & Nostalgia" by Yanni (from the 1997 album '' Tribute'') *"Prelude & Nostalgia" by Yanni (from the 2006 album ''

Yanni Live! The Concert Event ''Yanni Live! The Concert Event'' is the third live album by Yanni. It was recorded live at the Mandalay Bay Events Center, Las Vegas on November 6, 2004, and released in August 2006 as a CD and concert film on DVD. The album peaked at No. 1 on B ...

'') *"Science" and "Arto" (Hidden Track) by System of a Down (from the 2001 album '' Toxicity'') *"

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" (2005) and " Back in Brazil" (2018) by Paul McCartney *"All That I Am" by Rob Thomas (from the 2006 album '' ...Something to Be'') *"Touching the Void" by Soulfly (from the 2008 album ''

Conquer Conquer may refer to: *Conquer (Soulfly album), 2008 * Conquer (Carl Thomas album), 2011 * "Conquer" (''The Walking Dead''), an episode of the television series ''The Walking Dead'' See also * *Conquistador (disambiguation) * Conqueror (disambi ...

'') *"

Qélé, Qélé Armenia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Qélé, Qélé" written by H.A. Der-Hovagimian (aka DerHova) and Sirusho. The song was performed by Sirusho, who was selected internally by the Armenian broadcaster Public Te ...

" by

Sirusho Siranush Harutyunyan ( hy, Սիրանուշ Հարությունյան; born 7 January 1987), known professionally as Sirusho ( hy, Սիրուշո), is an Armenian singer and songwriter. She received her first award when she was nine years old fo ...

(from the 2008

Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest (), sometimes abbreviated to ESC and often known simply as Eurovision, is an international songwriting competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), featuring participants representing pr ...

Armenian entry) *"

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...

" by Jamala (2015) *"Soulfly X" by Soulfly (from the 2015 album '' Archangel'') *"Come Along" by Cosmo Sheldrake (from the 2017 album "The Much Much How How and I", and featured in advertisements for Apple's iPhone XR in the UK, USA, and Canada) *"Meeting" album by A.G.A. Trio with Arsen Petrosyan on Duduk (2020 by

NAXOS WORLD Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about ...

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Anime soundtracks

* '' Tales from Earthsea'' by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".

Etymology

Overview

History

Balkan duduk

In popular culture

Film soundtracks

Television soundtracks

Video game scores

Popular music

Anime soundtracks

See also

References

Further reading