Charles Gardner Sullivan (September 18, 1884 – September 5, 1965) was an American

screenwriter A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter, scriptwriter, scribe or scenarist) is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs and video games, are based. ...

and

film producer A film producer is a person who oversees film production. Either employed by a production company or working independently, producers plan and coordinate various aspects of film production, such as selecting the script, coordinating writing, di ...

. He was a prolific writer with more than 350 films among his credits. In 1924, the magazine ''Story World'' selected him on a list of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry from its inception forward. Four of Sullivan's films, '' The Italian'' (1915), ''

Civilization A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system). Ci ...

'' (1916), ''

Hell's Hinges ''Hell's Hinges'' is a 1916 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart and Clara Williams. Directed by Charles Swickard, William S. Hart and Clifford Smith, and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was written by C. Gardne ...

'' (1916), and ''

All Quiet on the Western Front ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (german: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit=Nothing New in the West) is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental trauma du ...

'' (1930), have been listed in the

National Film Registry The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each selected for its historical, cultural and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB’s inception i ...

Early years

Sullivan was born in Stillwater, Minnesota, and educated in the public schools of

St. Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County. Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center o ...

. Interviewed in 1916, Sullivan said he was "not precisely what one would call a college man, although I had some training at the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota, formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (UMN Twin Cities, the U of M, or Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Tw ...

. In 1907, Sullivan went into the newspaper business, working on the staff of the ''St. Paul Daily News'' at a starting salary of six dollars per week. Shortly afterward, Sullivan was assigned to write a column that he later said "was supposed to be a humorous column." He moved to New York where he joined the staff of the ''New York Evening Journal''. While working in New York, a colleague showed him an advertisement by a motion picture company in the ''Saturday Evening Post'' inviting new authors to contribute stories. Gardner recalled it was that advertisement that got him started with "photoplay writing". Sullivan's first script was returned to him, and he did not make another submission for some time. The first story he sold was ''Her Polished Family'', which was purchased by

Edison Studios Edison Studios was an American film production organization, owned by companies controlled by inventor and entrepreneur, Thomas Edison. The studio made close to 1,200 films, as part of the Edison Manufacturing Company (1894–1911) and then Thom ...

for $25. He later submitted a western story to the New York Motion Picture Corporation run by

Thomas H. Ince Thomas Harper Ince (November 16, 1880 – November 19, 1924) was an American silent film - era filmmaker and media proprietor. Ince was known as the "Father of the Western" and was responsible for making over 800 films. He revolutionized the mot ...

and received a check for $50. In the following months, Ince's company purchased sixty of Sullivan's stories.

Hollywood screenwriter

In 1914, Ince offered Sullivan a full-time job in Hollywood as a member of his movie studio's "scenario staff". By that time, Sullivan had married and was uncertain about moving to California. However, he accepted and for the next decade became the "dean" of Hollywood's screenwriters. Sullivan began his career in Hollywood writing stories for Ince's two-reel films. He then progressed to full-length feature films, and his stories contributed much to the fame of stars including

Dorothy Dalton Dorothy Dalton (September 22, 1893 – April 13, 1972) was an American silent film actress and stage personality who worked her way from a stock company to a movie career. Beginning in 1910, Dalton was a player in stock companies in Chicago; Te ...

, Enid Bennett, Louise Glaum and

Constance Bennett Constance Campbell Bennett (October 22, 1904 – July 24, 1965) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actress and producer. She was a major Hollywood star during the 1920s and 1930s; during the early 1930s, she was the highest-paid ...

. His early films were mostly in the western genre, but also included historical dramas such as '' The Witch of Salem'' (1913) and '' The Battle of Gettysburg'' (1913), and comedies such as "

The Adventures of Shorty ''The Adventures of Shorty'' is the name of a 1914 American short silent Western film featuring Shorty Hamilton, and the general name for the series of similar short films it started. More than 30 two-reel "Shorty" titles were released between ...

" two-reelers from 1914 through 1917. Sullivan's 1915 feature '' The Italian'' was one of the biggest box office hits of the year. And his screenplays for

William S. Hart William Surrey Hart (December 6, 1864 – June 23, 1946) was an American silent film actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He is remembered as a foremost Western star of the silent era who "imbued all of his characters with honor and integ ...

, including '' The Scourge of the Desert'', ''

The Aryan ''The Aryan'' is a 1916 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart, Gertrude Claire, Charles K. French, Louise Glaum, and Bessie Love. Directed by William S. Hart and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was written by C. ...

'', ''

The Return of Draw Egan ''The Return of Draw Egan'' is a 1916 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart, Louise Glaum, Margery Wilson, Robert McKim, and J.P. Lockney. Directed by William S. Hart and produced by Thomas H. Ince for Kay-Bee Pictures and th ...

'', '' Branding Broadway'' and ''

Wagon Tracks ''Wagon Tracks'' is a 1919 American silent Western film written by C. Gardner Sullivan, produced by Thomas H. Ince and William S. Hart, and directed by Lambert Hillyer. Upon its release, the ''Los Angeles Times'' described it as Hollywood's g ...

'' helped make Hart one of the biggest stars of the 1910s. Showing an ability to handle diverse topics, Sullivan also wrote screenplays involving domestic melodrama. These included '' The Golden Claw'' and a series of screenplays for silent film femme fatale, Louise Glaum, such as ''

The Wolf Woman ''The Wolf Woman'' is a 1916 silent era drama motion picture starring Louise Glaum, Howard C. Hickman, and Charles Ray. It was directed by Raymond B. West and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was written by C. Gardner Sullivan. P ...

'' (described as "the greatest vampire woman of all time"), ''

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

'' and the provocatively titled ''

Sex Sex is the trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing animal or plant produces male or female gametes. Male plants and animals produce smaller mobile gametes (spermatozoa, sperm, pollen), while females produce larger ones (ova, oft ...

'' (featuring Glaum performing a sensual "spider dance" dressed in a form-fitting cloak of webs). With the outbreak of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, Sullivan also turned his attention to the war. In ''

Shell 43 ''Shell 43'' is a 1916 American war film written by C. Gardner Sullivan, from a story by Edward Sloman, and starring H.B. Warner, Enid Markey, and John Gilbert. Plot An English spy (played by H.B. Warner) works behind German lines during World ...

'', he told the story of English spy working behind German lines who saves the life of a German officer and is killed in a German trench by an Allied shell. Perhaps Sullivan's most famous screenplay was ''

'', a big budget anti-war movie in which Jesus appeared on a World War I battlefield. In the film, a Germanic submarine commander refuses to follow orders to fire torpedoes at a ship carrying innocent passengers, saying he is "obeying orders -- from a Higher Power." The submarine is destroyed, and the commander's soul descends into hell, where he encounters Jesus. Jesus announces that the commander can find redemption by having Jesus occupy his body and return to the living world as a voice for peace. The commander is sentenced to death for refusing to follow orders, and at his execution, the spirit of Jesus emerges from his dead body and gives the king of the warring nation a tour of the battlefields. Jesus asks, "See here thy handiwork? Under thy reign, thy domain hath become a raging hell!" In the film's most famous scene, Jesus departs through the bloodied battlefields. The film was a popular success when it was released in 1916. In fact, the 1916 Democratic National Committee credited the film with helping to re-elect President Woodrow Wilson. However, after the entry of the United States into the war, the film was pulled from distribution. Sullivan returned to the subject of World War I as the supervising story chief for the 1930 film adaptation of ''

''. Sullivan prided himself on tackling a diverse range of subject matters, telling an interviewer the following:

I have made all kinds and manner of pictures, none of them the work of a specialist in a certain grooved form. ... The public is fickle. The man who makes pictures for the public must be able to turn from comedy to melodrama, from psychological realism to sophisticated farce, from the big-scale popular spectacle to the cameo of emotions, sentimental drama.

By 1919, Sullivan was the best known screenwriter in Hollywood. The ''Los Angeles Times'' wrote of him:

Several years ago, when the newly-formed Triangle organization contributed a new art and finish to the motion picture, there came into great prominence C. Gardner Sullivan, a writer of fine capabilities; a careful, technical craftsman. No author having a contempt for the intellect of his audience -- and many writers of photodramas continue to hold their audiences in contempt -- could have made the success of screen authorship that C. Gardner Sullivan has.

In January 1920, Sullivan left New York for a world tour. He was given a

roving commission A roving commission details the duties of a commissioned officer or other official whose responsibilities are neither geographically nor functionally limited. Where an individual in an official position is given more freedom than would regularly be ...

by Ince allowing him to "leave the studio with a free mind and just browse around wherever fancy dictates; if the spirit should move him he may write a script now and then, 'just for practice,' or he may just store up a fund of mental notes for future use." In February 1924, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that the number of feature films produced from the original stories or adaptations of Mr. Sullivan totaled 311 in eight years. The ''Times'' noted: "This record undoubtedly is unrivaled among screen authors. Mr. Sullivan's work is all the more remarkable because of the recognition which it has achieved for unvarying quality and variety." At that time, Sullivan described the rule he applied in the selection of a story for the screen:

Is it human, is it true to life, is it sincere? If you can conscientiously satisfy yourself on these things, you won't have to worry as to whether the public will like the story or not. If you are genuinely moved by it, you may be sure that the public will respond in like manner. ... Give the public a story that touches the heart and is true to life, and, to paraphrase Emerson, 'the world will make a beaten path to the theater box office.'

In his book about the history of American screenwriting, Marc Norman wrote that the Ince studio, where Sullivan was the lead writer, was the first to use the screenplay as the blueprint for the entire production, marking a departure from earlier productions in which the "screenplay" was simply "a one-page précis of the film's narrative." Indeed, Sullivan's scripts detailed locations, the number of actors, costumes, and even the blocking of the shoot. Norman pointed to the following excerpt from the ''

'' script as an example of the directorial detail contained in Sullivan's work:

Scene L: Close-Up on Bar in Western Saloon
A group of good western types of the earlier period are drinking at the bar and talking idly -- much good fellowship prevails and every man feels at ease with his neighbor -- one of them glances off the picture and the smile fades from his face to be replaced by the strained look of worry -- the others notice the change and follow his gaze -- their face reflect his own emotions -- be sure to get over a good contrast between the easy good nature that had prevailed and the unnatural, strained silence that follows -- as they look, cut.

Once Sullivan's scripts were completed, Thomas Ince would stamp them "Produce exactly as written," leaving little to the discretion of the directors and cameramen. By setting every detail of the scene in words, Sullivan was able to "control the outcome of the film he saw in his mind's eye."

Producer and screenwriter

In September 1924, Sullivan entered the production end of the business forming a new production company called C. Gardner Sullivan Productions. The company produced ''Cheap Kisses'', a 1924 comedy drama, and ''If Marriage Fails'', both based on screenplays written by Sullivan. In the late 1920s, Sullivan signed on with

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American film director, producer and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the American cinem ...

as a producer. While working with DeMille, Sullivan made such films as '' The Yankee Clipper''. In 1927, he was referred to as "the man who knows box office":

C. Gardner Sullivan, creator of 365 box-office hits, maker of 'The Yankee Clipper,' ... as well as of 'White Gold,' ... producer for the De Mille studios, whose reputation is that of 'the man who knows box office,' is the man who chose to film a story as truth rather than as 'mush for the morons' ...

With the arrival of censorship in the motion picture industry, Sullivan was an outspoken critic of the practice. In 1931, Sullivan argued publicly that censorship was impeding the presentation of satire in motion pictures. He noted that "some of the finest examples of screen writing are being rejected because their keen satire would be resented by some strata of society." Sullivan remained active as a screenwriter in the 1930s with works including DeMille's 1938 adventure film '' The Buccaneer''. His final film credit was the story of ''

Jackass Mail ''Jackass Mail'' is a 1942 Western comedy film directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring Wallace Beery and Marjorie Main. Cast Reception According to MGM records the film earned $1,013,000 in the US and Canada and $292,000 elsewhere, making ...

'', a 1942 western directed by

Norman Z. McLeod Norman Zenos McLeod (September 20, 1898 – January 27, 1964) was an American film director, screenwriter and cartoonist. McLeod's most acclaimed work was made in collaboration with major comic performers of the 1930s, and included such films as ...

and starring Wallace Beery.

Personal life and death

Sullivan married actress

Ann May Ann Beatrice Sullivan (born Anna Beatrice Max; November 25, 1898https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4117736_00342?usePUB=true&usePUBJs=true&pId=40249610 – July 26, 1985), known professionally as Ann May, was a silent f ...

on February 14, 1925 in Santa Ana. They had four children together; daughter Sheilah Dree, and sons Charles Gardner, Michael Patrick, and Timothy Reese. He was an avid golfer and crossword puzzle enthusiast. In September 1965, Sullivan died of a heart attack at age 80 at his home in

West Hollywood, California West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 U.S. Census, its population was 35,757. It is considered one of the most ...

Role in film history

In 1924, the magazine ''Story World'' selected a list of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry from the time of its inception. The list included Gardner (the only screenwriter on the list), director

D.W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the na ...

, actors

Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is consider ...

and

Mary Pickford Gladys Marie Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American stage and screen actress and producer with a career that spanned five decades. A pioneer in the US film industry, she co-founde ...

, Carl Laemmle (founder of Universal Studios),

Charles Francis Jenkins Charles Francis Jenkins (August 22, 1867 – June 6, 1934) was an American engineer who was a pioneer of early cinema and one of the inventors of television, though he used mechanical rather than electronic technologies. His businesses incl ...

(inventor of the motion picture projector), producer

, and art director

Wilfred Buckland Wilfred Buckland (April 18, 1866 – July 18, 1946) was an American art director. Buckland worked as an art director with Cecil B. DeMille and Jesse Lasky, and later with Alan Dwan, from 1914 to 1927. He was Hollywood's first "art director" ...

. Four of Sullivan's films, '' The Italian'' (1915), ''

'' (1916), ''

'' (1916) and ''

'' (1930), have been listed in the

Filmography

# '' Her Polished Family'' (1912) - the first story sold by Sullivan to Edison # '' When Lee Surrenders'' (1912) (scenario) # '' The Altar of Death'' (West, 1912) (co-director, writer with T. Ince) # '' The Army Surgeon'' (F. Ford, 1912) (writer) # '' The Invaders'' (F. Ford and T. Ince, 1912) (uncredited) # '' The Dead Pay'' (1912) (scenario) # '' A Shadow of the Past'' (T. Ince, 1913) (scenario) # ''

Days of '49 A day is the time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun. On average, this is 24 hours, 1440 minutes, or 86,400 seconds. In everyday life, the word "day" often refers to a solar day, which is the length between two so ...

'' (T. Ince, 1913) (scenario) # '' The Witch of Salem'' (West, 1913) (writer) # '' Will o' the Wisp'' (1913) (writer) # ''

The Reaping ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

'' (1913) (story) # '' The Seal of Silence'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Boomerange'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Battle of Gettysburg'' (T. Incee, 1914) (titles) # '' The Telltale Hatband'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Paymaster's Son'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Bargain'' (Barker, 1914) # '' The Wrath of the Gods'' (1914) (writer) # '' One of the Discarded'' (1914) (writer) # '' Two-Gun Hicks'' (Hart, 1914) (writer) # '' In the Sage Brush Country'' (1914) (scenario, story) # '' The Hour of Reckoning'' (1914) (written by) # '' Shorty and the Fortune Teller'' (1914) (story) # '' Shorty and Sherlock Holmes'' (1914) ("The feature picture at the Bijou Theatre for the remainder of the week is the Broncho two-reel film, 'Shorty and Sherlock Holmes,' the latest release of the well known Shorty stories by C. Gardner Sullivan and Thomas H. Ince.") # '' Mother of the Shadows'' (Osborne, 1914) # '' Destiny's Night'' (1914) # '' Not of the Flock'' (Sidney, 1914) (producer) # '' Markia'', aka '' The Fall of Carthage'' (1914) # '' The City of Darkness'' (1914) # '' Breed o' the North'' (1914) (writer) # ''

Willie Willy or Willie is a masculine, male given name, often a diminutive form of William or Wilhelm, and occasionally a nickname. It may refer to: People Given name or nickname * Willie Aames (born 1960), American actor, television director, and scree ...

'' (1914) (scenario) # '' The Worth of a Life'' (1914) (story) # '' The World of His People'' (1914) (story) # '' Satan McAllister's Heir'' (1915) (writer) # ''

The Last of the Line ''The Last of the Line'' is a 1914 American short silent Western film directed by Jay Hunt and featuring Joe Goodboy, Sessue Hayakawa, Tsuru Aoki was a Japanese stage and screen actress whose career was most prolific in the United States d ...

'' (T. Ince, 1915) (scenario) # '' The Roughneck'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (writer) # ''

The Ruse The Ruse is a four-piece indie rock band based in Los Angeles, California. The band was started in 2004 in New York City, but relocated in 2005 to California. The band is known for grand, epic sounding songs and a captivating live show. The band ...

'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (writer) # '' Pinto Ben'' (Hart, 1915) # '' Mr. 'Silent' Haskins'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Cross of Fire'' (1915) (written by) # '' In the Land of the Otter'' (1915) (written by) # '' The Grudge'' (1915) (writer) # ''

The Darkening Trail ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

'' (1915) (writer) ("C. Gardner Sullivan, the author of the feature and also author of 'The Cup of Life' and 'On the Night Stage,' is probably most admired of truly American dramatists writing original stories for the screen.") # ''

On the Night Stage ''On the Night Stage'' is a 1915 American silent Western film directed by Reginald Barker and starring William S. Hart and Rhea Mitchell. The film is based upon a story by C. Gardner Sullivan with the scenario written by Thomas H. Ince. A c ...

'' (Barker, 1915) (story) # '' Winning Back'' (1915) (scenario) # '' On the High Seas'' (1915) # '' The Shoal Light'' (1915) # '' The Tools of Providence'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Floating Death'' (1915) (scenario) # ''

The Reward ''The Reward'' is a 1965 American Western film directed by Serge Bourguignon and starring Max von Sydow, Yvette Mimieux, Efrem Zimbalist Jr. and Gilbert Roland. based on a novel by Michael Barrett. Plot El Paso crop duster Scott Svenson accide ...

'' (scenario) # '' Hostage of the North'' (1915) # '' The Man from Nowhere'', aka ''The Silent Stranger'' (1915) (scenario, story for ''The Silent Stranger'') # ''

The Cup of Life "The Cup of Life" (Spanish: "La Copa de la Vida") is a song recorded by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin for his fourth studio album, '' Vuelve'' (1998). Martin created the song after FIFA requested of him an anthem. The song was written by Lui ...

'' (West, 1915) (writer) # '' The Painted Soul'' (Sidney, 1915) (writer) # ''

The Iron Strain ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

'' (Barker, 1915) (scenario)("Like 'The Iron Strain,' 'The Painted Soul' is from the joint pens of C. Gardner Sullivan and Thomas H. Ince.") # '' The Man Who Went Out'' (1915) # ''

Matrimony Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between ...

'' (Sidney, 1915) (scenario) # '' In the Switch Tower'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Girl Who Might Have Been'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Man from Oregon'' (1915) (scenario) # ''

The Toast of Death ''The Toast of Death'' is a 1915 silent era drama/romance motion picture released by Mutual Film Corporation starring Louise Glaum, Harry Keenan, and Herschel Mayall. Directed by Thomas H. Ince and produced by the New York Motion Picture Compan ...

'' (1915) (scenario) # ''

The Mating ''The Mating'' is a 1918 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Frederick A. Thomson and starring Gladys Leslie, Herbert Rawlinson, Forrest Robinson, John Thomson, and Aida Horton. The film was released by Vitagraph Company of America on Oc ...

'' (1915) (scenario) # '' Between Men'' (1915) (screenplay, story) # '' The Winged Idol'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Golden Claw'' (Barker, 1915) (scenario) # '' The Forbidden Adventure'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Edge of the Abyss'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Scourge of the Desert'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Italian'' (Barker, 1915) (story) - ranked #15 at the box office in 1915 # ''

The Valley of Hate ''The Valley of Hate'' is a 1924 American silent action film directed by Russell Allen and starring Raymond McKee, Helen Ferguson and Earl Metcalfe.Connelly p.427 Synopsis A young man in South Carolina inherits property in a valley he has never ...

'' (1915) # '' The Coward'' (Barker, 1915) # ''

'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (screenplay, story) # '' Peggy'' (Giblyn, 1915) (writer) # ''

The Beckoning Flame ''The Beckoning Flame'' is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by Charles Swickard and featuring Henry Woodruff, Tsuru Aoki, and Rhea Mitchell in pivotal roles. Cast * Henry Woodruff as Harry Dickson *Tsuru Aoki as Janira *Rhea Mitchell as ...

'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Conqueror'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' Honor's Altar'' (1916) (scenario) # ''

The Last Act "The Last Act" is a 1966 short story by Roald Dahl, described by its author as an attempt to write about "murder by fucking." It was first published in the January 1966 issue of ''Playboy'', having been rejected by ''The New Yorker'' because of ...

'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Moral Fabric'' (1916) (scenario) # ''

The Stepping Stone ''The Stepping Stone'' is a 1916 American silent drama film, directed by Reginald Barker and Thomas H. Ince. It is a lost film.Civilization's Child Cast *William H. Thompson: Boss Jim McManus *Anna Lehr: Berna *Jack Standing: Nicolay Turgenev *Dorothy Dalton: Ellen McManus *Clyde Benson: Jacob Weil *J.P. Lockney: Peter Saranoff *J. Barney Sherry: Judge Sims The film ''Civilization's Child' ...

'' (Giblyn, 1916) (writer) # '' The No-Good Guy'' (Edwards, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Dividend'' (1916) (writer) # '' The Beggar of Cawnpore'' (Swickard, 1916) (scenario) # ''

Not My Sister ''Not My Sister'' is a lost film, lost 1916 silent film, silent film drama directed by Charles Giblyn and starring Bessie Barriscale and William Desmond (actor), William Desmond. It was produced by Thomas H. Ince for Kay-Bee Pictures and distribut ...

'' (Giblyn, 1916) (writer) # '' The Market of Vain Desire'' (Barker, 1916) (story) # ''

The Bugle Call ''The Bugle Call'' is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Jackie Coogan and Claire Windsor, which was released on August 6, 1927. The Lost Film Files database lists this film as being lost. Plot Billy ...

'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Eye of the Night'' (Edwards, 1916) (writer) # ''

The Payment ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in En ...

'' (West, 1916) (scenario) # ''

Home A home, or domicile, is a space used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for one or many humans, and sometimes various companion animals. It is a fully or semi sheltered space and can have both interior and exterior aspects to it. H ...

'' (1916) (scenario) # '' A Corner in Colleens'' (Miller, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Dawn Maker'' (Hart, 1916) (screenplay, story) # ''

Plain Jane Plain Jane may refer to: *''Plain Jane'', a 1922 play by McElbert Moore * ''Plain Jane'' (Wednesday Theatre), an Australian TV movie * ''Plain Jane'' (TV series), a U.S. TV series airing on The CW *Plain Jane (band), an American band from the lat ...

'' (Miller, 1916) (scenario) # ''

The Criminal A criminal is a person who commits a crime. Criminal or The Criminal may also refer to: Film and television * ''The Criminal'' (1916 film), an American film of 1916 * ''The Criminal'' (1926 film), a French silent film * ''The Criminal'' (196 ...

'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Corner'' (1916) (screenplay, story) # ''

'' (Barker, 1916) (writer) # ''

'' (Hart and Swickard, 1916) (screenplay, story) # ''

The Green Swamp ''The Green Swamp'' is a 1916 silent drama starring Bessie Barriscale and written by C. Gardner Sullivan.''The American Film Institute Catalog Feature Films: 1911-20'' by The American Film Institute, c.1988 Plot summary The film centers on M ...

'' (Sidney, 1916) (writer) # ''

'' (T. Ince, 1916) (writer) # ''

'' (1916) (scenario) # ''

'' (Hart, 1916) (screenplay, story) # '' The Thoroughbred'' (Bartlett, 1916) (scenario) # '' Three of Many'' (1917) (screenplay, story) # '' The Iced Bullet'' (Barker, 1917) (scenario) # '' The Pinch Hitter'' (1917) (scenario) # ''

Happiness Happiness, in the context of Mental health, mental or emotional states, is positive or Pleasure, pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. Other forms include life satisfaction, well-being, subjective well-being, flourishin ...

'' (Barker, 1917) (writer) # '' The Zeppelin's Last Raid'' (1917) # ''

The Hater of Men ''The Hater of Men'' is a 1917 silent film drama directed by Charles Miller and starring Bessie Barriscale. It was produced by Kay-Bee Pictures and by Triangle Distributing. A print is said to survive in a US archive or private collection. Plot ...

'' (1917) (scenario) # '' The Girl, Glory'' (1917) (scenario) # ''The Crab'' (1917) (scenario) # '' Those Who Pay'' (Wells, 1918) (scenario) # '' Without Honor'' (1918) (story) # '' Keys of the Righteous'' (1918) (screenplay, story) # '' Love Me'' (Neill, 1918) (scenario) # '' The Cast-Off'' (1918) (scenario) # ''

Selfish Yates ''Selfish Yates'' is a 1918 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart. It was directed by and co-produced by Hart along with Thomas H. Ince. Paramount Pictures handled distribution. This is a surviving Hart western at the Museum of ...

'' (Hart, 1917) (screenplay, story) # ''

Shark Monroe ''Shark Monroe'' is a 1918 American silent adventure film directed by William S. Hart and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars William S. Hart, Katherine MacDonald, Joseph Singleton, George A. McDaniel, and Bert Sprotte. The film was re ...

'' (Hart, 1918) (screenplay, story) # ''

Vive la France! ''Vive la France!'' is an extant 1918 silent film war drama directed by Roy William Neill and starring Dorothy Dalton. It was distributed by Famous Players-Lasky and Paramount Pictures. Plot Cast *Dorothy Dalton - Genevieve Bouchette *Edmund L ...

'' (1918) (scenario) # ''

The Border Wireless ''The Border Wireless'' is a lost 1918 American silent Western film produced and directed by William S. Hart and distributed by Artcraft Pictures, an affiliate of Famous Players-Lasky and Paramount Pictures. Hart stars in the film along with Wan ...

'' (Hart, 1918) (writer) # '' When Do We Eat?'' (1918) (screenplay, story) # '' Branding Broadway'' (Hart, 1918) (writer) # '' Naughty, Naughty'' (Storm, 1918) (story) # ''

The Vamp ''The Vamp'' is a musical comedy with music by James Mundy; lyrics by John La Touche (musician), John La Touche; and a Musical theatre#Book musicals, musical book by La Touche and Sam Locke which is based on a story by La Touche. The musical opene ...

'' (Storm, 1918) # ''

The Poppy Girl's Husband ''The Poppy Girl's Husband'' is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by William S. Hart and Lambert Hillyer and written by Jules Boyle and C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars William S. Hart, Juanita Hansen, Walter Long, Fred Starr, Davi ...

'' (Hart and Hillyer, 1919) (scenario) # '' Stepping Out'' (Niblo, 1919) # ''

The Market of Souls ''The Market of Souls'' is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by John Lynch and C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Holmes Herbert, Philo McCullough, Dorcas Mathews, Donald McDonald, and Geo ...

'' (De Grasse, 1919) # ''

John Petticoats ''John Petticoats'' is a 1919 American silent action film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars William S. Hart, Walt Whitman, George Webb, Winifred Westover, Ethel Shannon, and Andrew Arbuckle. The film ...

'' (Hillyer, 1919) (scenario, story) # ''

'' (Hillyer, 1919) (screenplay, story) # ''

Happy Though Married ''Happy Though Married'' is a 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Fred Niblo. Plot As described in a film magazine, Jim Montjoy (MacLean), who is engaged to Millicent Lee (Bennett), goes with his brother Jim (Cooley) to Mexico to make ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (writer) # ''

The Haunted Bedroom ''The Haunted Bedroom'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo and starring Enid Bennett and Dorcas Matthews. The film was also distributed under the title ''The Ghost of Whispering Oaks''.Workman, Christopher; Howarth ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (screenplay, story) # '' Other Men's Wives'' (Schertzinger, 1919) (screenplay, story) # ''

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

'' (Rosson, 1919) (story, scenario) ("This brilliant author is found at his best, it is said, in his newest drama, 'Sahara' ...") # ''

The Virtuous Thief ''The Virtuous Thief'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo. Plot As described in a film magazine, Dick Armitage (Hughes), essentially honest but weak, steals a small sum from his employer, Walter Haskell (Conklin) ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (screenplay, story) # '' Stepping Out'' (1919) (scenario, story) # ''

Dangerous Hours ''Dangerous Hours'' is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo. Prints of the film survive in the UCLA Film and Television Archive. It premiered in February 1920. The film was based on a short story "A Prodigal in Utopia" publ ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (scenario) # '' The Lady of Red Butte'' (1919) (screenplay, story) # ''

The Woman in the Suitcase ''The Woman in the Suitcase'' is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo. A print of the film is held by the Library of Congress. Plot Mary's (Bennett) father James Moreland (Conklin) returns from a business trip to Philadelp ...

'' (1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Love Madness'' (Henabery, 1920) (screenplay, story) # ''

'' (Niblo, 1920) (writer) # ''

The False Road ''The False Road'' is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo. A copy of the film is preserved at the Library of Congress. Plot As described in a film publication, Betty Palmer (Bennett) is in a New York criminal gang. Her swe ...

'' (Niblo, 1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Hairpins'' (Niblo, 1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Good Women'' (Gasnier, 1921) (screenplay, story) # '' Mother O' Mine'' (Niblo, 1921) (adaptation) # ''

Greater Than Love ''Greater Than Love'' is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo. An incomplete print of the film exists in the Library of Congress.''Catalog of Holdings The American Film Institute Collection and The United Artists Collection a ...

'' (Niblo, 1921) (writer) # ''

Hail the Woman ''Hail the Woman'' is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray. Produced by Thomas Ince, it stars Florence Vidor as a woman who takes a stand against the hypocrisy of her father and brother, played by Theodore Roberts a ...

'' (Wray, 1921) (writer) # '' White Hands'' (Hillyer, 1922) (story) # ''

Human Wreckage ''Human Wreckage'' is a 1923 American independent silent drama propaganda film that starred Dorothy Davenport and featured James Kirkwood, Sr., Bessie Love, and Lucille Ricksen. The film was co-produced by Davenport and Thomas H. Ince and dist ...

'' (Wray, 1923) (writer) # ''

Soul of the Beast ''Soul of the Beast'' is a 1923 American silent romantic drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and starring Madge Bellamy, Cullen Landis, and Noah Beery Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American actor ...

'' (Wray, 1923) (story) # '' Dulcy'' (S. Franklin, 1923) (writer) # ''

The Dangerous Maid The Dangerous Maid is a 1923 American silent film, silent historical film, historical comedy-drama film produced and distributed by Joseph M. Schenck Productions and directed by Victor Heerman. Based upon the novel ''Barbara Winslow, Rebel'' by B ...

'' (Heerman, 1923) (writer) # '' Long Live the King'' (Schertzinger, 1923) (adaptation) # ''

Strangers of the Night ''Strangers of the Night'' is a 1923 American silent comedy film directed by Fred Niblo. It was produced by Louis B. Mayer and released through Metro Pictures. The film was adapted by C. Gardner Sullivan from the 1921 stage play, ''Captain Ap ...

'' (Niblo, 1923) (adaptation) # ''

The Goldfish ''The Goldfish'' is a 1924 American silent comedy film directed by Jerome Storm and starring Constance Talmadge, Jack Mulhall, and Frank Elliott. Plot As described in a film magazine review, Jennie Wetherby and her husband Jimmy agree that if ...

'' (Storm, 1924) (writer) # ''

The Marriage Cheat ''The Marriage Cheat'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Leatrice Joy, Adolphe Menjou, Percy Marmont, Laska Winter, Henry A. Barrows, and J. P. Lockney. The f ...

'' (Wray, 1924) (adaptation) # ''

Wandering Husbands ''Wandering Husbands'', also known as ''Loves and Lies'', is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by William Beaudine. It stars James Kirkwood, Lila Lee, and Margaret Livingston. Plot As described in a film magazine review, Diana More ...

'' (Beaudine, 1924) (screenplay, story) # ''

The House of Youth ''The House of Youth'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and starring Jacqueline Logan, Malcolm McGregor and Gloria Grey.Munden p.366 Cast * Jacqueline Logan as Corinna Endicott * Malcolm McGregor as Spike Blaine * Ver ...

'' (R. Ince, 1924) (writer) # ''

The Only Woman ''The Only Woman'' is a 1924 American silent film, silent drama film produced by Joseph M. Schenck for Norma Talmadge Productions and distributed by First National. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with Norma Talmadge as the leading woman.

'' (Olcott, 1924) (writer) # ''

Idle Tongues ''Idle Tongues'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Lambert Hillyer and produced by Thomas H. Ince, one of his last efforts before his death that year. It starred Percy Marmont and Doris Kenyon and was distributed by First National ...

'' (Hillyer, 1924) (adaptation) # '' The Mirage'' (Archainbaud, 1924) (adaptation) # ''

Dynamite Smith ''Dynamite Smith'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Charles Ray, Bessie Love, and Wallace Beery, and was distributed through Pathé Exchange. The film is presumed ...

'' (R. Ince, 1924) (screenplay, story) # ''

Cheap Kisses ''Cheap Kisses'' is a 1924 American silent drama film starring Jean Hersholt as a famous sculptor. This was the first film made by screenwriter C. Gardner Sullivan through his new production company, C. Gardner Sullivan Productions. Sullivan ...

'' (R. Ince and Tate, 1925) (screenplay, story, producer) # '' The Monster'' (West, 1925) (titles) # '' Playing with Souls'' (R. Ince, 1925) (adaptation) # '' The Pinch Hitter'' (1925) (story) # '' Wild Justice'' (C. Franklin, 1925) (screenplay, story) # ''

Tumbleweeds A tumbleweed is a kind of plant habit or structure. Tumbleweed, tumble-weed or tumble weed may also refer to: Films * ''Tumbleweeds'' (1925 film), William S. Hart film * ''Tumbling Tumbleweeds'' (1935 film), Gene Autry film * ''Tumbleweed'' (1 ...

'' (Baggot, 1925) (adaptation) # ''

If Marriage Fails ''If Marriage Fails'' is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by John Ince and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. Plot As described in a film magazine review, Eleanor prefers the company of the unpopular Gene Deering to that of her wealthy ...

'' (J. Ince, 1926) (screenplay, story) # '' Three Faces East'' (Julian, 1926) (adaptation) # '' Bachelor Brides'' (Howard, 1926) (adaptation and scenario) # ''

Sparrows Sparrow may refer to: Birds * Old World sparrows, family Passeridae * New World sparrows, family Passerellidae * two species in the Passerine family Estrildidae: ** Java sparrow ** Timor sparrow * Hedge sparrow, also known as the dunnock or hed ...

'' (Beaudine, 1926) (adaptation) # '' Gigolo'' (Howard, 1926) (supervising story editor) ("C. Gardner Sullivan supervised this picture, which has been unusually well directed by William K. Howard.") # '' Her Man o' War'' (1926) (supervisor) # ''

The Clinging Vine ''The Clinging Vine'' is a 1926 American silent comedy film produced by Cecil B. DeMille and Paul Slone and directed by Sloane. It was distributed by DeMille's Producers Distributing Corporation.

'' (1926) (presenter) # '' Corporal Kate'' (1926) (supervisor) # ''

'' (Sedgwick, 1927) (writer) # ''

Turkish Delight Turkish delight or lokum ( ota, لوقوم) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios, hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; traditional varieties are often f ...

'' (1927) (supervisor) # ''

Vanity Vanity is the excessive belief in one's own abilities or attractiveness to others. Prior to the 14th century it did not have such narcissistic undertones, and merely meant ''futility''. The related term vainglory is now often seen as an archaic s ...

'' (supervisor) # '' The Yankee Clipper'' (1927) (producer) # ''

White Gold Pure gold is slightly reddish yellow in color, but colored gold in various other colors can be produced by alloying gold with other elements. Colored golds can be classified in three groups: * Alloys with silver and copper in various proportions ...

'' (1927) (producer) # '' Tempest'' (Taylor, 1928) (writer) # ''

The Woman Disputed ''The Woman Disputed'' is a 1928 American silent film. Norma Talmadge stars as a good-hearted Austrian prostitute drawn into a romantic triangle on the eve of World War I. Based on a Denison Clift play, the nationalities of the characters had t ...

'' (H. King and Taylor, 1928) (screenplay) # ''

Sadie Thompson Sadie Thompson refers to the main character from "Rain" by W. Somerset Maugham (1921). Several adaptations of that story exist with that title: *''Miss Sadie Thompson'', a 1953 film starring Rita Hayworth as Sadie Thompson * ''Sadie Thompson'' (fil ...

'' (Walsh, 1928) (titles, editor) # '' Alibi'' (West, 1929) (screenplay) # ''

The Locked Door ''The Locked Door'' is a 1929 American pre-Code drama film directed by George Fitzmaurice, and starring Rod LaRocque, Barbara Stanwyck, William "Stage" Boyd and Betty Bronson. It is based on the 1919 play ''The Sign on the Door'' by Channing ...

'' (Fitzmaurice, 1929) (screen adaptation) # ''

'' (1930) (supervising story chief) # '' What Men Want'' (1930) (supervising story editor) # '' Hell's Heroes'' (1930) (chief story supervisor) # ''

The Cuban Love Song ''The Cuban Love Song'' is a 1931 American pre-Code musical film directed by W.S. Van Dyke and written by C. Gardner Sullivan, Bess Meredyth, John Lynch, John Colton, Gilbert Emery, Robert E. Hopkins and Paul Hervey Fox. The film stars Lawren ...

'' (Van Dyke, 1931) (screenplay) # '' Huddle'' (Wood, 1932) (dialogue continuity) # '' Strange Interlude'' (Strange Interval) (Leonard, 1932) (dialogue continuity) # ''

Skyscraper Souls ''Skyscraper Souls'' is a 1932 American Pre-Code Hollywood, pre-Code romantic drama film starring Warren William, Anita Page, Maureen O'Sullivan, Gregory Ratoff, and Verree Teasdale. Directed by Edgar Selwyn, it is based on the 1931 novel ''Skys ...

'' (Selwyn, 1932) (adaptation) # ''

Men Must Fight ''Men Must Fight'' is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film starring Diana Wynyard, Lewis Stone and Phillips Holmes. It is based on the 1932 Broadway play of the same name by Reginald Lawrence and S. K. Lauren.Hall, Mordaunt"Diana Wynyard in a Pict ...

'' (Selwyn, 1933) (writer) # ''

Father Brown, Detective ''Father Brown, Detective '' is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Walter Connolly, Paul Lukas and Gertrude Michael. It is based on the 1910 Father Brown story "The Blue Cross" by G. K. Chesterton. Plot When ...

'' (Sedgwick, 1934) (writer) # '' Car 99'' (Barton, 1935) (screenplay) # '' The Awakening of Jim Burke'' (1935) (story, production supervisor) # ''

Three Live Ghosts ''Three Live Ghosts'' is a novel by Frederic Isham published in 1918. He adapted it into the 1920 Broadway play of the same name produced by Max Marcin. There were also three film adaptations: * ''Three Live Ghosts'' (1922 film), a British come ...

'' (Humberstone, 1936) (screenplay) # '' The Robin Hood of El Dorado'' (1936) (uncredited) # '' The Buccaneer'' (DeMille, 1938) (screenplay) # '' Union Pacific'' (DeMille, 1939) (screenplay) # '' North West Mounted Police'' (DeMille, 1940) (screenplay) # ''

'' (McLeod, 1942) (story) # '' The Buccaneer'' (1958) (based on Sullivan's 1938 screenplay)

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sullivan, C. Gardner 1884 births 1965 deaths University of Minnesota alumni American male screenwriters People from Stillwater, Minnesota Screenwriters from Minnesota Film producers from Minnesota 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American screenwriters