This overview lists proposed changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of

snail A snail is, in loose terms, a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class G ...

s and slugs are classified. Changes in subfamilies are outlined in the respective articles about each particular family. Unchanged taxa are not listed here. In one of the largest recent changes (affecting the most species of gastropods), Klussmann-Kolb ''et al.'' (2008) showed that the traditional classification of the

Euthyneura Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species exclusively from marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia. Euthyneura are characterised by several autapomorphies, but ar ...

needed to be reconsidered. The change was subsequently made by Jörger ''et al.'' (2010), who redefined the major groups within the

Heterobranchia Heterobranchia, the ''heterobranchs'' (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks. Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Cur ...

. A great number of major changes have been made within the classification of the

Conoidea Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and conside ...

since 2011. In the 2017 issue of "

Malacologia ''Malacologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolu ...

" journal (available online from 4 January 2018) new much updated version of 2005 "Bouchet & Rocroi" taxonomy was published: "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families".Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017.
Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families
'.

, 61(1-2): 1-526.

Helcionelloida (not gastropods)

It has become clear that the

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

taxon

Helcionelloida Helcionelloida is an extinct group of ancient molluscs (phylum Mollusca). These are the oldest known conchiferan molluscs, that is, they had a mineralised shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was ...

does ''not'' belong to the class Gastropoda; it is now a separate class within the Mollusca. P. Yu. Parkhaev (2006, 2007) created the class Helcionelloida, whose members were previously treated as " Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position" ''sensu'' Bouchet & Rocroi. Subclass Archaeobranchia Parkhaev, 2001 * Order

Helcionelliformes Helcionellid or Helcionelliformes is an order of small fossil shells that are universally interpreted as molluscs, though no sources spell out why this taxonomic interpretation is preferred. These animals are first found about in the late Ne ...

Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 **Superfamily Helcionelloidea Wenz, 1938 :**Family

Helcionellidae Helcionellid or Helcionelliformes is an order of small fossil shells that are universally interpreted as molluscs, though no sources spell out why this taxonomic interpretation is preferred. These animals are first found about in the late Ne ...

Wenz, 1938 :**Family Igarkiellidae Parkhaev, 2001 :**Family

Coreospiridae Coreospiridae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position taxonomically. They might be snails ( Gastropoda), Helcionelloida, or they might be Monoplacophora. 2005 taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & R ...

Knight, 1947 **Superfamily

Yochelcionelloidea Yochelcionelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position ( Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). The earliest yochelcionellids are known from the Middle Tommotian, but they are most diverse from the Botomian through the ...

Runnegar & Jell, 1976 :**Family

Trenellidae ''Trenella'' is the sole genus in the Trenellidae, an extinct family of paleozoic Yochelcionellids. 2005 taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Val ...

Parkhaev, 2001 :**Family

Yochelcionellidae ''Yochelcionella'' is an extinct genus of basal molluscs which lived during the Tommotian epoch, the first epoch of the Cambrian period. This genus is often reconstructed to resemble snails. ''Yochelcionella'' is the type genus of the family ...

Runnegar & Jell, 1976 :**Family

Stenothecidae Stenothecidae is an extinct family of fossil univalved Cambrian molluscs which may be either gastropods or monoplacophorans. The name of this taxon should not be confused with that of the class Stenothecoida, a group of problematic Cambrian ...

Runnegar & Jell, 1980 ****Subfamily Stenothecinae Runnegar & Jell, 1980 ****Subfamily Watsonellinae Parkhaev, 2001 * Order Pelagiellifomes MacKinnon, 1985 **Family Pelagiellidae Knight, 1952 **Family Aldanellidae Linsley et Kier, 1984 Subclass Divasibranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 * Order Khairkhaniiformes Parkhaev, 2001 **Family Khairkhaniidae Missarzhevsky, 1989 Subclass Dextrobranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 * Order Onychochiliformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 **Family Onychochilidae Koken, 1925

Patellogastropoda

This revised

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

of the

Patellogastropoda The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order. The clade Patellogastropoda is d ...

(the true limpets) is based on research by Nakano & Ozawa (2007). The Acmaeidae is treated as a synonym of

Lottiidae Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Subfamilies 200 ...

; the subfamily Pectinodontinae is elevated to Pectinodontidae; a new family

Eoacmaeidae ''Eoacmaea'' is a genus of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda, the true limpets. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Eoacmaea T. Nakano & Ozawa, 2007. Accessed through: World Register o ...

with the new type genus '' Eoacmaea'' is established. The remaining three families (Neolepetopsidae, Daminilidae, Lepetopsidae) are moved into the Lottioidea, like this: * superfamily Eoacmaeoidea ** family

* superfamily Patelloidea ** family

Patellidae Patellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda. (The superfamily Patelloidea should not be confused with the similar-sounding genus of true limpets '' Patelloida'' which ...

* superfamily

Lottioidea Lottioidea is a superfamily of sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.MolluscaBase (2018). Lottioidea Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marines ...

** family

Nacellidae Nacellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Patellogastropoda. Taxonomy Nacellidae was the only family in the superfamily Nacelloidea as described by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), ...

** family

Lepetidae Lepetidae is a family of sea snails or small, deep-water true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda the true limpets. Taxonomy This family consists of the two following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy ...

** family Pectinodontidae ** family

** family Neolepetopsidae ** † family Daminilidae ** † family Lepetopsidae

Vetigastropoda

Geiger (2009)Geiger D. L. (8 May 2009) "A new species of Depressizona and the family rank of Depressizonidae". ''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week ...

'' 2059: 57-59
abstractfull article
elevated the subfamily Depressizoninae to family level as Depressizonidae. Also two subfamilies (the Larocheinae from the Scissurellidae, and the Temnocinclinae from the Sutilizonidae) were upgraded to family level as the Larocheidae and the Temnocinclidae. * Superfamily

Lepetodriloidea Lepetodriloidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form ...

** Family

Lepetodrilidae Lepetodrilidae is a family of small, deep-sea sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Lep ...

** Family

Clypeosectidae Lepetodrilidae is a family of small, deep-sea sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Lep ...

** Family

Sutilizonidae Sutilizonidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, deepwater hydrothermal vent snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy This family has no ...

** Family Temnocinclidae * Superfamily Scissurelloidea ** Family

Scissurellidae Scissurellidae, sometimes known by the common name little slit snails, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & ...

** Family Larocheidae ** Family Anatomidae ** Family Depressizonidae The superfamily Trochoidea was redefined by Williams ''et al.'' (2008) and the superfamily

Turbinoidea Turbinoidea was a superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). But it has become an available name, because it is no lo ...

is no longer used. Phasianelloidea and Angarioidea were created as new superfamilies. Trochoidea *

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resemb ...

Turbinidae Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...

* Solariellidae *

Calliostomatidae Calliostomatidae is a family of sea snails within the superfamily Trochoidea and the clade Vetigastropoda.Gofas, S. (2013). Calliostomatidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdeta ...

* Liotiidae * † Family Elasmonematidae * † Family Eucochlidae * † Family Microdomatidae * † Family Proconulidae * † Family Tychobraheidae * † Family Velainellidae Phasianelloidea * Phasianellidae *

Colloniidae Colloniidae is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Colloniidae Cossmann, 1917. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

Angarioidea * Angariidae - monotypic with '' Angaria'' * Areneidae (probable placement)

Neomphalina

The superfamily Neomphaloidea was previously regarded as belonging within the clade

Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet ...

. Molecular phylogeny has shown however that it belongs in its own clade,

Neomphalina Neomphaloidea is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida. The order Neomphalida has the largest ''in situ'' radiation in hydrothermal vent habitats. ...

, which is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to deep-sea hydrothermal vent habitat. The clade Neomphalina appears to be basal to the Vetigastropoda. Neomphalina is a monophyletic clade, however, its exact relationship among the gastropods is uncertain.

Neritimorpha

Bandel (2007) described four new families within the Neritopsoidea. He classified Neritopsoidea in the order Neritoina within the superorder Cycloneritimorpha and within the subclass

Neritimorpha Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked major clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping includes land snails, sea snails, slugs, some deepwater limpets, and also freshwater snails. Neritimorpha contains around 2,000 extant s ...

. Bandel (2007) recognizes Natisopsinae (in Neritopsidae by Bouchet & Rocrois 2005) at the family level, as Naticopsidae. Bandel's classification looks like this: superfamily Neritopsoidea * family

Neritopsidae Neritopsidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails and freshwater snails in the clade Cycloneritimorpha (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The ...

* † Fedaiellidae Bandel, 2007 * † family Delphinulopsidae * † family Cortinellidae * † Palaeonaricidae Bandel, 2007 * † Naticopsidae - Natisopsinae (in Neritopsidae by Bouchet & Rocroid 2005) is recognized at family level by Bandel (2007). * † Tricolnaticopsidae Bandel, 2007 * † Scalaneritinidae Bandel, 2007 * † family Plagiothyridae * † family Pseudorthonychiidae * family Titiscaniidae

Caenogastropoda

The family Provannidae was moved to the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea Tomlin, 1927. In addition, a new family Hokkaidoconchidae Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 was named. * superfamily Abyssochrysoidea ** family Provannidae ** family Hokkaidoconchidae The subfamily Semisulcospirinae, within the

Pleuroceridae Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell. Reprodu ...

, was elevated to the family level Semisulcospiridae by Strong & Köhler (2009). * superfamily Cerithioidea ** family

** family Semisulcospiridae ** and others Bandel (2006)Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". ''

Freiberger Forschungshefte The Freiberger, also known as Franches-Montagnes, is a horse breed from Switzerland, from the Jura region, described as either a "heavy warmblood" or a "light coldblood". It was widely used as draft and pack horse in the Swiss army. It ...

'' C 511: 59-138
PDF
made numerous changes in the following clades: Cerithimorpha/ Cerithioidea, Turritellimorpha/ Turritelloidea, Murchisonimorpha/ Orthonematoidea, Campanilimorpha/

Campaniloidea The Campaniloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The Campaniloidea are unassigned in the clade Caenogastropoda. Taxonomy The following four families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) ...

and Ampullinoidea, Vermetimorpha/

Vermetoidea The Vermetoidea, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic superfamily of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed th ...

. Fehse (2007) elevated both the subfamily Pediculariinae and the tribe Eocypraeini (which were previously in the family

Ovulidae Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the cowry allies. MolluscaBase eds. (20 ...

) to family level, based on both morphological research and molecular phylogeny research. Families within Cypraeoidea are now as follows: * superfamily

Cypraeoidea Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily had been called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815.MolluscaBase (2018). Cypraeoidea ...

** family

Cypraeidae Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries ( cowry), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies. Shell description Cypraeidae have adult s ...

** family Eocypraeidae ** family

** family Pediculariidae Within the Tonnoidea, Beu (2008) raised the subfamily Cassinae to the rank of family:

Cassidae The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized, large, and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.Go ...

Latreille, 1825. Bouchet et al. (2011) updated the taxonomy of the superfamily

: * New family Horaiclavidae Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev & Puillandre, 2011 * Some subfamilies were elevated to families * The

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

family

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

was split up in 13 monophyletic families by raising a number of subfamilies to the rank of family. In 2012, within the

, a new family

Bouchetispiridae ''Bouchetispiridae '' is a part of the Gastropoda (Snails And Slugs) group, The genus ''Bouchetispira ''Bouchetispira '' is a genus of sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bouchetispira Kantor, E. E. Strong & Puillandre, 2012. Ac ...

Kantor, Strong & Puillandre, 2012 that includes one genus ''

Bouchetispira ''Bouchetispira '' is a genus of sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bouchetispira Kantor, E. E. Strong & Puillandre, 2012. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...

'' Kantor, Strong & Puillandre, 2012 and one species '' Bouchetispira vitrea'' Kantor, Strong & Puillandre, 2012, was discovered. In 2015, in the ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'', Puillandre, Duda, Meyer, Olivera & Bouchet presented a new classification for the old genus ''Conus''. Using 329 species, the authors carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses. The results suggested that the authors should place all cone snails in a single family, Conidae, containing four genera: ''Conus'', ''

Conasprella ''Conasprella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ ...

'', ''

Profundiconus ''Profundiconus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2011). ''Profundiconus'' Kuroda, 1956. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species The Worl ...

'' and ''

Californiconus ''Californiconus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The experts at WoRMS place this group of species in the family Conidae, the cone snails, but some other experts placed previously the genus in a proposed family, the C ...

''. The authors group 85% of all known cone snail species under ''Conus'', They recognize 57 subgenera within ''Conus'', and 11 subgenera within the genus ''Conasprella''. .

Heterobranchia

Janssen (2005) established a new family, Praecuvierinidae. Gosliner ''et al.'' (2007) elevated the subfamily Babakininae to the family level as Babakinidae. Golding ''et al.'' (2007) established new families within the Amphiboloidea: * Maningrididae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 * Phallomedusidae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 Uit de Weerd (2008) moved two families

Urocoptidae Urocoptidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy The family Urocoptidae was classified in the superfamily Orthalicoidea (according to ...

and Cerionidae to the newly established superfamily Urocoptoidea, based on

molecular phylogeny Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

research as follows: superfamily Urocoptoidea * family

* family Cerionidae Other authors also made numerous taxonomic changes within Orthalicoidea in 2009-2012. Schrödl & Neusser (2010) rearranged the taxonomy of the Acochlidiacea. Swennen & Buatip (2009) described a new family Aitengidae, which was later moved to

Acochlidiacea Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia. Acochlidia is a variant spelling. Description These a ...

by Jörger et al. (2010). Malaquias ''et al.'' (2009) rearranged the taxonomy of the Cephalaspidea ''sensu lato'': reinstated Architectibranchia, reinstated

Runcinacea Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) or a clade Runcinaecea (according to the Malaquias et al. (2009)) of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the order RuncinidaJör ...

, reinstated

Scaphandridae Scaphandridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Philinoidea. Taxonomy Scaphandridae was considered as a synonym of Cylichnidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). However, M ...

as a valid family, but they did not use superfamilies. Subsequently, Malaquias (2010) moved '' Bullacta exarata'' (formerly the only member of Bullactidae) into the family

Haminoeidae Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea. The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be ...

. Sutcharit ''et al.'' (2010) established a new family

Diapheridae Diapheridae is a family (biology), family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Streptaxoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Diapheridae Panha & Naggs, 2010. Acce ...

within the

Streptaxoidea Streptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Achatinina of the order Stylommatophora. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy There have been recognized the only family Streptaxidae wi ...

in 2010. Jörger et al. (2010) redefined major groups of

and created the new clades

Euopisthobranchia Euopisthobranchia is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura. This clade was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al. in October 2010. Euopisthobranchia is a monophyletic portion of the ...

and

Panpulmonata Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura. Panpulmonata was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al. in October 2010. The older name "Pulmonata" referred to a group of gas ...

. Maeda ''et al.'' (2010) confirmed the placement of '' Cylindrobulla'' within the

Sacoglossa Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "solar-powered sea slugs", are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia. Sacoglossans live by ingesting the cellular co ...

. Thompson (2010) redefined subfamilies in Spiraxidae, moving Euglandininae and Streptostylinae (from where they had been in the Oleacinidae per Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)) so that they became subfamilies of Spiraxidae. Johnson (2011) resurrected the family

Cadlinidae Cadlinidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. Molecular phylogenetic studies and their taxon-sampling schemes can have a strong influence of the resulting phylogeny. Research by ...

. Thompson (2012) established a new family, Epirobiidae. Thompson & Naranjo-García (2012) described a new family Echinichidae within Xanthonychoidea. Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016.

Proposals and research

* Based on

nucleotide sequence A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usu ...

s of

mitochondrial genome Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial ...

s Grande et al. (2008) proposed these changes: ** Pulmonata is polyphyletic **

is not monophyletic because the

Pyramidelloidea Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata. This is a voluminous taxon: above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to this g ...

should be included within the Euthyneura ** Opisthobranchia is not monophyletic because ''

Siphonaria pectinata ''Siphonaria pectinata'', common name the striped false limpet, is a species of air-breathing sea snail or false limpet, a marine heterobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Siphonariidae. Taxonomic status ''Siphonaria pectinata'' (Linnaeus, ...

'' should be recognized as a member of the Opisthobranchia * Peter J. Wagner considers Isospiridae to be a synonym of Cyrtonellidae within the Tergomya, Wagner P. J. (2008)
"Paleozoic Gastropod, Monoplacophoran and Rostroconch Database".ucsb.edu
/ref>"Cyrtonellidae"

The Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ...

. Accessed 26 February 2010.

has adapted this as yet (February 2010) unpublished opinion by Wagner. This alternate taxonomy is as: Tergomya, Cyrtonellida, Cyrtonellidae.

Helcionelloida (not gastropods)

Patellogastropoda

Vetigastropoda

Neomphalina

Neritimorpha

Caenogastropoda

Heterobranchia

Proposals and research

See also

References

Further reading