Attica 06-13 Athens 28 Academy of Athens

An academy of sciences is a type of learned society or academy (as special scientific institution) dedicated to sciences that may or may not be state funded. Some state funded academies are tuned into national or royal (in case of the United Kingdom i.e. Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge) as a form of honor. The other type of academies are ''

Academy of Arts An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, f ...

'' or combination of both (e.g., American Academy of Arts and Sciences). ''Academy of Letters'' is another related expression, encompassing literature. In non-English-speaking countries, the range of academic fields of the members of a national Academy of Science often includes

scholarly discipline The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about the subject as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public. It is the me ...

s which would not normally be classed as " science" in English. Many languages use a broad term for systematized learning which includes both natural sciences and social sciences and fields such as literary studies, linguistics, history, or art history. (Often these terms are calques from Latin ''scientia'' (the etymological source of English ''science'') and, accordingly, derivatives of the verb 'know', such as German ''Wissenschaft,'' Swedish ''vetenskap,'' Hungarian ''tudomány,'' Estonian ''teadus'' or Finnish ''tiede''.) Accordingly, for example the Austrian Academy of Sciences ''(Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften),'' the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (''Magyar Tudományos Akadémia''), or the Estonian Academy of Sciences ''(Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia)'' also cover the areas of social sciences and humanities. As the

engineering sciences Engineering physics, or engineering science, refers to the study of the combined disciplines of physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, particularly computer, nuclear, electrical, electronic, aerospace, materials or mechanical en ...

have become more varied and advanced, there is a recent trend in many advanced countries to organize the National Academy of Engineering (or National Academy of Engineering Sciences), separate from the national academy of sciences. Academies of science play an important role in science diplomacy efforts. Academies are increasingly organized in regional or even international associations. The

Interacademy Partnership The InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) is a global network consisting of over 140 national and regional member academies of science, engineering, and medicine. It was founded in 1993 as the InterAcademy Panel (IAP). In 2000, the IAP founded the ''Inte ...

for example is a global network consisting of over 140 national, regional and global member academies of science, engineering and medicine. Additionally, there are many regional associations such as ALLEA in Europe, NASAC as the Network of African Science Academies, IANAS in Latin America, and AASSA in Asia. Apart from national academies of science, there are now increasingly also national young academies. National young academies usually select members for a limited term, normally 4–5 years, after which members become academy alumni. Young academies typically engage with issues important to young scientists. These include, for example, science education or the dialog between science and society. Most young academies are affiliated with a senior Academy of Sciences or with a network of senior academies. The

Global Young Academy The Global Young Academy is an international society of young scientists, aiming to give a voice to young scientists across the globe.... Membership strength is capped at 200, and the membership tenure is 5 years. Organization and membership Th ...

, which itself is a science academy (e.g. full member of

) often serves as a facilitator of the growing global network of young academies. Since its creation, more than 35 national young academies have been established. In 2019, there were 41 national young academies.

List

* Afghanistan – Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan * Albania – Academy of Sciences of Albania * Argentina - National Academy of Sciences of Argentina * Armenia – National Academy of Sciences of Armenia * Austria – Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna *

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

– Australian Academy of Science * Azerbaijan – National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan * Bangladesh –

Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Bangladesh Academy of Sciences is an academic forum for Bangladeshi scientists and technologists. Established in 1973, it aims to fulfill the role of promoting research and development of sciences in Bangladesh. History After the partition of ...

* Belarus –

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB) ( be, Нацыянальная акадэмія навук Беларусі, russian: Национальная академия наук Беларуси, НАН Беларуси, НАНБ) is ...

* Belgium – Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium * Brazil ** Brazilian Academy of Sciences ** Pernambuoc Academy of Science * Bulgaria –

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS; bg, Българска академия на науките, ''Balgarska akademiya na naukite'', abbreviated ''БАН'') is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869. The Academy ...

* Canada **

Royal Society of Canada The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; french: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada (French: ''Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada''), is the senior national, bil ...

** Canadian Academy of Engineering * Chile –

Academia Chilena de Ciencias An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

** Chinese Academy of Sciences ** Chinese Academy of Engineering ** Chinese Academy of Social Sciences **

Hong Kong Academy of Sciences Hong may refer to: Places *Høng, a town in Denmark *Hong Kong, a city and a special administrative region in China *Hong, Nigeria *Hong River in China and Vietnam *Lake Hong in China Surnames *Hong (Chinese name) *Hong (Korean name) Organiz ...

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

– Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica) * Croatia – Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts * Czech Republic – Czech Academy of Sciences * Denmark – Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters * Estonia – Estonian Academy of Sciences * Finland ** Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters ** Finnish Academy of Science and Letters * France –

French Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French Scientific me ...

* Georgia ** Georgian National Academy of Sciences ** Abkhazian Regional Academy of Sciences * Germany

** German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina ** Union of Regional German Academies of Sciences and Humanities: *** Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur *** Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg ***

Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (german: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Munich. It appoints scholars whose research has contributed considerably to the increase of knowledg ...

*** Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities *** Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities *** Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities *** North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts *** Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities ** acatech * Ghana – Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences * Greece – Academy of Athens * Hungary –

Hungarian Academy of Sciences The Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( hu, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA) is the most important and prestigious learned society of Hungary. Its seat is at the bank of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. Its ma ...

* India ** Indian Academy of Sciences ** Indian National Science Academy ** National Academy of Sciences, India * Indonesia ** Indonesian Institute of Sciences ** Indonesian Academy of Sciences * Iran –

Academy of Sciences of Iran The Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, فرهنگستان علوم جمهوری اسلامی ایران) was established in 1988. It is one of the four academies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The other three are: Irania ...

* Italy ** Lincean Academy ** Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (detta dei XL) ** Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana di Scienze Lettere ed Arti ** Accademia delle Scienze dell'Umbria * Israel – Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities *

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

** Science Council of Japan ** Japan Academy * Kazakhstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan * Kyrgyzstan –

National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences (official name National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan), originally part of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, was established as an independent entity by government decree in December 1993. The aims of t ...

Latvia Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...

– Latvian Academy of Sciences * Lebanon – Lebanese Academy of Sciences * Liechtenstein - Naturwissenschaftliches Forum *

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( mk, Македонска Академија на Науките и Уметностите, МАНУ) is an academic institution in North Macedonia. History The Academy of Sciences and Arts was establ ...

* Norway ** Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ** Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters ** Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences * Pakistan –

Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences ( ur, ) ( abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country." Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, ...

* Philippines - National Academy of Science and Technology * Poland ** Polish Academy of Sciences ** Polish Academy of Learning * Portugal – Lisbon Academy of Sciences * Romania – Romanian Academy * Russia – Russian Academy of Sciences * San Marino – International Academy of Sciences San Marino * Serbia – Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts * Singapore – Singapore National Academy of Science * Slovakia – Slovak Academy of Sciences * Slovenia – Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts * South Africa -

Academy of Science of South Africa The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) is the national science academy in South Africa. It was started in 1996, and encompasses all fields of scientific work. Its legal foundation is the ''Academy of Science of South Africa Act'', Act 67 ...

* South Korea – National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea * Soviet Union – Soviet Academy of Sciences * Spain – Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences *

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

– National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka *

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

–

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

– Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences * Taiwan –

Academia Sinica Academia Sinica (AS, la, 1=Academia Sinica, 3=Chinese Academy; ), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from ...

* Thailand ** Royal Institute of Thailand ** Thai Academy of Science and Technology * Turkey **

Turkish Academy of Sciences The Turkish Academy of Sciences ( tr, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi – TÜBA) is an autonomous scholarly association aimed at promoting scientific activities in Turkey. Although it is attached to the office of the Prime Minister and is largely fund ...

** Mesopotamian Academy /Beyt Nahrin Mesopotamian Academy of Arts and Sciences * Ukraine – National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine * United Kingdom ** Royal Society **

Royal Academy of Engineering The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering. The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior ...

** Academy of Medical Sciences ** Scotland –

Royal Society of Edinburgh The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was established i ...

* United States ** National Academies ***

U.S. National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Natio ...

***

U.S. National Academy of Engineering The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American Nonprofit organization, nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Engineering is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along ...

*** U.S. National Academy of Medicine formerly the

Institute of Medicine The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM) until 2015, is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Medicine is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, E ...

*** National Research Council ** American Academy of Arts and Sciences ** State-specific *** California – California Academy of Sciences *** Illinois – Illinois State Academy of Science *** Mississippi –

Mississippi Academy of Sciences Mississippi () is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; a ...

*** Missouri – Academy of Science, St. Louis ***

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

– New York Academy of Sciences *** Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania Academy of Science *** Texas – Texas Academy of Sciences *** Wisconsin – Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters * Vatican City – Pontifical Academy of Sciences * Jordan and the

Islamic world The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In ...

– Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS) *

Developing world A developing country is a sovereign state with a lesser developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreem ...

– TWAS * ASEAN – ASEAN Academy of Engineering and Technology * Academy –

World Academy of Art and Science The World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS), founded in 1960, is an international non-governmental scientific organization and global network of more than 800 scientists, artists, and scholars in more than 90 countries. It serves as a forum for s ...

References

{{Authority control

List

See also

References