Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull

Events

January–February

* January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of

Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1705, it had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Virginia after neighboring Virginia Be ...

is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– American Revolution – Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet '' Common Sense'', arguing for independence from British rule in the Thirteen Colonies. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– American Revolution – South Carolina

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...

s led by Robert Cunningham sign a petition from prison, agreeing to all demands for peace by the formed state government of South Carolina. * January 24 – American Revolution – Henry Knox arrives at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga. *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

– Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of '' The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

– American Revolution – Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge: Scottish North Carolina Loyalists charge across Moore's Creek Bridge near Wilmington, to attack what they mistakenly believe to be a small force of rebels. Several bad leaders are killed in the ensuing battle. The patriot victory virtually ends all British authority in the province.

March–April

* March – Restrictions on the cereal trade in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

are lifted. * March 2– 3 – American Revolutionary War: ** Battle of Nassau: The American

Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War and was founded October 13, 1775. The fleet cumulatively became relatively substantial through the efforts of the Continental Navy's patron John Adams ...

and Marines make a successful assault on

Nassau, Bahamas Nassau ( ) is the capital and largest city of the Bahamas. With a population of 274,400 as of 2016, or just over 70% of the entire population of the Bahamas, Nassau is commonly defined as a primate city, dwarfing all other towns in the country. ...

. **

Battle of the Rice Boats The Battle of the Rice Boats, also called the Battle of Yamacraw Bluff, was a land and naval battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in and around the Savannah River on the border between the Province of Georgia and the Province ...

: American Patriots resist the Royal Navy on the

Savannah River The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. Two tributaries of the Savannah, the Tugaloo River and the Chattooga River, form the norther ...

; British control over the Province of Georgia is lost. * March 4 – American Revolutionary War – American Patriots

capture Capture may refer to: *Asteroid capture, a phenomenon in which an asteroid enters a stable orbit around another body *Capture, a software for lighting design, documentation and visualisation *"Capture" a song by Simon Townshend *Capture (band), an ...

Dorchester Heights, dominating the port of Boston. * March 9 –

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

economist

Adam Smith Adam Smith (baptized 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as "The Father of Economics"——— ...

publishes '' The Wealth of Nations'' in London. * March 17 – American Revolutionary War – Threatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuate Boston, ending the 11‑month

Siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular town ...

. * March 28 ** Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the

Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part o ...

. ** The

Bolshoi Ballet The Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1776, the Bolshoi is among the world's oldest ballet companies. In the early 20th century, it came to internatio ...

, a worldwide known ballet group, founded in Teatralnaxa, Moscow, Russia. * April 12 – American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina produces the Halifax Resolves, making it the first British colony to officially authorize its

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

delegates, to vote for independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

–

Jeongjo Jeongjo of Joseon (28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800), personal name Yi San (Korean language, Korean: 이산; Hanja: 李祘), sometimes called Jeongjo the Great (Korean language, Korean: 정조대왕; Hanja: 正祖大王), was the 22nd monarc ...

becomes the King of Joseon following the death of his grandfather

Yeongjo Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776), personal name Yi Geum ( Korean: 이금, Hanja: 李昑), was the 21st monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Sukjong, by his concubine Royal Noble Consort ...

May–June

* May 1 – Adam Weishaupt founds the '' Illuminati'' in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. * May 4 – Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to

King George III of Great Britain George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

. * May 15– 26 – American Revolution – Battle of the Cedars: British forces skirmish with the American

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

around Les Cèdres, Quebec. *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

– A fire destroys major parts of the town of Askersund,

. * June 7 – American Revolution – Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposes to the

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named "United Colonies" and in 1 ...

(meeting in Philadelphia) that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." * June 8 – American Revolution – Battle of Trois-Rivières: The invading American Continental Army is driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec. * June 11 – American Revolution – The

appoints a Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of Independence. * June 12 – American Revolution – The '' Virginia Declaration of Rights'' (by George Mason) is adopted by the Virginia Convention of Delegates. * June 15 – American Revolution – Delaware Separation Day: The Delaware General Assembly votes to suspend government under the British Crown. * June 17 – Lt. José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on June 29 and, with Father Francisco Palóu, constructing the Mission San Francisco de Asís ("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio of San Francisco, the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– American Revolutionary War – Battle of Sullivan's Island: South Carolina militia repel a British attack on

Charleston Charleston most commonly refers to: * Charleston, South Carolina * Charleston, West Virginia, the state capital * Charleston (dance) Charleston may also refer to: Places Australia * Charleston, South Australia Canada * Charleston, Newfoundlan ...

. * June 29 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet: The American

successfully challenges the British Royal Navy blockade off New Jersey.

July–August

* July 2 – American Revolution – The final U.S. Declaration of Independence (with minor revisions) is written. The Continental Congress passes the Lee Resolution. * July 4 – American Revolution – United States Declaration of Independence: The Continental Congress ratifies the declaration by the United States of its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– American Revolution – The

Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell, previously called the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia. Originally placed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House (now renamed Independence ...

rings in Philadelphia, for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– American Revolution – An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain in Bowling Green. * July 12 – Captain

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

sets off from

Plymouth Plymouth () is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west. Plymouth ...

, England, in HMS ''Resolution'' on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal. * July 21 –

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his ra ...

's '' Serenade No. 7'' (the "Haffner") is first performed in Salzburg, Austria. * July 29 – Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras. * August 1 – The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is established in southern South America. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...

– Most of the American colonies ratify the Declaration of Independence. * August 15 – American Revolution – The first

Hessian A Hessian is an inhabitant of the German state of Hesse. Hessian may also refer to: Named from the toponym *Hessian (soldier), eighteenth-century German regiments in service with the British Empire **Hessian (boot), a style of boot **Hessian f ...

troops land on

Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the city's southwest portion, the borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull an ...

, to join British forces. * August 27 – American Revolution – Battle of Long Island: Washington's troops are defeated in Brooklyn by the British, under William Howe. * August – The guild organisation '' Marchandes de modes'' is founded in Paris.

September–October

* September 1 – The invasion of the Cherokee Nation by 6,000 patriot troops from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina begins. The troops destroy 36 Cherokee towns. * September 6 – A hurricane hits

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

, killing more than 6,000 people. * September 7 – American Revolutionary War – World's first

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

attack: The American submersible craft '' Turtle'' attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship , in

New York Harbor New York Harbor is at the mouth of the Hudson River where it empties into New York Bay near the East River tidal estuary, and then into the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of the United States. It is one of the largest natural harbors in t ...

. * September 9 – The

officially names its union of states the '' United States''. * September 11 – American Revolutionary War – An abortive

peace conference A peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of certain states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities and sign a peace treaty. Significant international peace conferences in the past include the follo ...

takes place between the British and Americans, on

. * September 15 – American Revolutionary War – Landing at Kip's Bay: British troops land on Manhattan at Kips Bay. Nathan Hale hanged by British 1776

* September 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Harlem Heights: The Continental Army under Washington is victorious against the British on Manhattan. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– The

is founded in New Spain. * September 22 – American Revolutionary War –

Nathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured b ...

is executed by the British in New York City, for espionage. * September 24 ** The first running of the St Leger Stakes horse race (not yet named) in England, first of the

British Classic Races The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own ...

, devised by Anthony St Leger (British Army officer), takes place on Cantley Common at Doncaster. The winner is a filly (later named Allabaculia) owned by the organiser, the

2nd Marquess of Rockingham Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, (13 May 1730 – 1 July 1782; styled The Hon. Charles Watson-Wentworth before 1733, Viscount Higham between 1733 and 1746, Earl of Malton between 1746 and 1750 and The Marquess of Rocking ...

. ** The

Bolshoi Theatre The Bolshoi Theatre ( rus, Большо́й теа́тр, r=Bol'shoy teatr, literally "Big Theater", p=bɐlʲˈʂoj tʲɪˈatər) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, originally designed by architect Joseph Bové, which holds ballet and ope ...

company hosts its first annual opera season, with the opening of the ''Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre'' in Saint Petersburg, Russia. * October 7 – Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries

Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg Sophie is a version of the female given name Sophia, meaning "wise". People with the name Born in the Middle Ages * Sophie, Countess of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018–1093), sovereign Countess of Bar and lady of Mousson * Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess of ...

. * October 9 – Father Francisco Palóu founds the Mission San Francisco de Asís, in what is now San Francisco. * October 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Valcour Island: On Lake Champlain near Valcour Island, a British fleet led by Sir

Guy Carleton Guy Carleton may refer to: *Guy Carleton (bishop) (1605–1685), Anglican bishop * Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1724–1808), Irish soldier and early Governor of Canada * Guy Carleton (general), (1857–1946), United States Army major genera ...

defeats 15 American gunboats, commanded by Brigadier General

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...

. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships are destroyed, the two-day-long battle will give Patriot forces enough time to prepare the defenses of New York City. * October 18 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Pell's Point: Troops of the American

resist a British and

force in The Bronx. * October 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of White Plains: British forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans. * October 31 – In his first speech before British Parliament since the Declaration of Independence that summer, King George III acknowledges that all is not going well for Britain, in the war with the United States.

November–December

* November 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Washington: Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American

. The captain of the American navy ship ''

Andrew Doria ''Andrew Doria'' was a brig purchased by the Continental Congress in November 1775. She is most famous for her participation in the Battle of Nassau—the first amphibious engagement by the Continental Navy and the Continental Marines—and for ...

'' fires a salute to the Dutch flag on Fort Oranje, and Johannes de Graaff answers with 11 gun shots. * November 20 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Lee: The invasion of New Jersey, by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army. * December 5 – The

Phi Beta Kappa Society The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal ar ...

is founded at the College of William & Mary in Virginia. * December 6 – The General Assembly of Virginia votes to create

Kentucky County Kentucky County (then alternately spelled Kentucke County) was formed by the Commonwealth of Virginia from the western portion (beyond the Cumberland Mountains) of Fincastle County effective December 31, 1776. The name of the county was taken ...

as the portion of the colony's Fincastle County that is located west of the Cumberland Mountains. In 1792, the county will become the 15th state of the United States as the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The rest of Fincastle County, between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachians is divided into the first county to be named after

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

( Washington County, Virginia) in the south along the border with the North Carolina colony, and

Montgomery County Montgomery County may refer to: Australia * The former name of Montgomery Land District, Tasmania United Kingdom * The historic county of Montgomeryshire, Wales, also called County of Montgomery United States * Montgomery County, Alabama * Mon ...

in the north. The divisions take effect on December 31. * December 7 – American Revolutionary War – The Marquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the American military as a major general. * December 12 – The second Continental Congress ends after a session that began on May 10, 1775, and continued for 582 days.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166 * December 19 – American Revolution – Thomas Paine, living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on '' The American Crisis'' in '' The Pennsylvania Journal'', opening with the stirring phrase, "These are the times that try men's souls." * December 21 – American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into the

State of North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

after adopting its own constitution. Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state. The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton December 26 1776

The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton December 26 1776

* December 25 – American Revolution – At 6 p.m. Gen. George Washington and his troops, numbering 2,400, march to

McConkey's Ferry Washington Crossing Historic Park is a 500-acre (2 km2) state park operated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources in partnership with the Friends of Washington Crossing Park. The park is divided into two sectio ...

, cross the Delaware River, and land on the New Jersey bank by 3 a.m. the following morning. * December 26 – American Revolutionary War –

Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal American Revolutionary War battle on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American m ...

: Washington's troops surprise the 1,500 Hessian troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory, taking 948 prisoners while suffering only five wounded.

Date unknown

Adlan II Adlan II (died 1789) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Sennar (1776 - 1789). He defeated the Vizier Rajab Rajab ( ar, رَجَب) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of the classical Arabic verb ''rajaba'' is "t ...

becomes ruler of the

Kingdom of Sennar The Funj Sultanate, also known as Funjistan, Sultanate of Sennar (after its capital Sennar) or Blue Sultanate due to the traditional Sudanese convention of referring to black people as blue () was a monarchy in what is now Sudan, northwestern E ...

. * The first commercial examples of the Watt steam engine are sold.R. L. Hills, ''James Watt: II The Years of Toil, 1775–1785'' (Landmark, Ashbourne, 2005), 58–65.

Births

* January 1 – James M. Broom, American politician (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a cit ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

– Jeremiah Chaplin, American Reformed Baptist theologian (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the i ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Thomas Morris, American politician (d.

1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

** Bernardino Drovetti, Italian diplomat (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) **

Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois

Jean-Baptiste Prosper J ...

, French Egyptologist (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

** Ferdinand von Schill, German noble (d.

1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...

) ** Auguste Jean Ameil, French soldier (d.

1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. *January 3 - The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is made prisoner in Paraguay accused of being a spy. ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Irish politician (d.

1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

–

Ludwig Rhesa Martin Ludwig Jedemin Rhesa ( lt, Martynas Liudvikas Gediminas Rėza; 9 January 1776 – 30 August 1840) was a Lutheran pastor and a professor at the University of Königsberg in East Prussia. He is best remembered as publisher of Lithuanian text ...

, Prussian scholar (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janua ...

) *

– George Birkbeck, English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d.

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, (15 January 1776 – 30 November 1834) was a great-grandson of King George II of Great Britain and the nephew and son-in-law of King George III. He was the grandson of both Frederick, Pr ...

, Roman-born British prince (d.

1834 Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 � ...

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

** Matthew Brown, American college president (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) ** João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa, Portuguese politician (d.

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...

) ** Richard Onslow, English archdeacon (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...

) * January 17 ''(bapt.)'' – Jane Porter, English novelist (d.

) * January 21 ** Poul Christian Holst, Norwegian politician (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...

) **

Elisha Haley Elisha Haley (January 21, 1776 – January 22, 1860) was a United States Representative from Connecticut. He was born in Groton in the Connecticut Colony where he attended the common schools. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. Haley served i ...

, American politician (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusett ...

) * January 23 – Howard Douglas, British Army general (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...

) * January 24 ** Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, French aristocrat (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Janua ...

)

E. T. A. Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist. Penrith Goff, "E.T.A. Hoffmann" in E ...

, German writer, composer and painter (d.

) **

Peter A. Jay Peter Augustus Jay (January 24, 1776 – February 20, 1843) was a prominent New York lawyer, politician and the eldest son of Founding Father and first United States Chief Justice John Jay. Early life Peter Augustus Jay was born at Liberty ...

, American politician (d.

1843 Events January–March * January ** Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" ...

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) * January 29 – William Bowie, American agrarian (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island o ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

** Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, German biologist (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens's ...

) ** Jan Gerard Kemmerling, Dutch mayor (d.

1818 Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire. ** Mary Shelley's ''Frankenstein'' is published anonymously in London. * January 2 – ...

)

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (d.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...

) * February 12 ** Richard Mant, Irish bishop (d.

) ** Mary Young Pickersgill, American maker of the Star Spangled Banner flag (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, prolific German botanist (d.

1858 Events January–March * January – **Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. **William I of Prussia becomes regent f ...

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (d.

) * February 16 –

Abraham Raimbach Abraham Raimbach (16 February 1776 in London17 January 1843), was an English engraver of Swiss descent. He was born in Cecil Court in the West End of London. Weinreb, Ben & Hibbert, Christopher (1983): ''The London Encyclopaedia,'' p. 129. E ...

, British engraver (d.

) *

** Ross Cuthbert, Canadian politician (d.

) **

Georg zu Münster Count Georg Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm zu Münster (german: Georg Graf zu Münster; 17 February 1776 – 23 December 1844) was a German paleontologist. Biography Münster was born on 17 February 1776, in Langelage near Osnabrück. In 1800, he be ...

, German paleontologist (d.

) * February 18 –

Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke (18 February 1776 – 15 December 1830) was a Prussian general and the first recipient of the Iron Cross. Biography Borcke was born in Stargard, Province of Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia (today Poland) to E ...

, German general (d.

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) b ...

) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

– Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca, Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) * February 21 – Joseph Barss, Canadian privateer, sea captain (d.

1824 May 7: The almost completely deaf Beethoven premieres his Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) , Ninth Symphony Events January–March * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society, ...

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

** John Walter, English newspaper editor (d.

1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Frémont ...

) ** Heneage Horsley, Scottish priest (d.

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– George William Tighe, English expatriate (d.

) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

** Innis Green, American congressman for Pennsylvania (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – T ...

) ** John Paterson, Scottish missionary to Northern Europe (d.

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens ...

) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

–

François Quirouet François Quirouet (February 28, 1776 – September 27, 1844) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born Pierre-François Quirouet in the town of Quebec in 1776. He served in the militia, later becoming lieutenant-c ...

, Canadian politician (d.

) * March 1 **

John Collins John Collins may refer to: Arts and entertainment * John Collins (poet) (1742–1808), English orator, singer, and poet * John Churton Collins (1848–1908), English literary critic * John H. Collins (director) (1889–1918), American director an ...

, American manufacturer, politician (d.

) ** Elias Moore (d.

) * March 3 –

James Parker James, Jim, and Jimmy Parker may refer to: Arts and entertainment *James Cutler Dunn Parker (1828–1916), American musician * James Ervan Parker (born 1942), American singer-songwriter *James Stewart Parker (1941–1988), English playwright an ...

, American politician (d.

1868 Events January–March * January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries. * January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Jap ...

) * March 4 – Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest, Russian army commander (d.

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison s ...

) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

–

Gerard Troost Gerardus Troost (March 5, 1776 – August 14, 1850) was a Dutch-American medical doctor, naturalist, mineralogist, and founding member and first president of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.; archive.org copie Biography Troost was ...

, American mineralogist (d.

) * March 6 – Luigi Lambruschini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teut ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

– Timothy Ruggles, Canadian politician (d.

) * March 8 **

David Rogerson Williams David Rogerson Williams (March 8, 1776November 17, 1830) was a representative in the United States Congress and the 45th governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. Early life and career Born in Darlington County in the Province of South Ca ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Samuel Tweedy Samuel Tweedy (March 8, 1776 – July 1, 1868) was a United States representative from Connecticut. Born at Nine Partners, New York in 1776, he later moved to Danbury, Connecticut. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives i ...

, American politician (d.

) * March 9 ** Thomas Evans, British Army general (d.

) ** Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary, Archduke of Austria (d.

)

Grassi, Josef Mathias - Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz

* March 10 **

Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie; 10 March 1776 – 19 July 1810) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III. The couple's happy, though short-lived, marriage produced nine child ...

, Queen of Prussia (d.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...

) **

Étienne Ranvoyzé Étienne Ranvoyzé (March 10, 1776 – August 9, 1826) was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in Quebec City, and was the son of silversmith François Ranvoyzé, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He article ...

, Canadian politician (d.

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

– Lady Hester Stanhope, English archaeologist (d.

) * March 15 –

Aimé Picquet du Boisguy Aimé Casimir Marie Picquet, chevalier du Boisguy, sometimes spelt Bois-Guy, (15 March 1776 – 25 October 1839), was a Breton chouan general during the French Revolution. He was nicknamed "the little general" by his men due to his youth. Still a ...

, French chouan general during the French Revolution (d.

) * March 17 – Joel Abbot, American politician (d.

) * March 19 – Philemon Beecher, American politician (d.

) * March 20 ** Joshua Bates, American educator (d.

) ** Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English politician (d.

) *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– John Frederick Frelinghuysen, United States general (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833), Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto ...

) * March 23 ** Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto, English politician (d.

) ** Vicente Salias, Venezuelan doctor (d.

) * March 24 – Zusho Hirosato, Japanese samurai (d.

) * March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist, politician (d.

) * March 30 – Vasily Tropinin, Russian artist (d.

) *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

– Joseph Küffner, German musician, composer (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voyag ...

) * April 1 **

Pierre François Bellot Pierre François Bellot (April 1, 1776 in Geneva – March 17, 1836 in Geneva) was a Swiss jurist and politician. Bellot, who never married, studied law in Geneva and was admitted to the bar in 1798. From 1819 to his death he was professor for civ ...

, Swiss jurist (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) ** Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d.

) * April 3 ** François Blanchet, Canadian physician, politician (d.

) ** Mary Anne Clarke, English mistress of Prince Frederick (d.

) * April 6 – Jesse Bledsoe, American politician (d.

) * April 11 ** Macvey Napier, Scottish legal scholar, one of the editors of the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (d.

) **

Jerome Inglott Jerome Inglott (1776–1835) was a Maltese philosopher and theologian. His areas of specialisation in philosophy were chiefly metaphysics and ontology. He held the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Malta (1822–27), and was one of the Ph ...

, Maltese philosopher (d.

1835 Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. ...

) * April 12 ** Henry Hezekiah Cogswell, Canadian politician (d.

) **

Henry Hobhouse Henry Hobhouse may refer to: * Henry Hobhouse (archivist) (1776–1854), English archivist * Henry Hobhouse (East Somerset MP) Henry Hobhouse (1 March 1854 – 25 June 1937) was an English landowner and Liberal, and from 1886 Liberal Unionis ...

, English archivist (d.

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

Wilhelm von Schütz Christian Wilhelm von Schütz (Berlin, 13 April 1776 – Leipzig, 9 August 1847) was a German author. Biography Schütz was, among other things, a minor Romantic writer, who first became well-known as a playwright (with ''Lacrimas'', in 1802). A f ...

, German author, playwright (d.

) * April 15 –

John Anstruther-Thomson Colonel John Anstruther-Thomson of Charleton (15 April 1776 – 10 April 1833) was a Scottish nobleman and Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry. Family Anstruther-Thomson was the son of Colonel John Anstruther and Grizel Maria Thomson ...

, Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d.

) * April 17 –

Jean-François Roger Jean-François Roger, sometimes called François Roger (17 April 1776, Langres – 1 March 1842), was a French politician, journalist, poet and dramatic author. During the Revolution, at 16 years of age, he and his family were imprisoned for seven ...

, French poet, politician (d.

) * April 20 **

Augustin-Marie d'Aboville Baron Augustin-Marie d'Aboville (1776–1843) was a French artillery officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, who rose to the rank of general of brigade. He was the son of General François-Marie d'Aboville (1730–1817) ...

, French artillerist during the Revolution (d.

) ** William Weston Young, English Quaker businessman (d.

) * April 25 ** James Miller, American politician (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) **

Edward Solly Edward Solly (25 April 1776 – 2 December 1844) was an English merchant living in Berlin, who amassed an unprecedented collection of Italian Trecento and Quattrocento paintings and outstanding examples of Early Netherlandish painting, at a tim ...

, English merchant, art collector (d.

) ** Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, member of the British Royal Family (d.

) *

Hyacinthe Jadin Hyacinthe Jadin (27 April 1776 – 27 September 1800) was a French composer who came from a musical family. His uncle Georges Jadin was a composer in Versailles and Paris, along with his father Jean Jadin, who had played bassoon for the French Roy ...

, French composer (d.

1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...

) ** John Cunningham, Canadian politician (d.

) * April 28 ** Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville, English politician (d.

1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final u ...

) ** Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar, Portuguese nobleman (d.

) * May 4 – Johann Friedrich Herbart, German philosopher, psychologist (d.

) * May 5 –

Valentine Efner Valentine Efner (May 5, 1776 – November 20, 1865) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from New York (state), New York, serving one term in office from 1835 to 1837. Biography Born in Blenheim Hill, near Blenheim ...

, American politician (d.

1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...

) * May 6 ** Stephen Rumbold Lushington, English politician, administrator in Madras (d.

) ** Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, Russian field marshal (d.

) **

Rensselaer Westerlo Rensselaer Westerlo (May 6, 1776April 18, 1851) was a United States representative from New York and a member of the Livingston family. Early life Rensselaer Westerlo was born on May 6, 1776 at the Van Rensselaer Manor House in Albany in the P ...

, American politician (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

** Edward Leveson-Gower, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) **

Prince Bagrat of Georgia Bagrat ( ka, ბაგრატი) (8 May 1776 – 8 May 1841) was a Georgian royal prince (''batonishvili'') of the House of Bagrationi and an author. A son of King George XII of Georgia, Bagrat occupied important administrative posts in the la ...

(d.

) * May 9 – Thomas Maguire, Canadian Catholic priest (d.

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– George Thomas Smart, English musician (d.

1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...

) * May 13 – Jett Thomas, American militia general (d.

1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...

) * May 17 – Amos Eaton, American botanist (d.

) * May 18 –

Dennis Pennington Dennis Pennington (May 18, 1776 – September 2, 1854) was a farmer and a stonemason who became known for his many years in public office as an early legislator in the Indiana Territory and in Indiana's General Assembly as a representative of ...

, American politician (d.

) * May 20 ** Simon Fraser, Canadian explorer (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) ** Víctor Rosales, Mexican rebel (d.

) * May 29 – Peter Erasmus Müller, Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d.

) * May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza, American mayor (d.

) * June 1 **

George Schetky George Schetky (June 1, 1776 – 1831) was an American composer. Schetky was a violoncellist, music teacher, conductor, and one of the first American composers. He was also a music publisher with Benjamin Carr as his partner. Born in Edinburgh, Sc ...

, American conductor (d.

) **

Giuseppe Zamboni Giuseppe Zamboni (June 1, 1776 – July 25, 1846) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and physicist who invented the Zamboni pile, an early electric battery similar to the voltaic pile. Biography He was born in either Venice (or, depending o ...

, Italian Catholic priest, physicist (d.

) * June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten, American politician (d.

) *

– William Reed, American politician (d.

) * June 8 – Thomas Rickman, English architect, architectural antiquary (d.

)

* June 11 –

John Constable John Constable (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romanticism, Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedha ...

, English landscape painter (d.

) * June 12 ** Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (d.

) ** José Manuel de Goyeneche, 1st Count of Guaqui, Spanish soldier, diplomat (d.

) ** Pierre Révoil, French painter (d.

) * June 19 – Francis Johnson, American politician (d.

) *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

** Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, Princess of Liechtenstein (d.

) ** Charles Horsfall, English merchant, politician (d.

) **

William Wadd William Wadd (21 June 1776 – 29 August 1829) was a 19th-century British surgeon and medical author. Wadd, the eldest son of Solomon Wadd (''d''. 1821), a surgeon, who lived and practised for more than half a century in Basinghall Street, Londo ...

, English surgeon, medical author (d.

1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's ''Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * March ...

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– Stephen Longfellow, American politician (d.

) *

– Charles Mathews, English actor (d.

) * June 29 –

George Okill Stuart George Okill Stuart (June 29, 1776 – October 5, 1862) was an Anglican clergyman and educator who was born into a Loyalist family that came to Canada in 1781. He was born at Fort Hunter near Amsterdam, New York, the son of the Reverend John Stua ...

, Canadian clergyman (d.

) *

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

** Samuel Thatcher, American politician (d.

1872 Events January–March * January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years. * February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on ...

) ** Sophie Gay, French author (d.

) * July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, Anglo-Irish politician (d.

) * July 4 ** Pär Aron Borg, Swedish sign language creator (d.

) ** Ethan Allen Brown, American politician (d.

) * July 5 **

Daniel Dobbins Daniel Dobbins (January 5, 1776 – February 29, 1856) was a sailing master in the United States Navy and captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service. He fought in the War of 1812 and was in charge of the building of the ships at Eri ...

, captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service (d.

) ** Bernard Smith, American politician (d.

) * July 10 –

Samuel Powell Samuel Powell (July 10, 1776 – August 2, 1841), was an American politician who represented Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives. Biography Powell was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and Ph ...

, American politician (d.

) * July 11 – William Bradbery, English entrepreneur (d.

) * July 12 – John Christian, Manx judge (d.

) * July 13 – Caroline of Baden, Queen of Bavaria (d.

) * July 14 –

Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil (14 July 1776 – 17 August 1832) was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon during the first Empire and Restoration, eventually rising to the rank of brigadier general. He lost his left leg after he was wounded in t ...

, French soldier (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...

) * July 16 ** Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician, naturalist (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place on Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, b ...

) **

Johann Georg von Soldner Johann Georg von Soldner (16 July 1776 in Feuchtwangen, Ansbach – 13 May 1833 in Bogenhausen, Munich) was a German physicist, mathematician and astronomer, first in Berlin and later in 1808 in Munich. Life He was born in Feuchtwangen in Ans ...

, German physicist (d.

) * July 17 – John Neilson, Canadian politician (d.

) * July 18 – John Struthers, Scottish poet (d.

) * July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Austrian musician (d.

) * July 22 ** Etheldred Benett, English geologist (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...

) ** Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d.

1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...

) * July 26 – Pierre Fouquier, French physician, professor of medicine (d.

) * July 29 – James McSherry, American politician (d.

) * July 30 – Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet, British general (d.

) * August 1 ** Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, Governor General of British North America (1835-1837) (d.

) **

Jean Corbineau Jean-Baptiste Juvénal Corbineau (1 August 1776, Marchiennes – 18 December 1848, Paris) was a French cavalry general of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global confl ...

, French cavalry general (d.

) *

** Thomas Assheton Smith II, English cricketer (d.

) ** Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist (d.

) * August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche, French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d.

) * August 5 **

Sophie d'Artois Sophie is a version of the female given name Sophia, meaning "wise". People with the name Born in the Middle Ages * Sophie, Countess of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018–1093), sovereign Countess of Bar and lady of Mousson * Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess o ...

, French princess (d.

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

) ** John Willson, Canadian judge (d.

) *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– William Crooks, Canadian politician (d.

) * August 9 ** Jacob Munch, Norwegian painter, military officer (d.

)

** Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d.

) * August 12 **

Thomas Millidge, Jr. Thomas Millidge (August 12, 1776 – August 21, 1838) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented St. John County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1816 to 1820. He was born in New Jersey, the son ...

, New Brunswick businessman, political figure (d.

) ** David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, British politician (d.

) * August 13 –

Abraham Shepherd Abraham Shepherd (1776–1847) was a politician from Ohio, United States who was a leader of both houses of the Ohio General Assembly early in the 19th century. Early life Abraham Shepherd was born August 13, 1776, in Shepherdstown, Virginia, (n ...

, American politician (d.

) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating t ...

** Prince Christian of Hesse (d.

) ** Christian Friedrich Tieck, German sculptor (d.

) * August 15 ** Ignaz von Seyfried, Austrian musician (d.

) **

Gottlieb Schick Christian Gottlieb Schick (15 August 1776 – 7 May 1812) was a German Neoclassical painter. His history paintings, portraits, and landscapes are characterized by romantic tendencies. Of these, he is best known for his portraits. Life and w ...

, German artist (d.

1812 Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of ...

) *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

Amalia von Helvig Anna Amalia von Helvig (August 16, 1776 – September 17, 1831) was a German and Swedish artist, writer, translator, socialite, Salonist and culture personality. She is known as an inspiration for many artists. She was a member of the Royal Swed ...

, German and Swedish artist (d.

) **

Philipp Jakob Riotte Philipp Jakob Riotte (16 August 1776 – 1856) was a German composer who lived primarily in Vienna. In the 1820s, his works were among the most-performed at the Theater an der Wien. He was a contemporary of Ludwig van Beethoven. Very few of his w ...

, German composer (d.

) ** Monaldo Leopardi, Italian philosopher (d.

) **

Jean-Roch Coignet Jean-Roch Coignet (16 August 1776 – 10 December 1865) was a French soldier who served in the military campaigns of the Consulate and First French Empire, up through the Battle of Waterloo. He later wrote his memoirs detailing his military ...

, French soldier (d.

) * August 18 ** Agustín Argüelles, Spanish liberal politician (d.

) ** Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, England (d.

) ** Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet, English politician (d.

) *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

** Joseph Healy, American politician (d.

) **

Elizabeth Parke Custis Law Elizabeth (Eliza) Parke Custis Law (August 21, 1776 – December 31, 1831)"Obituary: Elizabeth Parke Custis Law", ''Richmond Enquirer'', 3 January 1832 was the eldest granddaughter of Martha Dandridge Washington and a step-grandchild of George Was ...

, American matriarch (d.

) * August 22 – Carlo Amati, Italian architect (d.

) * August 23 **

Jens Peter Debes Jens Peter Gløersen Debes (23 August 1776 – 1 August 1832) was a Norwegian judge and politician. He was born in Gamlebyen as a son of Ole Gløersen Debes and Maren Jensdatter Schultz. His father worked as manager of Oslo Hospital. Debes graduat ...

, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (d.

) * August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel, British admiral (d.

) * August 26 **

Ferdynand Stokowski Ferdynand Ignacy Stokowski (26 August 1776, in Sierpowie – 1827) was a Polish officer in the French army of the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the squadron commanders of the Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard and made a baro ...

, Polish general (d.

) **

Henry A. Livingston Henry Alexander Livingston (August 26, 1776 – June 9, 1849) was an American politician from New York. Life Livingston was born on August 26, 1776. He was the only child of John Henry Livingston (1746–1825), President of Queen's College ...

, American politician (d.

) * August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Danish-German statesman, historian (d.

) * August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke, German librettist (d.

) * September 1 ** Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie, French general, politician (d.

) **

Ezekiel Bacon Ezekiel Bacon (September 1, 1776 – October 18, 1870) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts and New York. Early life Ezekiel Bacon was born on September 1, 1776, in Boston, Massachusetts to Elizabeth (née Goldthwaite) and ...

, American politician (d.

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...

) * September 3 – Étienne Mayrand, Canadian politician (d.

) * September 4 –

Stephen Whitney Stephen Whitney (September 4, 1776 – February 16, 1860) was an American merchant. He was one of the wealthiest merchants in New York City in the first half of the 19th century. His fortune was considered second only to that of John Jacob Ast ...

, American merchant (d.

) * September 5 –

Augustus Simon Frazer Augustus Simon Frazer KCB FRS (5 September 177611 June 1835), commanded the artillery at the British invasions of the Río de la Plata (1807) and the Royal Horse Artillery on Wellington's staff in the Peninsular War, and later during the Water ...

, French-born British Army officer (d.

) * September 8 **

Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg (''Amelia Charlotte Wilhelmina Louise''; 7 August 1776 in Kirchheimbolanden – 19 February 1841 at Schaumburg Castle, near Limburg an der Lahn) was a Princess of Nassau by birth and by marriage Duchess of Anhalt ...

, German noblewoman (d.

) **

Heinrich Meldahl Heinrich Meldahl (8 September 1776 – 24 February 1840) was a Danish industrial designer, architect and the owner of an iron foundry. Early life Heinrich Joachim Meldahl was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Christen Larsen Meldahl ...

, Norwegian builder (d.

) * September 9 ** Parmenio Adams, American politician (d.

) **

Calvin Pease Calvin Pease (September 9, 1776–September 17, 1839) was a lawyer and legislator in the U.S. State of Ohio who was in the Ohio Senate, in the Ohio House of Representatives, and an Ohio Supreme Court Judge 1816-1830. Early life Calvin Pease ...

, Ohio jurist, legislator (d.

) ** Philip Broke, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) * September 11 –

Thomas Arbuthnot Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, KCB (11 September 1776 – 26 January 1849"''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''") was a British Army commander. Military career He was born in Rockfleet Castle, County Mayo, Ireland, the six ...

, British Army general (d.

) * September 15 ** William Baylies, American politician (d.

) **

Calvin Willey Calvin Willey (September 15, 1776August 23, 1858) was an American politician from Connecticut who served in the United States Senate from 1825 to 1831. Early life and education Willey was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, and attended common scho ...

, American politician (d.

) *

– Langdon Cheves, American politician (d.

) * September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, English politician (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) * September 21 **

Karl Gustav Bonuvier Karl Gustav Bonuvier (21 September 1776 – 1 August 1858), was a Swedish stage actor and theatre director, active in Sweden and Finland. He is remembered for having founded the first theatre house in Finland. Life Bonuvier was the son of Peter Bo ...

, Swedish actor, theatre director (d.

) ** John Fitchett, English poet (d.

) * September 27 ** Peter Shaver, Canadian politician (d.

1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman tr ...

) **

Maria Versfelt Maria Johanna Elselina Versfelt (27 September 1776 – 19 May 1845), also known as Ida Saint-Elme, Elzelina av Aylde Jonghe, and by her pseudonym La Contemporaine, was a Dutch writer and stage actress, known for her adventurous life with the armi ...

, Dutch writer, actor (d.

) * October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin, Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d.

) * October 3 – Thomas Walsh, Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d.

) * October 4 **

Giovanni Battista Bellé Giovanni Battista Bellé (4 October 1776 - 30 June 1844) was an Italian priest who became Bishop of Mantua, based in the city of Mantua, Italy. Giovanni Battista Bellé was born in Lodi, Lombardy, on 4 October 1776. He was ordained a priest on 28 ...

, Italian Bishop of Mantova (d.

) ** Antonio Tosti, Italian cardinal-priest (d.

) **

Mariano Lagasca Mariano Lagasca y Segura (1776–1839), also known as Mariano la Gasca, was a Spanish botanist, writer and doctor. He was the director of the ''Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid'' (Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid). Early life Mariano Lag ...

, Spanish botanist (d.

) * October 6 ** Hirata Atsutane, Japanese theologian of the Shintō religion (d.

) **

James Duff, 4th Earl Fife James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, KT, GCH (6 October 1776 – 9 March 1857), was a Scot who became a Spanish general. Biography James was the elder son of the Hon. Alexander Duff, who succeeded his brother as third Earl Fife in 1809. He was educate ...

, Scottish-born Spanish general (d.

) ** James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, English politician (d.

) * October 8 –

Pieter van Os Pieter Gerardus van Os (8 October 1776 – 28 March 1839) was a Dutch painter and engraver and a member of the renowned Van Os family of artists. Van Os was born in The Hague the son of Jan van Os. He studied with his father and from 1794 to 1 ...

, Dutch painter, engraver (d.

) * October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé, French Navy officer, captain (d.

) * October 13 ** Peter Barlow, English mathematician (d.

) ** John Gibb, Scottish civil engineering contractor (d.

) * October 14 **

Samuel Rexford Samuel Rexford (October 14, 1776 Claverack, then in Albany Co., now in Columbia County, New York - February 24, 1857 Lock Haven, Clinton County, Pennsylvania) was an American politician from New York. Life He was in the lumber business. He was ...

, New York politician (d.

) **

Robert Townsend Farquhar Sir Robert Townsend Farquhar, 1st Baronet (1776 – 16 March 1830) was an influential British merchant of the early nineteenth century who served as a colonial governor and Member of Parliament. During his lengthy service for both the East India ...

, British colonial administrator (d.

) * October 18 –

Cowles Mead Cowles Mead (October 18, 1776 – May 17, 1844) was a United States representative from Georgia. Born in Virginia, he received an English education and became a private practice lawyer. He presented credentials as a member-elect to the 9th Uni ...

, American politician (d.

) * October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre, British judge (d.

) * October 21 – George Izard, United States general (d.

1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized. * January 22 – Arthu ...

) * October 22 –

Edward Draper Edward Alured Draper (22 October 1776 in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom – 22 April 1841 in Rivière Noire, Mauritius) was a military officer in the British Army and civil servant in Mauritius. Draper was educated at Eton College. In 1793 he mat ...

, British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d.

) * October 25 – Patrick Neill, Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d.

) * October 28 – Joachim Haspinger, Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d.

) * October 30 **

George M. Bibb George Mortimer Bibb (October 30, 1776 – April 14, 1859) was an American lawyer and politician and the seventeenth United States Secretary of the Treasury. He was chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals and twice represented Kentucky as ...

, American politician (d.

) ** John Hahn, American politician (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutio ...

) * October 31 –

Francis Locke Jr. Francis Locke Jr. (October 31, 1766 – January 8, 1823) was a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina. Family Francis Locke was the son of Francis Locke Sr. (1722–1796) (a Revolutionary War participant) and Anne Brandon (b.abt. 1737). ...

, American politician (d.

) * November 1 – Abraham McClellan, American politician (d.

) * November 5 – Abraham Teerlink, Dutch painter (d.

) * November 7 ** Bartow White, American politician (d.

) ** James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline, British politician (d.

) * November 10 ** Samuel Gross, American politician (d.

) ** Henry Seymour (Knoyle), British politician (d.

) **

General Washington Johnston General Washington Johnston (November 10, 1776 – October 26, 1833) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia. General was his given name.Curtis G. Shake, General Washington Johnston; an Early Opponent of Slavery, ''The Builders Magazine'' (July 19 ...

, American politician (d.

) * November 11 –

Philip E. Thomas Philip Evan Thomas (November 11, 1776 – September 1, 1861) was the first president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) from 1827 to 1836. He has been referred to as "The Father of American Railways". The Thomas Viaduct bridge in Relay, Mar ...

, American banker, railroad executive (d.

) * November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (d.

) * November 15 ** Aaron Manby, English civil engineer, founder of the Horseley Ironworks (d.

) ** Pehr Henrik Ling, Swedish physical therapist (d.

) * November 17 **

Friedrich Christoph Schlosser Friedrich Christoph Schlosser (17 November 1776 – 23 September 1861) was a German historian, Professor of History at the University of Heidelberg and a Privy Councillor in Prussia. Early years He was born at Jever Jever () is the capital of ...

, German historian (d.

) **

Robert Trimble Robert Trimble (November 17, 1776 – August 25, 1828) was a lawyer and jurist who served as Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals, as United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kentucky and as Ass ...

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is any member of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the Judiciary Act of 18 ...

(d.

) * November 20 ** William Blackwood, Scottish publisher (d.

) **

Maximilian Seyssel d'Aix Maximilian "Max" Graf Seyssel d'Aix (20 November 1776 – 12 September 1855) was a Bavarian Lieutenant General. Birth Seyssel d'Aix was born in Munich as a member of the Seyssel d'Aix family, which moved from the Savoy to Bavaria in the beginning ...

, German general (d.

) * November 24 ** Jean-Joseph Marcel, French printer and engineer (d.

) **

Matthew John Tierney Sir Matthew John Tierney, Bart. (24 November 1776 – 28 October 1845) was an Irish surgeon who became Physician-in-Ordinary to Kings George IV and William IV of the United Kingdom. He gained a reputation for his study of vaccination. Life He ...

, Irish surgeon (d.

) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

–

Harcourt Lees The Reverend Sir Harcourt Lees (29 November 1776 – 7 March 1852 in Blackrock, Dublin, Blackrock, near Dublin) was an Irish Cleric, clergyman and political pamphleteer on behalf of Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. He is best known for his s ...

, Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d.

) * November 30 ** Philippe André de Vilmorin, French horticulturist (d.

) ** Bartholomew Frere, English diplomat (d.

) * December 1 ** Elijah H. Mills, American politician (d.

) **

Isaac Lacey Isaac Lacey (December 1, 1776 in Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut – April 28, 1844 in Chili Center, Monroe County, New York) was an American politician from New York. Life He was the son of Ebenezer Lacey and Mary (Hurd) Lacey. ...

, American politician (d.

) * December 2 –

Louis Alexis Baudoin Louis Alexis Baudoin (Saint-Jean-d'Angély, 2 December 1776 — ''Fougueux'', off Trafalgar, 21 October 1805Quintin, pp. 50–51) was a French Navy officer and captain. Career After sailing on merchantmen, Baudouin joined the Navy as a temporar ...

, French naval officer (d.

1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...

)

* December 3 ** Yashwantrao Holkar, Ruler of Holkar State (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...

) ** Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician, botanist (d.

) * December 5 –

Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (5 December 1776 – 24 January 1851) was a German surgeon, ophthalmologist and anatomist who was a native of Horneburg. Biography Langenbeck studied medicine at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, and in 1802 ...

, German surgeon (d.

) * December 6 – Theodorick Bland, United States federal judge (d.

) * December 7 – Reuben Whallon, American politician (d.

) * December 8 ** Theodore Dehon, second Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina (d.

) ** William Logan, American politician (d.

) * December 10 ** Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este, second wife of Charles Theodore (d.

) ** David Marchand, American politician (d.

) ** Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy, German banker, father of classical composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (d.

) * December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, English lawyer, politician (d.

) * December 13 – James Hawkes, American politician (d.

) * December 14 –

Ingelbrecht Knudssøn Ingelbrecht Knudssøn (14 December 1776 – 21 March 1826) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician. Knudssøn was born at Byneset in Sør-Trøndelag. He received his law certification from the University of Copenhagen in 1804. He was a jud ...

, Norwegian politician (d.

) * December 16 ** Narciso Durán, Spanish Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d.

)

Johann Wilhelm Ritter Johann Wilhelm Ritter (16 December 1776 – 23 January 1810). was a German chemist, physicist and philosopher. He was born in Samitz (Zamienice) near Haynau (Chojnów) in Silesia (then part of Prussia, since 1945 in Poland), and died in Munic ...

, German chemist (d.

) * December 19 ** Lord Edward Somerset, British Army general (d.

) ** Lars Roverud, Norwegian musician (d.

) ** Eusebio Bardají y Azara, Prime Minister of Spain (d.

) * December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada, President of Colombia (d.

) * December 25 –

John Slater John Slater may refer to: Business and government *John Slater (industrialist) (1776–1843), (American) father of John Fox Slater, brother and partner of Samuel Slater *John Fox Slater (1815–1884), American philanthropist, son of John Slater ( ...

, American businessman (d.

) * December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith, British artist (d.

) * December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d.

) * December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt, Swedish politician (d.

) *

December 30 Events Pre-1600 *534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire. *999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...

– William Drayton, American politician (d.

) * December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (d.

)

Deaths

Desmarées - Maria Anna of Bavaria, Rastatt

Francisca Christina of the Palatinate-Sulzbach princess-abbess of Essen and Thorn

–

James Gabriel Montresor James Gabriel Montresor (19 November 1704 – 6 January 1776) was a British military engineer. Early life and the western Mediterranean Montresor was born on Broad Street or St. James's, Westminster, 19 November 1704, the son of James Gabriel le ...

, British military engineer (b.

1704 In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–June * January 7 – Partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in ...

) *

–

James Frye James Frye (b. in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1709; d. 8 January 1776) was a colonial soldier. He filled several local offices and served at the capture of Louisburg in 1745. He was the colonel in command the Essex County regiment (known as Fry ...

, colonial soldier (b.

1709 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John' ...

) * January 12 –

Johann Philipp Murray Johann Philipp Murray (30 July 1726 – 12 January 1776) was a German historian who was mainly interested in early Nordic studies and the relations between England and Scandinavia. Biography Johann Philipp Murray was born on 30 July 1726 in Schl ...

, German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b.

1726 Events January–March * January 23 – (January 12 Old Style) The Conventicle Act (''Konventikelplakatet'') is adopted in Sweden, outlawing all non-Lutheran religious meetings outside of church services. * January 26 – ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

– Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b.

1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ref ...

) * January 21 –

Jacques de Romas Jacques de Romas (13 October 1713 – 21 January 1776) was a French physicist. He held a judiciary office in the présidial of his lifelong hometown of Nérac. As a hobbyist, he was a polymath scientist until specialising in electricity.Luis Figui ...

, French physicist (b.

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Élisabeth Catherine Ballard "La veuve Boivin" (1704 – 13 February 1776) real name Élisabeth Catherine Boivin, widow of François Boivin and Jean-Christophe Ballard's daughter, was an 18th-century French music publisher in Paris. The music publishing house was founded in ...

(b.

) * February 18 – Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (b.

) * March 4 – Johann Georg Ziesenis, German – Danish portrait painter (b.

1716 Events January–March * January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding ...

) *

–

Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville Pierre Robert Le Cornier de Cideville (2 September 1693 – 5 March 1776), was a French magistrate and scholar, co-founder of the Academy of Rouen. Cideville, who was born at Rouen (Normandy), the descendant by his mother, of the poet Chapelle, ...

, French magistrate and scholar (b.

1693 Events January–March * January 11 – 1693 Sicily earthquake: Mount Etna erupts, causing a devastating earthquake that affects parts of Sicily and Malta. * January 22 – A total lunar eclipse is visible across North and South Ameri ...

) *

– John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b.

1737 Events January–March * January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parma an ...

) * March 10 ** Élie Catherine Fréron, French critic (b.

1719 Events January–March * January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish- Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydal mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,7 ...

) **

Niclas Sahlgren Niclas Sahlgren (in full Nicolaus Sahlgren) (18March 1701 10March 1776), was a Swedish merchant and philanthropist. Born into a wealthy merchant family in Gothenburg as the son of Nils Pehrsson Sahlgren and Sara Herwegh, Sahlgren was sent at th ...

, Swedish merchant, philanthropist (b.

1701 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 12 – Parts of the Netherlands adopt the Gregorian cal ...

) * March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (b.

) * March 26 – Samuel Ward, American politician (b.

1725 Events January–March * January 15 – James Macrae, a former captain of a freighter for the British East India Company, is hired by the Company to administer the Madras Presidency (at the time, the "Presidency of Fort St. Ge ...

) * March 29 –

Johann Gotthelf Lindner Johann Gotthelf Lindner (11 September 1729 – 29 March 1776) was a German university teacher and writer at the time of the eighteenth century Enlightenment. Johann Gotthelf Lindner was the elder brother to Ehregott Friedrich Lindner, also born ...

, German university teacher and writer (b.

1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...

) * March 30 – Jonathan Belcher, British-American lawyer (b.

1710 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Saturday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin b ...

) *

– Jane Randolph Jefferson, wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b.

1720 Events January–March * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal for England. * January 21 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War). * February 17 – The Treaty of ...

) * April 7 –

Charles-Pierre Colardeau Charles-Pierre Colardeau (12 October 1732 in Janville – 7 April 1776 in Paris) was a French poet. His most notable works are an imitation of ''Eloisa to Abelard'' by Alexander Pope and a translation of the first two sections of ''Night-Though ...

, French poet (b.

1732 Events January–March * January 21 – Russia and Persia sign the Treaty of Riascha at Resht. Based on the terms of the agreement, Russia will no longer establish claims over Persian territories. * February 9 – The Swedish ...

) * April 19 – Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b.

1697 Events January–March * January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy. * January 11 – French writer Charles Perrault releases the book ''Histoires ou ...

) * April 20 – Olivier de Vézin (b.

1707 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarv ...

) * April 29 – Edward Wortley Montagu, English traveller and writer (b.

) * May 4 –

Jacques Saly Jacques François Joseph Saly, also known as Jacques Saly (20 June 1717 – 4 May 1776), French-born sculptor who worked in France, Italy and Malta. He is commonly associated with his time in Denmark he served as Director of the Royal Danis ...

, French sculptor (b.

1717 Events January–March * January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart. * Ja ...

) * May 6 –

James Kent James Kent may refer to: *James Kent (jurist) (1763–1847), American jurist and legal scholar * James Kent (composer) (1700–1776), English composer *James Kent, better known as Perturbator, French electronic/synthwave musician *James Tyler Kent ...

, English organist and composer (b.

1700 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 19), where then Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 17 ...

) * May 7 – Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b. 1734) * May 23 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (b.

) * May 25 – Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b. 1711) * May 30 – Albert Frick (theologian), Albert Frick, German theologian (b. 1714) * June 2 – Continental Army General John Thomas (American general), John Thomas, from smallpox (b. 1724) * June 10 ** Hsinbyushin (b. 1736) ** Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722) * June 13 – Elizabeth Scott (hymnwriter), Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b. 1708) * June 20 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor, manufacturer (b.

) * July 7 – Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b.

) * July 10 – Richard Peters (priest), Richard Peters, English-born American clergyman (b.

) * July 15 – Richard Bampfylde, British politician (b. 1722) * July 16 – Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b. 1696) * July 21 – Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (b. 1683) * August 1 ** Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (b.

) ** Francis Salvador, American patriot (b. 1747) *

– Louis François, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b.

) *

– Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b. 1721) * August 25 – David Hume, Scottish philosopher (b. 1711) * August 27 – William Stark (loyalist), William Stark, Revolutionary War era officer (b. 1724) * August 29 – Joseph Arnold (Rhode Island farmer), Joseph Arnold, pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b.

) * September 1 – Angelica Le Gru Perotti, Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b.

) * September 6 – Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b. 1759) * September 22 –

, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b. 1755) * September 24 – Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan, Anglo-Irish peer (b. 1685) * September 28 – Cadwallader Colden, physician (b. 1688) * October 3 – Ayşe Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III), Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b.

) * October 10 – Karl Gotthelf von Hund, German Freemason (b. 1722) * October 15 – John Ellis (naturalist), John Ellis, naturalist (b.

) * October 17 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681) * October 28 – Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b. 1760) * October 30 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b.

) * November 15 – Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (b. 1714) * November 17 – James Ferguson (Scottish astronomer), James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (b.

) * November 23 – Théophile de Bordeu, French physician (b. 1722) * December 5 – Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b.

) * December 10 – Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (b. 1711) * December 13 – Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b.

) * December 25 – John Gabriel Jones, colonial American pioneer and politician (b. 1752) * ''date unknown'' – Muhammad al-Warghi, Tunisian writer and poet (b. c.

)

Events

January–February

March–April

May–June

July–August

September–October

November–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

References

Further reading