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Tây Vu Vương
Tây Vu Vương ( vi-hantu, 西于王, ), or the "King of Tây Vu" ( fl. 111 BC), is the title attributed by some Vietnamese historians to the leader of a popular revolt in the Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen commanderies against the rule of the Chinese Western Han dynasty. Tây Vu Vương was the leader of the Tây Vu autonomous area of which the centre was Cổ Loa. Some historians consider that he was probably a descendant of An Dương Vương. Historian Trần Quốc Vượng saw the king as having established a fief or government at Cổ Loa. At the end of Han conquest of Nanyue, he was killed by his assistant Huang Tong (黄同; Hoàng Đồng).Shiji 史記 (Scribe's records) "Hạ Li hầu vì làm Tả tướng của nước Âu Lạc chém Tây Vu Vương có công được phong Hầu". See also * Nanyue * Triệu dynasty * Han conquest of Nanyue * Baiyue The Baiyue (, ), Hundred Yue, or simply Yue (; ), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of East China, So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)". The term is often used in art history when dating the career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi (standard Chinese, pinyin: ''Jiāozhǐ''), or Giao Chỉ (Vietnamese), was a historical region ruled by various Chinese dynasties, corresponding to present-day northern Vietnam. The kingdom of Nanyue (204–111 BC) set up the Jiaozhi Commandery (; Vietnamese: Quận Giao Chỉ, Hán-Nôm: 郡交趾) an administrative division centered in the Red River Delta that existed through Vietnam's first and second periods of Chinese rule. During the Han dynasty, the commandery was part of a province of the same name (later renamed to Jiaozhou) that covered modern-day northern and central Vietnam as well as Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. In 670 AD, Jiaozhi was absorbed into the Annan Protectorate established by the Tang dynasty. Afterwards, official use of the name Jiaozhi was superseded by "Annan" (Annam) and other names of Vietnam, except during the brief fourth period of Chinese rule when the Ming dynasty administered Vietnam as the Jiaozhi Province. Name Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiuzhen
Jiuzhen (Vietnamese: Cửu Chân, Chinese: 九真) was a Chinese commandery within Jiaozhou. It is located in present-day Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnam. Michel Ferlus (2012) and Frédéric Pain (2020) propose that 九真 Old Chinese Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese language, Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones ... *''kuˀ-cin'' transcribed *''k.cin'', a local autonym which is reflected in Puoc ''ksiːŋ muːl'' & Thavung ''ktiːŋ²'' meaning "human being, people", the latter from Proto-Vietic *''kciːŋ'', which consists of prefix *''k-'' and *''ciɲ'' (“leg, foot”); thus, "human beings" are "(those who are) on foot", "those who stand on their feet." Pain further suggests that " might therefore have been inhabited by some ancestors of the Southern Vietic Thavung - Aheu." References Sources * * Form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Era Of Northern Domination
The First Era of Northern Domination refers to the period of Vietnamese history during which present-day northern Vietnam was under the rule of the Han dynasty and the Xin dynasty. It is considered the first of four periods of Vietnam under Chinese rule, the first three of which were almost continuous and referred to as ("Northern Domination"). In 111 BC, the powerful Han dynasty conquered Nanyue during its expansion southward and incorporated what is now northern Vietnam, together with much of modern Guangdong and Guangxi , into the expanding Han empire. Vietnamese resistance to Han rule culminated in the rebellion of the Trưng sisters, who expelled the Han in 40 AD and briefly ruled Vietnam until being defeated by the returning Han Chinese army in 43 AD. Background Pre-sinification Yue Identity Due to the fact that the Han Dynasty did not keep detailed records of the personal and cultural identities of the Yue people, much of the information now known is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the ChuHan contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by usurping regent Wang Mang, and is thus separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, and it has influenced the identity of the Chinese civilization ever since. Modern China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han people", the Sinitic language is known as "Han language", and the written Chinese is referred to as "Han characters". The emperor was at the pinnacle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cổ Loa Citadel
Cổ Loa Citadel ( vi, Thành Cổ Loa ) is an important fortified settlement and archaeological site in present-day Hanoi's Đông Anh district, roughly 17 kilometers north of present-day Hanoi, in the upper plain north of the Red River. Various relics of the Bronze Age Phùng Nguyên culture and Đông Sơn culture have been found in Cổ Loa, although it was later established as the capital of Âu Lạc Kingdom during the 3rd century BCE (about 257 BCE). It might be the first political center of the Vietnamese civilization. The settlement’s concentric walls resemble a snail’s shell; it had an outer embankment covering 600 hectares. Etymology The name "Cổ Loa" is Sino-Vietnamese reading of 古 螺 ( Standard Chinese: ''gǔ luó''), literally meaning "ancient spiral". According to Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư, the citadel is shaped like a snail, reflecting of the citadel's multi-layered structure with concentric ramparts and moats.Kiernan, Ben (2017). ''Việt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An Dương Vương
An Dương Vương () was the king and the only ruler of the kingdom of Âu Lạc, a classical antiquity state centered in the Red River Delta. As the leader of the Âu Việt tribes, he defeated the last Hùng king of the state of Văn Lang and united its people – known as the Lạc Việt – with his people, the Âu Việt. An Dương Vương fled and committed suicide after the war with Nanyue forces in 179 BCE. Biography Origin and foundation of Âu Lạc It seems that King An Dương was an actual historical figure. Written accounts associated him with the ancient state of Shu, conquered by King Huiwen of Qin in 316 BCE. However, there are some problems inherent in accepting this traditional view. Many chronicles including ''Records of the Outer Territories of the Jiao province'',As quoted in Li Daoyuan's Commentary on the Water Classicbr>Vol. 37/ref> ''Đại Việt sử lược'', ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' stated that he was Shu prince (ms. "蜀王子", li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Conquest Of Nanyue
The Han conquest of Nanyue was a military conflict between the Han Empire and the Nanyue kingdom in modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. During the reign of Emperor Wu, the Han forces launched a punitive campaign against Nanyue and conquered it in 111 BC. Background During the collapse of the Qin dynasty, Zhao Tuo established himself as the King of Nanyue in southern China.. Zhao was originally a Qin military officer from Zhending in northern China.. The Han frontier in the south was not threatened and there was no indication that Zhao Tuo would encroach on Han territory. In 196 BC, the Emperor Gaozu sent Lu Jia on a diplomatic mission to Nanyue to officially recognize Zhao Tuo as a local ruler. Nevertheless, relations between Han and Nanyue were sometimes strained. Zhao Tuo resented Empress Lü's ban on exports of metal wares and female livestock to Nanyue. In 183 BC, he proclaimed himself the "Martial Emperor of the Southern Yue" (南越武帝), which implied a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanyue
Nanyue (), was an ancient kingdom ruled by Chinese monarchs of the Zhao family that covered the modern Chinese subdivisions of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, southern Fujian and central to northern Vietnam. Nanyue was established by Zhao Tuo, then Commander of Nanhai of the Qin Empire, in 204 BC after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. At first, it consisted of the commanderies Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang. In 196 BC, Zhao Tuo paid obeisance to the Emperor Gaozu of Han, and Nanyue was referred to by the Han dynasty as a "foreign servant", i.e. a vassal state. Around 183 BC, relations between the Nanyue and the Han dynasty soured, and Zhao Tuo began to refer to himself as an emperor, suggesting an equal status between Nanyue and the Han dynasty. In 179 BC, relations between the Han and Nanyue improved, and Zhao Tuo once again made submission, this time to Emperor Wen of Han as a subject state. The submission was somewhat superficial, as Nanyue retained autonomy fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triệu Dynasty
The Triệu dynasty or Zhao dynasty (; vi, Nhà Triệu, links=no; 茹趙) ruled the kingdom of Nanyue, which consisted of parts of southern China as well as northern Vietnam. Its capital was Panyu, in modern Guangzhou. The founder of the dynasty, Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà), was a Chinese general from Hebei and originally served as a military governor under the Qin dynasty. He asserted his independence in 207 BC as the Qin dynasty was collapsing. The ruling elite included both native Yue and immigrant Han peoples.Snow, Donald B., Cantonese as written language: the growth of a written Chinese vernacular' (2004), Hong Kong University Press, p. 70. Zhao Tuo conquered the Vietnamese state of Âu Lạc and led a coalition of Yuè states in a war against the Han dynasty, which had been expanding southward. Subsequent rulers were less successful in asserting their independence and the Han dynasty finally conquered the kingdom in 111 BC. Historiography The scholar Huang Zuo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baiyue
The Baiyue (, ), Hundred Yue, or simply Yue (; ), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of East China, South China and Northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD. They were known for their short hair, body tattoos, fine swords, and naval prowess. During the Warring States period, the word "Yue" referred to the State of Yue in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Minyue in Fujian and Nanyue in Guangdong were both considered Yue states. Meacham (1996:93) notes that, during the Zhou and Han dynasties, the Yue lived in a vast territory from Jiangsu to Yunnan, while Barlow (1997:2) indicates that the Luoyue occupied the southwest Guangxi and northern Vietnam. The ''Book of Han'' describes the various Yue tribes and peoples can be found from the regions of Kuaiji to Jiaozhi. The Yue tribes were gradually displaced or assimilated into Chinese culture as the Han empire expanded into what is now Southern China and Northern Vietnam. Many modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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